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Pandit S, Seth D. Graphene Oxide-Induced Prototropism and Enhancement of Fluorescence Yield of Organic Molecules in Solutions: Recent Advances. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:9328-9335. [PMID: 38648496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Till date, humankind has mainly acknowledged the quenching phenomenon of graphene oxide (GO). From a fundamental science standpoint, the unique and dynamic prospects of graphene oxide have been showcased in a brief but concise manner. Worldwide research studies have proven that graphene oxide has tremendous potentiality in showcasing breakthroughs in the fields of both basic science and innovative applications. In this Perspective, the fact that, apart from the very common fluorescence quenching phenomenon, graphene oxide can also enhance fluorescence intensity, promote prototropism, demonstrate aggregation-induced emission, and itself exhibit photoluminescence properties in nonaqueous media has been highlighted. It draws attention to the fact regarding unveiling the unknown properties of graphene oxide that might be useful to scientific communities in upcoming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Pandit
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna 801103, Bihar, India
| | - Debabrata Seth
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna 801103, Bihar, India
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2
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Langeland J, Lindkvist TT, Kjær C, Nielsen SB. Gas-phase Förster resonance energy transfer in mass-selected and trapped ions. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2024; 43:477-499. [PMID: 36514825 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Förster Resonance Energy transfer (FRET) is a nonradiative process that may occur from an electronically excited donor to an acceptor when the emission spectrum of the donor overlaps with the absorption spectrum of the acceptor. FRET experiments have been done in the gas phase based on specially designed mass-spectroscopy setups with the goal to obtain structural information on biomolecular ions labeled with a FRET pair (i.e., donor and acceptor dyes) and to shed light on the energy-transfer process itself. Ions are accumulated in a radio-frequency ion trap or a Penning trap where mass selection of those of interest takes place, followed by photoexcitation. Gas-phase FRET is identified from detection of emitted light either from the donor, the acceptor, or both, or from a fragmentation channel that is specific to the acceptor when electronically excited. The challenge associated with the first approach is the collection and detection of photons emitted from a thin ion cloud that is not easily accessible while the second approach relies both on the photophysical and chemical behavior of the acceptor. In this review, we present the different instrumentation used for gas-phase FRET, including a discussion of advantages and disadvantages, and examples on how the technique has provided important structural information that is not easily obtainable otherwise. Furthermore, we describe how the spectroscopic properties of the dyes are affected by nearby electric fields, which is readily discernable from experiments on simple model systems with alkyl or π-conjugated bridges. Such spectral changes can have a significant effect on the FRET efficiency. Ideas for new directions are presented at the end with special focus on cold-ion spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeppe Langeland
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Christina Kjær
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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3
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Roy A, Samanta S, Ray S, S SK, Mondal P. Unraveling the mystery of solvation-dependent fluorescence of fluorescein dianion using computational study. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:034302. [PMID: 38235793 DOI: 10.1063/5.0180218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Fluorescein, one of the brightest fluorescent dye molecules, is a widely used fluorophore for various applications from biomedicine to industry. The dianionic form of fluorescein is responsible for its high fluorescence quantum yield. Interestingly, the molecule was found to be nonfluorescent in the gas phase. This characteristic is attributed to the photodetachment process, which out-competes the fluorescence emission in the gas phase. In this work, we show that the calculated vertical and adiabatic detachment energies of fluorescein dianion in the gas and solvent phases account for the drastic differences observed in their fluorescence characteristics. The functional dependence of these detachment energies on the dianion's microsolvation was systematically investigated. The performance of different solvent models was also assessed. The higher thermodynamic stability of fluorescein dianion over the monoanion doublet in the solvent phase plays a crucial role in quenching photodetachment and activating the radiative channel with a high fluorescence quantum yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abheek Roy
- Department of Physics and Center for Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Sciences and Technologies (CAMOST), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, India
| | - Suvadip Samanta
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Sciences and Technologies (CAMOST), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, India
| | - Soumyadip Ray
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Sciences and Technologies (CAMOST), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, India
| | - Sunil Kumar S
- Department of Physics and Center for Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Sciences and Technologies (CAMOST), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, India
| | - Padmabati Mondal
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Sciences and Technologies (CAMOST), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, India
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4
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Debnath S, Schäfer A, Ito S, Strelnikov D, Schneider R, Haupa KA, Kappes MM. Vibrationally Resolved Absorption, Fluorescence, and Preresonance Raman Spectroscopy of Isolated Pyronin Y Cation at 5 K. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:10553-10560. [PMID: 37975705 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Exploring how charge-changing affects the photoluminescence of small organic dyes presents challenges. Here, helium tagging photodissociation (PD) action spectroscopy in the gas phase and dispersed laser-induced fluorescence (DF) spectroscopy in the solid Ne matrix are used to compare the intrinsic photophysical properties of pyronin Y cation [PY]+ and its one electron-reduced neutral radical [PY]• at 5 K. Whereas the cation shows efficient visible photoluminescence, no emission from the neutral, in line with theoretical predictions, was detected. B3LYP/aug-cc-pVDZ calculations based on the TD-DFT/FCHT method allow for unambiguous assignment of recorded vibrationally resolved absorption and emission spectra. Surprisingly, our experimental sensitivity was high enough to also observe electronic preresonance Raman (ePR-Raman) spectra of [PY]+, with a significant efficiency factor (EF). These characteristics of the [PY]•/[PY]+ pair suggest that appropriately functionalized derivatives may open new perspectives in the area of in vivo bioimagining microscopy and find applications in various sophisticated stimulated-Raman spectroscopies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreekanta Debnath
- Institute of Physical Chemistry II, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alexander Schäfer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry II, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Shun Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo,7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Dmitry Strelnikov
- Institute of Physical Chemistry II, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Rabea Schneider
- Institute of Physical Chemistry II, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Karolina A Haupa
- Institute of Physical Chemistry II, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Manfred M Kappes
- Institute of Physical Chemistry II, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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5
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Talbot FO, Suarez CM, Nagy AM, Chen JC, Djavani-Tabrizi I, Clotea I, Jockusch RA. Robust Fluorescence Collection Module for Wide-Bore Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometers. Anal Chem 2023; 95:17193-17202. [PMID: 37963234 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometers are at the heart of the most powerful toolboxes available to scientists when studying molecular structure, conformation, and dynamics in controlled molecular environments. Improved molecular characterization brought about by the implementation of new orthogonal methods into mass spectrometry-enabled analyses opens deeper insight into the complex interplay of forces that underlie chemistry. Here, we detail how one can add fluorescence detection to commercial ultrahigh-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometers without adverse effects to its preexisting analytical tools. This advance enables measurements based on fluorescence detection, such as Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), to be used in conjunction with other MS/MS techniques to probe the conformation and dynamics of large biomolecules, such as proteins and their complexes, in the highly controlled environment of a Penning trap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis O Talbot
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Cynthia M Suarez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Andrea M Nagy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - JoAnn C Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Iden Djavani-Tabrizi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Ioana Clotea
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Rebecca A Jockusch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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6
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Ashworth EK, Langeland J, Stockett MH, Lindkvist TT, Kjær C, Bull JN, Nielsen SB. Cryogenic Fluorescence Spectroscopy of Ionic Fluorones in Gaseous and Condensed Phases: New Light on Their Intrinsic Photophysics. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:9553-9563. [PMID: 36529970 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c07231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence spectroscopy of gas-phase ions generated through electrospray ionization is an emerging technique able to probe intrinsic molecular photophysics directly without perturbations from solvent interactions. While there is ample scope for the ongoing development of gas-phase fluorescence techniques, the recent expansion into low-temperature operating conditions accesses a wealth of data on intrinsic fluorophore photophysics, offering enhanced spectral resolution compared with room-temperature measurements, without matrix effects hindering the excited-state dynamics. This perspective reviews current progress on understanding the photophysics of anionic fluorone dyes, which exhibit an unusually large Stokes shift in the gas phase, and discusses how comparison of gas- and condensed-phase fluorescence spectra can fingerprint structural dynamics. The capacity for temperature-dependent measurements of both fluorescence emission and excitation spectra helps establish the foundation for the use of fluorone dyes as fluorescent tags in macromolecular structure determination. We suggest ideas for technique development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor K Ashworth
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, NorwichNR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Jeppe Langeland
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus8000, Denmark
| | - Mark H Stockett
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Christina Kjær
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus8000, Denmark
| | - James N Bull
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, NorwichNR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
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7
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Dinesan H, Kumar SS. Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF) Spectroscopy of Trapped Molecular Ions in the Gas Phase. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 76:1393-1411. [PMID: 36263923 DOI: 10.1177/00037028221120830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on the laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) spectroscopy of trapped gas-phase molecular ions, a developing field of research. Following a brief description of the theory and experimental approaches employed in general for fluorescence spectroscopy, the review summarizes the current state-of-the-art intrinsic fluorescence measurement techniques employed for gas-phase ions. Whereas the LIF spectroscopy of condensed matter systems is a well-developed area of research, the instrumentation used for such studies is not directly applicable to gas-phase ions. However, some measurement schemes employed in condensed-phase experiments could be highly beneficial for gas-phase investigations. We have included a brief discussion on some of these techniques as well. Quadrupole ion traps are commonly used for spatial confinement of ions in the ion-trap-based LIF. One of the main challenges involved in such experiments is the poor signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) arising due to weak gas-phase fluorescence emission, high background noise, and small solid angle for the fluorescence collection optics. The experimental approaches based on the integrated high-finesse optical cavities employed for the condensed-phase measurements provide a better (typically an order of magnitude more) SNR in the detected fluorescence than the single-pass detection schemes. Another key to improving the SNR is to exploit the maximum solid angle of light collection by choosing high numerical aperture (NA) collection optics. A combination of these two approaches integrated with ion traps could transmogrify this field, allowing one to study even weak fluorescence emission from gas-phase molecular ions. The review concludes by discussing the scope of the advances in the LIF instrumentation for detailed spectral characterization of fluorophores of weak gas-phase fluorescence emission, considering fluorescein as one example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemanth Dinesan
- Department of Physics and Center for Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Sciences and Technologies (CAMOST), 443874Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, India
| | - S Sunil Kumar
- Department of Physics and Center for Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Sciences and Technologies (CAMOST), 443874Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, India
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8
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Thakare MS, Pawar NS, Adole VA, Patil DB, Patil V. Reactive sensing of gold (III) by coumarin tethered fluorescent probe through alkyne activation. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2022.100670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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9
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Gibbard JA, Verlet JRR. Kasha's Rule and Koopmans' Correlations for Electron Tunnelling through Repulsive Coulomb Barriers in a Polyanion. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:7797-7801. [PMID: 35973214 PMCID: PMC9421885 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The long-range electronic structure of polyanions is defined by the repulsive Coulomb barrier (RCB). Excited states can decay by resonant electron tunnelling through RCBs, but such decay has not been observed for electronically excited states other than the first excited state, suggesting a Kasha-type rule for resonant electron tunnelling. Using action spectroscopy, photoelectron imaging, and computational chemistry, we show that the fluorescein dianion, Fl2-, partially decays through electron tunnelling from the S2 excited state, thus demonstrating anti-Kasha behavior, and that resonant electron tunnelling adheres to Koopmans' correlations, thus disentangling different channels.
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10
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Djavani-Tabrizi I, Jockusch RA. Gas-Phase Fluorescence of Proflavine Reveals Two Close-Lying, Brightly Emitting States. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:2187-2192. [PMID: 35230120 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Surprising excitation-dependent, dual emission from a small organic model fluorophore is reported. Gas-phase fluorescence spectra of proflavine (a diaminoacridine) ions reveal two long-lived emitting states, with distinct bands separated by just 1700 cm-1. The relative intensities of these two bands depend on the excitation wavelength. Time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations support the existence of two close-lying singlet electronic states, with excitation into S2 predicted to be >1000-fold more likely than into S1. These data strongly suggest that internal conversion (IC) rates are suppressed relative to solvated proflavine, and that IC is competitive with intramolecular vibrational relaxation (IVR). This work offers an in-depth assessment of the gas-phase photophysics of a simple fluorophore that could open a new pathway to understanding dual emission in fluorophores.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca A Jockusch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S3H6, Canada
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11
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Zhou P, Tang Z, Li P, Liu J. Unraveling the Mechanism for Tuning the Fluorescence of Fluorescein Derivatives: The Role of the Conical Intersection and nπ* State. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:6478-6485. [PMID: 34240884 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although a large number of fluorescein derivatives have been developed and applied in many different fields, the general mechanisms for tuning the fluorescence of fluorescein derivatives still remain uncovered. Herein, we found that the fluorescence quenching of neutral form of fluorescein derivatives in acidic medium resulted from a dark nπ* state, whereas the fluorescence of the anionic form of fluorescein derivatives in the gas phase and alkaline solutions was tuned by minimal energy conical intersection (MECI). The formation of MECI involved significant rotation of benzene ring and flip-flop motion of xanthene moiety, which would be restricted by intermolecular hydrogen bonding and lowering temperature. The energy barrier for reaching MECI depended on the substituents in the benzene moiety in accordance with experimentally observed substituent effects. These unprecedented mechanisms would lead to a recognition of fluorescein derivatives and could provide a correct and instructive design strategy for further developing new fluorescein derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panwang Zhou
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Tang
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
| | | | - Jianyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, Liaoning China
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12
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Bou S, Klymchenko AS, Collot M. Fluorescent labeling of biocompatible block copolymers: synthetic strategies and applications in bioimaging. MATERIALS ADVANCES 2021; 2:3213-3233. [PMID: 34124681 PMCID: PMC8142673 DOI: 10.1039/d1ma00110h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Among biocompatible materials, block copolymers (BCPs) possess several advantages due to the control of their chemistry and the possibility of combining various blocks with defined properties. Consequently, BCPs drew considerable attention as biocompatible materials in the fields of drug delivery, medicine and bioimaging. Fluorescent labeling of BCPs quickly appeared to be a method of choice to image and track these materials in order to better understand the nature of their interactions with biological media. However, incorporating fluorescent markers (FM) into BCPs can appear tricky; we thus intend to help chemists in this endeavor by reviewing recent advances made in the last 10 years. With the choice of the FM being of prior importance, we first reviewed their photophysical properties and functionalities for optimal labeling and imaging. In the second part the different chemical approaches that have been used in the literature to fluorescently label BCPs have been reviewed. We also report and discuss relevant applications of fluorescent BCPs in bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Bou
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021, CNRS/Université de Strasbourg 74 route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch-Graffenstaden France
| | - Andrey S Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021, CNRS/Université de Strasbourg 74 route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch-Graffenstaden France
| | - Mayeul Collot
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021, CNRS/Université de Strasbourg 74 route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch-Graffenstaden France
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13
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Shukla S, Singh S, Mitra MD. Photosensitizer Modulated Turn – off Fluorescence System and Molecular Logic Functions for Selective Detection of Arsenic (III). ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shubhangi Shukla
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi India
| | - Shwarnima Singh
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi India
| | - Murli Dhar Mitra
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi India
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14
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Stockett MH, Kjær C, Daly S, Bieske EJ, Verlet JRR, Nielsen SB, Bull JN. Photophysics of Isolated Rose Bengal Anions. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:8429-8438. [PMID: 32966075 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c07123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dye molecules based on the xanthene moiety are widely used as fluorescent probes in bioimaging and technological applications due to their large absorption cross-section for visible light and high fluorescence quantum yield. These applications require a clear understanding of the dye's inherent photophysics and the effect of a condensed-phase environment. Here, the gas-phase photophysics of the rose bengal doubly deprotonated dianion [RB - 2H]2-, deprotonated monoanion [RB - H]-, and doubly deprotonated radical anion [RB - 2H]•- is investigated using photodetachment, photoelectron, and dispersed fluorescence action spectroscopies, and tandem ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) coupled with laser excitation. For [RB - 2H]2-, photodetachment action spectroscopy reveals a clear band in the visible (450-580 nm) with vibronic structure. Electron affinity and repulsive Coulomb barrier (RCB) properties of the dianion are characterized using frequency-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy, revealing a decreased RCB compared with that of fluorescein dianions due to electron delocalization over halogen atoms. Monoanions [RB - H]- and [RB - 2H]•- differ in nominal mass by 1 Da but are difficult to study individually using action spectroscopies that isolate target ions using low-resolution mass spectrometry. This work shows that the two monoanions are readily distinguished and probed using the IMS-photo-IMS and photo-IMS-photo-IMS strategies, providing distinct but overlapping photodissociation action spectra in the visible spectral range. Gas-phase fluorescence was not detected from photoexcited [RB - 2H]2- due to rapid electron ejection. However, both [RB - H]- and [RB - 2H]•- show a weak fluorescence signal. The [RB - H]- action spectra show a large Stokes shift of ∼1700 cm-1, while the [RB - 2H]•- action spectra show no appreciable Stokes shift. This difference is explained by considering geometries of the ground and fluorescing states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark H Stockett
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christina Kjær
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Steven Daly
- Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumiére Matiére UMR 5306, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Evan J Bieske
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Jan R R Verlet
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | | | - James N Bull
- School of Chemistry, Norwich Research Park, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
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15
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Wu Y, Zhao Y, Zhou P, Zheng D, Wang H, Tang S, Tian J, Yang S, Deng W, Han K, Song F. Enhancing Intersystem Crossing to Achieve Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence in a Water-Soluble Fluorescein Derivative with a Flexible Propenyl Group. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:5692-5698. [PMID: 32568552 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
It is a challenge to rationally design an organic molecule with thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) due to the intrinsically spin-forbidden transition. Meanwhile, those reported TADF organic molecules have difficulty to be directly applied in the field of biological and medical imaging because they usually have no water solubility. Here, a water-soluble TADF organic molecule DCF-BXJ was developed by introducing a flexible propenyl group into the commercial traditional fluorophore DCF (2,7-dichlorofluorescein). The flexible group provides nonradiative rotational motion, which causes an efficient energy level cross between the S1 state and the T2 state of DCF-BXJ. Results of transient absorption spectra and theoretical calculations supported that nonradiative rotational motion of the flexible group can enhance intersystem crossing (ISC) and bring out TADF. This work provides a new mechanism explanation for TADF existing in organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Wu
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yanliang Zhao
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Panwang Zhou
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Daoyuan Zheng
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Honglei Wang
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Shanliang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, High-tech District, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jiarui Tian
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Songqiu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Weiqiao Deng
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Keli Han
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Fengling Song
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, High-tech District, Dalian 116024, China
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16
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Kjær C, Hansson RF, Hedberg C, Jensen F, Jensen HH, Nielsen SB. Gas-phase action and fluorescence spectroscopy of mass-selected fluorescein monoanions and two derivatives. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:9210-9215. [PMID: 32227053 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00453g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Gaseous fluorescein monoanions are weakly fluorescent; they display a broad fluorescence spectrum and a large Stokes shift. This contrasts with the situation in aqueous solution. One explanation of the intriguing behavior in vacuo is based on internal proton transfer from the pendant carboxyphenyl group to one of the xanthene oxygens in the excited state; another that rotation of the carboxyphenyl group relative to the xanthene leads to a partial charge transfer from one chromophore (xanthene) to the other (carboxyphenyl) when the π orbitals start to overlap. To shed light on the mechanism at play, we synthesized two fluorescein derivatives where the carboxylic acid group is replaced with either an ester or a tertiary amide functionality and explored their gas-phase ion fluorescence using the home-built LUminescence iNstrument in Aarhus (LUNA) setup. Results on the fluorescein methyl ester that has no acidic proton clearly disprove the former explanation: The spectrum remains broad, and the band center (at 605 nm) is shifted even more to the red than that of fluorescein (590 nm). Experiments on the other variant that contains a piperidino amide are also in favor of the second explanation as here the piperidino already causes the dihedral angle between the planes defining the xanthene and the benzene ring to be less than 90° in the ground state (i.e., 63°), according to density functional theory calculations. As a result of the closer similarity between the ground-state and excited-state structures, the fluorescence spectrum is narrower than those of the other two ions, and the band maximum is further to the blue (575 nm). In accordance with a more delocalized ground state of the amide derivative, action spectra associated with photoinduced dissociation recorded at another setup show that the absorption-band maximum for the amide derivative is redshifted compared to that of fluorescein (538 nm vs. 525 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Kjær
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Denmark.
| | | | | | - Frank Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Denmark
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17
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Wehner T, Heck J, Feldmann C, Müller‐Buschbaum K. Reactivity of ZrO(MFP) and ZrO(RP) Nanoparticles with LnCl 3 for Solvatochromic Luminescence Modification and pH-Dependent Optical Sensing. Chemistry 2019; 25:16630-16638. [PMID: 31626707 PMCID: PMC6973228 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The luminescence of the inorganic-organic hybrid nanoparticles ZrO(MFP) (MFP=methylfluorescein phosphate) and ZrO(RP) (RP=resorufin phosphate) was modified by addition of different rare earth halides LnCl3 . The resulting composite materials form dispersible nanoparticles that exhibit modified nanoparticle fluorescence depending on the rare earth ion. The resulting chromaticity of the luminescence is further variable by the employment of different solvents for ZrO(MFP)-based composite systems. The strong solvatochromic effect of the MFP chromophore leads to different luminescence chromaticities of the composite materials between green, yellow, and blue in THF, toluene, and dichloromethane, respectively. The luminescence of ZrO(RP)-based composite particles can be modified between the red and blue spectral regions in dependence on the applied reaction temperature. Beside a luminescence shift that is derived from nanoparticle modification by LnCl3 , a strong turn-on effect of ZrO(RP) particles results after contact with different Brønsted acids and bases in combination with a respective chromaticity shift. Both effects enable the potential employment of such particles as highly sensitive optical pH sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Wehner
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Joachim Heck
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technologie (KIT)Engesserstrasse 1576131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Claus Feldmann
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technologie (KIT)Engesserstrasse 1576131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Klaus Müller‐Buschbaum
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryJustus-Liebig University GiessenHeinrich-Buff-Ring 1735390GiessenGermany
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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18
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Mchedlov-Petrossyan NO, Cheipesh TA, Shekhovtsov SV, Ushakova EV, Roshal AD, Omelchenko IV. Aminofluoresceins Versus Fluorescein: Ascertained New Unusual Features of Tautomerism and Dissociation of Hydroxyxanthene Dyes in Solution. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:8845-8859. [PMID: 31539249 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b05810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Within the course of this spectroscopic research, we revealed novel features of the protolytic behavior, which extend the knowledge of the chemistry of xanthene dyes and rationalize the utilization of these compounds. In addition to the well-known tautomerism of the molecular form, H2R, of fluorescein dyes, new aspects of tautomeric transformation of anions are disclosed. First, for the dyes bearing the substituents in the phthalic acid residue, 4'- and 5'-aminofluoresceins and 4'-fluorescein isothiocyanate, the monoanion HR- exists in non-hydrogen-bond donor solvents not only as a tautomer with the ionized carboxylic and nonionized OH group but also as a "phenolate" ion with a nonionized COOH group. Such state of HR- ions is typical for dyes bearing halogen atoms or NO2 groups in the xanthene moiety but was not observed until now in the case of substitution in the phthalic residue. Second, the possibility of the existence of the HR- species in DMSO in the form of colorless lactone is deduced for the 5'-aminofluorescein using the visible and infrared spectra. This results in a dramatic difference in medium effects. For instance, whereas for fluorescein in DMSO, the inversion of the stepwise ionization constants takes place and the Ka1/Ka2 value equals 0.08, the same ratio for 5'-aminofluorescein is as high as ∼800. In addition, the pKa values of sulfonefluorescein, erythrosin, methyl ether of fluorescein, and phenol red were obtained to verify the acidity scale in DMSO and to support the detailed scheme of protolytic equilibria of fluorescein dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tatyana A Cheipesh
- Department of Physical Chemistry , V. N. Karazin Kharkov National University , Kharkov 61022 , Ukraine
| | - Sergey V Shekhovtsov
- Department of Physical Chemistry , V. N. Karazin Kharkov National University , Kharkov 61022 , Ukraine
| | - Elena V Ushakova
- Department of Physical Chemistry , V. N. Karazin Kharkov National University , Kharkov 61022 , Ukraine
| | - Alexander D Roshal
- Department of Physical Chemistry , V. N. Karazin Kharkov National University , Kharkov 61022 , Ukraine
| | - Iryna V Omelchenko
- Institute for Single Crystals (SSI) , 60 Nauka Avenue , Kharkov 61001 , Ukraine
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19
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Kung JCK, Forman A, Jockusch RA. The effect of methylation on the intrinsic photophysical properties of simple rhodamines. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:10261-10271. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp00730j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Gas-phase studies of progressively methylated rhodamines display unexpected photophysical trends that are obscured in solution, revealing key solvent effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam Forman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada
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20
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Mondal S, Verma A, Saha S. Conformationally Restricted Triarylmethanes: Synthesis, Photophysical Studies, and Applications. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sankalan Mondal
- Department of Chemistry; Institute of Science; Banaras Hindu University; 221005 Varanasi India
| | - Abhineet Verma
- Department of Chemistry; Institute of Science; Banaras Hindu University; 221005 Varanasi India
| | - Satyen Saha
- Department of Chemistry; Institute of Science; Banaras Hindu University; 221005 Varanasi India
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21
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Giacomozzi L, Kjær C, Langeland Knudsen J, Andersen LH, Brøndsted Nielsen S, Stockett MH. Absorption and luminescence spectroscopy of mass-selected flavin adenine dinucleotide mono-anions. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:214309. [PMID: 29884035 DOI: 10.1063/1.5024028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the absorption profile of isolated Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD) mono-anions recorded using photo-induced dissociation action spectroscopy. In this charge state, one of the phosphoric acid groups is deprotonated and the chromophore itself is in its neutral oxidized state. These measurements cover the first four optical transitions of FAD with excitation energies from 2.3 to 6.0 eV (210-550 nm). The S0 → S2 transition is strongly blue shifted relative to aqueous solution, supporting the view that this transition has a significant charge-transfer character. The remaining bands are close to their solution-phase positions. This confirms that the large discrepancy between quantum chemical calculations of vertical transition energies and solution-phase band maxima cannot be explained by solvent effects. We also report the luminescence spectrum of FAD mono-anions in vacuo. The gas-phase Stokes shift for S1 is 3000 cm-1, which is considerably larger than any previously reported for other molecular ions and consistent with a significant displacement of the ground and excited state potential energy surfaces. Consideration of the vibronic structure is thus essential for simulating the absorption and luminescence spectra of flavins.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Giacomozzi
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Kjær
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - L H Andersen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - M H Stockett
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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22
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Stockett MH, Kjær C, Linder MK, Detty MR, Nielsen SB. Luminescence spectroscopy of chalcogen substituted rhodamine cations in vacuo. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2017; 16:779-784. [DOI: 10.1039/c7pp00049a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A library of fluorescent rhodamine cations has been characterized with view to their potential use in gas-phase structural biology experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark H. Stockett
- Aarhus University Department of Physics and Astronomy
- Aarhus
- Denmark
| | - Christina Kjær
- Aarhus University Department of Physics and Astronomy
- Aarhus
- Denmark
| | - Michelle K. Linder
- State University of New York University at Buffalo Department of Chemistry
- Buffalo
- USA
| | - Michael R. Detty
- State University of New York University at Buffalo Department of Chemistry
- Buffalo
- USA
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23
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Kjær C, Brøndsted Nielsen S, Stockett MH. Sibling rivalry: intrinsic luminescence from two xanthene dye monoanions, resorufin and fluorescein, provides evidence for excited-state proton transfer in the latter. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:24440-24444. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp04689h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Excited-state proton transfer in gas-phase fluorescein monoanions results in a broad, featureless emission band and a large Stokes shift compared to resorufin, which shares the same xanthene core structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Kjær
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- Aarhus University
- Denmark
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24
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Imanbaew D, Gelin MF, Riehn C. Rotational and vibrational dynamics in the excited electronic state of deprotonated and protonated fluorescein studied by time-resolved photofragmentation in an ion trap. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2016; 3:043211. [PMID: 27376104 PMCID: PMC4902822 DOI: 10.1063/1.4953367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Excited state dynamics of deprotonated and protonated fluorescein were investigated by polarization dependent femtosecond time-resolved pump-probe photofragmentation in a 3D ion trap. Transients of deprotonated fluorescein exhibit vibrational wavepacket dynamics with weak polarization dependence. Transients of protonated fluorescein show only effects of molecular alignment and rotational dephasing. The time resolved rotational anisotropy of protonated fluorescein is simulated by the calculated orientational correlation function. The observed differences between deprotonated and protonated fluorescein are ascribed to their different higher lying electronically excited states and corresponding structures. This is partially supported by time-dependent density functional theory calculations of the excited state structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Imanbaew
- Fachbereich Chemie, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern , Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 52-54, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Maxim F Gelin
- Fakultät für Chemie, TU München , Lichtenbergstraße 4, D-85747 Garching, Germany
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25
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Daly S, Kulesza A, Knight G, MacAleese L, Antoine R, Dugourd P. The Gas-Phase Photophysics of Eosin Y and its Maleimide Conjugate. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:3484-90. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b01075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Daly
- Institut
Lumière Matière, Université Lyon 1 − CNRS, Université de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Alexander Kulesza
- Institut
Lumière Matière, Université Lyon 1 − CNRS, Université de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Geoffrey Knight
- Institut
Lumière Matière, Université Lyon 1 − CNRS, Université de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Luke MacAleese
- Institut
Lumière Matière, Université Lyon 1 − CNRS, Université de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Rodolphe Antoine
- Institut
Lumière Matière, Université Lyon 1 − CNRS, Université de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Dugourd
- Institut
Lumière Matière, Université Lyon 1 − CNRS, Université de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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26
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Stockett MH, Houmøller J, Støchkel K, Svendsen A, Brøndsted Nielsen S. A cylindrical quadrupole ion trap in combination with an electrospray ion source for gas-phase luminescence and absorption spectroscopy. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2016; 87:053103. [PMID: 27250388 DOI: 10.1063/1.4948316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A relatively simple setup for collection and detection of light emitted from isolated photo-excited molecular ions has been constructed. It benefits from a high collection efficiency of photons, which is accomplished by using a cylindrical ion trap where one end-cap electrode is a mesh grid combined with an aspheric condenser lens. The geometry permits nearly 10% of the emitted light to be collected and, after transmission losses, approximately 5% to be delivered to the entrance of a grating spectrometer equipped with a detector array. The high collection efficiency enables the use of pulsed tunable lasers with low repetition rates (e.g., 20 Hz) instead of continuous wave (cw) lasers or very high repetition rate (e.g., MHz) lasers that are typically used as light sources for gas-phase fluorescence experiments on molecular ions. A hole has been drilled in the cylinder electrode so that a light pulse can interact with the ion cloud in the center of the trap. Simulations indicate that these modifications to the trap do not significantly affect the storage capability and the overall shape of the ion cloud. The overlap between the ion cloud and the laser light is basically 100%, and experimentally >50% of negatively charged chromophore ions are routinely photodepleted. The performance of the setup is illustrated based on fluorescence spectra of several laser dyes, and the quality of these spectra is comparable to those reported by other groups. Finally, by replacing the optical system with a channeltron detector, we demonstrate that the setup can also be used for gas-phase action spectroscopy where either depletion or fragmentation is monitored to provide an indirect measurement on the absorption spectrum of the ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark H Stockett
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Houmøller
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kristian Støchkel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Annette Svendsen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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27
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Mchedlov-Petrossyan NO, Cheipesh TA, Shekhovtsov SV, Redko AN, Rybachenko VI, Omelchenko IV, Shishkin OV. Ionization and tautomerism of methyl fluorescein and related dyes. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 150:151-161. [PMID: 26037500 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The protolytic equilibrium of methyl ether of fluorescein is studied in water, aqueous ethanol, and in other solvents. The constants of the two-step dissociation are determined by spectrophotometry. In water, the fractions of the zwitterionic, quinonoid, and lactonic tautomes are correspondingly 11%, 6%, and 83%, as deduced from the UV-visible spectra. Corresponding study of the ionization of the methyl ether ester of fluorescein, fluorescein ethyl ester, and sulfonefluorescein allows testing the correction of the attribution of the microscopic dissociation constants of methoxy fluorescein. The results of nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopy, as well as the X-ray analysis confirm the predomination of the lactonic structure of the molecular species in solid state and in DMSO. Contrary to it, the spectroscopic studies in both hydrogen-donor bond (HDB) and non-HBD solvents confirm that the presence of lactonic monoanion is atypical for the dye under study and, with high probability, also for the mother compound fluorescein.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tatyana A Cheipesh
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Kharkov V. Karazin National University, Kharkov 61022, Ukraine
| | - Sergey V Shekhovtsov
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Kharkov V. Karazin National University, Kharkov 61022, Ukraine
| | - Andrey N Redko
- Institute of Physico-Organic Chemistry and Coal Chemistry, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Donetsk 83114, Ukraine
| | - Vladimir I Rybachenko
- Institute of Physico-Organic Chemistry and Coal Chemistry, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Donetsk 83114, Ukraine
| | - Irina V Omelchenko
- Institute for Single Crystals, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Kharkov 61072, Ukraine
| | - Oleg V Shishkin
- Institute for Single Crystals, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Kharkov 61072, Ukraine
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28
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Czar MF, Jockusch RA. Sensitive probes of protein structure and dynamics in well-controlled environments: combining mass spectrometry with fluorescence spectroscopy. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2015; 34:123-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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29
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Horke DA, Chatterley AS, Bull JN, Verlet JRR. Time-Resolved Photodetachment Anisotropy: Gas-Phase Rotational and Vibrational Dynamics of the Fluorescein Anion. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:189-94. [PMID: 26263111 DOI: 10.1021/jz5022526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The photoelectron signal of the singly deprotonated fluorescein anion is found to be highly dependent on the relative polarization between pump and probe pulses, and time-resolved photodetachment anisotropy (TR-PA) is developed as a probe of the rotational dynamics of the chromophore. The total photoelectron signal shows both rotational and vibrational wavepacket dynamics, and we demonstrate how TR-PA can readily disentangle these dynamical processes. TR-PA in fluorescein presents specific opportunities for its development as a probe for rotational dynamics in large biomolecules as fluorescein derivatives are commonly incorporated in complex biomolecules and have been used extensively in time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy measurements, to which TR-PA is a gas-phase analogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Horke
- †Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Adam S Chatterley
- ‡Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - James N Bull
- §Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Jan R R Verlet
- §Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
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30
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Lebed AV, Biryukov AV, Mchedlov-Petrossyan NO. A Quantum-Chemical Study of Tautomeric Equilibria of Fluorescein Dyes in DMSO. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-014-1481-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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31
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Smith SE, Williams JM, Ando S, Koide K. Time-insensitive fluorescent sensor for human serum albumin and its unusual red shift. Anal Chem 2014; 86:2332-6. [PMID: 24527887 PMCID: PMC3983026 DOI: 10.1021/ac5001256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The concentration of human serum albumin (HSA) indicates the health state of individuals and is routinely measured by UV spectroscopy with bromocresol. However, this method tends to overestimate HSA, and more critically, depends highly on the timing, in seconds, of the measurements. Here, we report an analog of 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein that can be used as a fluorescent sensor to quantify HSA in human sera. The accuracy of this new method proved superior to that of bromocresol when an international standard serum sample was analyzed. This method is more convenient than the bromocresol method because it allows for fluorescence measurements during a >15 min period. Colorimetric analysis was also performed to further investigate the effects of the binding of the sensor to HSA. These spectroscopic studies suggest that absorption and emission changes upon HSA binding may be due to the dehydration of the dye and/or stabilization of the tritylic cation species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh , 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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32
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Greisch JF, Harding ME, Schäfer B, Rotter M, Ruben M, Klopper W, Kappes MM, Schooss D. Substitutional photoluminescence modulation in adducts of a europium chelate with a range of alkali metal cations: a gas-phase study. J Phys Chem A 2013; 118:94-102. [PMID: 24341518 DOI: 10.1021/jp4086624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We present gas-phase dispersed photoluminescence spectra of europium(III) 9-hydroxyphenalen-1-one (HPLN) complexes forming adducts with alkali metal ions ([Eu(PLN)3M](+) with M = Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs) confined in a quadrupole ion trap for study. The mass selected alkali metal cation adducts display a split hypersensitive (5)D0 → (7)F2 Eu(3+) emission band. One of the two emission components shows a linear dependence on the radius of the alkali metal cation whereas the other component displays a quadratic dependence thereon. In addition, the relative intensities of both components invert in the same order. The experimental results are interpreted with the support of density functional calculations and Judd-Ofelt theory, yielding also structural information on the isolated [Eu(PLN)3M](+) chromophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Francois Greisch
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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33
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Patil NT, Shinde VS, Thakare MS, Hemant Kumar P, Bangal PR, Barui AK, Patra CR. Exploiting the higher alkynophilicity of Au-species: development of a highly selective fluorescent probe for gold ions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 48:11229-31. [PMID: 23066526 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc35083a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A new approach, involving the anchoring-unanchoring of a fluorophore, has been developed for the detection of Au-species. The fluorescent probe was found to be highly selective for sensing gold species in the presence of several other metal ions. A successful application to bioimaging has also been demonstrated with A549 lung cancer cells.
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34
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Yao H, Jockusch RA. Fluorescence and Electronic Action Spectroscopy of Mass-Selected Gas-Phase Fluorescein, 2′,7′-Dichlorofluorescein, and 2′,7′-Difluorofluorescein Ions. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:1351-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp309767f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Yao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Rebecca A. Jockusch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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35
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Greisch JF, Harding ME, Kordel M, Klopper W, Kappes MM, Schooss D. Intrinsic fluorescence properties of rhodamine cations in gas-phase: triplet lifetimes and dispersed fluorescence spectra. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:8162-70. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp44362k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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36
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Horke DA, Chatterley AS, Verlet JRR. Effect of internal energy on the repulsive Coulomb barrier of polyanions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:083003. [PMID: 22463527 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.083003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The nature of the repulsive Coulomb barrier in isolated molecular polyanions is studied by means of the photodetachment dynamics of the S(1) excited state of the fluorescein dianion which is bound solely by the repulsive Coulomb barrier. Photoelectron spectra reveal a feature at a constant electron kinetic energy, regardless of the excitation energy. This is explained by using an adiabatic tunneling picture for electron loss through successive repulsive Coulomb barriers correlating to vibrationally excited states. This physical picture is supported by time-resolved photoelectron spectra, showing that the tunneling lifetime is also invariant with excitation energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Horke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, Durham, United Kingdom
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Balabin RM. Experimental thermodynamics of free glycine conformations: the first Raman experiment after twenty years of calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:99-103. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp20805e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Sarma M, Chatterjee T, Ghanta S, Das SK. D-π-A-A-π-D Prototype 2,2′-Bipyridine Dyads Exhibiting Large Structure and Environment-Sensitive Fluorescence: Synthesis, Photophysics, and Computation. J Org Chem 2011; 77:432-44. [DOI: 10.1021/jo202015m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monima Sarma
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Central University P.O., Hyderabad
500 046, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Tanmay Chatterjee
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Central University P.O., Hyderabad
500 046, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Susanta Ghanta
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Central University P.O., Hyderabad
500 046, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Samar K. Das
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Central University P.O., Hyderabad
500 046, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Yao H, Steill JD, Oomens J, Jockusch RA. Infrared Multiple Photon Dissociation Action Spectroscopy and Computational Studies of Mass-Selected Gas-Phase Fluorescein and 2′,7′-Dichlorofluorescein Ions. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:9739-47. [DOI: 10.1021/jp201946a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Yao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Jeffrey D. Steill
- FOM Institute for Plasma Physics “Rijnhuizen”, Edisonbaan 14, 3439 Mn Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Oomens
- FOM Institute for Plasma Physics “Rijnhuizen”, Edisonbaan 14, 3439 Mn Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
- University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rebecca A. Jockusch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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