1
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Wu F, Tang C, Li X, Li N, Liu M, Li D, Dai R, Shen X, Zhai H. Metal-free iodination of arylaldehydes for total synthesis of aristogins A-F and hernandial. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:4667-4671. [PMID: 38804830 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00603h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Iodine is one of the most effective sources for iodination of aromatic compounds; however, its electrophilicity is insufficient for direct iodination. The selection of appropriate environmentally friendly and cost-effective oxidants in combination with iodine for the iodination of aromatic rings, along with its application in the synthesis of natural products, holds significant importance. A highly efficient method utilizing I(III) as the initiator has been successfully developed for monoiodination of arylaldehydes. The method demonstrates good compatibility with a wide range of (hetero)aromatic aldehydes, resulting in moderate to excellent yields, without the need for any toxic, volatile or explosive reagents. The synthesis of seven natural products, namely aristogins A-F and hernandial, was achieved through this iodination followed by Ullmann-type coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fufang Wu
- Biomass Oligosaccharides Engineering Technology Research Center of Anhui Province, Engineering Research Center of Biomass Conversion and Pollution Prevention of Anhui Educational Institutions, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, China.
| | - Chunmei Tang
- Biomass Oligosaccharides Engineering Technology Research Center of Anhui Province, Engineering Research Center of Biomass Conversion and Pollution Prevention of Anhui Educational Institutions, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, China.
| | - Xuejian Li
- Biomass Oligosaccharides Engineering Technology Research Center of Anhui Province, Engineering Research Center of Biomass Conversion and Pollution Prevention of Anhui Educational Institutions, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, China.
| | - Nan Li
- Biomass Oligosaccharides Engineering Technology Research Center of Anhui Province, Engineering Research Center of Biomass Conversion and Pollution Prevention of Anhui Educational Institutions, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, China.
| | - Miao Liu
- Biomass Oligosaccharides Engineering Technology Research Center of Anhui Province, Engineering Research Center of Biomass Conversion and Pollution Prevention of Anhui Educational Institutions, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, China.
| | - Danqin Li
- Biomass Oligosaccharides Engineering Technology Research Center of Anhui Province, Engineering Research Center of Biomass Conversion and Pollution Prevention of Anhui Educational Institutions, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, China.
| | - Rongrong Dai
- Biomass Oligosaccharides Engineering Technology Research Center of Anhui Province, Engineering Research Center of Biomass Conversion and Pollution Prevention of Anhui Educational Institutions, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, China.
| | - Xiaobao Shen
- Biomass Oligosaccharides Engineering Technology Research Center of Anhui Province, Engineering Research Center of Biomass Conversion and Pollution Prevention of Anhui Educational Institutions, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, China.
| | - Hongbin Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nano Drug Slow-Release, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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2
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Zhang J, Huan XD, Wang X, Li GQ, Xiao WJ, Chen JR. Recent advances in C(sp 3)-N bond formation via metallaphoto-redox catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024. [PMID: 38832416 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01969e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The C(sp3)-N bond is ubiquitous in natural products, pharmaceuticals, biologically active molecules and functional materials. Consequently, the development of practical and efficient methods for C(sp3)-N bond formation has attracted more and more attention. Compared to the conventional ionic pathway-based thermal methods, photochemical processes that proceed through radical mechanisms by merging photoredox and transition-metal catalyses have emerged as powerful and alternative tools for C(sp3)-N bond formation. In this review, recent advances in the burgeoning field of C(sp3)-N bond formation via metallaphotoredox catalysis have been highlighted. The contents of this review are categorized according to the transition metals used (copper, nickel, cobalt, palladium, and iron) together with photocatalysis. Emphasis is placed on methodology achievements and mechanistic insight, aiming to inspire chemists to invent more efficient radical-involved C(sp3)-N bond-forming reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
| | - Xiao-Die Huan
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
| | - Guo-Qing Li
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China.
| | - Wen-Jing Xiao
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China.
| | - Jia-Rong Chen
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China.
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3
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Liu W, Jin X, Ma D. Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Heteroaryl Halides with Thiols. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38825771 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
The nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) between heteroaryl halides (Cl, Br) and thiols proceeds smoothly in DMAc under the action of K2CO3 at rt-100 °C. For most electron-deficient heteroarenes, reaction takes place without introducing an additional electron-withdrawing group. For electron-rich heteroarenes, an additional electron-withdrawing group such as a simple ester, keto, cyano, and nitro group is required to ensure the reaction completes. The reactivity trend of heteroaryl halides is highly dependent on the electronic nature of the heteroarenes and orientation of halogens. Besides thiols, a couple of functionalized thioureas and thioamides are compatible with these conditions, providing the corresponding heteroaryl thioethers in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Lu, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xinghao Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dawei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
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4
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Talukdar V, Mondal K, Halder P, Das P. Ullmann-Type N-, S-, and O-Arylation Using a Well-Defined 7-Azaindole- N-oxide (7-AINO)-Based Copper(II) Catalyst: Scope and Application to Drug Synthesis. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38773695 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
An air-stable, robust, and well-defined copper(II)-7-azaindole-N-oxide-based catalyst [Cu2II(7-AINO)4] (abbreviated as Cu(II)-7-AINO) has been demonstrated as an efficient catalyst for various Ullmann-type coupling reactions. This easily prepared and cost-effective catalyst facilitates the arylation and heteroarylation of diverse N-, S-, and O-nucleophiles, including azoles, aminoazoles, (hetero)arylthiols, and phenols. Notably, they also exhibit substantial compatibility with a wide range of functional groups. Furthermore, the catalyst demonstrates significant selectivity for -NH sites of aminoazoles and -SH sites of aminothiophenols over -NH2 sites in both cases, enhancing its versatility. Exploiting the catalyst's chemo- and regioselective properties, we have successfully demonstrated the applicability of our methodology in synthesizing various drug molecules. Specifically, Epirizole analogue, Nilotinib, and Vortioxetine were successfully synthesized using our protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Talukdar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad 826004, India
| | - Krishanu Mondal
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad 826004, India
| | - Pallabi Halder
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad 826004, India
| | - Parthasarathi Das
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad 826004, India
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5
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Ghosh A, Sagadevan A, Murugesan K, Nastase SAF, Maity B, Bodiuzzaman M, Shkurenko A, Hedhili MN, Yin J, Mohammed OF, Eddaoudi M, Cavallo L, Rueping M, Bakr OM. Multiple neighboring active sites of an atomically precise copper nanocluster catalyst for efficient bond-forming reactions. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:2494-2505. [PMID: 38477151 DOI: 10.1039/d4mh00098f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Atomically precise copper nanoclusters (NCs) are an emerging class of nanomaterials for catalysis. Their versatile core-shell architecture opens the possibility of tailoring their catalytically active sites. Here, we introduce a core-shell copper nanocluster (CuNC), [Cu29(StBu)13Cl5(PPh3)4H10]tBuSO3 (StBu: tert-butylthiol; PPh3: triphenylphosphine), Cu29NC, with multiple accessible active sites on its shell. We show that this nanocluster is a versatile catalyst for C-heteroatom bond formation (C-O, C-N, and C-S) with several advantages over previous Cu systems. When supported, the cluster can also be reused as a heterogeneous catalyst without losing its efficiency, making it a hybrid homogeneous and heterogeneous catalyst. We elucidated the atomic-level mechanism of the catalysis using density functional theory (DFT) calculations based on the single crystal structure. We found that the cooperative action of multiple neighboring active sites is essential for the catalyst's efficiency. The calculations also revealed that oxidative addition is the rate-limiting step that is facilitated by the neighboring active sites of the Cu29NC, which highlights a unique advantage of nanoclusters over traditional copper catalysts. Our results demonstrate the potential of nanoclusters for enabling the rational atomically precise design and investigation of multi-site catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanu Ghosh
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Arunachalam Sagadevan
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Kathiravan Murugesan
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Stefan Adrian F Nastase
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Bholanath Maity
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammad Bodiuzzaman
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Aleksander Shkurenko
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center (AMPMC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Nejib Hedhili
- Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Omar F Mohammed
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center (AMPMC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Eddaoudi
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center (AMPMC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Magnus Rueping
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Osman M Bakr
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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6
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Ghosh S, Khandelia T, Mahadevan A, Panigrahi P, Kumar P, Mandal R, Boruah D, Venkataramani S, Patel BK. Photo-Induced Generation of Oxygenated Quaternary Centers via EnT Enabled Singlet O 2 Addition to C3-Maleimidated Quinoxaline: A Reagent-Less Approach. Chemistry 2024:e202400219. [PMID: 38717037 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Demonstrated here is an external photo-sensitizer-free (auto-sensitized) singlet oxygen-enabled solvent-dependent tertiary hydroxylation and aryl-alkyl spiro-etherification of C3-maleimidated quinoxalines. Such "reagent-less" photo-oxygenation at Csp3-H and etherification involving Csp3-H/Csp2-H are unparalleled. Possibly, the highly π-conjugated N-H tautomer allows the substrate to get excited by irradiation, and subsequently, it attains the triplet state via ISC. This excited triplet-state sensitized molecule then transfers its energy to a triplet-state oxygen (3O2) generating reactive singlet oxygen (1O2) for hydroxylation and spirocyclization depending on the solvent used. In HFIP, the generated alkoxy radical accepts a proton via HAT giving hydroxylated product. In contrast, in an aprotic PhCl it underwent a radical addition at the ortho-position of the C2 aryl to provide spiro-ether. An unprecedented orthogonal spiro-etherification was observed via the displacement of o-substitutents for ortho (-OEt, -OMe, -F, -Cl, -Br) substituted substrates. The order of ipso substitution follows the trend -OMe>-OEt>-F>-H>-Cl>-Br. Both these oxygenation reactions can be carried out with nearly equal ease using direct sunlight without the requirement of any elaborate reaction setup. Demonstration of large-scale synthesis and a few interesting transformations have also been realized. Furthermore, several insightful control experiments and quantum chemical computations were performed to unravel the mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhendu Ghosh
- Department of chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, India
| | - Tamanna Khandelia
- Department of chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, India
| | - Anjali Mahadevan
- Department of chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Manauli, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Pritishree Panigrahi
- Department of chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, India
| | - Piyush Kumar
- Department of chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Manauli, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Raju Mandal
- Department of chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, India
| | - Deepjyoti Boruah
- Department of chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, India
| | - Sugumar Venkataramani
- Department of chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Manauli, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Bhisma K Patel
- Department of chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, India
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7
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Cook A, Newman SG. Alcohols as Substrates in Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Arylation, Alkylation, and Related Reactions. Chem Rev 2024; 124:6078-6144. [PMID: 38630862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Alcohols are abundant and attractive feedstock molecules for organic synthesis. Many methods for their functionalization require them to first be converted into a more activated derivative, while recent years have seen a vast increase in the number of complexity-building transformations that directly harness unprotected alcohols. This Review discusses how transition metal catalysis can be used toward this goal. These transformations are broadly classified into three categories. Deoxygenative functionalizations, representing derivatization of the C-O bond, enable the alcohol to act as a leaving group toward the formation of new C-C bonds. Etherifications, characterized by derivatization of the O-H bond, represent classical reactivity that has been modernized to include mild reaction conditions, diverse reaction partners, and high selectivities. Lastly, chain functionalization reactions are described, wherein the alcohol group acts as a mediator in formal C-H functionalization reactions of the alkyl backbone. Each of these three classes of transformation will be discussed in context of intermolecular arylation, alkylation, and related reactions, illustrating how catalysis can enable alcohols to be directly harnessed for organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Cook
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Stephen G Newman
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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8
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Strauss MJ, Greaves ME, Kim ST, Teijaro CN, Schmidt MA, Scola PM, Buchwald SL. Room-Temperature Copper-Catalyzed Etherification of Aryl Bromides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400333. [PMID: 38359082 PMCID: PMC11045308 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
We disclose the development of a Cu-catalyzed C-O coupling method utilizing a new N1,N2-diarylbenzene-1,2-diamine ligand, L8. Under optimized reaction conditions, structurally diverse aryl and heteroaryl bromides underwent efficient coupling with a variety of alcohols at room temperature using an L8-based catalyst. Notably, the L8-derived catalyst exhibited enhanced activity when compared to the L4-based system previously disclosed for C-N coupling, namely the ability to functionalize aryl bromides containing acidic functional groups. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that C-O coupling utilizing L8 ⋅ Cu involves rate-limiting alkoxide transmetallation, resulting in a mechanism of C-O bond formation that is distinct from previously described Pd-, Cu-, or Ni-based systems. This lower energy pathway leads to rapid C-O bond formation; a 7-fold increase relative to what is seen with other ligands. The results presented in this report overcome limitations in previously described C-O coupling methods and introduce a new ligand that we anticipate may be useful in other Cu-catalyzed C-heteroatom bond-forming reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Strauss
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
| | - Megan E Greaves
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
| | - Seoung-Tae Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
| | - Christiana N Teijaro
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Rt. 206 and Province Line Rd., Princeton, NJ 08543, United States of America
| | - Michael A Schmidt
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Dr., New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States of America
| | - Paul M Scola
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 250 Water St., Cambridge, MA 02141, United States of America
| | - Stephen L Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
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9
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Li S, Ma D. CuI/Oxalamide-Catalyzed Coupling Reaction of (Hetero)aryl Halides with Sodium Nitrite. J Org Chem 2024; 89:6626-6630. [PMID: 38648260 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The N,N'-bis(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)oxalamide (BTMO) was found to be an effective ligand for Cu-catalyzed ipso-nitration of (hetero)aryl halides (Br, I), making the coupling reaction with sodium nitrite proceed smoothly at 100-120 °C with 1-5 mol % CuI and BTMO. Electron-rich substrates were the best coupling partners to give the desired coupling products in good to excellent yields at 100 °C. Electron-neutral substrates required heating at 120 °C to get complete conversion, while rather low conversions were observed in the case of electron-poor (hetero)aryl bromides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sailuo Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Dawei Ma
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
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10
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Duan Y, Luo S. Phase-Transfer Catalysis for Electrochemical Chlorination and Nitration of Arenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319206. [PMID: 38389503 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
A biphasic anodic oxidation method for aromatic halogenation process was developed, where aqueous metal salts were directly used as halogen source. Ammonium salts serve as both electrolytes and phase transfer catalysis to facilitate anion transport and oxidative transformation. This design allows for chlorination or nitration of multiple types of arenes using NaCl or KNO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingdong Duan
- Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Sanzhong Luo
- Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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11
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Ghosh D, Samal AK, Parida A, Ikbal M, Jana A, Jana R, Sahu PK, Giri S, Samanta S. Progress in Electrochemically Empowered C-O Bond Formation: Unveiling the Pathway of Efficient Green Synthesis. Chem Asian J 2024:e202400116. [PMID: 38584137 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
(C-X) bonds (X=C, N, O) are the main backbone for making different skeleton in the organic synthetic transformations. Among all the sustainable techniques, electro-organic synthesis for C-X bond formation is the advanced tool as it offers a greener and more cost-effective approach to chemical reactions by utilizing electrons as reagents. In this review, we want to explore the recent advancements in electrochemical C-O bond formation. The electrochemically driven C-O bond formation represents an emerging and exciting area of research. In this context, electrochemical techniques offers numerous advantages, including higher yields, cost-efficient production, and simplified work-up procedures. This method enables the continuous and consistent formation of C-O bonds in molecules, significantly enhancing overall reaction yields. Furthermore, both intramolecular and intermolecular C-O bond forming reaction provided valuable products of O-containing acyclic/cyclic analogue. Hence, carbonyl (C=O), ether -O-), and ester (-COOR) functionalization in both cyclic/acyclic analogues have been prepared continuously via this innovative pathway. In this context, we want to discuss one-decade electrochemical synthetic pathways of various C-O bond contains functional group in chronological manner. This review focused on all the synthetic aspects including mechanistic path and has also mentioned overall critical finding regarding the C-O bond formation via electrochemical pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debosmit Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Bidhannagar College, Kolkata, 700064, India
| | - Aroop Kumar Samal
- Department of Chemistry, C.V. Raman Global UniversityInstitution, Bhubaneswar, 752054, India
| | - Anita Parida
- Department of Chemistry, C.V. Raman Global UniversityInstitution, Bhubaneswar, 752054, India
| | - Mohammed Ikbal
- Department of Chemistry, Berhampore Girls' College, Berhampore, 742101, India
| | - Akash Jana
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Kolkata, Mohanpur741246, India
| | - Rathin Jana
- Department of Chemistry, Shahid Matangini Hazra Govt. General Degree College for women, West Bengal, India
| | - Pradeepta Kumar Sahu
- Department of Chemistry, C.V. Raman Global UniversityInstitution, Bhubaneswar, 752054, India
| | - Soumen Giri
- Department of Chemistry, C.V. Raman Global UniversityInstitution, Bhubaneswar, 752054, India
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12
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Wu Y, Yang B, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Li Y, Hua X, Zheng L, Guo W. Copper-Catalyzed Domino-Double Annulation of o-Aminobenzamides with 2-Iodoisothiocyanates for the Synthesis of 12 H-Benzo[4,5]thiazolo[2,3- b]quinazolin-12-ones. J Org Chem 2024; 89:4774-4783. [PMID: 38506335 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
A facile and efficient copper-catalyzed domino-double annulation strategy was developed from easily accessible o-aminobenzamides and 2-iodoisothiocyanates, which affords a direct pathway for the synthesis of tetracyclic fused 12H-benzo[4,5]thiazolo[2,3-b]quinazolin-12-ones in moderate to good yields without the addition of ligands, bases, and external oxidants. The reaction involves a C-N bond cleavage and the formation of a C-N/C-S bond in one step with the advantages of using an inexpensive copper catalyst and easy operation. Mechanistic studies suggest that this transformation proceeds via intermolecular condensation of o-aminobenzamides with 2-iodoisothiocyanates, followed by an intramolecular Ullmann-type cross-coupling cyclization reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Beining Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yatang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Zhiying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yinyin Li
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Xiaofeng Hua
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Lvyin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
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13
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Huang Y, You C, Hong B, Han X, Weng Z. One-Pot Assembly of 2-Trifluoromethyl Benzothiazole and Benzoselenazole via Copper-Mediated Three-Component Cascade Reaction. Chem Asian J 2024:e202400331. [PMID: 38576218 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
A domino one-pot synthesis of 2-(trifluoromethyl) benzothiazole via copper-mediated three-component cascade reaction starting from the easily accessible starting materials such as o-iodoanilines, methyl trifluoropyruvate, and elemental sulfur is reported. The present strategy displayed a comprehensive substrate scope and good functional group tolerance and enabled access to a variety of substituted 2-(trifluoromethyl) benzothiazoles. A 2-(trifluoromethyl) benzoselenazole has also been synthesized utilizing this reaction methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangjie Huang
- Fujian Provincial University Engineering Research Center of Green Materials and Chemical Engineering, and Fujian Engineering Research Center of New Chinese lacquer Material, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Chenhui You
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Biqiong Hong
- Fujian Provincial University Engineering Research Center of Green Materials and Chemical Engineering, and Fujian Engineering Research Center of New Chinese lacquer Material, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Xiaoyan Han
- Testing and Analysis Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhiqiang Weng
- Fujian Provincial University Engineering Research Center of Green Materials and Chemical Engineering, and Fujian Engineering Research Center of New Chinese lacquer Material, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
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14
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Lei Z, Yao J, Xiao Y, Liu WH, Yu L, Duan W, Li CJ. Dual role of nitroarenes as electrophiles and arylamine surrogates in Buchwald-Hartwig-type coupling for C-N bond construction. Chem Sci 2024; 15:3552-3561. [PMID: 38455022 PMCID: PMC10915857 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06618e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the most widely utilized methods for the construction of C(sp2)-N bonds is the transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling of aryl halides/boronic acids with amines, known as Ullmann condensation, Buchwald-Hartwig amination, and Chan-Lam coupling. However, aryl halides/boronic acids often require multi-step preparation while generating a large amount of corrosive and toxic waste, making the reaction less attractive. Herein, we present an unprecedented method for the C(sp2)-N formation via Buchwald-Hartwig-type reactions using synthetically upstream nitroarenes as the sole starting materials, thus eliminating the need for arylhalides and pre-formed arylamines. A diverse range of symmetrical di- and triarylamines were obtained in a single step from nitroarenes, and more importantly, various unsymmetrical di- and triarylamines were also highly selectively synthesized in a one-pot/two-step process. Furthermore, the success of the scale-up experiments, the late-stage functionalization of a drug intermediate, and the rapid preparation of hole-transporting material TCTA showcased the utility and practicality of this protocol in synthetic chemistry. Mechanistic studies indicate that this transformation may proceed via an arylamine intermediate generated in situ from the reduction of nitroarenes, which is followed by a denitrative Buchwald-Hartwig-type reaction with another nitroarene to form a C-N bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Lei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Technology and Resource Development, Guangxi University East Daxue Road Nanning Guangxi 530004 P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Technology and Resource Development, Guangxi University East Daxue Road Nanning Guangxi 530004 P. R. China
| | - Yuxuan Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Technology and Resource Development, Guangxi University East Daxue Road Nanning Guangxi 530004 P. R. China
| | - Wenbo H Liu
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Lin Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Technology and Resource Development, Guangxi University East Daxue Road Nanning Guangxi 530004 P. R. China
| | - Wengui Duan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Technology and Resource Development, Guangxi University East Daxue Road Nanning Guangxi 530004 P. R. China
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and FRQNT Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street West Montreal Quebec H3A 0B8 Canada
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15
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Iyer K, Kavthe RD, Lammert RM, Yirak JR, Lipshutz BH. Ligated Pd-Catalyzed Aminations of Aryl/Heteroaryl Halides with Aliphatic Amines under Sustainable Aqueous Micellar Conditions. JACS AU 2024; 4:680-689. [PMID: 38425930 PMCID: PMC10900223 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Sustainable technology for constructing Pd-catalyzed C-N bonds involving aliphatic amines is reported. A catalytic system that relies on low levels of recyclable precious metal, a known and commercially available ligand, and a recyclable aqueous medium are combined, leading to a newly developed procedure. This new technology can be used in ocean water with equal effectiveness. Applications involving highly challenging reaction partners constituting late-stage functionalization are documented, as is a short but efficient synthesis of the drug naftopidil. Comparisons with existing aminations highlight the many advances being offered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert M. Lammert
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Jordan R. Yirak
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Bruce H. Lipshutz
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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16
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Zou S, Zhang Y, Wu Q, Zhao T, Li Y, Liu B, Ma X. Metal-Free, Hindered, Regioselective Access to Multifunctional Groups Diarylamines via S N Ar Substitution of P-Nitroso Aromatic Methyl Ether by Arylamines. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303421. [PMID: 38010239 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional groups diarylamines, an innovative product, efficiently produced from arylamines and p-nitrosoanisole derivatives by intermolecular SN Ar under weak acid conditions. This SN Ar proceeds under mild reaction conditions, and more significantly, the substrates involved do not necessarily require strong electron-withdrawing groups. Moreover, this SN Ar is characterized by resistance to space crowding, tolerance to halogen and nitroso functional groups, and high regioselectivity. Mechanistic observations suggest that the SN Ar is the result of the transfer of the positive charge center of the protonated nitroso group to the p-methoxy group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuliang Zou
- School of Food and Drug Manufacturing Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Doctor Road, Dangwu Town, Gui'an New District, Guiyang, 550003, PR China
| | - Yazhou Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 4, Dongqing Road, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
| | - Qin Wu
- School of Food and Drug Manufacturing Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Doctor Road, Dangwu Town, Gui'an New District, Guiyang, 550003, PR China
| | - Tianming Zhao
- School of Food and Drug Manufacturing Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Doctor Road, Dangwu Town, Gui'an New District, Guiyang, 550003, PR China
| | - Yutao Li
- School of Food and Drug Manufacturing Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Doctor Road, Dangwu Town, Gui'an New District, Guiyang, 550003, PR China
| | - Bing Liu
- School of Food and Drug Manufacturing Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Doctor Road, Dangwu Town, Gui'an New District, Guiyang, 550003, PR China
| | - Xianguo Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Doctor Road, Dangwu Town, Gui'an New District, Guiyang, 550003, PR China
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17
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Hu XB, Fu QQ, Huang XY, Chu XQ, Shen ZL, Miao C, Chen W. Hydroxylation of Aryl Sulfonium Salts for Phenol Synthesis under Mild Reaction Conditions. Molecules 2024; 29:831. [PMID: 38398583 PMCID: PMC10891898 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Hydroxylation of aryl sulfonium salts could be realized by utilizing acetohydroxamic acid and oxime as hydroxylative agents in the presence of cesium carbonate as a base, leading to a variety of structurally diverse hydroxylated arenes in 47-95% yields. In addition, the reaction exhibited broad functionality tolerance, and a range of important functional groups (e.g., cyano, nitro, sulfonyl, formyl, keto, and ester) could be well amenable to the mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-Bo Hu
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (X.-B.H.); (Q.-Q.F.); (X.-Y.H.); (X.-Q.C.)
| | - Qian-Qian Fu
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (X.-B.H.); (Q.-Q.F.); (X.-Y.H.); (X.-Q.C.)
| | - Xue-Ying Huang
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (X.-B.H.); (Q.-Q.F.); (X.-Y.H.); (X.-Q.C.)
| | - Xue-Qiang Chu
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (X.-B.H.); (Q.-Q.F.); (X.-Y.H.); (X.-Q.C.)
| | - Zhi-Liang Shen
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (X.-B.H.); (Q.-Q.F.); (X.-Y.H.); (X.-Q.C.)
| | - Chengping Miao
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Weiyi Chen
- Soochow College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
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18
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Huang J, Li T, Lu X, Ma D. Copper-Catalyzed α-Arylation of Nitroalkanes with (Hetero)aryl Bromides/Iodides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315994. [PMID: 38151905 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
α-Aryl substituted nitroalkanes are valuable synthetic building blocks that can be easily converted into α-aryl substituted aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, as well as amines. Herein, an efficient Cu/oxalamide-catalyzed coupling between nitroalkanes and (hetero)aryl halides (Br, I) was developed to direct access highly diverse α-aryl substituted nitroalkanes. Compared with the current state of art, this protocol is more environmentally friendly and practical for synthetic chemists. This approach is characterized by a broad substrate scope on both nitroalkane part (primary nitroalkanes and nitromethane) and sp2 halide part ((hetero)aryl bromides/iodides and alkenyl bromides/iodides). The excellent functional group tolerance was observed, which would enable real world synthetic applications. More importantly, TON of current transformation reached to 3640, when some aryl iodides were used as coupling partners. This represents currently the highest catalyst turnover for transition-metal catalyzed α-arylation of nitroalkanes. Furthermore, the successful application in late-stage modification of complex molecules and synthesis of a known retinoid X receptor (RXR) antagonist exemplified its synthetic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cross-Coupling Reactions, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Taian Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cross-Coupling Reactions, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiaobiao Lu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cross-Coupling Reactions, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Dawei Ma
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cross-Coupling Reactions, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
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19
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Iyer K, Kavthe R, Hu Y, Lipshutz BH. Nanoparticles as Heterogeneous Catalysts for ppm Pd-Catalyzed Aminations in Water. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2024; 12:1997-2008. [PMID: 38333203 PMCID: PMC10848299 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c06527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
A general protocol employing heterogeneous catalysis has been developed that enables ppm of Pd-catalyzed C-N cross-coupling reactions under aqueous micellar catalysis. A new nanoparticle catalyst containing specifically ligated Pd, in combination with nanoreactors composed of the designer surfactant Savie, a biodegradable amphiphile, catalyzes C-N bond formations in recyclable water. A variety of coupling partners, ranging from highly functionalized pharmaceutically relevant APIs to educts from the Merck Informer Library, readily participate under these environmentally responsible, sustainable reaction conditions. Other key features associated with this report include the low levels of residual Pd found in the products, the recyclability of the aqueous reaction medium, the use of ocean water as an alternative source of reaction medium, options for the use of pseudohalides as alternative reaction partners, and associated low E factors. In addition, an unprecedented 5-step, one-pot sequence is presented, featuring several of the most widely used transformations in the pharmaceutical industry, suggesting potential industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yuting Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Bruce H. Lipshutz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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20
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Song G, Song J, Li Q, Nong DZ, Dong J, Li G, Fan J, Wang C, Xiao J, Xue D. Werner Salt as Nickel and Ammonia Source for Photochemical Synthesis of Primary Aryl Amines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202314355. [PMID: 37914669 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Cheap, stable and easy-to-handle Werner ammine salts have been known for more than a century; but they have been rarely used in organic synthesis. Herein, we report that the Werner hexammine complex [Ni(NH3 )6 ]Cl2 can be used as both a nitrogen and a catalytic nickel source that allow for the efficient amination of aryl chlorides in the presence of a catalytic amount of bipyridine ligand under the irradiation of 390-395 nm light without the need of any additional catalysts. More than 80 aryl chlorides, including more than 20 drug molecules, were aminated, demonstrating the practicality and generality of this method in synthetic chemistry. A slow NH3 release mechanism is in operation, obviating the problem of catalyst poisoning. Still interestingly, we show that the Werner salt can be easily recovered and reused, solving the problem of difficult recovery of transition metal nickel catalysts. The protocol thus provides an efficient new strategy for the synthesis of primary aryl amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geyang Song
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 710062, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiameng Song
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 710062, Xi'an, China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 710062, Xi'an, China
| | - Ding-Zhan Nong
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 710062, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianyang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 710062, Xi'an, China
| | - Gang Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 710062, Xi'an, China
| | - Juan Fan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 710062, Xi'an, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 710062, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianliang Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, L69 7ZD, Liverpool, UK
| | - Dong Xue
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 710062, Xi'an, China
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21
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Rezayati S, Moghadam MM, Naserifar Z, Ramazani A. Schiff Base Complex of Copper Immobilized on Core-Shell Magnetic Nanoparticles Catalyzed One-Pot Syntheses of Polyhydroquinoline Derivatives under Mild Conditions Supported by a DFT Study. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:1652-1673. [PMID: 38194483 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
We synthesized a stable and reusable Schiff base complex of copper immobilized on core-shell magnetic nanoparticles [Cu(II)-SB/GPTMS@SiO2@Fe3O4] with simple, efficient, and available materials. A variety of characterization analyses including Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), vibrating-sample magnetometry (VSM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), and inductively coupled plasma (ICP) confirm that our synthesized nanocatalyst was obtained. The particle size distribution from the TEM image was obtained in the range of 42-55 nm. The existence of cupric species (Cu2+) in the catalyst was determined with XPS analysis and clearly indicated two peaks at 933.7 and 953.7 eV for Cu 2p3/2 and Cu 2p1/2, respectively. BET results showed that our catalyst synthesized with a mesoporous structure and with a specific area of 48.82 m2 g-1. After detailed characterization, the resulting nanocatalyst exhibited excellent catalytic performance for the explored catalytic reactions in the one-pot synthesis of polyhydroquinoline derivatives by the Hantzsch reaction of dimedone, ethyl acetoacetate, ammonium acetate, and various aldehydes under sustainable and mild conditions. The corresponding products 5a-l are achieved in yields of 88-97%. Additionally, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were carried out to investigate the electrostatic potential root (ESP), natural bond orbital (NBO), and molecular orbitals (MOs), drawing the reaction mechanism using the total energy of the reactant and product and the study of structural parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobhan Rezayati
- The Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory (OCRL), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38791, Iran
| | - Maryam Manafi Moghadam
- The Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory (OCRL), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38791, Iran
| | - Zahra Naserifar
- The Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory (OCRL), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38791, Iran
| | - Ali Ramazani
- The Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory (OCRL), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38791, Iran
- The Convergent Sciences & Technologies Laboratory (CSTL), Research Institute of Modern Biological Techniques (RIMBT), University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38791, Iran
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22
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Taylor OR, Saucedo PJ, Bahamonde A. Leveraging the Redox Promiscuity of Nickel To Catalyze C-N Coupling Reactions. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38231475 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
This perspective details advances made in the field of Ni-catalyzed C-N bond formation. The use of this Earth abundant metal to decorate amines, amides, lactams, and heterocycles enables direct access to a variety of biologically active and industrially relevant compounds in a sustainable manner. Herein, different strategies that leverage the propensity of Ni to facilitate both one- and two-electron processes will be surveyed. The first part of this Perspective focuses on strategies that facilitate C-N couplings at room temperature by accessing oxidized Ni(III) intermediates. In this context, advances in photochemical, electrochemical, and chemically mediated processes will be analyzed. A special emphasis has been put on providing a comprehensive explanation of the different mechanistic avenues that have been proposed to facilitate these chemistries; either Ni(I/III) self-sustained cycles or Ni(0/II/III) photochemically mediated pathways. The second part of this Perspective details the ligand designs that also enable access to this reactivity via a two-electron Ni(0/II) mechanism. Finally, we discuss our thoughts on possible future directions of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia R Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Paul J Saucedo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Ana Bahamonde
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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23
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Bandehali-Naeini F, Tanbakouchian Z, Farajinia-Lehi N, Mayer N, Shiri M, Breugst M. Two distinct protocols for the synthesis of unsymmetrical 3,4-disubstituted maleimides based on transition-metal catalysts. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:380-387. [PMID: 38086692 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01620j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Two tandem catalytic systems are described for the synthesis of novel 3,4-disubstituted maleimides using the same Ugi adducts as starting materials. 4-Aryl-3-pyrrolyl- and 4-aryl-3-indolyl-maleimides were successfully obtained via a Pd(OAc)2/PPh3 based protocol. In contrast, maleimide-fused pyrrolo and indolo[1,2-a]quinolines were obtained in a complementary methodology using CuI/L-proline. These strategies involved a combination of benzylic amine oxidation, trans-amidation, intramolecular Knoevenagel condensation, and N-arylation reactions. Computational investigations provide further insights into this reaction sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Bandehali-Naeini
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Alzahra University, Vanak, Tehran 1993893973, Iran.
| | - Zahra Tanbakouchian
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Alzahra University, Vanak, Tehran 1993893973, Iran.
| | - Noushin Farajinia-Lehi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Alzahra University, Vanak, Tehran 1993893973, Iran.
| | - Nicolas Mayer
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Straße der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany.
| | - Morteza Shiri
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Alzahra University, Vanak, Tehran 1993893973, Iran.
| | - Martin Breugst
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Straße der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany.
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24
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Tan HR, Zhou X, Gong T, You H, Zheng Q, Zhao SY, Xuan W. Anderson-type polyoxometalate-based metal-organic framework as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for selective oxidation of benzylic C-H bonds. RSC Adv 2024; 14:364-372. [PMID: 38173623 PMCID: PMC10759227 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07120k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative transformation of benzylic C-H bonds into functional carbonyl groups under mild conditions represents an efficient method for the synthesis of aromatic carboxylic acids and ketones. Here we report a high-efficiency catalyst system constructed from an Anderson-type polyoxometalate-based metal-Organic framework (POMOF-1) and N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) for selective oxidation of methylarenes and alkylarenes under 1 atm O2 atmosphere. POMOF-1 exerted a synergistic effect originating from the well-aligned Anderson {CrMo6} clusters and Cu centers within the framework, and this entailed good cooperation with NHPI to catalyze the selective oxidation. Accordingly, the reactions exhibit good tolerance and chemical selectivity for a wide range of substrates bearing diverse substituent groups, and the corresponding carboxylic acids and ketones were harvested in good yields under mild conditions. Mechanism study reveals that POMOF-1 worked synergistically with NPHI to activate the benzylic C-H bonds of substrates, which are sequentially oxidized by oxygen and HOO˙ to give rise to the products. This work may pave a way to design high-efficiency catalysts by integration of polyoxometalate-based materials with NPHI for challenging C-H activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ru Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
| | - Tengfei Gong
- Jiaxing Jiayuan Inspection Technology Service Co., Ltd Building 2, No. 1403, Hongbo Road, Economic and Technological Development Zone Jiaxing City Zhejiang Province P. R. China
| | - Hanqi You
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
| | - Qi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Yin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
| | - Weimin Xuan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
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25
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Li H, Bai T. Theoretical study of copper hydride complexes catalyzing terminal alkyne hydroalkylation for C(sp 2)-C(sp 3) bond formation. Dalton Trans 2023; 53:153-161. [PMID: 38018369 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03514j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
This study applies Density Functional Theory (DFT) to theoretically investigate the reaction mechanism of a copper complex catalyst facilitating the reaction between a terminal alkyne and α-bromo amide, enabling the formation of E-alkenes through C(sp2)-C(sp3) coupling. Initially, the study explores the reaction mechanism, identifying the predominant reaction pathway and the rate-determining step. Next, we discuss the addition reaction mode of copper hydride with terminal alkynes, determining the causes of regional and stereoselectivity. Subsequently, the reaction mechanism between the alkenyl copper intermediate and α-bromo amide is examined, including the discussion of alkyl fragment activation and introduction methods. Furthermore, the role of NHC ligands in catalyzing the single electron transfer process for C-Br bond activation is investigated. Finally, we analyze and discuss the reasons for the high energy barrier of the non-radical pathway. These investigations not only deepen our understanding of the reaction mechanisms of terminal alkynes and α-bromo amide catalyzed by copper but also provide valuable guidance for the future design of more efficient catalysts and reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, China.
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Solar Chemical Conversion Technology, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Taiming Bai
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, China.
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Solar Chemical Conversion Technology, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, China
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26
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Zhang R, Zhou Q, Wang X, Xu L, Ma D. Copper-Catalyzed Asymmetric Arylation of α-Substituted Cyanoacetates Enabled by Chiral Amide Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312383. [PMID: 37870538 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The (S)-nobin-embodied picolinamide and L-hydroxyproline-derived amide are effective ligands for Cu-catalyzed enantioselective coupling reaction of (hetero)aryl iodides with α-alkyl substituted cyanoacetates. This arylation reaction gave α-(heteroaryl)-α-alkyl cyanoacetates in good to excellent enantioselectivities (up to 95 % ee). A variety of functionalized (hetero)aryl and alkyl groups could be introduced to the quaternary center and therefore provided a valuable tool for preparing enantioenriched compounds with an all-carbon quaternary center tethered with convertible functional groups. The size of both α-alkyl and ester groups was proven as the key factor for asymmetric induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongxing Zhang
- Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuang Lu, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Qinghai Zhou
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Joint International Research Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Biomimetic Catalysis, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Lanting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dawei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
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27
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Hung TQ, Nguyen BCQ, Phuc BV, Dang Van TD, Trang CM, Anh QTK, Do DV, Nguyen H, Ngo QA, Dang TT. Facile access to 5 H-thiazolo[2',3':2,3]imidazo[4,5- b]indole derivatives by two-fold Cu-catalysed C-N coupling reactions. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:8813-8818. [PMID: 37889185 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01515g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
In four simple steps, a series of 5H-thiazolo[2',3':2,3]imidazo[4,5-b]indole and 11H-benzo[4',5']thiazolo[2',3':2,3]imidazo[4,5-b]indole derivatives were prepared with high yields. The key step in this procedure was demonstrated to be two-fold Cu-catalysed C-N coupling reactions of 5-bromo-6-(2-bromophenyl)imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole and 3-bromo-2-(2-bromophenyl)benzo[d]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole with various amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Quang Hung
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Viet Nam.
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Viet Nam
| | - Bao Chi Quang Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Hanoi University of Science, Vietnam National University (VNU), Viet Nam.
| | - Ban Van Phuc
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Viet Nam.
| | - Tien Dat Dang Van
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Viet Nam
| | - Chu Mai Trang
- Faculty of Chemistry, Hanoi University of Science, Vietnam National University (VNU), Viet Nam.
| | - Quang Thi Kim Anh
- Faculty of Chemistry, Hanoi University of Science, Vietnam National University (VNU), Viet Nam.
| | - Dang Van Do
- Faculty of Chemistry, Hanoi University of Science, Vietnam National University (VNU), Viet Nam.
| | - Hien Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Hanoi National University of Education (HNUE), Viet Nam
| | - Quoc Anh Ngo
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Viet Nam.
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Viet Nam
| | - Tuan Thanh Dang
- Faculty of Chemistry, Hanoi University of Science, Vietnam National University (VNU), Viet Nam.
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28
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Nie M, Zhou X, Tang J, Huang D, Xiao X, Xie J. Copper-promoted S-arylation reactions with triarylbismuths for the synthesis of diaryl sulfides. RSC Adv 2023; 13:33167-33174. [PMID: 37954419 PMCID: PMC10636603 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06582k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A simple approach for copper-promoted S-arylation reactions utilizing triarylbismuths or triarylantimonys as arylating reagents has been described. These reactions can be performed under mild conditions and exhibit remarkable functional group tolerance and chemoselectivity. The corresponding 2-arylthiopyridine 1-oxide derivatives and arylthioanilines/phenols have been successfully synthesized, achieving good to excellent yields across over 49 examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Nie
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510316 China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Green Technology of Sugar Industry Guangzhou 510316 China
| | - Xuehao Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/The Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University Shihezi 832003 China
| | - Jingjie Tang
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510316 China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Green Technology of Sugar Industry Guangzhou 510316 China
| | - Dongting Huang
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510316 China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Green Technology of Sugar Industry Guangzhou 510316 China
| | - Xinsheng Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering Yongzhou 425199 China
| | - Jianwei Xie
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering Yongzhou 425199 China
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29
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Kaviani N, Behrouz S, Jafari AA, Soltani Rad MN. Functionalization of Fe 3O 4@SiO 2 nanoparticles with Cu(i)-thiosemicarbazone complex as a robust and efficient heterogeneous nanocatalyst for N-arylation of N-heterocycles with aryl halides. RSC Adv 2023; 13:30293-30305. [PMID: 37849694 PMCID: PMC10577646 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06327e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In this research, the functionalized silica-coated magnetite nanoparticles with Cu(i)-thiosemicarbazone complex (Fe3O4@SiO2-[CuL]) has been designed and synthesized as a magnetically retrievable nanocatalyst. Different techniques were employed to characterize the structure of Fe3O4@SiO2-[CuL] comprising FT-IR, FE-SEM, TEM, DLS, XRD, EDX, TGA, AAS, and VSM analysis. The catalytic performance of Fe3O4@SiO2-[CuL] was perused in Ullmann-type N-arylation of nucleobases, xanthines, and other N-heterocycles with diverse aryl halides which acquired the desired N-aryl products in good to excellent yields. Fe3O4@SiO2-[CuL] is a thermal and chemical stable, easy to prepare and recyclable, inexpensive, and ecofriendly catalyst that needs no additional additive or ligand as promoters. This catalyst could be separated without difficulty by a simple magnet and reused for at least seven sequential runs without a significant decline in its catalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narjes Kaviani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yazd University Yazd Iran
| | - Somayeh Behrouz
- Department of Chemistry, Shiraz University of Technology Shiraz 71555-313 Iran +98 71 3735 4520 +98 71 3735 4500
| | - Abbas Ali Jafari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yazd University Yazd Iran
| | - Mohammad Navid Soltani Rad
- Department of Chemistry, Shiraz University of Technology Shiraz 71555-313 Iran +98 71 3735 4520 +98 71 3735 4500
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30
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Singh SK, Kumar S, Yadav MS, Gupta A, Tiwari VK. Triazole-Appended Glycohybrid/CuI-Catalyzed C-C Cross-Coupling of Aryl/Heteroaryl Halides with Alkynyl Sugars. J Org Chem 2023; 88:13440-13453. [PMID: 37747895 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
This report describes a convenient method for the Cu(I)-catalyzed Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction of aryl/heteroaryl halides and alkynyl sugars in the presence of a 1,2,3-triazole-appended glycohybrid as a biocompatible ligand. The Sonogashira cross-coupling products were exclusively formed without the Glaser-Hay homocoupling reaction in the presence of a glycosyl monotriazolyl ligand at 120 °C. However, the Glaser-Hay homocoupling products were obtained at 60-70 °C in the presence of bis-triazolyl-based macrocyclic glycohybrid ligand L8. The glycosyl triazole ligands were synthesized via the CuI/DIPEA-mediated regioselective CuAAC click reaction, and a series of glycohybrids of glucose, mannose, and galactose alkynes including glycosyl rods were developed in good yields. The developed glycohybrids have been well characterized by various spectroscopic techniques, such as nuclear magnetic resonance, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and single-crystal X-ray data of L3. The protocol works well with the heteroaryl and naphthyl halides, and the mechanistic approach leads to CuI/ligand-assisted oxidative coupling. The coupling protocol has notable features, including low catalytic loading, cost-effectiveness, biocompatible nature, and a wide substrate scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit K Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P. 221005, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P. 221005, India
| | - Mangal S Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P. 221005, India
| | - Abhishek Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P. 221005, India
| | - Vinod K Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P. 221005, India
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31
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Hernández-Ruiz R, Gómez-Gil S, Pedrosa MR, Suárez-Pantiga S, Sanz R. Direct synthesis of haloaromatics from nitroarenes via a sequential one-pot Mo-catalyzed reduction/Sandmeyer reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:7791-7798. [PMID: 37706648 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01187a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the direct synthesis of a wide variety of functionalized aromatic bromides, chlorides, iodides, and fluorides from nitroarenes in a sequential one-pot operation. This protocol is based on an air- and moisture-tolerant dioxomolybdenum-catalyzed reduction of nitroaromatics, employing pinacol as a reducing agent, which enables subsequent diazotization and halogenation steps. This methodology represents a step-economical, practical, and alternative procedure for synthesizing haloaromatics directly from nitroaromatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Hernández-Ruiz
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain.
| | - Sara Gómez-Gil
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain.
| | - María R Pedrosa
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain.
| | - Samuel Suárez-Pantiga
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain.
| | - Roberto Sanz
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain.
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32
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Hai X, Zheng Y, Yu Q, Guo N, Xi S, Zhao X, Mitchell S, Luo X, Tulus V, Wang M, Sheng X, Ren L, Long X, Li J, He P, Lin H, Cui Y, Peng X, Shi J, Wu J, Zhang C, Zou R, Guillén-Gosálbez G, Pérez-Ramírez J, Koh MJ, Zhu Y, Li J, Lu J. Geminal-atom catalysis for cross-coupling. Nature 2023; 622:754-760. [PMID: 37730999 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06529-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Single-atom catalysts (SACs) have well-defined active sites, making them of potential interest for organic synthesis1-4. However, the architecture of these mononuclear metal species stabilized on solid supports may not be optimal for catalysing complex molecular transformations owing to restricted spatial environment and electronic quantum states5,6. Here we report a class of heterogeneous geminal-atom catalysts (GACs), which pair single-atom sites in specific coordination and spatial proximity. Regularly separated nitrogen anchoring groups with delocalized π-bonding nature in a polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) host7 permit the coordination of Cu geminal sites with a ground-state separation of about 4 Å at high metal density8. The adaptable coordination of individual Cu sites in GACs enables a cooperative bridge-coupling pathway through dynamic Cu-Cu bonding for diverse C-X (X = C, N, O, S) cross-couplings with a low activation barrier. In situ characterization and quantum-theoretical studies show that such a dynamic process for cross-coupling is triggered by the adsorption of two different reactants at geminal metal sites, rendering homo-coupling unfeasible. These intrinsic advantages of GACs enable the assembly of heterocycles with several coordination sites, sterically congested scaffolds and pharmaceuticals with highly specific and stable activity. Scale-up experiments and translation to continuous flow suggest broad applicability for the manufacturing of fine chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Hai
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yang Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qi Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
| | - Na Guo
- National University of Singapore (Chongqing) Research Institute, Chongqing, China
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shibo Xi
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Xiaoxu Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Sharon Mitchell
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Xiaohua Luo
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Victor Tulus
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiaoyu Sheng
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Longbin Ren
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiangdong Long
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peng He
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Huihui Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yige Cui
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xinnan Peng
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jiwei Shi
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National University of Singapore (Chongqing) Research Institute, Chongqing, China
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ruqiang Zou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Gonzalo Guillén-Gosálbez
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Javier Pérez-Ramírez
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Ming Joo Koh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Ye Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare-Earth Materials of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Jiong Lu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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33
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Luo Y, Li Y, Wu J, Xue XS, Hartwig JF, Shen Q. Oxidative addition of an alkyl halide to form a stable Cu(III) product. Science 2023; 381:1072-1079. [PMID: 37676952 PMCID: PMC10658983 DOI: 10.1126/science.adg9232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
The step that cleaves the carbon-halogen bond in copper-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions remains ill defined because of the multiple redox manifolds available to copper and the instability of the high-valent copper product formed. We report the oxidative addition of α-haloacetonitrile to ionic and neutral copper(I) complexes to form previously elusive but here fully characterized copper(III) complexes. The stability of these complexes stems from the strong Cu-CF3 bond and the high barrier for C(CF3)-C(CH2CN) bond-forming reductive elimination. The mechanistic studies we performed suggest that oxidative addition to ionic and neutral copper(I) complexes proceeds by means of two different pathways: an SN2-type substitution to the ionic complex and a halogen-atom transfer to the neutral complex. We observed a pronounced ligand acceleration of the oxidative addition, which correlates with that observed in the copper-catalyzed couplings of azoles, amines, or alkynes with alkyl electrophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongrui Luo
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Yuli Li
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Jian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Xiao-Song Xue
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - John F. Hartwig
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Qilong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, PR China
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34
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Delaney CP, Lin E, Huang Q, Yu IF, Rao G, Tao L, Jed A, Fantasia SM, Püntener KA, Britt RD, Hartwig JF. Cross-coupling by a noncanonical mechanism involving the addition of aryl halide to Cu(II). Science 2023; 381:1079-1085. [PMID: 37676958 DOI: 10.1126/science.adi9226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Copper complexes are widely used in the synthesis of fine chemicals and materials to catalyze couplings of heteroatom nucleophiles with aryl halides. We show that cross-couplings catalyzed by some of the most active catalysts occur by a mechanism not previously considered. Copper(II) [Cu(II)] complexes of oxalamide ligands catalyze Ullmann coupling to form the C-O bond in aryl ethers by concerted oxidative addition of an aryl halide to Cu(II) to form a high-valent species that is stabilized by radical character on the oxalamide ligand. This mechanism diverges from those involving Cu(I) and Cu(III) intermediates that have been posited for other Ullmann-type couplings. The stability of the Cu(II) state leads to high turnover numbers, >1000 for the coupling of phenoxide with aryl chloride electrophiles, as well as an ability to run the reactions in air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor P Delaney
- College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Eva Lin
- College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Qinan Huang
- College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Isaac F Yu
- College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Guodong Rao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Lizhi Tao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Ana Jed
- College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Serena M Fantasia
- Pharmaceutical Division, Synthetic Molecules Technical Development, Process Chemistry and Catalysis, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Ltd., Basel, CH-4070, Switzerland
| | - Kurt A Püntener
- Pharmaceutical Division, Synthetic Molecules Technical Development, Process Chemistry and Catalysis, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Ltd., Basel, CH-4070, Switzerland
| | - R David Britt
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - John F Hartwig
- College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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35
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Wang PZ, Chen JR, Xiao WJ. Emerging Trends in Copper-Promoted Radical-Involved C-O Bond Formations. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:17527-17550. [PMID: 37531466 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
The C-O bond is ubiquitous in biologically active molecules, pharmaceutical agents, and functional materials, thereby making it an important functional group. Consequently, the development of C-O bond-forming reactions using catalytic strategies has become an increasingly important research topic in organic synthesis because more conventional methods involving strong base and acid have many limitations. In contrast to the ionic-pathway-based methods, copper-promoted radical-mediated C-O bond formation is experiencing a surge in research interest owing to a renaissance in free-radical chemistry and photoredox catalysis. This Perspective highlights and appraises state-of-the-art techniques in this burgeoning research field. The contents are organized according to the different reaction types and working models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Zi Wang
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Jia-Rong Chen
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
- Wuhan Institute of Photochemistry and Technology, 7 North Bingang Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430083, China
| | - Wen-Jing Xiao
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
- Wuhan Institute of Photochemistry and Technology, 7 North Bingang Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430083, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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36
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Khandagale D, Kori S, Kapdi AR. DMSO-Assisted K 3 PO 4 -Catalyzed Cooperative Metal-Free, Base-Free Etherification of Chloroheteroarenes at Low Temperature. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300377. [PMID: 37364174 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Etherification of chloroheteroarenes was performed at low temperatures under metal-free, ligand-free and base-free conditions, that is, the reaction is promoted by the cooperative effect of DMSO (solvent) as a promoter and K3 PO4 providing the catalytic surface (rather than a base). The protocol exhibits good substrate scope under mild reaction conditions and has also been explored mechanistically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepali Khandagale
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Road, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, India
| | - Santosh Kori
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Road, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, India
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology-Indian Oil Odisha Campus IIT Kharagpur Extension Centre, Mouza Samantpuri, Bhubaneswar, 751013, Odisha, India
| | - Anant R Kapdi
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Road, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, India
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37
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Abstract
Bimolecular nucleophilic substitution SN2 is the earliest and most important means of amination of alkyl electrophiles; its practical utilization is largely limited to primary or activated substrates. Furthermore, a persistent challenge lies in establishing C(sp3)-N bonds from alkyl substrates in cross-coupling chemistry using palladium and nickel catalysts. Therefore, the methods of constructing C(sp3)-N bonds remain rare from alkyl electrophiles. The existing routes are limited to copper catalysis and photoredox catalysis. Here, we demonstrate an alternative amination strategy for rapid construction of C(sp3)-N bonds from accessible alkyl electrophiles, which were used as radical precursors under nickel catalysis by Ni (III) species reductive eliminations in high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiangzhang Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shengyang Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yi Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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38
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Luo X, Yang D, He X, Wang S, Zhang D, Xu J, Pao CW, Chen JL, Lee JF, Cong H, Lan Y, Alhumade H, Cossy J, Bai R, Chen YH, Yi H, Lei A. Valve turning towards on-cycle in cobalt-catalyzed Negishi-type cross-coupling. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4638. [PMID: 37532729 PMCID: PMC10397345 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40269-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ligands and additives are often utilized to stabilize low-valent catalytic metal species experimentally, while their role in suppressing metal deposition has been less studied. Herein, an on-cycle mechanism is reported for CoCl2bpy2 catalyzed Negishi-type cross-coupling. A full catalytic cycle of this kind of reaction was elucidated by multiple spectroscopic studies. The solvent and ligand were found to be essential for the generation of catalytic active Co(I) species, among which acetonitrile and bipyridine ligand are resistant to the disproportionation events of Co(I). Investigations, based on Quick-X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (Q-XAFS) spectroscopy, Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR), IR allied with DFT calculations, allow comprehensive mechanistic insights that establish the structural information of the catalytic active cobalt species along with the whole catalytic Co(I)/Co(III) cycle. Moreover, the acetonitrile and bipyridine system can be further extended to the acylation, allylation, and benzylation of aryl zinc reagents, which present a broad substrate scope with a catalytic amount of Co salt. Overall, this work provides a basic mechanistic perspective for designing cobalt-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Luo
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P.R. China
| | - Dali Yang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqian He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, P.R. China
| | - Shengchun Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P.R. China
| | - Dongchao Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxin Xu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P.R. China
| | - Chih-Wen Pao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Lung Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Fu Lee
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Hengjiang Cong
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P.R. China
| | - Yu Lan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, P.R. China
| | - Hesham Alhumade
- K. A. CARE Energy Research and Innovation Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy and Power Systems, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Janine Cossy
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry, and Materials, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Ruopeng Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, P.R. China.
| | - Yi-Hung Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P.R. China.
| | - Hong Yi
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P.R. China.
- Wuhan University Shenzhen Research Institute, 518057, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Aiwen Lei
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P.R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China.
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39
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Hall CGJ, Sneddon HF, Pogány P, Lindsay DM, Kerr WJ. Experimental and computational insights into the mechanism of the copper(i)-catalysed sulfonylative Suzuki-Miyaura reaction. Chem Sci 2023; 14:6738-6755. [PMID: 37350817 PMCID: PMC10284122 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01337e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A mechanistic study into the copper(i)-catalysed sulfonylative Suzuki-Miyaura reaction, incorporating sulfur dioxide, is described. Utilising spectroscopic and computational techniques, an exploration into the individual components of the competing catalytic cycles is delineated, including identification of the resting state catalyst, transmetalation of arylboronic acid onto copper(i), the sulfur dioxide insertion process, and the oxidative addition of aryl halide to CuI. Studies also investigated prominent side-reactions which were uncovered, including a competing copper(ii)-catalysed mechanism. This led to an additional proposed and connected CuI/CuII/CuIII catalytic cycle to account for by-product formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callum G J Hall
- Medicines Design, GlaxoSmithKline Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY England UK
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL Scotland UK
| | - Helen F Sneddon
- Medicines Design, GlaxoSmithKline Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY England UK
| | - Peter Pogány
- Medicines Design, GlaxoSmithKline Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY England UK
| | - David M Lindsay
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL Scotland UK
| | - William J Kerr
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL Scotland UK
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40
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Yang P, Širvinskas MJ, Li B, Heller NW, Rong H, He G, Yudin AK, Chen G. Teraryl Braces in Macrocycles: Synthesis and Conformational Landscape Remodeling of Peptides. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37326500 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The three-dimensional structure of medium-sized cyclic peptides accounts for their biological activity and other important physiochemical properties. Despite significant advances in the past few decades, chemists' ability to fine-tune the structure, in particular, the backbone conformation, of short peptides made of canonical amino acids is still quite limited. Nature has shown that cross-linking the aromatic side chains of linear peptide precursors via enzyme catalysis can generate cyclophane-braced products with unusual structures and diverse activities. However, the biosynthetic path to these natural products is challenging to replicate in the synthetic laboratory using practical chemical modifications of peptides. Herein, we report a broadly applicable strategy to remodel the structure of homodetic peptides by cross-linking the aromatic side chains of Trp, His, and Tyr residues with various aryl linkers. The aryl linkers can be easily installed via copper-catalyzed double heteroatom-arylation reactions of peptides with aryl diiodides. These aromatic side chains and aryl linkers can be combined to form a large variety of assemblies of heteroatom-linked multi-aryl units. The assemblies can serve as tension-bearable multijoint braces to modulate the backbone conformation of peptides as an entry to previously inaccessible conformational space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | | | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Nicholas W Heller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3H4, Canada
| | - Hua Rong
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Gang He
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Andrei K Yudin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3H4, Canada
| | - Gong Chen
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
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41
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Lee S, Dao PDQ, Lim HJ, Cho CS. Recyclable Magnetic Cu-MOF-74-Catalyzed C(sp 2)-N Coupling and Cyclization under Microwave Irradiation: Synthesis of Imidazo[1,2- c]quinazolines and Their Analogues. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:16218-16227. [PMID: 37179653 PMCID: PMC10173347 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic Cu-MOF-74 (Fe3O4@SiO2@Cu-MOF-74) was synthesized for the first time by grafting MOF-74 (copper as the metal center) on the surface of core-shell magnetic carboxyl-functionalized silica gel (Fe3O4@SiO2-COOH), which was prepared by coating core Fe3O4 nanoparticles with hydrolyzed 2-(3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl)succinic anhydride and tetraethyl orthosilicate. The structure of Fe3O4@SiO2@Cu-MOF-74 nanoparticles was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The prepared Fe3O4@SiO2@Cu-MOF-74 nanoparticles could be applied as a recyclable catalyst to the synthesis of N-fused hybrid scaffolds. 2-(2-Bromoaryl)imidazoles and 2-(2-bromovinyl)imidazoles were coupled and cyclized with cyanamide in DMF in the presence of a catalytic amount of Fe3O4@SiO2@Cu-MOF-74 along with a base to give imidazo[1,2-c]quinazolines and imidazo[1,2-c]pyrimidines, respectively, in good yields. The Fe3O4@SiO2@Cu-MOF-74 catalyst could be easily recovered by a super magnetic bar and recycled more than four times while almost maintaining catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong
Weon Lee
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Kyungpook National
University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Pham Duy Quang Dao
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Kyungpook National
University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Jin Lim
- Department
of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook
National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Sik Cho
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Kyungpook National
University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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42
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Li F, Xiong W, Song G, Yan Y, Li G, Wang C, Xiao J, Xue D. Light-Promoted Ni-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Aryl Chlorides with Hydrazides: Application to the Synthesis of Rizatriptan. Org Lett 2023; 25:3287-3292. [PMID: 37114772 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
A general and highly efficient photochemical C-N coupling reaction of challenging (hetero)aryl chlorides with hydrazides is reported. Catalyzed by a Ni(II)-bipyridine complex, this reaction provides an efficient tool for the synthesis of arylhydrazines in the presence of a soluble organic amine base without an external photosensitizer. The reaction features a wide substrate range (54 examples) and excellent functional group tolerance. The method has also been successfully applied to the three-step concise synthesis of rizatriptan, an effective drug for migraine and cluster headaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Weikang Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Geyang Song
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonggang Yan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianliang Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Dong Xue
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, People's Republic of China
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43
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Mehara J, Roithová J. Copper(II)‐TEMPO Interaction. Isr J Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202300011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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44
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Kim ST, Strauss MJ, Cabré A, Buchwald SL. Room-Temperature Cu-Catalyzed Amination of Aryl Bromides Enabled by DFT-Guided Ligand Design. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:6966-6975. [PMID: 36926889 PMCID: PMC10415864 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Ullmann-type C-N coupling reactions represent an important alternative to well-established Pd-catalyzed approaches due to the differing reactivity and the lower cost of Cu. While the design of anionic Cu ligands, particularly those by Ma, has enabled the coupling of various classes of aryl halides and alkyl amines, most methods require conditions that can limit their utility on complex substrates. Herein, we disclose the development of anionic N1,N2-diarylbenzene-1,2-diamine ligands that promote the Cu-catalyzed amination of aryl bromides under mild conditions. Guided by DFT calculations, these ligands were designed to (1) increase the electron density on Cu, thereby increasing the rate of oxidative addition of aryl bromides, and (2) stabilize the active anionic CuI complex via a π-interaction. Under optimized conditions, structurally diverse aryl and heteroaryl bromides and a broad range of alkyl amine nucleophiles, including pharmaceuticals bearing multiple functional groups, were efficiently coupled at room temperature. Combined computational and experimental studies support a mechanism of C-N bond formation that follows a catalytic cycle akin to the well-explored Pd-catalyzed variants. Modification of the ligand structure to include a naphthyl residue resulted in a lower energy barrier to oxidative addition, providing a 30-fold rate increase relative to what is seen with other ligands. Collectively, these results establish a new class of anionic ligands for Cu-catalyzed C-N couplings, which we anticipate may be extended to other Cu-catalyzed C-heteroatom and C-C bond-forming reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoung-Tae Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Michael J Strauss
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Albert Cabré
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Stephen L Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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45
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de Lima Neto J, Menezes PH. Combretastatins D series and analogues: from isolation, synthetic challenges and biological activities. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:399-427. [PMID: 37025497 PMCID: PMC10071520 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The combretastatin D series and its analogues, corniculatolides and isocorniculatolides belong to a class of macrocycles called cyclic diaryl ether heptanoids (DAEH). This review is intended to highlight the structure elucidation, biosynthesis, and biological activity of these compounds as well as the use of different strategies for their synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge de Lima Neto
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Química Fundamental, Recife-PE, 50740-560, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Menezes
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Química Fundamental, Recife-PE, 50740-560, Brazil
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46
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Peng X, Zeng L, Wang D, Liu Z, Li Y, Li Z, Yang B, Lei L, Dai L, Hou Y. Electrochemical C-N coupling of CO 2 and nitrogenous small molecules for the electrosynthesis of organonitrogen compounds. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:2193-2237. [PMID: 36806286 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00381c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical C-N coupling reactions based on abundant small molecules (such as CO2 and N2) have attracted increasing attention as a new "green synthetic strategy" for the synthesis of organonitrogen compounds, which have been widely used in organic synthesis, materials chemistry, and biochemistry. The traditional technology employed for the synthesis of organonitrogen compounds containing C-N bonds often requires the addition of metal reagents or oxidants under harsh conditions with high energy consumption and environmental concerns. By contrast, electrosynthesis avoids the use of other reducing agents or oxidants by utilizing "electrons", which are the cleanest "reagent" and can reduce the generation of by-products, consistent with the atomic economy and green chemistry. In this study, we present a comprehensive review on the electrosynthesis of high value-added organonitrogens from the abundant CO2 and nitrogenous small molecules (N2, NO, NO2-, NO3-, NH3, etc.) via the C-N coupling reaction. The associated fundamental concepts, theoretical models, emerging electrocatalysts, and value-added target products, together with the current challenges and future opportunities are discussed. This critical review will greatly increase the understanding of electrochemical C-N coupling reactions, and thus attract research interest in the fixation of carbon and nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyun Peng
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
- Institute of Zhejiang University - Quzhou, Quzhou, 324000, China
| | - Libin Zeng
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
- Institute of Zhejiang University - Quzhou, Quzhou, 324000, China
| | - Dashuai Wang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
- Institute of Zhejiang University - Quzhou, Quzhou, 324000, China
| | - Zhibin Liu
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
- Institute of Zhejiang University - Quzhou, Quzhou, 324000, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
- Australian Carbon Materials Centre (A-CMC), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Zhongjian Li
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
- Institute of Zhejiang University - Quzhou, Quzhou, 324000, China
| | - Bin Yang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
- Institute of Zhejiang University - Quzhou, Quzhou, 324000, China
| | - Lecheng Lei
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
- Institute of Zhejiang University - Quzhou, Quzhou, 324000, China
| | - Liming Dai
- Australian Carbon Materials Centre (A-CMC), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Yang Hou
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
- Institute of Zhejiang University - Quzhou, Quzhou, 324000, China
- Donghai Laboratory, Zhoushan, China
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47
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Wang J, Hu D, Sun X, Hong H, Shi Y. Pd-Catalyzed Aryl C-H Amination with Diaziridinone. Org Lett 2023; 25:2006-2011. [PMID: 36926923 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
This work describes an efficient Pd-catalyzed ortho-C-H amination of N-(quinolin-8-yl)benzamides with di-t-butyldiaziridinone, providing a variety of anthranilic amides in good yields. The reaction likely involves the formation of a pallada(II)heterocycle via aryl C-H activation and subsequent amination with di-t-butyldiaziridinone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Wang
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Daguo Hu
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Xiaofeng Sun
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Huiying Hong
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Yian Shi
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
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48
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Mondal K, Mukhopadhyay N, Sengupta A, Roy T, Das P. Exploiting Coordination Behavior of 7-Azaindole for Mechanistic Investigation of Chan-Lam Coupling and Application to 7-Azaindole Based Pharmacophores. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203718. [PMID: 36511941 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Multiple spectroscopic techniques, along with single-crystal X-ray analysis, have been used to reveal the detailed structural and electronic information on reaction intermediates of a new copper(II)-DBU catalytic system for the N-arylation of 7-Azaindole. The reaction mixture of Chan-Lam cross-coupling yields two dimeric copper(II)-7-azaindole complexes, including one attached with DBU, prior to adding arylboronic acid and are confirmed structurally and spectroscopically. A suitable mechanism has been proposed using the dimeric copper(II) complex as a catalyst for the coupling reactions. The role of DBU as a base and also as an auxiliary ligand in the course of the reaction has been established. The transmetalated monomeric aryl-copper(II) species generated from the dimeric unit is oxidized by another equivalent of copper(II) to yield an aryl-copper(III) intermediate for facile N-arylation, which has been authenticated with UV-vis spectroscopy. The regeneration of the copper(II)-catalyst by aerial oxidation of colorless copper(I) species (generated via reductive elimination and disproportionation step) is confirmed by mass and absorption spectroscopy. Detailed DFT and TD-DFT calculations help to rationalize the proposed reaction intermediates and their corresponding electronic transitions. Moreover, the confirmation of copper(I)-7-azaindole intermediate via HRMS reaffirmed the involvement of Cu(II)/Cu(III)/Cu(I) species in the Chan-Lam type of coupling. A medicinally-important 7-azaindole-based SHP2 inhibitor has been synthesized via sequential arylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishanu Mondal
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, 826004, India
| | - Narottam Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Chemical Sciences I, ndian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741 246, India
| | - Arunava Sengupta
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, 826004, India
| | - Tanumay Roy
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, 826004, India
| | - Parthasarathi Das
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, 826004, India
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49
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Lu H, Li L, Wu Q, Mu S, Zhao R, Zheng X, Long C, Li Q, Liu H, Cui C. Cu +-Mediated CO Coordination for Promoting C-C Coupling for CO 2 and CO Electroreduction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:13228-13237. [PMID: 36877774 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c01448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Selective electrochemical upgrading of CO2 to multicarbon (C2+) products requires a C-C coupling process, yet the underlying promoting mechanism of widely involved Cu oxidation states remains largely unclear, hindering the subtle design of efficient catalysts. Herein, we unveil the critical role of Cu+ in promoting C-C coupling via coordination with a CO intermediate during electrochemical CO2 reduction. We find that, relative to other halogen anions, iodide (I-) in HCO3- electrolytes accelerates the generation of strongly oxidative hydroxyl radicals that accounts for the formation of Cu+, which can be dynamically stabilized by I- via the formation of CuI. The in situ generated CO intermediate strongly binds to CuI sites, forming nonclassical Cu(CO)n+ complexes, leading to an approximately 3.0-fold increase of C2+ Faradaic efficiency at -0.9 VRHE relative to that of I--free Cu surfaces. Accordingly, a deliberate introduction of CuI into I--containing HCO3- electrolytes for direct CO electroreduction brings about a 4.3-fold higher C2+ selectivity. This work provides insights into the role of Cu+ in C-C coupling and the enhanced C2+ selectivity for CO2 and CO electrochemical reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Lu
- Molecular Electrochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Lei Li
- Molecular Electrochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Qianbao Wu
- Molecular Electrochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Shijia Mu
- Molecular Electrochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Ruijuan Zhao
- Molecular Electrochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Xia Zheng
- Molecular Electrochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Chang Long
- Molecular Electrochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Qing Li
- Molecular Electrochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Hongfei Liu
- Molecular Electrochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Chunhua Cui
- Molecular Electrochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
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50
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Zou D, Wang W, Hu Y, Jia T. Nitroarenes and nitroalkenes as potential amino sources for the synthesis of N-heterocycles. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:2254-2271. [PMID: 36825326 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00064h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitro-compounds are one of the cheapest and most readily available materials in the chemical industry and are commonly utilized as versatile building blocks. Previously, the synthesis of N-heterocycles was largely based on anilines. The utilization of nitroarenes and nitroalkenes for the synthesis of N-heterocyclic compounds can save at least one step, however, as compared to anilines. Thus, considerable attention has been paid to nitroarenes and nitroalkenes as new potential amino sources. Significant progress has been made in the reductive cyclization of nitroarenes or nitroalkenes to access various N-heterocycles in recent years. Herein, we comprehensively summarize the recent progress in the construction of N-heterocycles using nitroarenes and nitroalkenes as potential amino sources. The compatibility of the reaction substrate, its mechanism, applications, advantages, and limitations in this field are also discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zou
- Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang, University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Qiantang Campus, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Yaqin Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang, University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China.
| | - Tingting Jia
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310052, China.
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