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Huang KH, Liu HH, Cheng KY, Tsai CL, Cheng YJ. Sequence-controlled alternating block polychalcogenophenes: synthesis, structural characterization, molecular properties, and transistors for bromine detection. Chem Sci 2023; 14:8552-8563. [PMID: 37592995 PMCID: PMC10430600 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02289g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sequence-controlled polychalcogenophenes have attracted much interest in terms of synthesis, structure and function in polymer science. For the first time, we developed a new class of alternating block conjugated copolymers denoted as poly(alt-AB)x-b-(alt-AC)y where both blocks are constituted by an alternating copolymer. 3-Hexylthiophene (S), 3-hexylselenophene (Se) and 3-hexyltellurophene (Te) are used as A, B and C units to assemble three sequence-controlled polychalcogenophenes P(SSe)b(STe), P(SSe)b(SeTe) and P(STe)b(SeTe) which are prepared by adding two different Grignard monomers in sequence to carry out Ni(dppp)Cl2-catalyzed Kumada polymerization. The molecular weight, dispersity, and length of each block (x = y) and main-chain sequence can be synthetically controlled via the catalyst transfer polycondensation mechanism. The polymer structures, i.e. alternating block main chain with high side-chain regioregularity, are unambiguously confirmed by 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. The optical and electrochemical properties of the polymers can be systematically fine-tuned by the composition and ratio of the chalcogenophenes. From GIWAXS measurements, all the polymers exhibited predominantly edge-on orientations, indicating that the packing behaviors of the alternating block polychalcogenophenes with high regioregularity are inherited from the highly crystalline P3HT. P(SSe)b(STe) exhibited a hole OFET mobility of 1.4 × 10-2 cm2 V-1 s-1, which represents one of the highest values among the tellurophene-containing polychalcogenophenes. The tellurophene units in the polymers can undergo Br2 addition to form the oxidized TeBr2 species which results in dramatically red-shifted absorption due to the alternating arrangement to induce strong charge transfer character. The OFET devices using the tellurophene-containing polychalcogenophenes can be applied for Br2 detection, showing high sensitivity, selectivity and reversibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Hsiu Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University 1001 University Road Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan China
| | - Huai-Hsuan Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University 1001 University Road Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan China
| | - Kuang-Yi Cheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University 1001 University Road Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan China
| | - Chia-Lin Tsai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University 1001 University Road Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan China
| | - Yen-Ju Cheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University 1001 University Road Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan China
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Chiao Tung University 1001 University Road Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan China
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2
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Ye S, Lotocki V, Xu H, Seferos DS. Group 16 conjugated polymers based on furan, thiophene, selenophene, and tellurophene. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:6442-6474. [PMID: 35843215 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00139j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Five-membered aromatic rings containing Group 16 elements (O, S, Se, and Te), also referred as chalcogenophenes, are ubiquitous building blocks for π-conjugated polymers (CPs). Among these, polythiophenes have been established as a model system to study the interplay between molecular structure, solid-state organization, and electronic performance. The judicious substitution of alternative heteroatoms into polythiophenes is a promising strategy for tuning their properties and improving the performance of derived organic electronic devices, thus leading to the recent abundance of CPs containing furan, selenophene, and tellurophene. In this review, we first discuss the current status of Kumada, Negishi, Murahashi, Suzuki-Miyaura, and direct arylation polymerizations, representing the best routes to access well-defined chalcogenophene-containing homopolymers and copolymers. The self-assembly, optical, solid-state, and electronic properties of these polymers and their influence on device performance are then summarized. In addition, we highlight post-polymerization modifications as effective methods to transform polychalcogenophene backbones or side chains in ways that are unobtainable by direct polymerization. Finally, the major challenges and future outlook in this field are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyang Ye
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | - Victor Lotocki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | - Dwight S Seferos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada. .,Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
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3
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Cheng S, Zhao R, Seferos DS. Precision Synthesis of Conjugated Polymers Using the Kumada Methodology. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:4203-4214. [PMID: 34726058 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of conductive poly(acetylene), the study of conjugated polymers has remained an active and interdisciplinary frontier between polymer chemistry, polymer physics, computation, and device engineering. One of the ultimate goals of polymer science is to reliably synthesize structures, similar to small molecule synthesis. Kumada catalyst-transfer polymerization (KCTP) is a powerful tool for synthesizing conjugated polymers with predictable molecular weights, narrow dispersities, specific end groups, and complex backbone architectures. However, expanding the monomer scope beyond the well-studied 3-alkylthiophenes to include electron-deficient and complex heterocycles has been difficult. Revisiting the successful applications of KCTP can help us gain new insight into the CTP mechanisms and thus inspire breakthroughs in the controlled polymerization of challenging π-conjugated monomers.In this Account, we highlight our efforts over the past decade to achieve controlled synthesis of homopolymers (p-type and n-type), copolymers (diblock and statistical), and monodisperse high oligomers. We first give a brief introduction of the mechanism and state-of-the-art of KCTP. Since the extent of polymerization control is determined by steric and electronic effects of both the catalyst and monomer, the polymerization can be optimized by modifying monomer and catalyst structures, as well as finding a well-matched monomer-catalyst system. We discuss the effects of side-chain steric hindrance and halogens in the context of heavy atom substituted monomers. By moving the side-chain branch point one carbon atom away from the heterocycle to alleviate steric crowding and stabilize the catalyst resting state, we were able to successfully control the polymerization of new tellurophene monomers. Inspired by innocent role of the sterically encumbered 2-transmetalated 3-alkylthiophene monomer, we introduce the treatment of hygroscopic monomers with a bulky Grignard compound as a water-scavenger for the improved synthesis of water-soluble conjugated polymers. For challenging electron-deficient monomers, we discuss the design of new Ni(II)diimine catalysts with electron-donating character which enhance the stability of the association complex between the catalyst and the growing polymer chain, resulting in the quasi-living synthesis of n-type polymers. Beyond n-type homopolymers, the Ni(II)diimine catalysts are also capable of producing electron-rich and electron-deficient diblock and statistical copolymers. We discuss how density functional theory (DFT) calculations elucidate the role of catalyst steric and electronic effects in controlling the synthesis of π-conjugated polymers. Moreover, we demonstrate the synthesis of monodisperse high oligomers by temperature cycling, which takes full advantage of the unique character of KCTP in that it proceeds through distinct intermediates that are not reactive. The insight we gained thus far leads to the first example of isolated living conjugated polymer chains prepared by a standard KCTP procedure, with general applicability to different monomers and catalytic systems. In summarizing a decade of innovation in KCTP, we hope this Account will inspire future development in the field to overcome key challenges including the controlled synthesis of electron-deficient heterocycles, complex and high-performance systems, and degradable and recyclable materials as well as cutting-edge catalyst design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Ruyan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Dwight S. Seferos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
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4
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Hicks GEJ, Li S, Obhi NK, Jarrett-Wilkins CN, Seferos DS. Programmable Assembly of π-Conjugated Polymers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2006287. [PMID: 34085725 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
π-Conjugated polymers have numerous applications due to their advantageous optoelectronic and mechanical properties. These properties depend intrinsically on polymer ordering, including crystallinity, orientation, morphology, domain size, and π-π interactions. Programming, or deliberately controlling the composition and ordering of π-conjugated polymers by well-defined inputs, is a key facet in the development of organic electronics. Here, π-conjugated programming is described at each stage of material development, stressing the links between each programming mode. Covalent programming is performed during polymer synthesis such that complex architectures can be constructed, which direct polymer assembly by governing polymer orientation, π-π interactions, and morphological length-scales. Solution programming is performed in a solvated state as polymers dissolve, aggregate, crystallize, or react in solution. Solid-state programming occurs in the solid state and is governed by polymer crystallization, domain segregation, or gelation. Recent progress in programming across these stages is examined, highlighting order-dependent features and assembly techniques that are unique to π-conjugated polymers. This should serve as a guide for delineating the many ways of directing π-conjugated polymer assembly to control ordering, structure, and function, enabling the further development of organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garion E J Hicks
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Sheng Li
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Nimrat K Obhi
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Charles N Jarrett-Wilkins
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Dwight S Seferos
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
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5
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Sachinthani KAN, Panchuk JR, Wang Y, Zhu T, Sargent EH, Seferos DS. Thiophene- and selenophene-based conjugated polymeric mixed ionic/electronic conductors. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:134704. [PMID: 34624982 DOI: 10.1063/5.0064858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mixed ionic/electronic conductors (MIECs) are desirable materials for next-generation electronic devices and energy storage applications. Polymeric MIECs are attractive from the standpoint that their structure can be controlled and anticipated to have mechanically robust properties. Here, we prepare and investigate conjugated copolymers containing thiophene and selenophene repeat units and their homopolymer counterparts. Specifically, thiophene bearing a triethylene glycol (EG3) side chain was polymerized and copolymerized with dodecyl thiophene/selenophene monomers. The synthesis leads to a class of copolymers that contain either S or Se and are blocky in nature. The Li-ion conductivity of ionically doped copolymers, P3DDT-s-P3(EG3)T and P3DDS-s-P3(EG3)T (9.7 × 10-6 and 8.2 × 10-6 S/cm, respectively), was 3-4 fold higher than that of the ionically doped constituent homopolymer, P3(EG3)T (2.2 × 10-6 S/cm), at ambient conditions. The electronic conductivity of the oxidatively doped copolymers was significantly higher than that of the constituent homopolymer P3(EG3)T, and most notably, P3DDS-s-P3(EG3)T reached ∼7 S/cm, which is the same order of magnitude as poly(3-dodecylthiophene) and poly(3-dodecylselenophene), which are the highest oxidatively doped conductors based on control experiments. Our findings provide implications for designing new MIECs based on copolymerization and the incorporation of heavy atom heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Niradha Sachinthani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Jenny R Panchuk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Yuhang Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Tong Zhu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Edward H Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Dwight S Seferos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
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6
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Foyle LDP, Hicks GEJ, Pollit AA, Seferos DS. Polyacetylene Revisited: A Computational Study of the Molecular Engineering of N-type Polyacetylene. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:7745-7751. [PMID: 34369780 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The development of stable and highly conductive polymers, particularly n-type materials, remains an outstanding challenge in organic electronics. N-doped polyacetylene has long been studied as a highly conductive organic n-type material but suffers from extremely poor stability. Herein, we use DFT to model a series of n-doped polyacetylene derivatives, which have been functionalized with a range of electron-withdrawing substituents, with the goal of identifying attractive candidates for synthesis. We analyze the predicted molecular orbital energies, polymer planarity, and delocalization of charge carriers along the polymer backbone. In so doing, we develop key insights about the ideal substituents for both stable and highly conductive polyacetylene derivatives. This work will inform the modern synthesis and development of new polyacetylene derivatives. Beyond this, the work identifies a variety of new materials that have not yet been synthesized and should be good candidates for emerging optoelectronic applications including soft thermoelectrics, bioelectronics, and flexible device technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam D P Foyle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Garion E J Hicks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Adam A Pollit
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Dwight S Seferos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
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7
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Chen S, Li L, Zhai D, Yin Y, Shang X, Ni B, Peng J. Cocrystallization-Promoted Charge Mobility in All-Conjugated Diblock Copolymers for High-Performance Field-Effect Transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:58094-58104. [PMID: 33334099 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The cocrystallization method that combines various constituents into cocrystals yields the newly formed materials with significantly enhanced charge transport properties. However, this strategy has not been greatly utilized in all-conjugated block copolymers (BCPs). Herein, we scrutinize the relationship between cocrystals and charge mobilities in all-conjugated BCPs (i.e., poly(3-butylthiophene)-block-poly(3-hexylthiophene); denoted P3BT-b-P3HT) by tuning their molecular weights and thermal annealing process. All the rod-rod BCPs form cocrystals with high charge mobilities than P3BT and P3HT homopolymers and P3BT/P3HT blend, imparting the cocrystal-facilitated charge transport because of the synergy of two conjugated components. Upon 150 °C treatment, their crystallinities increase and their charge mobilities at 15k, 18k, and 28k increase slightly. In contrast, P3BT-b-P3HT-12k shows decreased charge mobilities. It is due to the preferential increase of crystal size and order through the π-π stacking direction in the former while through the alkyl stacking direction in the latter. Intriguingly, when these P3BT-b-P3HT cocrystals experience two-step thermal treatment, P3BT-b-P3HT-12k retains its cocrystalline structure, while microphase separation of P3BT and P3HT occurs in P3BT-b-P3HT-15k, 18k, and 28k with different degrees. All P3BT-b-P3HT BCPs exhibit decreased charge mobilities. This study demonstrates the cocrystallization-promoted charge mobility in all-conjugated BCPs, which may facilitate their application in a wide range of optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Lixin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Dalong Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yue Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xin Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Bijun Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Juan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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8
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Shang X, Yin Y, Chen S, Zhu M, Zhai D, Liu X, Peng J. Unravelling the Correlation between Microphase Separation and Cocrystallization in Thiophene-Selenophene Block Copolymers for Organic Field-Effect Transistors. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Yue Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Shuwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Mingjing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Dalong Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Juan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
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9
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Liu HH, Liang WW, Lai YY, Su YC, Yang HR, Cheng KY, Huang SC, Cheng YJ. Synthesis of side-chain regioregular and main-chain alternating poly(bichalcogenophene)s and an ABC-type periodic poly(terchalcogenophene). Chem Sci 2020; 11:3836-3844. [PMID: 34122851 PMCID: PMC8152668 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc00404a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Three unsymmetrical diiodobichalcogenophenes SSeI2, STeI2, and SeTeI2 and a diiodoterchalcogenophene SSeTeI2 were prepared. Grignard metathesis of SSeI2, STeI2, SeTeI2, and SSeTeI2 occurred regioselectively at the lighter chalcogenophene site because of its relatively lower electron density and less steric bulk. Nickel-catalyzed Kumada catalyst-transfer polycondensation of these Mg species provided a new class of side-chain regioregular and main-chain AB-type alternating poly(bichalcogenophene)s-PSSe, PSTe, and PSeTe-through a chain-growth mechanism. The ring-walking of the Ni catalyst from the lighter to the heavier chalcogenophene facilitated subsequent oxidative addition, thereby suppressing the possibility of chain-transfer or chain-termination. More significantly, the Ni catalyst could walk over the distance of three rings (ca. 1 nm)-from a thiophene unit via a selenophene unit to a tellurophene unit-to form PSSeTe, the first ABC-type regioregular and periodic poly(terchalcogenophene) comprising three different types of 3-hexylchalcogenophenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai-Hsuan Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University 1001 University Road Hsin-Chu Taiwan
| | - Wei-Wei Liang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University 1001 University Road Hsin-Chu Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ying Lai
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chen Su
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University 1001 University Road Hsin-Chu Taiwan
| | - Hau-Ren Yang
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Yi Cheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University 1001 University Road Hsin-Chu Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Cih Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University 1001 University Road Hsin-Chu Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ju Cheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University 1001 University Road Hsin-Chu Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Chiao Tung University 1001 University Road Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan
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10
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Pahlavanlu P, Seferos DS. Navigating the chalcogens: Sulfur substitution for n-type organic materials. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2019.1602625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paniz Pahlavanlu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dwight S. Seferos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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11
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Kaake LG. Towards the Organic Double Heterojunction Solar Cell. CHEM REC 2019; 19:1131-1141. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Loren G. Kaake
- Department of ChemistrySimon Fraser University 8888 University Dr. Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6 Canada
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12
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Manion JG, Panchuk JR, Seferos DS. Applying Heteroatom Substitution in Organic Photovoltaics. CHEM REC 2019; 19:1113-1122. [PMID: 30793821 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Poly(3-alkylthiophene) (P3AT) has been a central focus of research on organic photovoltaics (OPVs) for well over a decade. Due to their controlled synthesis P3ATs have proven to be a vital model system for developing an understanding of the effects of polymer structure on optoelectronic properties and blend morphology in bulk heterojunction OPVs. Similar to their thiophene counterparts, selenophene and tellurophene can be polymerized in a controlled manner. As single atom substitution results in significant differences in absorption, charge transport and self-assembly these model systems provide a unique opportunity to probe fundamental structure-property relationships. In this account, we provide an overview of our work on copolymers of thiophene and selenophene and examine how the optoelectronic and morphological behavior of these materials can be strategically adjusted through polymer design. We also highlight recent developments on poly(3-alkyltellurophene) and comment on its future in fundamental and applied studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph G Manion
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, CAN M5S 3H6
| | - Jenny R Panchuk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, CAN M5S 3H6
| | - Dwight S Seferos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, CAN M5S 3H6
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, ON, CAN M5S 3E5
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13
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Kynaston EL, Winchell KJ, Yee PY, Manion JG, Hendsbee AD, Li Y, Huettner S, Tolbert SH, Seferos DS. Poly(3-alkylthiophene)- block-poly(3-alkylselenophene)s: Conjugated Diblock Co-polymers with Atypical Self-Assembly Behavior. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:7174-7183. [PMID: 30720263 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b18795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Understanding self-assembly behavior and resulting morphologies in block co-polymer films is an essential aspect of chemistry and materials science. Although the self-assembly of amorphous coil-coil block co-polymers is relatively well understood, that of semicrystalline block co-polymers where each block has distinct crystallization properties remains unclear. Here, we report a detailed study to elucidate the rich self-assembly behavior of conjugated thiophene-selenophene (P3AT- b-P3AS) block co-polymers. Using a combination of microscopy and synchrotron-based X-ray techniques, we show that three different film morphologies, denoted as lamellae, co-crystallized fibers, and patchy fibers, arise from the self-assembly of these block co-polymers over a relatively narrow range of overall degrees of polymerization (30 < N < 90). Crystallization-driven phase separation occurs at a very low N (<35), and lamellar films are formed. Conversely, at medium N (50-60) and high N (>80), the thiophene and selenophene blocks co-crystallize into nanofibers, where medium N leads to much more mixing than high N. The overall tendency for phase separation in these systems follows rather different trends than phase separation in amorphous polymers in that we observe the greatest degree of phase separation at the lowest N. Finally, we demonstrate how each morphology influences transport properties in organic thin-film transistors comprised of these conjugated polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Kynaston
- Lash Miller Chemical Labs , 80 St. George Street , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3H6 , Canada
| | - K J Winchell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095-1569 , United States
| | - Patrick Y Yee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095-1569 , United States
| | - Joseph G Manion
- Lash Miller Chemical Labs , 80 St. George Street , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3H6 , Canada
| | - Arthur D Hendsbee
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Waterloo , Waterloo , Ontario N2L 3G1 , Canada
| | - Yuning Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Waterloo , Waterloo , Ontario N2L 3G1 , Canada
| | - Sven Huettner
- Department of Chemistry , Universität Bayreuth , Universitätsstrasse 30 , 95447 Bayreuth , Germany
| | - Sarah H Tolbert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095-1569 , United States
| | - Dwight S Seferos
- Lash Miller Chemical Labs , 80 St. George Street , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3H6 , Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry , University of Toronto , 200 College Street , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3E5 , Canada
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14
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Kim JS, Choi JE, Park H, Kim Y, Kim HJ, Han J, Shin JM, Kim BJ. Synthesis and crystallization behavior of regioregular-block-regiorandom poly(3-hexylthiophene) copolymers. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01545g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Regioregular–regiorandom poly(3-hexylthiophene) copolymers, synthesized by chain-transfer polycondensation, show strong crystallinity due to their one-sided distribution of regiodefects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Seong Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon 34141
- Korea
| | - Jee-Eun Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon 34141
- Korea
| | - Hyeonjung Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon 34141
- Korea
| | - Youngkwon Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon 34141
- Korea
| | - Hyeong Jun Kim
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Massachusetts
- Amherst
- USA
| | - Junghun Han
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon 34141
- Korea
| | - Jae Man Shin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon 34141
- Korea
| | - Bumjoon J. Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon 34141
- Korea
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15
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Paisley NR, Tonge CM, Sauvé ER, Halldorson SV, Hudson ZM. Synthesis of polymeric organic semiconductors using semifluorinated polymer precursors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan R. Paisley
- Department of ChemistryThe University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Christopher M. Tonge
- Department of ChemistryThe University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Ethan R. Sauvé
- Department of ChemistryThe University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Sarah V. Halldorson
- Department of ChemistryThe University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Zachary M. Hudson
- Department of ChemistryThe University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada
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16
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Preise des Chemical Institute of Canada und der Canadian Society for Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201703739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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17
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Chemical Institute of Canada and Canadian Society for Chemistry Awards. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:5975-5977. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201703739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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