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Afzalalghom A, Beitollahi A, Mirkazemi SM, Maleki M, Sarpoolaky H. Intervention-Free Graphitization of Carbon Microspheres from a Non-Graphitizing Polymer at Low Temperature: Nanopores as Dynamic Nanoreactors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308082. [PMID: 38258403 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Graphitizability of organic precursors is the topic of numerous investigations due to the wide applications of graphitic materials in the industry and emerging technologies of supercapacitors, batteries, etc. Most polymers, such as polydivinyl benzene (PDVB) are classified as non-graphitizings that do not convert to Graphite even after heating to 3000℃. Here, for the first time, the development of graphitic structure in the hierarchal porous sulfonated-PDVB microspheres without employing specific equipment or additives like metal catalysts, organic ingredients, or graphite particles, at 1100°C is reported. The abnormal additive-free graphitic structure formation is confirmed by Raman spectroscopy (ID/IG = 0.87), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and selected area diffraction patterns (SAED), as well as x-ray diffraction patterns (XRD), while preservation of aromatic compounds from the carbonization is detected by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. Polymer evolution from room temperature to 1100°C is also studied by FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, and XRD techniques. Based on the obtained results, it is suggested that the hierarchal and complicated ink-bottle pore network with a high surface area besides super micropores in the sulfonated-PDVB microspheres has served as nano-sized reaction media. These pores, hereafter referred as "dynamic nanoreactors", are expected to have confined the in-situ produced thermal decomposition products containing broken bond benzene rings, while changing dimensionally and structurally during the designed carbonization regime. This confinement has led to the benzene rings fusion at 250°C, a remarkable extension of them at 450°C, their growth to graphene sheets at 900°C and finally, the stacking of curved graphene layers at 1100°C. The results of this research put stress on the capability of nanopores as nanoreactors to facilitate reactions of decomposition products at low temperatures and ambient pressures to form stacked layers of graphene; A transformation that normally requires catalysts and very high pressures for only specific polyaromatic hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliyeh Afzalalghom
- School of Metallurgy & Materials Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Narmak, Tehran, 16846, Iran
| | - Ali Beitollahi
- School of Metallurgy & Materials Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Narmak, Tehran, 16846, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Mirkazemi
- School of Metallurgy & Materials Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Narmak, Tehran, 16846, Iran
| | - Mahdi Maleki
- School of Metallurgy & Materials Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Narmak, Tehran, 16846, Iran
| | - Hossein Sarpoolaky
- School of Metallurgy & Materials Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Narmak, Tehran, 16846, Iran
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2
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Wang J, Li R, Zhang G, Dong C, Fan Y, Yang S, Chen M, Guo X, Mu R, Ning Y, Li M, Fu Q, Bao X. Confinement-Induced Indium Oxide Nanolayers Formed on Oxide Support for Enhanced CO 2 Hydrogenation Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:5523-5531. [PMID: 38367215 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
An enclosed nanospace often shows a significant confinement effect on chemistry within its inner cavity, while whether an open space can have this effect remains elusive. Here, we show that the open surface of TiO2 creates a confined environment for In2O3 which drives spontaneous transformation of free In2O3 nanoparticles in physical contact with TiO2 nanoparticles into In oxide (InOx) nanolayers covering onto the TiO2 surface during CO2 hydrogenation to CO. The formed InOx nanolayers are easy to create surface oxygen vacancies but are against over-reduction to metallic In in the H2-rich atmospheres, which thus show significantly enhanced activity and stability in comparison with the pure In2O3 catalyst. The formation of interfacial In-O-Ti bonding is identified to drive the In2O3 dispersion and stabilize the metastable InOx layers. The InOx overlayers with distinct chemistry from their free counterpart can be confined on various oxide surfaces, demonstrating the important confinement effect at oxide/oxide interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Rongtan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Guanghui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, PSU-DUT Joint Center for Energy Research, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Cui Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yamei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Shuangli Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Mingshu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Xinwen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, PSU-DUT Joint Center for Energy Research, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Rentao Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yanxiao Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Mingrun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xinhe Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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3
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Yu X, Cheng Y, Li Y, Polo-Garzon F, Liu J, Mamontov E, Li M, Lennon D, Parker SF, Ramirez-Cuesta AJ, Wu Z. Neutron Scattering Studies of Heterogeneous Catalysis. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37315192 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the structural dynamics/evolution of catalysts and the related surface chemistry is essential for establishing structure-catalysis relationships, where spectroscopic and scattering tools play a crucial role. Among many such tools, neutron scattering, though less-known, has a unique power for investigating catalytic phenomena. Since neutrons interact with the nuclei of matter, the neutron-nucleon interaction provides unique information on light elements (mainly hydrogen), neighboring elements, and isotopes, which are complementary to X-ray and photon-based techniques. Neutron vibrational spectroscopy has been the most utilized neutron scattering approach for heterogeneous catalysis research by providing chemical information on surface/bulk species (mostly H-containing) and reaction chemistry. Neutron diffraction and quasielastic neutron scattering can also supply important information on catalyst structures and dynamics of surface species. Other neutron approaches, such as small angle neutron scattering and neutron imaging, have been much less used but still give distinctive catalytic information. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in neutron scattering investigations of heterogeneous catalysis, focusing on surface adsorbates, reaction mechanisms, and catalyst structural changes revealed by neutron spectroscopy, diffraction, quasielastic neutron scattering, and other neutron techniques. Perspectives are also provided on the challenges and future opportunities in neutron scattering studies of heterogeneous catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinbin Yu
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37381, United States
| | - Yongqiang Cheng
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37381, United States
| | - Felipe Polo-Garzon
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37381, United States
| | - Jue Liu
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Eugene Mamontov
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Meijun Li
- Manufacturing Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - David Lennon
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Stewart F Parker
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Anibal J Ramirez-Cuesta
- Neutron Technologies Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Zili Wu
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37381, United States
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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Yi H, Almatrafi E, Ma D, Huo X, Qin L, Li L, Zhou X, Zhou C, Zeng G, Lai C. Spatial confinement: A green pathway to promote the oxidation processes for organic pollutants removal from water. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 233:119719. [PMID: 36801583 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Organic pollutants removal from water is pressing owing to the great demand for clean water. Oxidation processes (OPs) are the commonly used method. However, the efficiency of most OPs is limited owing to the poor mass transfer process. Spatial confinement is a burgeoning way to solve this limitation by use of nanoreactor. Spatial confinement in OPs would (i) alter the transport characteristics of protons and charges; (ii) bring about molecular orientation and rearrangement; (iii) cause the dynamic redistribution of active sites in catalyst and reduce the entropic barrier that is high in unconfined space. So far, spatial confinement has been utilized for various OPs, such as Fenton, persulfate, and photocatalytic oxidation. A comprehensive summary and discussion on the fundamental mechanisms of spatial confinement mediated OPs is needed. Herein, the application, performance and mechanisms of spatial confinement mediated OPs are overviewed firstly. Subsequently, the features of spatial confinement and their effects on OPs are discussed in detail. Furthermore, environmental influences (including environmental pH, organic matter and inorganic ions) are studied with analyzing their intrinsic connection with the features of spatial confinement in OPs. Lastly, challenges and future development direction of spatial confinement mediated OPs are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, P.R. China; Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy and Power Systems, Center of Excellence in Desalination Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering-Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eydhah Almatrafi
- Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy and Power Systems, Center of Excellence in Desalination Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering-Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dengsheng Ma
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, P.R. China
| | - Xiuqing Huo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, P.R. China
| | - Lei Qin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, P.R. China
| | - Ling Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, P.R. China
| | - Xuerong Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, P.R. China
| | - Chengyun Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, P.R. China; Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy and Power Systems, Center of Excellence in Desalination Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering-Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, P.R. China; Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy and Power Systems, Center of Excellence in Desalination Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering-Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Cui Lai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, P.R. China; Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy and Power Systems, Center of Excellence in Desalination Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering-Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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5
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Yuan J, Gao M, Liu Z, Tang X, Tian Y, Ma G, Ye M, Zheng A. Hyperloop-like diffusion of long-chain molecules under confinement. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1735. [PMID: 36977714 PMCID: PMC10050162 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37455-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The ultrafast transport of adsorbates in confined spaces is a goal pursued by scientists. However, diffusion will be generally slower in nano-channels, as confined spaces inhibit motion. Here we show that the movement of long-chain molecules increase with a decrease in pore size, indicating that confined spaces promote transport. Inspired by a hyperloop running on a railway, we established a superfast pathway for molecules in zeolites with nano-channels. Rapid diffusion is achieved when the long-chain molecules keep moving linearly, as well as when they run along the center of the channel, while this phenomenon do not exist for short-chain molecules. This hyperloop-like diffusion is unique for long-chain molecules in a confined space and is further verified by diffusion experiments. These results offer special insights into molecule diffusion under confinement, providing a reference for the selection of efficient catalysts with rapid transport in the industrial field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingbin Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaomin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Tian
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Ma
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, People's Republic of China
| | - Mao Ye
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Anmin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Hung ST, Yamada SA, Zheng W, Fayer MD. Ultrafast Dynamics and Liquid Structure in Mesoporous Silica: Propagation of Surface Effects in a Polar Aprotic Solvent. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:10018-10034. [PMID: 34450013 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c04798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Enhancement of processes ranging from gas sorption to ion conduction in a liquid can be substantial upon nanoconfinement. Here, the dynamics of a polar aprotic solvent, 1-methylimidazole (MeIm), in mesoporous silica (2.8, 5.4, and 8.3 nm pore diameters) were examined using femtosecond infrared vibrational spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations of a dilute probe, the selenocyanate (SeCN-) anion. The long vibrational lifetime and sensitivity of the CN stretch enabled a comprehensive investigation of the relatively slow time scales and subnanometer distance dependences of the confined dynamics. Because MeIm does not readily donate hydrogen bonds, its interactions in the hydrophilic silanol pores differ more from the bulk than those of water confined in the same mesopores, resulting in greater structural order and more dramatic slowing of dynamics. The extent of surface effects was quantified by modified two-state models used to fit three spatially averaged experimental observables: vibrational lifetime, orientational relaxation, and spectral diffusion. The length scales and the models (smoothed step, exponential decay, and simple step) describing the transitions between the distinctive shell behavior at the surface and the bulk-like behavior at the pore interior were compared to those of water. The highly nonuniform distributions of the SeCN- probe and antiparallel layering of MeIm revealed by the simulations guided the interpretation of the results and development of the analytical models. The results illustrate the importance of electrostatic effects and H-bonding interactions in the behavior of confined liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha T Hung
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Steven A Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Weizhong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Michael D Fayer
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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7
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Gericke E, Wallacher D, Wendt R, Greco G, Krumrey M, Raoux S, Hoell A, Mascotto S. Direct Observation of the Xenon Physisorption Process in Mesopores by Combining In Situ Anomalous Small-Angle X-ray Scattering and X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:4018-4023. [PMID: 33878272 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The morphology and structural changes of confined matter are still far from being understood. This report deals with the development of a novel in situ method based on the combination of anomalous small-angle X-ray scattering (ASAXS) and X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy to directly probe the evolution of the xenon adsorbate phase in mesoporous silicon during gas adsorption at 165 K. The interface area and size evolution of the confined xenon phase were determined via ASAXS demonstrating that filling and emptying the pores follow two distinct mechanisms. The mass density of the confined xenon was found to decrease prior to pore emptying. XANES analyses showed that Xe exists in two different states when confined in mesopores. This combination of methods provides a smart new tool for the study of nanoconfined matter for catalysis, gas, and energy storage applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eike Gericke
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dirk Wallacher
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Wendt
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Giorgia Greco
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Krumrey
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestrasse 12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Simone Raoux
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Armin Hoell
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Simone Mascotto
- Institut für Anorganische und Angewandte Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz, 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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Bulk and Confined Benzene-Cyclohexane Mixtures Studied by an Integrated Total Neutron Scattering and NMR Method. Top Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-021-01437-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AbstractHerein mixtures of cyclohexane and benzene have been investigated in both the bulk liquid phase and when confined in MCM-41 mesopores. The bulk mixtures have been studied using total neutron scattering (TNS), and the confined mixtures have been studied by a new flow-utilising, integrated TNS and NMR system (Flow NeuNMR), all systems have been analysed using empirical potential structure refinement (EPSR). The Flow NeuNMR setup provided precise time-resolved chemical sample composition through NMR, overcoming the difficulties of ensuring compositional consistency for computational simulation of data ordinarily found in TNS experiments of changing chemical composition—such as chemical reactions. Unique to the liquid mixtures, perpendicularly oriented benzene molecules have been found at short distances from the cyclohexane rings in the regions perpendicular to the carbon–carbon bonds. Upon confinement of the hydrocarbon mixtures, a stronger parallel orientational preference of unlike molecular dimers, at short distances, has been found. At longer first coordination shell distances, the like benzene molecular spatial organisation within the mixture has also found to be altered upon confinement.
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Castillo-Blas C, Moreno JM, Romero-Muñiz I, Platero-Prats AE. Applications of pair distribution function analyses to the emerging field of non-ideal metal-organic framework materials. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:15577-15587. [PMID: 32510095 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr01673j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pair distribution function, PDF, analyses are emerging as a powerful tool to characterize non-ideal metal-organic framework (MOF) materials with compromised ordering. Although originally envisaged as crystalline porous architectures, MOFs can incorporate defects in their structures through either chemistry or mechanical stress, resulting in materials with unpredicted novel properties. Indeed, a wide variety of current non-ideal MOFs have disorder in their structures to some extent, thereby often lacking crystals. Typically, PDF experiments are performed using high-energy synchrotron X-rays or neutrons to achieve a superior high atomic resolution in short times. The PDF technique analyses both Bragg and diffuse scattering signals simultaneously, without being restricted to crystalline materials. This characteristic makes PDF analyses a powerful probe to address the structural characterization of non-ideal MOF materials both at the local and intermediate range scales, including under in situ conditions relevant to MOF synthesis, activation and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Castillo-Blas
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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10
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Zhou Y, Yamaguchi T, Zhang W, Ikeda K, Yoshida K, Zhu F, Liu H. The structural elucidation of aqueous H 3BO 3 solutions by DFT and neutron scattering studies. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:17160-17170. [PMID: 32696778 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02306j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The micro-structure of aqueous boric acid (H3BO3) solutions is of broad interest in earth sciences, geochemistry, material science, as well as chemical engineering. In the present study, the structure of aqueous H3BO3 solutions was studied via neutron scattering with 2H and 11B isotope labelling combined with empirical potential structure refinement (EPSR) modelling. In aqueous H3BO3 solutions, B(OH)3 is the dominant borate species. Density function theory (DFT) calculations show that the boron hydroxyl has a lower electrostatic potential (ESP), which makes B(OH)3 a relatively weakly hydrated, compared with the bulk water. In the 0.95 mol L-1 H3BO3 solution at 298 K (saturated), ∼18 water molecules enter the hydration sphere of B(OH)3 with the hydration distance (B-O(W)) of 3.75 Å, while only 4.23 of them hydrate with H3BO3 as the hydrogen bond (H-bond) acceptor or H-bond donor. Both neutron scattering and DFT calculations for 2B(OH)3·6H2O clusters at the ωB97XD/6-311++g(3df,3pd) basis level show that B(OH)3 forms molecular clusters in bidentate contact molecular pairs (BCMP), mono-dentate molecular pairs (MCMP), solvent-shared molecular pairs (SMP), and parallel solvent-shared molecular pairs (PSMP) in aqueous solutions. Their relative contents are both concentration- and temperature-sensitive. BCMP with the B-B distance of ∼4.1 Å is the dominant molecular pair in the aqueous solutions. Relatively less content and van der Waals interactions stabilized PSMP, with a B-B distance of ∼3.6 Å between the two parallel layers, which is a crucial species for the crystallization of H3BO3 from aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongquan Zhou
- CAS, Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Key Laboratory of Salt Lake Resources Chemistry of Qinghai Province, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China.
| | - Toshio Yamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Wenqian Zhang
- CAS, Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Key Laboratory of Salt Lake Resources Chemistry of Qinghai Province, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China.
| | - Kazutaka Ikeda
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Koji Yoshida
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Fayan Zhu
- CAS, Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Key Laboratory of Salt Lake Resources Chemistry of Qinghai Province, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China.
| | - Hongyan Liu
- CAS, Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Key Laboratory of Salt Lake Resources Chemistry of Qinghai Province, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China.
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Nagasaka M, Yuzawa H, Kosugi N. Soft X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy of Liquids for Understanding Chemical Processes in Solution. ANAL SCI 2020; 36:95-105. [PMID: 31708561 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.19r005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) involving excitation processes of a core electron to unoccupied states is an effective method to study local structures around excited C, N, and O atoms in liquid samples. Since soft X-rays are strongly absorbed by air and liquid itself, we have developed transmission-type liquid flow cells, where the absorbance of liquid samples can be easily reduced and optimized by controlling the liquid thickness. By using the transmission-mode XAS techniques, we have investigated local structures of several liquid samples such as concentration dependence of aqueous pyridine solutions and unexpected temperature-dependent structural changes in liquid benzene from the precise energy shift measurements in XAS spectra with the help of molecular dynamics simulation and inner-shell calculations. These XAS techniques are also applied to in situ/operando observation of chemical processes in solutions such as catalytic and electrochemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanari Nagasaka
- Institute for Molecular Science.,SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies)
| | | | - Nobuhiro Kosugi
- Institute for Molecular Science.,SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies)
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12
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Youngs T. Dissolve: next generation software for the interrogation of total scattering data by empirical potential generation. Mol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2019.1651918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Youngs
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
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13
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Silverwood IP. SAPO-34 Framework Contraction on Adsorption of Ammonia: A Neutron Scattering Study. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:1747-1751. [PMID: 31070296 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Neutron scattering data was recorded from SAPO-34 using the OSIRIS instrument before and after repeated ammonia adsorption at pressures up to 8 bar. Coherent scattering from the zeolite framework provides the neutron powder diffraction pattern and gave evidence for anisotropic contraction on ammonia dosing. Incoherent quasielastic scattering from the hydrogen of the ammonia showed that mobile ammonia was present in the framework. The quasielastic data was fitted to a model where the ammonia was confined within the chabazite cage in the c direction of the crystal lattice, with diffusion solely occurring through the perpendicular 8-membered rings. The calculated diffusion constant reached a maximum of 6.3×10-8 m2 s-1 at 5 bar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian P Silverwood
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxon, OX11 0QX, UK
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14
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Gao W, Cardenal AD, Wang C, Powers DC. In Operando Analysis of Diffusion in Porous Metal‐Organic Framework Catalysts. Chemistry 2018; 25:3465-3476. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen‐Yang Gao
- Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University 3255 TAMU College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Ashley D. Cardenal
- Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University 3255 TAMU College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Chen‐Hao Wang
- Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University 3255 TAMU College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - David C. Powers
- Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University 3255 TAMU College Station TX 77843 USA
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15
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Nagasaka M, Yuzawa H, Mochizuki K, Rühl E, Kosugi N. Temperature-Dependent Structural Changes in Liquid Benzene. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:5827-5832. [PMID: 30234991 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Benzene is the simplest aromatic molecule with intermolecular π-π interactions. Because ordered liquids are key structures used to study chemical and biological phenomena in the liquid state, ordered structures of benzene confined in nanopores have been extensively studied, whereas those in the liquid state are still unknown. In this study, we address fundamental questions regarding whether ordered structures of benzene are formed in the liquid state by using carbon K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) as a sensitive local probe. By comparing unexpected temperature behaviors of the π* peak in XAS spectra with model calculations, we have investigated temperature-dependent changes of ordered structures in liquid benzene caused by the increase in abundance of the parallel sandwich orientation relative to parallel displaced structures for the higher temperature. These results are confirmed by infrared spectroscopy with additional support of vibrational mode calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanari Nagasaka
- Institute for Molecular Science , Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585 , Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies) , Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585 , Japan
| | - Hayato Yuzawa
- Institute for Molecular Science , Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585 , Japan
| | - Kenji Mochizuki
- Institute for Fiber Engineering , Shinshu University , Ueda, Nagano 386-8567 , Japan
| | - Eckart Rühl
- Physikalische Chemie , Freie Universität Berlin , Takustr. 3 , D-14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Nobuhiro Kosugi
- Institute for Molecular Science , Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585 , Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies) , Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585 , Japan
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16
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Falkowska M, Bowron DT, Manyar H, Youngs TGA, Hardacre C. Confinement Effects on the Benzene Orientational Structure. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:4565-4570. [PMID: 29446870 PMCID: PMC6099463 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201713115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Liquids under confinement exhibit different properties compared with their corresponding bulk phases, for example, miscibility, phase transitions, and diffusion. The underlying cause is the local ordering of molecules, which is usually only studied using pure simulation methods. Herein, we derive experimentally the structure of benzene confined in MCM-41 using total neutron scattering measurements. The study reveals a layering of molecules across a pore, and four concentric cylindrical shells can be distinguished for a pore with the radius of 18 Å. The nanoscale confinement of the liquid has a major effect on the spatial and orientational correlations observed between the molecules, when compared with the structure of the bulk liquid. These differences are most marked for molecules in parallel configurations, and this suggests differences in chemical reactivity between the confined and bulk liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Falkowska
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical ScienceThe University of ManchesterUK
| | - Daniel T. Bowron
- ISIS Neutron and Muon SourceScience and Technology Facilities CouncilUK
| | - Haresh Manyar
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringQueen's University BelfastUK
| | | | - Christopher Hardacre
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical ScienceThe University of ManchesterUK
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17
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Leutzsch M, Falkowska M, Hughes TL, Sederman AJ, Gladden LF, Mantle MD, Youngs TGA, Bowron D, Manyar H, Hardacre C. An integrated total neutron scattering – NMR approach for the study of heterogeneous catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:10191-10194. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc04740e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
By combining total neutron scattering with nuclear magnetic resonance (NeuNMR) in a single experimental apparatus, new insights into the kinetics and mechanisms of heterogeneous catalytic reactions occurring in situ, within the catalyst pore space, are possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Leutzsch
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- Philippa Fawcett Drive
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge
- UK
| | - Marta Falkowska
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
| | - Terri-Louise Hughes
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
| | - Andrew J. Sederman
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- Philippa Fawcett Drive
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge
- UK
| | - Lynn F. Gladden
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- Philippa Fawcett Drive
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge
- UK
| | - Michael D. Mantle
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- Philippa Fawcett Drive
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge
- UK
| | | | - Daniel Bowron
- STFC ISIS Facility
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Chilton
- Didcot
- UK
| | - Haresh Manyar
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Queen's University Belfast
- UK
| | - Christopher Hardacre
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
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