1
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Zhou W, Hao M, Lu T, Duan Z, Sarma T, Sessler JL, Lei C. Carbazole-Containing Carbadecaphyrins: Non-aromatic Expanded Porphyrins that Undergo Proton-Triggered Conformational Changes. Chemistry 2021; 27:16173-16180. [PMID: 34532908 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A pair of meso-unsubstituted expanded carbaporphyrins containing two carbazole moieties were prepared in high isolated yields (82 and 76 %, respectively). The two macrocycles, namely 3 and 4, differ with respect to their substitution at the carbazole N-atoms i. e. by H and i-Bu, respectively. As prepared in their free-base forms, macrocycles 3 and 4 adopt figure-of-eight conformations and are best characterized as 40 π-electron, non-aromatic species possessing a decaphyrin(1.1.0.0.0.1.1.0.0.0) skeleton. Protonation of 3 with either trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) or perchloric acid (HClO4 ) produces a parallelogram-shaped structure. A similar structure is produced when N-functionalized system 4 is treated with TFA. In contrast, protonation of 4 with HClO4 leads it to adopt a twisted Möbius strip-like structure in the solid state, thus allowing access to three distinct conformational states as a function of the conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weinan Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.,Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Mengdi Hao
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Tian Lu
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Zhiming Duan
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Tridib Sarma
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry, Cotton University, Guwahati, 781001, Assam, India
| | - Jonathan L Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas, 78712-1224, United States
| | - Chuanhu Lei
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
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2
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Wang K, Liu P, Zhang F, Xu L, Zhou M, Nakai A, Kato K, Furukawa K, Tanaka T, Osuka A, Song J. A Robust Porphyrin-Stabilized Triplet Carbon Diradical. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:7002-7006. [PMID: 33393192 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202015356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of robust high-spin carbon radicals is an important topic in organic chemistry. Toward this end, several porphyrin-stabilized radicals have been systematically explored. A singly naphthalene-fused porphyrin radical was synthesized by a reaction sequence consisting of a Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of β-borylated porphyrin with 2-bromobenzaldehyde, addition of mesityl Grignard reagent, intramolecular Friedel-Crafts alkylation, and final oxidation with DDQ or tBuOK/O2 . This strategy was also used to synthesize doubly naphthalene-fused porphyrins and syn- and anti-fused-anthracene-bridged porphyrin dimers. While singly naphthalene-fused porphyrin radical has been shown to be a stable monoradical, doubly naphthalene-fused porphyrins and anti-fused-anthracene-bridged porphyrin dimers have been shown to be closed-shell molecules. Finally, the syn-dimer was characterized as a surprisingly stable radical (t1/2 =28 days under ambient air and at 80 °C) that is storable for more than several months, despite its high-spin triplet ground-state carbon diradical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisheng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Pingting Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Fenni Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Ling Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Mingbo Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Akito Nakai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kato
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ko Furukawa
- Center for Instrumental Analysis, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Jianxin Song
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
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3
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Ye L, Fang Y, Ou Z, Feng R, Chen M, Guo R, Kadish KM. Electrochemical Characterization of Bis‐Cobalt Hexaphyrin: A Selective Electrocatalyst for the Two‐Electron Reduction of Oxygen in Acid Media. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Ye
- College of Computer Jilin Normal University Siping 136000 P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Fang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry University of Houston Houston TX 77204-5003 USA
| | - Zhongping Ou
- Department of Chemistry University of Houston Houston TX 77204-5003 USA
| | - Ru Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 P. R. China
| | - Minyuan Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry University of Houston Houston TX 77204-5003 USA
| | - Rui Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 P. R. China
| | - Karl M. Kadish
- Department of Chemistry University of Houston Houston TX 77204-5003 USA
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4
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Wang K, Liu P, Zhang F, Xu L, Zhou M, Nakai A, Kato K, Furukawa K, Tanaka T, Osuka A, Song J. A Robust Porphyrin‐Stabilized Triplet Carbon Diradical. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202015356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaisheng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China) Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional molecules of Hunan Province Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China
| | - Pingting Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China) Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional molecules of Hunan Province Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China
| | - Fenni Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China) Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional molecules of Hunan Province Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China
| | - Ling Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China) Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional molecules of Hunan Province Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China
| | - Mingbo Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China) Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional molecules of Hunan Province Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China
| | - Akito Nakai
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Kenichi Kato
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Ko Furukawa
- Center for Instrumental Analysis Niigata University Nishi-ku Niigata 950-2181 Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China) Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional molecules of Hunan Province Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China
| | - Jianxin Song
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China) Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional molecules of Hunan Province Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China
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5
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Sample HC, Senge MO. Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution (S NAr) and Related Reactions of Porphyrinoids: Mechanistic and Regiochemical Aspects. European J Org Chem 2021; 2021:7-42. [PMID: 33519299 PMCID: PMC7821298 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The nucleophilic substitution of aromatic moieties (SNAr) has been known for over 150 years and found wide use for the functionalization of (hetero)aromatic systems. Currently, several "types" of SNAr reactions have been established and notably the area of porphyrinoid macrocycles has seen many uses thereof. Herein, we detail the SNAr reactions of seven types of porphyrinoids with differing number and type of pyrrole units: subporphyrins, norcorroles, corroles, porphyrins, azuliporphyrins, N-confused porphyrins, and phthalocyanines. For each we analyze the substitution dependent upon: a) the type of nucleophile and b) the site of substitution (α, β, or meso). Along with this we evaluate this route as a synthetic strategy for the generation of unsymmetrical porphyrinoids. Distinct trends can be identified for each type of porphyrinoid discussed, regardless of nucleophile. The use of nucleophilic substitution on porphyrinoids is found to often be a cost-effective procedure with the ability to yield complex substituent patterns, which can be conducted in non-anhydrous solvents with easily accessible simple porphyrinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry C. Sample
- School of ChemistryTrinity Biomedical Sciences InstituteThe University of Dublin152‐160 Pearse StreetDublin 2Ireland
| | - Mathias O. Senge
- Institute for Advanced Study (TUM‐IAS)Technical University of MunichLichtenbergstrasse 2a85748GarchingGermany
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6
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Berlicka A, Stanowska J, Białek MJ, Ślepokura K, Latos-Grażyński L. Dicarba[26]hexaporphyrinoids(1.1.1.1.1.1) with an Embedded Cyclopentene Moiety-Conformational Switching. Chemistry 2020; 26:12322-12327. [PMID: 32633431 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Incorporation of cyclopentene fragments into a skeleton of parental [26]hexaphyrin(1.1.1.1.1.1) afforded extended carbaporphyrinoids: 31,34-dicarbahexa[26]chlorin and its derivatives: the first externally substituted by ethoxy and 2,4,6-trimethylbenzylidene groups and the second one formed by selective oxidation of one cyclopentene ring. Macrocycles adopt dumbbell-shaped conformations with two meso hydrogen atoms located inside the macrocyclic cavity. Protonation of 31,34-dicarba[26]hexachlorins provided dications existing in dumbbell-shaped and rectangular conformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Berlicka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie St., 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Justyna Stanowska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie St., 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Michał J Białek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie St., 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ślepokura
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie St., 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
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7
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Szyszko B, Latos-Grażyński L. Expanded Carbaporphyrinoids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:16874-16901. [PMID: 31825555 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This Review outlines the progress in the field of synthetic expanded carbaporphyrinoids. The evolution of this topic is demonstrated with expanded porphyrin-inspired systems with a variety of incorporated entities that introduce one or more carbon atoms into the cavity. The discussion starts with platyrins-the macrocycles that were identified as parent molecules of not only the expanded carbaporphyrinoids, but the carbaporphyrinoid class in general. After historic considerations, the plethora of expanded porphyrin-like macrocycles containing N-confused or neo-confused pyrrole motifs and different carbocyclic subunits are presented. Special emphasis is given to applications of expanded carbaporphyrinoids in different areas, including organometallic chemistry, switching systems, or aromaticity, concluding with the demonstration of a covalent cage based on an expanded carbaporphyrinoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Szyszko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie St., 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Szyszko
- Department of Chemistry University of Wrocław 14 F. Joliot-Curie St. 50-383 Wrocław Polen
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9
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Basumatary B, Mitsuno K, Ishida M, Furuta H. Bis-palladium(II) complex of doubly N-confused octaphyrin(1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1): Möbius aromaticity and chiroptical properties. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619501116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A novel bis-palladium(II) complex of doubly N-confused octaphyrin (Pd[Formula: see text]-2) adopting a Möbius-twisted topological structure was synthesized and characterized. Due to the effective 36[Formula: see text]-electronic delocalization over the Möbius-twisted octaphyrin scaffold, characteristic Soret and Q-like absorption features were observed in the near-infrared (NIR) region. However, the complex Pd[Formula: see text]-2 exhibited weak aromatic character attributed to the distinct cross-conjugated resonance contribution as inferred from the 1H NMR chemical shifts as well as theoretical assessments ([Formula: see text] nucleus-independent chemical shift (NICS)). Since the bis-palladium(II) complexation of doubly N-confused octaphyrin 2 imparted significant conformational stability, topologically chiral enantiomers of Pd[Formula: see text]-2 were successfully separated as ([Formula: see text]- and ([Formula: see text]-twisted forms. The resulting isomers revealed relatively large circular dichroism (CD) responses with an absorption anisotropy factor of [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] 0.009 in the NIR region ([Formula: see text] 823 nm). In addition, the cyclic voltammogram of Pd[Formula: see text]-2 revealed redox-rich properties due to its large [Formula: see text]-conjugated system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biju Basumatary
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering and Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan
| | - Koki Mitsuno
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering and Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan
| | - Masatoshi Ishida
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering and Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Furuta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering and Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan
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10
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Umetani M, Kim J, Tanaka T, Kim D, Osuka A. 5,20-Diheterohexaphyrins: metal-template-free synthesis and aromaticity switching. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:10547-10550. [PMID: 31414678 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc05580k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
As the first example of expanded heteroporphyrins with heteroatoms at meso-positions, 5,20-dithiahexaphyrins and 5,20-diazahexaphyrins were synthesized via nucleophilic substitution reactions of α,α'-dibromotripyrrin as the key step. While 5,20-dithiahexaphyrins are practically nonaromatic, 5,20-[28]diazahexaphyrins show weakly antiaromatic characters and can be cleanly converted into aromatic 5,20-[26]diazahexaphyrins upon oxidation with PbO2, demonstrating distinct aromaticity switching with maintenance of dumbbell-like conformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Umetani
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Japan
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11
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Adinarayana B, Shimizu D, Furukawa K, Osuka A. Stable radical versus reversible σ-bond formation of (porphyrinyl)dicyanomethyl radicals. Chem Sci 2019; 10:6007-6012. [PMID: 31360409 PMCID: PMC6566382 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc01631g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
(Porphyrinyl)dicyanomethyl radicals were produced by oxidation of dicyanomethyl-substituted porphyrins with PbO2. These radicals constitute a rare example displaying stable radical versus dynamic covalent chemistry (DCC) depending upon the substitution position of the dicyanomethyl radical. meso-Dicyanomethyl-substituted radicals exist as stable monomeric species and do not undergo any dimerization processes either in the solid state or in solution. In contrast, β-dicyanomethyl-substituted radicals are isolated as σ-dimers that are stable in the solid-state but display reversible σ-dimerization behavior in solution; monomeric radical species exist predominantly at high temperatures, while σ-dimerization is favoured at low temperatures. This dynamic behaviour has been confirmed by variable-temperature 1H NMR, UV-vis and EPR measurements. The structures of the stable radical and σ-dimer have been revealed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The observed different reactivities of the two (porphyrinyl)dicyanomethyl radicals have been rationalized in terms of their spin delocalization behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Adinarayana
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science , Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku , Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan .
| | - Daiki Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science , Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku , Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan .
| | - Ko Furukawa
- Centre for Instrumental Analysis , Niigata University , Nishiku , Niigata , 950-2181 , Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science , Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku , Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan .
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12
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Soya T, Osuka A. Internally Bridged Hückel Aromatic [46]Decaphyrins: (Doubly‐Twisted‐Annuleno)Doubly‐Twisted‐Annulene Variants. Chemistry 2019; 25:5173-5176. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Soya
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceKyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceKyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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13
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Adinarayana B, Shimizu D, Osuka A. Stable (BIII
-Subporphyrin-5-yl)dicyanomethyl Radicals. Chemistry 2019; 25:1706-1710. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bellamkonda Adinarayana
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Daiki Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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14
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Kato K, Furukawa K, Osuka A. A Stable Trimethylenemethane Triplet Diradical Based on a Trimeric Porphyrin Fused π-System. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201804644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Kato
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Ko Furukawa
- Center for Instrumental Analysis; Niigata University; Nishi-ku Niigata 950-2181 Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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15
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Kato K, Furukawa K, Osuka A. A Stable Trimethylenemethane Triplet Diradical Based on a Trimeric Porphyrin Fused π-System. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:9491-9494. [PMID: 29858542 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201804644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Trimethylenemethane (TMM) diradical is the simplest non-Kekulé non-disjoint molecule with the triplet ground state (ΔEST =+16.1 kcal mol-1 ) and is extremely reactive. It is a challenge to design and synthesize a stable TMM diradical with key properties, such as actual aliphatic TMM diradical centers and the triplet ground state with a large positive ΔEST value, since such species provide detailed information on the electronic structure of TMM diradical. Herein we report a TMM derivative, in which the TMM segment is fused with three NiII meso-triarylporphyrins, that satisfies the above criteria. The diradical shows delocalized spin density on the propeller-like porphyrin π-network and the triplet ground state owing to the strong ferromagnetic interaction. Despite the apparent TMM structure, the diradical can be handled under ambient conditions and can be stored for months in the solid state, thus allowing its X-ray diffraction structural analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Kato
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ko Furukawa
- Center for Instrumental Analysis, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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16
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Ishida SI, Kim J, Shimizu D, Kim D, Osuka A. Synthesis of (bis)Silicon Complexes of [38], [37], and [36]Octaphyrins: Aromaticity Switch and Stable Radical Cation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201801986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ichiro Ishida
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Kitashirakawa-Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Jinseok Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory of Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry; Yonsei University; 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu Seoul 03722 Korea
| | - Daiki Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Kitashirakawa-Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory of Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry; Yonsei University; 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu Seoul 03722 Korea
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Kitashirakawa-Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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17
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Ishida SI, Kim J, Shimizu D, Kim D, Osuka A. Synthesis of (bis)Silicon Complexes of [38], [37], and [36]Octaphyrins: Aromaticity Switch and Stable Radical Cation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201801986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ichiro Ishida
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Kitashirakawa-Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Jinseok Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory of Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry; Yonsei University; 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu Seoul 03722 Korea
| | - Daiki Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Kitashirakawa-Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory of Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry; Yonsei University; 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu Seoul 03722 Korea
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Kitashirakawa-Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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18
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Shimizu D, Osuka A. A Benzene-1,3,5-Triaminyl Radical Fused with ZnII
-Porphyrins: Remarkable Stability and a High-Spin Quartet Ground State. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201801080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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19
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Shimizu D, Osuka A. A Benzene-1,3,5-Triaminyl Radical Fused with Zn II -Porphyrins: Remarkable Stability and a High-Spin Quartet Ground State. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:3733-3736. [PMID: 29442422 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201801080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A benzene-1,3,5-triaminyl radical fused with three ZnII -porphyrins was synthesized through a three-fold oxidative fusion reaction of 1,3,5-tris(ZnII -porphyrinylamino)benzene followed by oxidation with PbO2 as key steps. This triaminyl radical has been shown to possess a quartet ground state with a doublet-quartet energy gap of 3.1 kJ mol-1 by superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) studies. Despite its high-spin nature, this triradical is remarkably stable, which allows its separation and recrystallization under ambient conditions. Moreover, this triradical can be stored as a solid for more than one year without serious deterioration. The high stability of the triradical is attributed to effective spin delocalization over the porphyrin segments and steric protection at the nitrogen centers and the porphyrin meso positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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20
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Shimizu D, Osuka A. Porphyrinoids as a platform of stable radicals. Chem Sci 2018; 9:1408-1423. [PMID: 29675188 PMCID: PMC5892410 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc05210c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-innocent ligand nature of porphyrins was observed for compound I in enzymatic cycles of cytochrome P450. Such porphyrin radicals were first regarded as reactive intermediates in catabolism, but recent studies have revealed that porphyrinoids, including porphyrins, ring-contracted porphyrins, and ring-expanded porphyrins, display excellent radical-stabilizing abilities to the extent that radicals can be handled like usual closed-shell organic molecules. This review surveys four types of stable porphyrinoid radical and covers their synthetic methods and properties such as excellent redox properties, NIR absorption, and magnetic properties. The radical-stabilizing abilities of porphyrinoids stem from their unique macrocyclic conjugated systems with high electronic and structural flexibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science , Kyoto University , Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan .
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science , Kyoto University , Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan .
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21
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Jun-I Y, Fukui N, Furukawa K, Osuka A. Metalation Control of Open-Shell Character in meso-meso Linked Porphyrin meso-Oxy Radical Dimers. Chemistry 2018; 24:1528-1532. [PMID: 29276810 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Control of open-shell character of meso-meso linked porphyrin meso-oxy radical dimers has been demonstrated by core metalation. Namely, NiII -porphyrin dimer 6Ni exhibits a clear 1 H NMR spectrum and a distorted but rather coplanar quinonoidal structure consisting of two ruffled porphyrin rings, in accordance with the previous report. Freebase dimer 6H2 shows a similar quinonoidal structure in the solid state but displays slightly broader and temperature-dependent 1 H NMR spectra, indicating a partial diradical character in solution that increases at high temperature. In sharp contrast, bis-imidazole-coordinated ZnII -porphyrin dimer 6ZnIm2 exhibits a perpendicular structure consisting of two planar ZnII -porphyrins and has been characterized as a distinct open-shell diradical on the basis of its non-observable 1 H NMR signals, a clear ESR signal, and a characteristic absorption spectrum reaching about 1700 nm. Despite the distinct diradical character, 6ZnIm2 is an extremely stable molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Jun-I
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Norihito Fukui
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ko Furukawa
- Center for Coordination of Research Facilities, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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22
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Seyitdanlioglu P, Altundal G, Cinar S, Unaleroglu C. Selective synthesis of 5-aryl-10-(nitromethyl) substituted 15-azatripyrrane, 15-oxatripyrrane and 15-thiatripyrrane: access to nitromethyl functionalized A 3B-porphyrins. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj01798k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A chemical strategy toward the selective synthesis of unsymmetrical tripyrranes was developed for the building of meso-aryl and -nitromethyl substituted A3B porphyrins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Seda Cinar
- Hacettepe University
- Department of Chemistry
- Beytepe 06800
- Turkey
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23
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Kato K, Furukawa K, Mori T, Osuka A. Porphyrin-Based Air-Stable Helical Radicals. Chemistry 2017; 24:572-575. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Kato
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Ko Furukawa
- Center for Instrumental Analysis; Niigata University; Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181 Japan
| | - Tadashi Mori
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering; Osaka University; Suita, Osaka 565-871 Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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24
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Ke XS, Hong Y, Tu P, He Q, Lynch VM, Kim D, Sessler JL. Hetero Cu(III)-Pd(II) Complex of a Dibenzo[g,p]chrysene-Fused Bis-dicarbacorrole with Stable Organic Radical Character. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:15232-15238. [PMID: 28965390 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b09167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bis-dicarbacorrole (bis-H3) with two adj-CCNN subunits was synthesized by incorporating a dibenzo[g,p]chrysene moiety into the macrocyclic structure. The two trianionic cores in bis-H3 can stabilize two Cu(III) ions (bis-Cu) or concurrently a Cu(III) cation and a Pd(II) ion in the form of a hetero bis-metal complex (mix-Cu/Pd). As prepared, mix-Cu/Pd displays organic π radical character, as confirmed by various techniques, including electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, femtosecond transient absorption measurements, and DFT calculations. Radical formation is ascribed to one-electron transfer from the dicarbacorrole backbone to the Pd center allowing the d8 Pd(II) center to be accommodated in a square planner coordination geometry. Nucleus-independent chemical shift and anisotropy of the induced current density calculations provide support for the conclusion that bis-H3 and bis-Cu both display antiaromatic character and contain two formally 16 π-electron dicarbacorrole subunits. On this basis, we suggest that mix-Cu/Pd is best considered as containing a fused 15 π-electron nonaromatic radical subunit and a 16 π-electron antiaromatic subunit. The spectroscopic observations are consistent with these assignments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Sheng Ke
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Yongseok Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University , Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Peiyu Tu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Qing He
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Vincent M Lynch
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University , Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jonathan L Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
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25
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Yamasumi K, Nishimura K, Hisamune Y, Nagae Y, Uchiyama T, Kamitani K, Hirai T, Nishibori M, Mori S, Karasawa S, Kato T, Furukawa K, Ishida M, Furuta H. Bis-Copper(II)/π-Radical Multi-Heterospin System with Non-innocent Doubly N
-Confused Dioxohexaphyrin(1.1.1.1.1.0) Ligand. Chemistry 2017; 23:15322-15326. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhisa Yamasumi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems; Kyushu University; Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Keiichi Nishimura
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems; Kyushu University; Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Yutaka Hisamune
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems; Kyushu University; Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Yusuke Nagae
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering; Kyushu University; Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Tomoki Uchiyama
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, SPring-8; Hyogo 679-5198 Japan
| | - Kazutaka Kamitani
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering; Kyushu University; Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Hirai
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering; Kyushu University; Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Maiko Nishibori
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences; Kyushu University; Fukuoka 816-8580 Japan
| | - Shigeki Mori
- Advanced Research Support Center; Ehime University; Matsuyama 790-8577 Japan
| | - Satoru Karasawa
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Showa Pharmaceutical University; Machida 194-8543 Japan
| | - Tatsuhisa Kato
- Institute for Liberal Arts and Sciences; Kyoto University; Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Ko Furukawa
- Center for Instrumental Analysis, Institute for Research Promotion; Niigata University; Niigata 950-2181 Japan
| | - Masatoshi Ishida
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems; Kyushu University; Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Furuta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems; Kyushu University; Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
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26
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Chen M, Ou Z, Feng R, Fang Y, Zhang Y, Kadish KM. Electrochemistry and spectroelectrochemistry of metallohexaphyrins containing bis-copper or bis-zinc central metal ions. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2017. [DOI: 10.1142/s108842461750016x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Two meso-substituted bis-metallohexaphyrins were synthesized and characterized as to their electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical properties in nonaqueous media. The examined compounds are represented as HexaPyM2, where HexaPy represents an expanded macrocycle containing six pyrroles and M [Formula: see text] Cu(II) or Zn(II). Each hexaphyrin undergoes four reversible one-electron reductions and two irreversible oxidations in PhCN or CH2Cl2 containing 0.1 M tetrabutylammonium perchlorate. The HexaPyCu2 is much easier to reduce than the corresponding Cu porphyrin with the same meso-substituents and it is also easier to reduce than a structurally related Cu(II) tripyrrinone. All four reductions of HexaPyM2 are assigned as [Formula: see text]-ring centered electron transfers to give [HexaPyM2][Formula: see text], [HexaPyM2][Formula: see text], [HexaPyM2][Formula: see text] and [HexaPyM2][Formula: see text], respectively. The neutral HexaPyCu2 and HexaPyZn2 also exhibit two oxidations, both of which are irreversible at a scan rate of 0.10 V/s. The peak separation between the first one-electron addition and the first electron abstraction of HexaPyM2 ranges from 1.46 to 1.72 V. These non-thermodynamic HOMO–LUMO gaps are similar to the range of HOMO–LUMO gaps for previously characterized sapphyrins which contain five pyrrole ring in the macrocycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyuan Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5003, USA
| | - Zhongping Ou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Ru Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yuanyuan Fang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Karl M. Kadish
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5003, USA
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27
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Naoda K, Shimizu D, Kim JO, Furukawa K, Kim D, Osuka A. Thienylquinonoidal Porphyrins and Hexaphyrins with Singlet Diradical Ground States. Chemistry 2017; 23:8969-8979. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Naoda
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku; Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Daiki Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku; Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Jun Oh Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry; Yonsei University; Seoul 120-749 Korea
| | - Ko Furukawa
- Center for Instrumental Analysis; Niigata University, Nishi-ku; Niigata 950-2181 Japan
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry; Yonsei University; Seoul 120-749 Korea
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku; Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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28
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Shimizu D, Furukawa K, Osuka A. Stable Subporphyrin meso
-Aminyl Radicals without Resonance Stabilization by a Neighboring Heteroatom. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:7435-7439. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201703097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku; Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Ko Furukawa
- Center for Instrumental Analysis; Niigata University, Nishi-ku; Niigata 950-2181 Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku; Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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29
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Shimizu D, Furukawa K, Osuka A. Stable Subporphyrin meso
-Aminyl Radicals without Resonance Stabilization by a Neighboring Heteroatom. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201703097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku; Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Ko Furukawa
- Center for Instrumental Analysis; Niigata University, Nishi-ku; Niigata 950-2181 Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku; Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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30
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Ishida M, Furuyama T, Lim JM, Lee S, Zhang Z, Ghosh SK, Lynch VM, Lee C, Kobayashi N, Kim D, Sessler JL. Structural, Photophysical, and Magnetic Circular Dichroism Studies of Three Rigidified
meso
‐Pentafluorophenyl‐Substituted Hexaphyrin Analogues. Chemistry 2017; 23:6682-6692. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Ishida
- Department of Chemistry Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Korea
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Graduate School of Engineering, and Center for Molecular Systems Kyushu University Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Taniyuki Furuyama
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Tohoku University Sendai 980-8578 Japan
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Jong Min Lim
- Department of Chemistry Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Korea
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QZ UK
| | - Sangsu Lee
- Department of Chemistry Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Korea
| | - Zhan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at Austin 105 E. 24th Street-A5300 Austin Texas 78712-1224 USA
- Institute for Supramolecular and Catalytic Chemistry Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Sudip K. Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Korea
- Department of Chemistry Techno India University, EM/4, Sector-V, Salt Lake Kolkata 700091 West Bengal India
| | - Vincent M. Lynch
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at Austin 105 E. 24th Street-A5300 Austin Texas 78712-1224 USA
| | - Chang‐Hee Lee
- Department of Chemistry Kangwon National University Chun-Cheon 24341 Korea
| | - Nagao Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Tohoku University Sendai 980-8578 Japan
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology Shinshu University, Tokida Ueda 386-8567 Japan
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Korea
| | - Jonathan L. Sessler
- Department of Chemistry Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Korea
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at Austin 105 E. 24th Street-A5300 Austin Texas 78712-1224 USA
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31
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Peters GM, Winegrad JB, Gau MR, Imler GH, Xu B, Ren S, Wayland BB, Zdilla MJ. Synthesis and Structure of 2,5-Bis[N-(2,6-mesityl)iminomethyl]pyrrolylcobalt(II): Evidence for One-Electron-Oxidized, Redox Noninnocent Ligand Behavior. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:3377-3385. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Garvin M. Peters
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Jacob B. Winegrad
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Michael R. Gau
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Gregory H. Imler
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Beibei Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Shenqiang Ren
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Bradford B. Wayland
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Michael J. Zdilla
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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32
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Plamont R, Balaban TS, Canard G. Straightforward Syntheses That Avoid Scrambling of meso
-Substituted [28]Hexaphyrins. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201601342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Plamont
- Aix Marseille Univ; CNRS, Centrale Marseille; iSm2, Chirosciences
| | | | - Gabriel Canard
- Aix Marseille Univ; CNRS; CINAM; Campus de Luminy, Case 913 13288 Marseille Cedex 09 France
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33
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Abstract
This review underscores the conformational flexibility of porphyrinoids, a unique class of functional molecules, starting from the smallest triphyrins(1.1.1) via [18]porphyrins(1.1.1.1) and concluding with a variety of expanded porphyrinoids and heteroporphyrinoids, including the enormous [96]tetracosaphyrin(1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0). The specific flexibility of porphyrinoids has been documented as instrumental in the designing or redesigning of macrocyclic frames, particularly in the search for adjustable platforms for coordination or organometallic chemistry, anion binding, or mechanistic switches in molecular devices. A structural prearrangement to coordinate one or more metal ions has been outlined. The coverage of the topic focuses on representative examples of geometry or conformational rearrangements for each selected class of the numerous porphyrinoids accordingly categorized by the number of built-in carbo- or heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Szyszko
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Michał J Białek
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ewa Pacholska-Dudziak
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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34
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Liu B, Yoshida T, Li X, Stępień M, Shinokubo H, Chmielewski PJ. Reversible Carbon-Carbon Bond Breaking and Spin Equilibria in Bis(pyrimidinenorcorrole). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201607237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecules; Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan University of Science and Technology; Xiangtan Hunan 411201 China
| | - Takuya Yoshida
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Nagoya University; Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Xiaofang Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecules; Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan University of Science and Technology; Xiangtan Hunan 411201 China
| | - Marcin Stępień
- Department of Chemistry; University of Wrocław; F. Joliot-Curie 14 50383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Nagoya University; Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Piotr J. Chmielewski
- Department of Chemistry; University of Wrocław; F. Joliot-Curie 14 50383 Wrocław Poland
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35
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Liu B, Yoshida T, Li X, Stępień M, Shinokubo H, Chmielewski PJ. Reversible Carbon-Carbon Bond Breaking and Spin Equilibria in Bis(pyrimidinenorcorrole). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:13142-13146. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201607237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecules; Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan University of Science and Technology; Xiangtan Hunan 411201 China
| | - Takuya Yoshida
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Nagoya University; Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Xiaofang Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecules; Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan University of Science and Technology; Xiangtan Hunan 411201 China
| | - Marcin Stępień
- Department of Chemistry; University of Wrocław; F. Joliot-Curie 14 50383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Nagoya University; Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Piotr J. Chmielewski
- Department of Chemistry; University of Wrocław; F. Joliot-Curie 14 50383 Wrocław Poland
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Bahnmüller S, Plotzitzka J, Baabe D, Cordes B, Menzel D, Schartz K, Schweyen P, Wicht R, Bröring M. Hexaethyltripyrrindione (H3Et6tpd): A Non-Innocent Ligand Forming Stable Radical Complexes with Divalent Transition-Metal Ions. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Bahnmüller
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; TU Braunschweig; Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Jacqueline Plotzitzka
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; TU Braunschweig; Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Dirk Baabe
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; TU Braunschweig; Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Birte Cordes
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; TU Braunschweig; Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Dirk Menzel
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics; TU Braunschweig; Mendelssohnstraße 2-3 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Katharina Schartz
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; TU Braunschweig; Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Peter Schweyen
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; TU Braunschweig; Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Richard Wicht
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; TU Braunschweig; Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Martin Bröring
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; TU Braunschweig; Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
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Yamamura M, Takizawa H, Gobo Y, Nabeshima T. Stable neutral radicals of planar N2O2-type dipyrrin platinum complexes: hybrid radicals of the delocalized organic π-orbital and platinum d-orbital. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:6834-8. [PMID: 26875528 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt05039a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Neutral radicals of N2O2-dipyrrin platinum complexes were synthesized by the reaction of dipyrrin ligands with PtCl2(cod) and successive one-electron oxidation. The radicals are very stable even under aerobic and ambient conditions. X-ray crystallographic analysis revealed the stacking array of the planar dipyrrin complex moieties. The ESR signals were broadened and significantly downfield shifted. The absorption spectra exhibited NIR bands. These results indicated a delocalized radical character with a contribution by the platinum d-orbital.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yamamura
- Graduate School of Pure & Applied Sciences, Tsukuba Research Center for Interdisciplinary Materials Science (TIMS), University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan.
| | - H Takizawa
- Graduate School of Pure & Applied Sciences, Tsukuba Research Center for Interdisciplinary Materials Science (TIMS), University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan.
| | - Y Gobo
- Graduate School of Pure & Applied Sciences, Tsukuba Research Center for Interdisciplinary Materials Science (TIMS), University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan.
| | - T Nabeshima
- Graduate School of Pure & Applied Sciences, Tsukuba Research Center for Interdisciplinary Materials Science (TIMS), University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan.
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Tanaka T, Osuka A. Chemistry of meso-Aryl-Substituted Expanded Porphyrins: Aromaticity and Molecular Twist. Chem Rev 2016; 117:2584-2640. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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39
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Fukui N, Cha W, Shimizu D, Oh J, Furukawa K, Yorimitsu H, Kim D, Osuka A. Highly planar diarylamine-fused porphyrins and their remarkably stable radical cations. Chem Sci 2016; 8:189-199. [PMID: 28451165 PMCID: PMC5308406 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc02721k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative fusion of a meso-phenoxazino Ni(ii) porphyrin at high temperature gave a doubly phenoxazine-fused porphyrin as a highly planar diarylamine-fused porphyrin. One-electron oxidation of the corresponding β,β-dichlorinated compound gave a remarkably stable radical cation.
Oxidative fusion reactions of meso-phenoxazino Ni(ii) porphyrin were found to be temperature dependent, giving rise to either a doubly phenylene-fused product at room temperature or a singly phenoxazine-fused product at 70 °C. The latter was further oxidized to a doubly phenoxazine-fused Ni(ii) porphyrin, which was subsequently converted to the corresponding free base porphyrin and Zn(ii) porphyrin. Compared to previously reported diphenylamine-fused porphyrins that displayed a molecular twist, doubly phenoxazine-fused porphyrins exhibited distinctly different properties owing to their highly planar structures, such as larger fluorescence quantum yields, formation of an offset face-to-face dimer both in solution and the solid state, and the generation of a mixed-valence π-radical cation dimer upon electrochemical oxidation. One-electron oxidation of the phenoxazine-fused Ni(ii) porphyrin with Magic Blue gave the corresponding radical cation, which was certainly stable and could be isolated by separation over a silica gel column but slowly chlorinated at the reactive β-positions in the solid state. This finding led to us to examine β,β′-dichlorinated phenoxazine-fused and diphenylamine-fused Ni(ii) porphyrins, which, upon treatment with Magic Blue, provided remarkably stable radical cations to an unprecedented level. It is actually possible to purify these radical cations by silica gel chromatography, and they can be stored for over 6 months without any sign of deterioration. Moreover, they exhibited no degradation even after the CH2Cl2 solution was washed with water. However, subtle structural differences (planar versus partly twisted) led to different crystal packing structures and solid-state magnetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihito Fukui
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science , Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku , Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan . ;
| | - Wonhee Cha
- Spectroscopy Laboratory of Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , Seoul 120-749 , Korea .
| | - Daiki Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science , Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku , Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan . ;
| | - Juwon Oh
- Spectroscopy Laboratory of Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , Seoul 120-749 , Korea .
| | - Ko Furukawa
- Center for Instrumental Analysis , Niigata University , Nishi-ku , Niigata 950-2181 , Japan .
| | - Hideki Yorimitsu
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science , Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku , Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan . ;
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory of Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , Seoul 120-749 , Korea .
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science , Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku , Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan . ;
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40
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Kato K, Cha W, Oh J, Furukawa K, Yorimitsu H, Kim D, Osuka A. Spontaneous Formation of an Air-Stable Radical upon the Direct Fusion of Diphenylmethane to a Triarylporphyrin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:8711-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201602683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Kato
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Wonhee Cha
- Spectroscopy Laboratory of Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry; Yonsei University; Seoul 120-749 Korea
| | - Juwon Oh
- Spectroscopy Laboratory of Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry; Yonsei University; Seoul 120-749 Korea
| | - Ko Furukawa
- Center for Instrumental Analysis; Niigata University; Nishi-ku Niigata 950-2181 Japan
| | - Hideki Yorimitsu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory of Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry; Yonsei University; Seoul 120-749 Korea
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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41
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Kato K, Cha W, Oh J, Furukawa K, Yorimitsu H, Kim D, Osuka A. Spontaneous Formation of an Air-Stable Radical upon the Direct Fusion of Diphenylmethane to a Triarylporphyrin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201602683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Kato
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Wonhee Cha
- Spectroscopy Laboratory of Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry; Yonsei University; Seoul 120-749 Korea
| | - Juwon Oh
- Spectroscopy Laboratory of Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry; Yonsei University; Seoul 120-749 Korea
| | - Ko Furukawa
- Center for Instrumental Analysis; Niigata University; Nishi-ku Niigata 950-2181 Japan
| | - Hideki Yorimitsu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory of Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry; Yonsei University; Seoul 120-749 Korea
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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42
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Constantinides CP, Koutentis PA. Stable N- and N/S-Rich Heterocyclic Radicals. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aihch.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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43
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Honjo K, Mori H, Osuka A. An Ethyne-Bridged Porphyrin-Hexaphyrin-Porphyrin Triad That Undergoes a Thermal Transannular Cyclization. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201500509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Honjo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Hirotaka Mori
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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44
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Oh J, Mori H, Sung YM, Kim W, Osuka A, Kim D. Switchable π-electronic network of bis(α-oligothienyl)-substituted hexaphyrins between helical versus rectangular circuit. Chem Sci 2015; 7:2239-2245. [PMID: 29910912 PMCID: PMC5977443 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc04263a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The switching phenomena of conformation with π-electronic network through deprotonation–protonation processes were investigated by employing a series of 5,20-bis(α-oligothienyl) substituted hexaphyrins(1.1.1.1.1.1).
The switching phenomena of conformation with π-electronic network through deprotonation–protonation processes were investigated by employing a series of 5,20-bis(α-oligothienyl) substituted hexaphyrins(1.1.1.1.1.1). They showed significant changes in the absorption and emission spectra with deprotonation, and returned to the initial state with protonation. Through NMR measurements and single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, we found that the 5,20-bis(α-oligothienyl) substituted hexaphyrins, which possess acyclic, helical electronic networks involving oligothienyl chains in dumbbell conformations (type-I) in a neutral form, underwent effective deprotonation upon treatment with tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF) to generate the corresponding dianions, which display cyclic electronic networks with enhanced aromaticity in rectangular conformations (type-II). Our quantum calculation results provide an unambiguous description for the switchable conformation and π-conjugation, which revealed that a deprotonation-induced enhanced aromatic conjugation pathway is involved in the switchable π-electronic network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juwon Oh
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems , Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro , Seoul 120-749 , Korea .
| | - Hirotaka Mori
- Department of Chemistry , Graduated School of Science , Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku , Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan .
| | - Young Mo Sung
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems , Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro , Seoul 120-749 , Korea .
| | - Woojae Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems , Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro , Seoul 120-749 , Korea .
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry , Graduated School of Science , Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku , Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan .
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems , Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro , Seoul 120-749 , Korea .
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45
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Shimizu D, Oh J, Furukawa K, Kim D, Osuka A. Triarylporphyrin meso-Oxy Radicals: Remarkable Chemical Stabilities and Oxidation to Oxophlorin π-Cations. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:15584-94. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b11223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Shimizu
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Juwon Oh
- Spectroscopy
Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department
of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, South Korea
| | - Ko Furukawa
- Center
for Instrumental Analysis, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy
Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department
of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, South Korea
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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46
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Tanaka Y, Yoneda T, Furukawa K, Koide T, Mori H, Tanaka T, Shinokubo H, Osuka A. A Stable Organic π-Radical of a Zinc(II)-Copper(I)-Zinc(II) Complex of Decaphyrin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201505130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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47
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Tanaka Y, Yoneda T, Furukawa K, Koide T, Mori H, Tanaka T, Shinokubo H, Osuka A. A Stable Organic π-Radical of a Zinc(II)-Copper(I)-Zinc(II) Complex of Decaphyrin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201505130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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48
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Yoshida T, Zhou W, Furuyama T, Leznoff DB, Kobayashi N. An Extremely Air-Stable 19π Porphyrinoid. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:9258-61. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b05781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Yoshida
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Wen Zhou
- Department
of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A
1S6, Canada
| | - Taniyuki Furuyama
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Daniel B. Leznoff
- Department
of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A
1S6, Canada
| | - Nagao Kobayashi
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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Schweyen P, Brandhorst K, Wicht R, Wolfram B, Bröring M. The Corrole Radical. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:8213-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201503624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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50
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