1
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Nonappa. Seeing the Supracolloidal Assemblies in 3D: Unraveling High-Resolution Structures Using Electron Tomography. ACS MATERIALS AU 2024; 4:238-257. [PMID: 38737122 PMCID: PMC11083119 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialsau.3c00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging has revolutionized modern materials science, nanotechnology, and structural biology. Its ability to provide information about materials' structure, composition, and properties at atomic-level resolution has enabled groundbreaking discoveries and the development of innovative materials with precision and accuracy. Electron tomography, single particle reconstruction, and microcrystal electron diffraction techniques have paved the way for the three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of biological samples, synthetic materials, and hybrid nanostructures at near atomic-level resolution. TEM tomography using a series of two-dimensional (2D) projections has been used extensively in biological science, but in recent years it has become an important method in synthetic nanomaterials and soft matter research. TEM tomography offers unprecedented morphological details of 3D objects, internal structures, packing patterns, growth mechanisms, and self-assembly pathways of self-assembled colloidal systems. It complements other analytical tools, including small-angle X-ray scattering, and provides valuable data for computational simulations for predictive design and reverse engineering of nanomaterials with the desired structure and properties. In this perspective, I will discuss the importance of TEM tomography in the structural understanding and engineering of self-assembled nanostructures with specific emphasis on colloidal capsids, composite cages, biohybrid superlattices with complex geometries, polymer assemblies, and self-assembled protein-based superstructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nonappa
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural
Sciences, Tampere University, FI-33720 Tampere, Finland
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2
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Bose P, Kumaranchira Ramankutty K, Chakraborty P, Khatun E, Pradeep T. A concise guide to chemical reactions of atomically precise noble metal nanoclusters. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:1446-1470. [PMID: 38032061 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05128e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) with atomic precision, known as nanoclusters (NCs), are an emerging field in materials science in view of their fascinating structure-property relationships. Ultrasmall noble metal NPs have molecule-like properties that make them fundamentally unique compared with their plasmonic counterparts and bulk materials. In this review, we present a comprehensive account of the chemistry of monolayer-protected atomically precise noble metal nanoclusters with a focus on the chemical reactions, their diversity, associated kinetics, and implications. To begin with, we briefly review the history of the evolution of such precision materials. Then the review explores the diverse chemistry of noble metal nanoclusters, including ligand exchange reactions, ligand-induced structural transformations, and reactions with metal ions, metal thiolates, and halocarbons. Just as molecules do, these precision materials also undergo intercluster reactions in solution. Supramolecular forces between these systems facilitate the creation of well-defined hierarchical assemblies, composites, and hybrid materials. We conclude the review with a future perspective and scope of such chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulami Bose
- DST Unit of Nanoscience & Thematic Unit of Excellence, HSB 148, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Krishnadas Kumaranchira Ramankutty
- DST Unit of Nanoscience & Thematic Unit of Excellence, HSB 148, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Papri Chakraborty
- DST Unit of Nanoscience & Thematic Unit of Excellence, HSB 148, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Esma Khatun
- DST Unit of Nanoscience & Thematic Unit of Excellence, HSB 148, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Thalappil Pradeep
- DST Unit of Nanoscience & Thematic Unit of Excellence, HSB 148, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, Tamil Nadu, India.
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3
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Nonappa. Precision nanoengineering for functional self-assemblies across length scales. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:13800-13819. [PMID: 37902292 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02205f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
As nanotechnology continues to push the boundaries across disciplines, there is an increasing need for engineering nanomaterials with atomic-level precision for self-assembly across length scales, i.e., from the nanoscale to the macroscale. Although molecular self-assembly allows atomic precision, extending it beyond certain length scales presents a challenge. Therefore, the attention has turned to size and shape-controlled metal nanoparticles as building blocks for multifunctional colloidal self-assemblies. However, traditionally, metal nanoparticles suffer from polydispersity, uncontrolled aggregation, and inhomogeneous ligand distribution, resulting in heterogeneous end products. In this feature article, I will discuss how virus capsids provide clues for designing subunit-based, precise, efficient, and error-free self-assembly of colloidal molecules. The atomically precise nanoscale proteinic subunits of capsids display rigidity (conformational and structural) and patchy distribution of interacting sites. Recent experimental evidence suggests that atomically precise noble metal nanoclusters display an anisotropic distribution of ligands and patchy ligand bundles. This enables symmetry breaking, consequently offering a facile route for two-dimensional colloidal crystals, bilayers, and elastic monolayer membranes. Furthermore, inter-nanocluster interactions mediated via the ligand functional groups are versatile, offering routes for discrete supracolloidal capsids, composite cages, toroids, and macroscopic hierarchically porous frameworks. Therefore, engineered nanoparticles with atomically precise structures have the potential to overcome the limitations of molecular self-assembly and large colloidal particles. Self-assembly allows the emergence of new optical properties, mechanical strength, photothermal stability, catalytic efficiency, quantum yield, and biological properties. The self-assembled structures allow reproducible optoelectronic properties, mechanical performance, and accurate sensing. More importantly, the intrinsic properties of individual nanoclusters are retained across length scales. The atomically precise nanoparticles offer enormous potential for next-generation functional materials, optoelectronics, precision sensors, and photonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nonappa
- Facutly of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, FI-33720, Tampere, Finland.
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4
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Zou X, Kang X, Zhu M. Recent developments in the investigation of driving forces for transforming coinage metal nanoclusters. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:5892-5967. [PMID: 37577838 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00876a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Metal nanoclusters serve as an emerging class of modular nanomaterials. The transformation of metal nanoclusters has been fully reflected in their studies from every aspect, including the structural evolution analysis, physicochemical property regulation, and practical application promotion. In this review, we highlight the driving forces for transforming atomically precise metal nanoclusters and summarize the related transforming principles and fundamentals. Several driving forces for transforming nanoclusters are meticulously reviewed herein: ligand-exchange-induced transformations, metal-exchange-induced transformations, intercluster reactions, photochemical transformations, oxidation/reduction-induced transformations, and other factors (intrinsic instability, pH, temperature, and metal salts) triggering transformations. The exploitation of transforming principles to customize the preparations, structures, physicochemical properties, and practical applications of metal nanoclusters is also disclosed. At the end of this review, we provide our perspectives and highlight the challenges remaining for future research on the transformation of metal nanoclusters. Our intended audience is the broader scientific community interested in metal nanoclusters, and we believe that this review will provide researchers with a comprehensive synthetic toolbox and insights on the research fundamentals needed to realize more cluster-based nanomaterials with customized compositions, structures, and properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejuan Zou
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.
| | - Xi Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.
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5
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Sahoo K, Gazi TR, Roy S, Chakraborty I. Nanohybrids of atomically precise metal nanoclusters. Commun Chem 2023; 6:157. [PMID: 37495665 PMCID: PMC10372104 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-00958-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Atomically precise metal nanoclusters (NCs) with molecule-like structures are emerging nanomaterials with fascinating chemical and physical properties. Photoluminescence (PL), catalysis, sensing, etc., are some of the most intriguing and promising properties of NCs, making the metal NCs potentially beneficial in different applications. However, long-term instability under ambient conditions is often considered the primary barrier to translational research in the relevant application fields. Creating nanohybrids between such atomically precise NCs and other stable nanomaterials (0, 1, 2, or 3D) can help expand their applicability. Many such recently reported nanohybrids have gained promising attention as a new class of materials in the application field, exhibiting better stability and exciting properties of interest. This perspective highlights such nanohybrids and briefly explains their exciting properties. These hybrids are categorized based on the interactions between the NCs and other materials, such as metal-ligand covalent interactions, hydrogen-bonding, host-guest, hydrophobic, and electrostatic interactions during the formation of nanohybrids. This perspective will also capture some of the new possibilities with such nanohybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koustav Sahoo
- School of Nano Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Tapu Raihan Gazi
- School of Nano Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Soumyadip Roy
- School of Nano Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Indranath Chakraborty
- School of Nano Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
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6
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Roy J, Mondal B, Vishwakarma G, Vasanthi Sridharan N, Krishnamurthi P, Pradeep T. Dissociative reactions of [Au 25(SR) 18] - at copper oxide nanoparticles and formation of aggregated nanostructures. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:8225-8234. [PMID: 37070851 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr00897e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Reactions between nanoclusters (NCs) have been studied widely in the recent past, but such processes between NCs and metal-oxide nanoparticles (NPs), belonging to two different size ranges, have not been explored earlier. For the first time, we demonstrate the spontaneous reactions between an atomically precise NC, [Au25(PET)18]- (PET = 2-phenylethanethiolate), and polydispersed copper oxide nanoparticles with an average diameter of 50 nm under ambient conditions. These interparticle reactions result in the formation of alloy NCs and copper-doped NC fragments, which assemble to form nanospheres at the end of the reaction. High-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI MS), transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), electron tomography, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies were performed to understand the structures formed. The results from our study show that interparticle reactions can be extended to a range of chemical systems, leading to diverse alloy NCs and self-assembled colloidal superstructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayoti Roy
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) & Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Biswajit Mondal
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) & Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Gaurav Vishwakarma
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) & Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Nishanthi Vasanthi Sridharan
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) & Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Pattabiraman Krishnamurthi
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) & Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Thalappil Pradeep
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) & Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
- International Centre for Clean Water, 2nd Floor, B-Block, IIT Madras Research Park, Kanagam Road, Taramani, Chennai 600113, India.
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7
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Lin Z, Lv Y, Jin S, Yu H, Zhu M. Size Growth of Au 4Cu 4: From Increased Nucleation to Surface Capping. ACS NANO 2023; 17:8613-8621. [PMID: 37115779 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c01238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The size conversion of atomically precise metal nanoclusters is fundamental for elucidating structure-property correlations. In this study, copper salt (CuCl)-induced size growth from [Au4Cu4(Dppm)2(SAdm)5]+ (abbreviated as [Au4Cu4S5]+) to [Au4Cu6(Dppm)2(SAdm)4Cl3]+ (abbreviated as [Au4Cu6S4Cl3]+) (SAdmH = 1-adamantane mercaptan, Dppm = bis-(diphenylphosphino)methane) was investigated via experiments and density functional theory calculations. The [Au4Cu4S5]+ adopts a defective pentagonal bipyramid core structure with surface cavities, which could be easily filled with the sterically less hindered CuCl and CuSCy (i.e., core growth) (HSCy = cyclohexanethiol) but not the bulky CuSAdm. As long as the Au4Cu5 framework is formed, ligand exchange or size growth occurs easily. However, owing to the compact pentagonal bipyramid core structure, the latter growth mode occurs only for the surface-capped [Au4Cu6(Dppm)2(SAdm)4Cl3]+ structure (i.e., surface-capped size growth). A preliminary mechanistic study with density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicated that the overall conversion occurred via CuCl addition, core tautomerization, Cl migration, the second [CuCl] addition, and [CuCl]-[CuSR] exchange steps. And the [Au4Cu6(Dppm)2(SAdm)4Cl3]+ alloy nanocluster exhibits aggregation-induced emission (AIE) with an absolute luminescence quantum yield of 18.01% in the solid state. This work sheds light on the structural transformation of Au-Cu alloy nanoclusters induced by Cu(I) and contributes to the knowledge base of metal-ion-induced size conversion of metal nanoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zidong Lin
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Ying Lv
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Shan Jin
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Haizhu Yu
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
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8
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Chakraborty A, Stanley MM, Mondal B, Bodiuzzaman M, Chakraborty P, Kannan MP, Pradeep T. Tunable reactivity of silver nanoclusters: a facile route to synthesize a range of bimetallic nanostructures. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:2690-2699. [PMID: 36651628 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr06350f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Quantized energy levels and unique optoelectronic properties of atomically precise noble metal nanoclusters (NCs) have made them important in materials science, catalysis, sensors, and biomedicine. Recent studies on the profound chemical interactions of such NCs within themselves and with ultrasmall plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) indicate that depending on the size, shape, and composition of the second reactant, NCs can either take part in colloidal assembly without any chemical modifications or lead to products with atoms exchanged. Anisotropic NPs are a unique class of plasmonic nanomaterials as their sharp edges and protrusions show higher chemical reactivity compared to flat surfaces, often leading to site-specific growth of foreign metals and metal oxide shells. Here, using chemical interactions between gold nanotriangles (AuNTs) and Ag NCs of different compositions, we show for the first time that metal atom etching, alloying/atom exchange, and colloidal assembly can all happen at a particular length scale. Specifically, Ag25(DMBT)18 NCs (denoted as 1), upon reacting with AuNTs of ∼57 nm edge length, etch gold atoms from their sharp tips and edges. Simultaneously, the two nanosystems exchange metal atoms, resulting in Ag-doped AuNTs and AuxAg24-x(DMBT)18 (x = 1, 2). However, another Ag NC with the same metallic core, but a different ligand shell, namely, Ag25H22(DPPE)8 (denoted as 2), creates dendritic shells made of Ag, surrounding these AuNTs under the same reaction conditions. Furthermore, we show that in the case of a more reactive thiol-protected Ag NC, namely, Ag44(pMBA)30 (denoted as 3), gold etching is faster from the edges and tips, which drastically alters the identities of both the reactants. Interestingly, when the AuNTs are protected by pMBA, 3 systematically assembles on AuNTs through H-bonding, resulting in an AuNT core-Ag NC shell nanocomposite. Thus, while shedding light on various factors affecting the reactivity of Ag NCs towards AuNTs, the present study proposes a single strategy to obtain a number of bimetallic nanosystems of targeted morphology and functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India.
| | - Megha Maria Stanley
- Department of Chemistry, DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India.
| | - Biswajit Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India.
| | - Mohammad Bodiuzzaman
- Department of Chemistry, DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India.
| | - Papri Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India.
| | - M P Kannan
- Department of Chemistry, DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India.
| | - Thalappil Pradeep
- Department of Chemistry, DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India.
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9
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Sun X, Tang X, Gao YL, Zhao Y, Wu Q, Cao D, Shen H. An atomically precise Ag 18Cu 8 nanocluster with rich alkynyl-metal coordination structures and unique SbF 6- assembling modes. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:2316-2322. [PMID: 36636988 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05814f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating the coordination structures and assembling modes of atomically precise metal nanoclusters (NCs) remains a hot topic as it gives answers to the underlying mechanism of nanomaterials and bulk materials in terms of structure-property relationships. Here we report a novel silver-copper alloy NC featuring rich alkynyl-metal coordination modes and unique SbF6- assembling structures. The NC, with the composition of [Ag18Cu8(dppp)4(tBu-C6H4CC)22](SbF6)4 (dppp = 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)-propane), was prepared by a stepwise synthetic approach. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that such a NC featured a staircase-like Ag18Cu8 kernel, which was protected by hybrid alkynyl and dppp ligands in diverse coordination structures and multiple environments. The structural analysis also revealed the unique function of SbF6- in inducing the assembly of cluster moieties, highlighting the importance of counterions in assembling nanomolecules. The diverse coordination structures of the protective ligands with metal ions and the indispensable roles of counterions in assembling the cluster moieties have also been supported by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) studies, making it a model system to showcase the uniqueness of atomically precise metal NCs in illustrating the coordination chemistry of nanomaterials and bulk materials at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Sun
- College of Energy Materials and Chemistry, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
| | - Xiongkai Tang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yan-Li Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, China
| | - Yujuan Zhao
- College of Energy Materials and Chemistry, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
| | - Qingyuan Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Dongxu Cao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Hui Shen
- College of Energy Materials and Chemistry, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
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10
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Li H, Wang P, Zhu C, Zhang W, Zhou M, Zhang S, Zhang C, Yun Y, Kang X, Pei Y, Zhu M. Triple-Helical Self-Assembly of Atomically Precise Nanoclusters. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:23205-23213. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Pu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Chen Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Meng Zhou
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - San Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Chunfeng Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yapei Yun
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Xi Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Yong Pei
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
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11
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Saito Y, Murata C, Sugiuchi M, Shichibu Y, Konishi K. Ligand-coordinated metal clusters in condensed states: Self-assemblies, crystals, and covalent networks. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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12
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Metal Cluster Triggered-Assembling Heterogeneous Au-Ag Nanoclusters with Highly Loading Performance and Biocompatible Capability. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911197. [PMID: 36232494 PMCID: PMC9569858 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we firstly report the preparation of heterogeneously assembled structures Au-Ag nanoclusters (NCs) as good drug carriers with high loading performance and biocompatible capability. As glutathione-protected Au and Ag clusters self-assembled into porous Au-Ag NCs, the size value is about 1.358 (±0.05) nm. The morphology characterization revealed that the diameter of Au-Ag NCs is approximately 120 nm, as well as the corresponding potential ability in loading performance of the metal cluster triggered-assembling process. Compared with individual components, the stability and loading performance of heterogeneous Au-Ag NCs were improved and exhibit that the relative biocompatibility was enhanced. The exact information about this is that cell viability was approximately to 98% when cells were incubated with 100 µg mL−1 particle solution for 3 days. The drug release of Adriamycin from Au-Ag NCs was carried out in PBS at pH = 7.4 and 5.8, respectively. By simulating in vivo and tumor microenvironment, the release efficiency could reach over 65% at pH = 5.8 but less than 30% at pH = 7.2. Using an ultrasound field as external environment can accelerate the assembling process while metal clusters triggered assembling Au-Ag NCs. The size and morphology of the assembled Au-Ag NCs can be controlled by using different power parameters (8 W, 13 W, 18 W) under ambient atmosphere. Overall, a novel approach is exhibited, which conveys assembling work for metal clusters triggers into heterogeneous structures with porous characteristic. Its existing properties such as water-solubility, stability, low toxicity and capsulation can be considered as dependable agents in various biomedical applications and drug carriers in immunotherapies.
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Som A, Griffo A, Chakraborty I, Hähl H, Mondal B, Chakraborty A, Jacobs K, Laaksonen P, Ikkala O, Pradeep T. Strong and Elastic Membranes via Hydrogen Bonding Directed Self-Assembly of Atomically Precise Nanoclusters. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2201707. [PMID: 35914899 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202201707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
2D nanomaterials have provided an extraordinary palette of mechanical, electrical, optical, and catalytic properties. Ultrathin 2D nanomaterials are classically produced via exfoliation, delamination, deposition, or advanced synthesis methods using a handful of starting materials. Thus, there is a need to explore more generic avenues to expand the feasibility to the next generation 2D materials beyond atomic and molecular-level covalent networks. In this context, self-assembly of atomically precise noble nanoclusters can, in principle, suggest modular approaches for new generation 2D materials, provided that the ligand engineering allows symmetry breaking and directional internanoparticle interactions. Here the self-assembly of silver nanoclusters (NCs) capped with p-mercaptobenzoic acid ligands (Na4 Ag44 -pMBA30 ) into large-area freestanding membranes by trapping the NCs in a transient solvent layer at air-solvent interfaces is demonstrated. The patchy distribution of ligand bundles facilitates symmetry breaking and preferential intralayer hydrogen bondings resulting in strong and elastic membranes. The membranes with Young's modulus of 14.5 ± 0.2 GPa can readily be transferred to different substrates. The assemblies allow detection of Raman active antibiotic molecules with high reproducibility without any need for substrate pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Som
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Espoo, FI-02150, Finland
| | - Alessandra Griffo
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, FI-02150, Finland
- Department of Experimental Physics, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Max Planck School Matter to Life, Jahnstraße 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Indranath Chakraborty
- DST Unit of Nanoscience and Thematic Unit of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
- School of Nano Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Hendrik Hähl
- Department of Experimental Physics, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Biswajit Mondal
- DST Unit of Nanoscience and Thematic Unit of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Amrita Chakraborty
- DST Unit of Nanoscience and Thematic Unit of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Karin Jacobs
- Department of Experimental Physics, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Max Planck School Matter to Life, Jahnstraße 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Päivi Laaksonen
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, FI-02150, Finland
| | - Olli Ikkala
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Espoo, FI-02150, Finland
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, FI-02150, Finland
| | - Thalappil Pradeep
- DST Unit of Nanoscience and Thematic Unit of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
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14
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Nag A, Pradeep T. Assembling Atomically Precise Noble Metal Nanoclusters Using Supramolecular Interactions. ACS NANOSCIENCE AU 2022; 2:160-178. [PMID: 37101822 PMCID: PMC10114813 DOI: 10.1021/acsnanoscienceau.1c00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular chemistry (SC) of noble metal nanoclusters (NMNCs) is one of the fascinating areas of contemporary materials science. It is principally concerned with the noncovalent interactions between NMNCs, as well as between NMNCs and molecules or nanoparticles. This review focuses on recent advances in the supramolecular assembly of NMNCs and applications of the resulting structures. We have divided the topics into four distinct subgroups: (i) SC of NMNCs in gaseous and solution phases, (ii) supramolecular interactions of NMNCs in crystal lattices, (iii) supramolecular assemblies of NMNCs with nanoparticles and NMNCs, and (iv) SC of NMNCs with other molecules. The last explores their interactions with fullerenes, cyclodextrins, cucurbiturils, crown ethers, and more. After discussing these topics concisely, various emerging properties of the assembled systems in terms of their mechanical, optical, magnetic, charge-transfer, etc. properties and applications are presented. SC is seen to provide a crucial role to induce new physical and chemical properties in such hybrid nanomaterials. Finally, we highlight the scope for expansion and future research in the area. This review would be useful to those working on functional nanostructures in general and NMNCs in particular.
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15
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Linko V, Zhang H, Nonappa, Kostiainen MA, Ikkala O. From Precision Colloidal Hybrid Materials to Advanced Functional Assemblies. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:1785-1795. [PMID: 35647700 PMCID: PMC9260957 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
ConspectusThe concept of colloids encompasses a wide range of isotropic and anisotropic particles with diverse sizes, shapes, and functions from synthetic nanoparticles, nanorods, and nanosheets to functional biological units. They are addressed in materials science for various functions, while they are ubiquitous in the biological world for multiple functions. A large variety of synthetic colloids have been researched due to their scientific and technological importance; still they characteristically suffer from finite size distributions, imperfect shapes and interactions, and not fully engineered functions. This contrasts with biological colloids that offer precision in their size, shape, and functionality. Materials science has searched for inspiration from the biological world to allow structural control by self-assembly and hierarchy and to identify novel routes for combinations of functions in bio-inspiration.Herein, we first discuss different approaches for highly defined structural control of technically relevant synthetic colloids based on guided assemblies of biological motifs. First, we describe how polydisperse nanoparticles can be assembled within hollow protein cages to allow well-defined assemblies and hierarchical packings. Another approach relies on DNA nanotechnology-based assemblies, where engineered DNA structures allow programmed assembly. Then we will discuss synthetic colloids that have either particularly narrow size dispersity or even atomically precise structures for new assemblies and potential functions. Such colloids can have well-defined packings for membranes allowing high modulus. They can be switchable using light-responsive moieties, and they can initiate packing of larger assemblies of different geometrical shapes. The emphasis is on atomically defined nanoclusters that allow well-defined assemblies by supramolecular interactions, such as directional hydrogen bonding. Finally, we will discuss stimulus-responsive colloids for new functions, even toward complex responsive functions inspired by life. Therein, stimulus-responsive materials inspired by biological learning could allow the next generation of such materials. Classical conditioning is among the simplest biological learning concepts, requiring two stimuli and triggerable memory. Therein we use thermoresponsive hydrogels with plasmonic gold nanoparticles and a spiropyran photoacid as a model. Heating is the unconditioned stimulus leading to melting of the thermoresponsive gel, whereas light (at a specified wavelength) originally leads to reduced pH without plasmonic or structural changes because of steric gel stabilization. Under heat-induced gel melting, light results in pH-decrease and chain-like aggregation of the gold nanoparticles, allowing a new plasmonic response. Thus, simultaneous heating and light irradiation allow conditioning for a newly derived stimulus, where the logic diagram is analogous to Pavlovian conditioning. The shown assemblies demonstrate the different functionalities achievable using colloids when the sizes and the dispersity are controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veikko Linko
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University School of Chemical Engineering, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Hang Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Nonappa
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Mauri A. Kostiainen
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University School of Chemical Engineering, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Olli Ikkala
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University School of Chemical Engineering, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
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16
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Sun PP, Han BL, Li HG, Zhang CK, Xin X, Dou JM, Gao ZY, Sun D. Real-Time Fluorescent Monitoring of Kinetically Controlled Supramolecular Self-Assembly of Atom-Precise Cu 8 Nanocluster. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200180. [PMID: 35191142 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Kinetically stable and long-lived intermediates are crucial in monitoring the progress and understanding of supramolecular self-assembly of diverse aggregated structures with collective functions. Herein, the complex dynamics of an atomically precise CuI nanocluster [Cu8 (t BuC6 H4 S)8 (PPh3 )4 ] (Cu8a) is systematically investigated. Remarkably, by monitoring the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) and electron microscopy of the kinetically stable intermediates in real time, the directed self-assembly (DSA) process of Cu8a is deduced. The polymorphism and different emission properties of Cu NCs aggregates were successfully captured, allowing the structure-optical property relationship to be established. More importantly, the utilization of a mathematical "permutation and combination" ideology by introducing a heterogeneous luminescent agent of a carbon dot (CD) to Cu8a aggregates enriches the "visualization" fluorescence window, which offers great potential in real time application for optical sensing of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan-Pan Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250100, P.R. China
| | - Bao-Liang Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250100, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Guang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250100, P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Kai Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250100, P.R. China
| | - Xia Xin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250100, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Min Dou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Yong Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China
| | - Di Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250100, P.R. China
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17
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Real‐Time Fluorescent Monitoring of Kinetically Controlled Supramolecular Self‐Assembly of Atom‐Precise Cu
8
Nanocluster. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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18
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Pavelka O, Kvakova K, Vesely J, Mizera J, Cigler P, Valenta J. Optically coupled gold nanostructures: plasmon enhanced luminescence from gold nanorod-nanocluster hybrids. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:3166-3178. [PMID: 35142320 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr08254j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photoluminescent (PL) gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) show many advantages over conventional semiconductor quantum dots, however, their application potential is limited by their relatively low absorption cross-section and quantum yield. Plasmonic enhancement is a common strategy for improving the performance of weak fluorophores, yet in the case of AuNCs this method is still poorly explored. Here a robust synthetic approach to a compact plasmonic nanostructure enhancing significantly the PL of AuNCs is presented. Two gold nanostructures, AuNCs and plasmonic gold nanorods (AuNRs), are assembled in a compact core-shell nanostructure with tunable geometry and optical properties. The unprecedented degree of control over the structural parameters of the nanostructure allows to study the effects of several parameters, such as excitation wavelength, AuNC-AuNR distance, and relative loading of AuNCs per single AuNR. Consequently, a more general method to measure and evaluate enhancement independently of the absolute particle concentrations is introduced. The highest PL intensity enhancement is obtained when the excitation wavelength matches the strong longitudinal plasmonic band of the AuNRs and when the separation distance between AuNCs and AuNRs decreases to 5 nm. The results presented are relevant for the application of AuNCs in optoelectronic devices and bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Pavelka
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 3, 121 16, Prague, Czechia.
| | - Klaudia Kvakova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, 166 10, Prague, Czechia.
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Katerinska 1660/32, 121 08, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jozef Vesely
- Department of Physics of Materials, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 3, 121 16, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jiri Mizera
- Department of Nuclear Spectroscopy, Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 250 68, Rez, Czechia
| | - Petr Cigler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, 166 10, Prague, Czechia.
| | - Jan Valenta
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 3, 121 16, Prague, Czechia.
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19
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Chakraborty A, Dave H, Mondal B, Nonappa, Khatun E, Pradeep T. Shell-Isolated Assembly of Atomically Precise Nanoclusters on Gold Nanorods for Integrated Plasmonic-Luminescent Nanocomposites. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:1842-1851. [PMID: 35179896 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c10207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we integrate atomically precise noble metal nanoclusters (NCs) on gold nanorods (AuNRs) to create hybrid plasmonic-luminescent nanomaterials. Initially, we assemble luminescent Ag29(LA)12 NC (LA = lipoic acid) to silica shell-encapsulated AuNRs. The resulting nanostructure shows plasmon-enhanced luminescence in aqueous medium as well as in the solid state. Atomic precision of the fluorophores used in this case allows detailed characterization of individual nanocomposites by diverse techniques, including transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and 3D electron tomographic reconstruction. We extend this strategy to prepare similar structures with gold NC protected with bovine serum albumin (Au30BSA). These two examples demonstrate the generic nature of the present strategy in preparing plasmonic-luminescent hybrid nanostructures using atomically precise NCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Chakraborty
- DST Unit of Nanoscience and Thematic Unit of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Harsh Dave
- DST Unit of Nanoscience and Thematic Unit of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Biswajit Mondal
- DST Unit of Nanoscience and Thematic Unit of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Nonappa
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, FI-33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - Esma Khatun
- DST Unit of Nanoscience and Thematic Unit of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Thalappil Pradeep
- DST Unit of Nanoscience and Thematic Unit of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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20
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Kolay S, Bain D, Maity S, Devi A, Patra A, Antoine R. Self-Assembled Metal Nanoclusters: Driving Forces and Structural Correlation with Optical Properties. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12030544. [PMID: 35159891 PMCID: PMC8838213 DOI: 10.3390/nano12030544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Studies on self-assembly of metal nanoclusters (MNCs) are an emerging field of research owing to their significant optical properties and potential applications in many areas. Fabricating the desired self-assembly structure for specific implementation has always been challenging in nanotechnology. The building blocks organize themselves into a hierarchical structure with a high order of directional control in the self-assembly process. An overview of the recent achievements in the self-assembly chemistry of MNCs is summarized in this review article. Here, we investigate the underlying mechanism for the self-assembly structures, and analysis reveals that van der Waals forces, electrostatic interaction, metallophilic interaction, and amphiphilicity are the crucial parameters. In addition, we discuss the principles of template-mediated interaction and the effect of external stimuli on assembly formation in detail. We also focus on the structural correlation of the assemblies with their photophysical properties. A deep perception of the self-assembly mechanism and the degree of interactions on the excited state dynamics is provided for the future synthesis of customizable MNCs with promising applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Kolay
- School of Materials Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India; (S.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Dipankar Bain
- Energy and Environment Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali 140306, India; (D.B.); (A.D.)
| | - Subarna Maity
- School of Materials Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India; (S.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Aarti Devi
- Energy and Environment Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali 140306, India; (D.B.); (A.D.)
| | - Amitava Patra
- School of Materials Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India; (S.K.); (S.M.)
- Energy and Environment Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali 140306, India; (D.B.); (A.D.)
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (R.A.)
| | - Rodolphe Antoine
- CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière UMR 5306, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (R.A.)
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21
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Zheng J, Cheng X, Zhang H, Bai X, Ai R, Shao L, Wang J. Gold Nanorods: The Most Versatile Plasmonic Nanoparticles. Chem Rev 2021; 121:13342-13453. [PMID: 34569789 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanorods (NRs), pseudo-one-dimensional rod-shaped nanoparticles (NPs), have become one of the burgeoning materials in the recent years due to their anisotropic shape and adjustable plasmonic properties. With the continuous improvement in synthetic methods, a variety of materials have been attached around Au NRs to achieve unexpected or improved plasmonic properties and explore state-of-the-art technologies. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the latest progress on Au NRs, the most versatile anisotropic plasmonic NPs. We present a representative overview of the advances in the synthetic strategies and outline an extensive catalogue of Au-NR-based heterostructures with tailored architectures and special functionalities. The bottom-up assembly of Au NRs into preprogrammed metastructures is then discussed, as well as the design principles. We also provide a systematic elucidation of the different plasmonic properties associated with the Au-NR-based structures, followed by a discussion of the promising applications of Au NRs in various fields. We finally discuss the future research directions and challenges of Au NRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapeng Zheng
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Xizhe Cheng
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Xiaopeng Bai
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Ruoqi Ai
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Lei Shao
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianfang Wang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
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22
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Pan P, Zhou C, Li H, Zhu C, Chen C, Kang X, Zhu M. Reversible transformation between Au 14Ag 8 and Au 14Ag 4 nanoclusters. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:17162-17167. [PMID: 34636384 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr05123g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although several approaches have been exploited to trigger the structural transformation of metal nanoclusters, most cases are assigned to the unidirectional conversion, while the reversible conversion of nanoclusters remains challenging. In this work, the reversible conversion between two Au-Ag alloy nanoclusters, Au14Ag8(Dppm)6(CN)4Cl4 and Au14Ag4(Dppm)6Cl4, has been accomplished, which was tracked by UV-vis and ESI-MS spectroscopy. The condition of the nanocluster reversible conversion has been meticulously mapped out. Our results provide some new insights into the cluster transformation, which will benefit the future preparation of metalloid clusters with customized structures and properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyao Pan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Anhui University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Chuanjun Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Anhui University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Anhui University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Chen Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Anhui University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
| | - Xi Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Anhui University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Anhui University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
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23
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Bera D, Goswami N. Driving Forces and Routes for Aggregation-Induced Emission-Based Highly Luminescent Metal Nanocluster Assembly. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:9033-9046. [PMID: 34516135 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The development of ultrasmall, luminescent metal nanoclusters (MNCs) with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics is a relatively new research area that has gained significant attention in various multidisciplinary applications such as optoelectronics, sensing, imaging, and therapy. The numerous scientific breakthroughs in the AIE field provide many tools that, if incorporated into MNCs design strategies, could help realize various new and exciting MNC-based avenues that maximize the utilization of the AIE phenomenon. Indeed, leveraging the aggregation strategies from the AIE community with the judicious use of various covalent and noncovalent interactions has been demonstrated to be effective for constructing several MNC-based hybrid assemblies with enhanced AIE characteristics. In this Perspective, we summarize the key driving forces and routes of MNC assembly together with their impact on deciphering the working mechanism behind the AIE process. These strategies can inspire the design of highly luminescent MNC-based hierarchical functional materials across multiple length scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debkumar Bera
- Materials Chemistry Department, CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Acharya Vihar, Bhubaneswar 751013, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Nirmal Goswami
- Materials Chemistry Department, CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Acharya Vihar, Bhubaneswar 751013, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201 002, India
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24
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Rival JV, Mymoona P, Lakshmi KM, Pradeep T, Shibu ES. Self-Assembly of Precision Noble Metal Nanoclusters: Hierarchical Structural Complexity, Colloidal Superstructures, and Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2005718. [PMID: 33491918 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202005718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ligand protected noble metal nanoparticles are excellent building blocks for colloidal self-assembly. Metal nanoparticle self-assembly offers routes for a wide range of multifunctional nanomaterials with enhanced optoelectronic properties. The emergence of atomically precise monolayer thiol-protected noble metal nanoclusters has overcome numerous challenges such as uncontrolled aggregation, polydispersity, and directionalities faced in plasmonic nanoparticle self-assemblies. Because of their well-defined molecular compositions, enhanced stability, and diverse surface functionalities, nanoclusters offer an excellent platform for developing colloidal superstructures via the self-assembly driven by surface ligands and metal cores. More importantly, recent reports have also revealed the hierarchical structural complexity of several nanoclusters. In this review, the formulation and periodic self-assembly of different noble metal nanoclusters are focused upon. Further, self-assembly induced amplification of physicochemical properties, and their potential applications in molecular recognition, sensing, gas storage, device fabrication, bioimaging, therapeutics, and catalysis are discussed. The topics covered in this review are extensively associated with state-of-the-art achievements in the field of precision noble metal nanoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose V Rival
- Smart Materials Lab, Electrochemical Power Sources (ECPS) Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630003, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)-CSIR, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Paloli Mymoona
- Smart Materials Lab, Electrochemical Power Sources (ECPS) Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630003, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)-CSIR, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Kavalloor Murali Lakshmi
- Smart Materials Lab, Electrochemical Power Sources (ECPS) Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630003, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)-CSIR, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Thalappil Pradeep
- Department of Chemistry, DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600036, India
| | - Edakkattuparambil Sidharth Shibu
- Smart Materials Lab, Electrochemical Power Sources (ECPS) Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630003, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)-CSIR, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
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Nie Y, Tao X, Zhou Y, Yuan X, Zhuo Y, Chai YQ, Yuan R. Kill Three Birds with One Stone: Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-Hosted Ag Nanoclusters with Boosted Cathodic Electrochemiluminescence for Biosensing Application. Anal Chem 2020; 93:1120-1125. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yamin Nie
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Xiuli Tao
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoding Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Ying Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Ya-qin Chai
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Ruo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
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Yao Q, Wu Z, Liu Z, Lin Y, Yuan X, Xie J. Molecular reactivity of thiolate-protected noble metal nanoclusters: synthesis, self-assembly, and applications. Chem Sci 2020; 12:99-127. [PMID: 34163584 PMCID: PMC8178751 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04620e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiolate-protected noble metal (e.g., Au and Ag) nanoclusters (NCs) are ultra-small particles with a core size of less than 3 nm. Due to the strong quantum confinement effects and diverse atomic packing modes in this ultra-small size regime, noble metal NCs exhibit numerous molecule-like optical, magnetic, and electronic properties, making them an emerging family of "metallic molecules". Based on such molecule-like structures and properties, an individual noble metal NC behaves as a molecular entity in many chemical reactions, and exhibits structurally sensitive molecular reactivity to various ions, molecules, and other metal NCs. Although this molecular reactivity determines the application of NCs in various fields such as sensors, biomedicine, and catalysis, there is still a lack of systematic summary of the molecular interaction/reaction fundamentals of noble metal NCs at the molecular and atomic levels in the current literature. Here, we discuss the latest progress in understanding and exploiting the molecular interactions/reactions of noble metal NCs in their synthesis, self-assembly and application scenarios, based on the typical M(0)@M(i)-SR core-shell structure scheme, where M and SR are the metal atom and thiolate ligand, respectively. In particular, the continuous development of synthesis and characterization techniques has enabled noble metal NCs to be produced with molecular purity and atomically precise structural resolution. Such molecular purity and atomically precise structure, coupled with the great help of theoretical calculations, have revealed the active sites in various structural hierarchies of noble metal NCs (e.g., M(0) core, M-S interface, and SR ligand) for their molecular interactions/reactions. The anatomy of such molecular interactions/reactions of noble metal NCs in synthesis, self-assembly, and applications (e.g., sensors, biomedicine, and catalysis) constitutes another center of our discussion. The basis and practicality of the molecular interactions/reactions of noble metal NCs exemplified in this Review may increase the acceptance of metal NCs in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaofeng Yao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 Singapore 117585
| | - Zhennan Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 Singapore 117585
| | - Zhihe Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 Singapore 117585
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City Fuzhou China 350207
| | - Yingzheng Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 Singapore 117585
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City Fuzhou China 350207
| | - Xun Yuan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China 266042
| | - Jianping Xie
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 Singapore 117585
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City Fuzhou China 350207
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Zhou T, Li Q, Chen Y, Jiang X. Ligand-regulated self-assembly of luminescent Au nanoparticles towards diverse controllable superstructures. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:14023-14026. [PMID: 33099586 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05732k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Only using one type of amphiphilic block copolymers as a template, we present a facile and robust approach to in situ fabricate a series of brightly emitting Au nano-assemblies with high controllability and tunability. Simply by altering thiol ligands, the Au nano-assemblies display diverse superstructures including fibers, vesicles, and honeycombs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyao Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China.
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28
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Bose P, Chakraborty P, Mohanty JS, Ray Chowdhuri A, Khatun E, Ahuja T, Mahendranath A, Pradeep T. Atom transfer between precision nanoclusters and polydispersed nanoparticles: a facile route for monodisperse alloy nanoparticles and their superstructures. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:22116-22128. [PMID: 33118573 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr04033a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Reactions between atomically precise noble metal nanoclusters (NCs) have been studied widely in the recent past, but such processes between NCs and plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) have not been explored earlier. For the first time, we demonstrate spontaneous reactions between an atomically precise NC, Au25(PET)18 (PET = 2-phenylethanethiol), and polydispersed silver NPs with an average diameter of 4 nm and protected with PET, resulting in alloy NPs under ambient conditions. These reactions were specific to the nature of the protecting ligands as no reaction was observed between the Au25(SBB)18 NC (SBB = 4-(tert-butyl)benzyl mercaptan) and the very same silver NPs. The mechanism involves an interparticle exchange of the metal and ligand species where the metal-ligand interface plays a vital role in controlling the reaction. The reaction proceeds through transient Au25-xAgx(PET)n alloy cluster intermediates as observed in time-dependent electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI MS). High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) analysis of the resulting dispersion showed the transformation of polydispersed silver NPs into highly monodisperse gold-silver alloy NPs which assembled to form 2-dimensional superlattices. Using NPs of other average sizes (3 and 8 nm), we demonstrated that size plays an important role in the reactivity as observed in ESI MS and HRTEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulami Bose
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India.
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Kang X, Li Y, Zhu M, Jin R. Atomically precise alloy nanoclusters: syntheses, structures, and properties. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:6443-6514. [PMID: 32760953 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00633h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metal nanoclusters fill the gap between discrete atoms and plasmonic nanoparticles, providing unique opportunities for investigating the quantum effects and precise structure-property correlations at the atomic level. As a versatile strategy, alloying can largely improve the physicochemical performances compared to the corresponding homo-metal nanoclusters, and thus benefit the applications of such nanomaterials. In this review, we highlight the achievements of atomically precise alloy nanoclusters, and summarize the alloying principles and fundamentals, including the synthetic methods, site-preferences for different heteroatoms in the templates, and alloying-induced structure and property changes. First, based on various Au or Ag nanocluster templates, heteroatom doping modes are presented. The templates with electronic shell-closing configurations tend to maintain their structures during doping, while the others may undergo transformation and give rise to alloy nanoclusters with new structures. Second, alloy nanoclusters of specific magic sizes are reviewed. The arrangement of different atoms is related to the symmetry of the structures; that is, different atoms are symmetrically located in the nanoclusters of smaller sizes, and evolve into shell-by-shell structures at larger sizes. Then, we elaborate on the alloying effects in terms of optical, electrochemical, electroluminescent, magnetic and chiral properties, as well as the stability and reactivity via comparisons between the doped nanoclusters and their homo-metal counterparts. For example, central heteroatom-induced photoluminescence enhancement is emphasized. The applications of alloy nanoclusters in catalysis, chemical sensing, bio-labeling, and other fields are further discussed. Finally, we provide perspectives on existing issues and future efforts. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive synthetic toolbox and controllable doping modes so as to achieve more alloy nanoclusters with customized compositions, structures, and properties for applications. This review is based on publications available up to February 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.
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Wei X, Kang X, Zuo Z, Song F, Wang S, Zhu M. Hierarchical structural complexity in atomically precise nanocluster frameworks. Natl Sci Rev 2020; 8:nwaa077. [PMID: 34691583 PMCID: PMC8288395 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaa077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The supramolecular chemistry of nanoclusters is a flourishing area of nano-research; however, the controllable assembly of cluster nano-building blocks in different arrays remains challenging. In this work, we report the hierarchical structural complexity of atomically precise nanoclusters in micrometric linear chains (1D array), grid networks (2D array) and superstructures (3D array). In the crystal lattice, the Ag29(SSR)12(PPh3)4 nanoclusters can be viewed as unassembled cluster dots (Ag29–0D). In the presence of Cs+ cations, the Ag29(SSR)12 nano-building blocks are selectively assembled into distinct arrays with different oxygen-carrying solvent molecules―Cs@Ag29(SSR)12(DMF)x as 1D linear chains (Ag29–1D), Cs@Ag29(SSR)12(NMP)x as 2D grid networks (Ag29–2D), and Cs@Ag29(SSR)12(TMS)x as 3D superstructures (Ag29–3D). Such self-assemblies of these Ag29(SSR)12 units have not only been observed in their crystalline state, but also in their amorphous state. Due to the diverse surface structures and crystalline packing modes, these Ag29-based assemblies manifest distinguishable optical absorptions and emissions in both solutions and crystallized films. Furthermore, the surface areas of the nanocluster crystals are evaluated, the maximum value of which occurs when the cluster nano-building blocks are assembled into 2D arrays (i.e. Ag29–2D). Overall, this work presents an exciting example of the hierarchical assembly of atomically precise nanoclusters by simply controlling the adsorbed molecules on the cluster surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Xi Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Zewen Zuo
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Atomic Manufacture Institute, Nanjing 211805, China
| | - Fengqi Song
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Atomic Manufacture Institute, Nanjing 211805, China
| | - Shuxin Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education, Hefei 230601, China
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Veenstra AP, Monzel L, Baksi A, Czekner J, Lebedkin S, Schneider EK, Pradeep T, Unterreiner AN, Kappes MM. Ultrafast Intersystem Crossing in Isolated Ag 29(BDT) 123- Probed by Time-Resolved Pump-Probe Photoelectron Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:2675-2681. [PMID: 32167769 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The photophysics of the isolated trianion Ag29(BDT)123- (BDT = benzenedithiolate), a ligand-protected cluster comprising BDT-based ligands, terminating a shell of silver thiolates and a core of silver atoms, was studied in the gas phase by femtosecond time-resolved, pump-probe photoelectron spectroscopy. UV excitation at 490 nm populates one or more singlet excited states with significant charge transfer (CT) character in which electron density is shifted from shell to core. These CT states relax on an average time scale of several hundred femtoseconds by charge recombination to yield either the vibrationally excited singlet ground state (internal conversion) or a long-lived triplet (intersystem crossing). Our study is the first ultrafast spectroscopic probe of a ligand-protected coinage metal cluster in isolation. In the future, it will be interesting to study how cluster size, overall charge state, or heteroatom doping can be used to tune the corresponding relaxation dynamics in the absence of solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aron P Veenstra
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Laurenz Monzel
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ananya Baksi
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Joseph Czekner
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sergei Lebedkin
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Erik K Schneider
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Thalappil Pradeep
- DST Unit of Nanoscience and Thematic Unit of Excellence, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, 600036 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Manfred M Kappes
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute of Quantum Materials and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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32
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Nonappa. Luminescent gold nanoclusters for bioimaging applications. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 11:533-546. [PMID: 32280577 PMCID: PMC7136552 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.11.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Luminescent nanomaterials have emerged as attractive candidates for sensing, catalysis and bioimaging applications in recent years. For practical use in bioimaging, nanomaterials with high photoluminescence, quantum yield, photostability and large Stokes shifts are needed. While offering high photoluminescence and quantum yield, semiconductor quantum dots suffer from toxicity and are susceptible to oxidation. In this context, atomically precise gold nanoclusters protected by thiol monolayers have emerged as a new class of luminescent nanomaterials. Low toxicity, bioavailability, photostability as well as tunable size, composition, and optoelectronic properties make them suitable for bioimaging and biosensing applications. In this review, an overview of the sensing of pathogens, and of in vitro and in vivo bioimaging using luminescent gold nanoclusters along with the limitations with selected examples are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nonappa
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, Puumiehenkuja 2, FI-02150, Espoo, Finland
- Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University School of Chemical Engineering, Kemistintie 1, FI-02150, Espoo, Finland
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33
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Intra-cluster growth meets inter-cluster assembly: The molecular and supramolecular chemistry of atomically precise nanoclusters. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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34
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He L, Gan Z, Xia N, Liao L, Wu Z. Alternating Array Stacking of Ag 26 Au and Ag 24 Au Nanoclusters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:9897-9901. [PMID: 31070836 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201900831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
An assembly strategy for metal nanoclusters using electrostatic interactions with weak interactions, such as C-H⋅⋅⋅π and π⋅⋅⋅π interactions in which cationic [Ag26 Au(2-EBT)18 (PPh3 )6 ]+ and anionic [Ag24 Au(2-EBT)18 ]- nanoclusters gather and assemble in an unusual alternating array stacking structure is presented. [Ag26 Au(2-EBT)18 (PPh3 )6 ]+ [Ag24 Au(2-EBT)18 ]- is a new compound type, a double nanocluster ion compound (DNIC). A single nanocluster ion compound (SNIC) [PPh4 ]+ [Ag24 Au(2-EBT)18 ]- was also synthesized, having a k-vector-differential crystallographic arrangement. [PPh4 ]+ [Ag24 Au(2,4-DMBT)18 ]- adopts a different assembly mode from both [Ag26 Au(2-EBT)18 (PPh3 )6 ]+ [Ag24 Au(2-EBT)18 ]- and [PPh4 ]+ [Ag24 Au(2-EBT)18 ]- . Thus, the striking packing differences of [Ag26 Au(2-EBT)18 (PPh3 )6 ]+ [Ag24 Au(2-EBT)18 ]- , [PPh4 ]+ [Ag24 Au(2-EBT)18 ]- and the existing [PPh4 ]+ [Ag24 Au(2,4-DMBT)18 ]- from each other indicate the notable influence of ligands and counterions on the self-assembly of nanoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhong He
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China.,Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zibao Gan
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China.,Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
| | - Nan Xia
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China.,Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
| | - Lingwen Liao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China.,Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
| | - Zhikun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China.,Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
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35
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He L, Gan Z, Xia N, Liao L, Wu Z. Alternating Array Stacking of Ag26Au and Ag24Au Nanoclusters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201900831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lizhong He
- Key Laboratory of Materials PhysicsAnhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and NanotechnologyCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceInstitute of Solid State PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Hefei 230031 P. R. China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information TechnologyAnhui University Hefei 230031 P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
| | - Zibao Gan
- Key Laboratory of Materials PhysicsAnhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and NanotechnologyCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceInstitute of Solid State PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Hefei 230031 P. R. China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information TechnologyAnhui University Hefei 230031 P. R. China
| | - Nan Xia
- Key Laboratory of Materials PhysicsAnhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and NanotechnologyCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceInstitute of Solid State PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Hefei 230031 P. R. China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information TechnologyAnhui University Hefei 230031 P. R. China
| | - Lingwen Liao
- Key Laboratory of Materials PhysicsAnhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and NanotechnologyCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceInstitute of Solid State PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Hefei 230031 P. R. China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information TechnologyAnhui University Hefei 230031 P. R. China
| | - Zhikun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Materials PhysicsAnhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and NanotechnologyCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceInstitute of Solid State PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Hefei 230031 P. R. China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information TechnologyAnhui University Hefei 230031 P. R. China
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36
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Niihori Y, Yoshida K, Hossain S, Kurashige W, Negishi Y. Deepening the Understanding of Thiolate-Protected Metal Clusters Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20180357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Niihori
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Kana Yoshida
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Sakiat Hossain
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Wataru Kurashige
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
- Photocatalysis International Research Center, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yuichi Negishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
- Photocatalysis International Research Center, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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Nguyen TD, Song MS, Ly NH, Lee SY, Joo S. Nanostars on Nanopipette Tips: A Raman Probe for Quantifying Oxygen Levels in Hypoxic Single Cells and Tumours. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:2710-2714. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201812677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Danh Nguyen
- Department of Information Communication, Materials, and Chemistry Convergence TechnologySoongsil University Seoul Korea
| | - Min Seok Song
- Laboratory of Veterinary PharmacologyCollege of Veterinary MedicineSeoul National University Seoul Korea
| | - Nguyễn Hoàng Ly
- Department of Information Communication, Materials, and Chemistry Convergence TechnologySoongsil University Seoul Korea
| | - So Yeong Lee
- Laboratory of Veterinary PharmacologyCollege of Veterinary MedicineSeoul National University Seoul Korea
| | - Sang‐Woo Joo
- Department of Information Communication, Materials, and Chemistry Convergence TechnologySoongsil University Seoul Korea
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38
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Nguyen TD, Song MS, Ly NH, Lee SY, Joo S. Nanostars on Nanopipette Tips: A Raman Probe for Quantifying Oxygen Levels in Hypoxic Single Cells and Tumours. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201812677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Danh Nguyen
- Department of Information Communication, Materials, and Chemistry Convergence TechnologySoongsil University Seoul Korea
| | - Min Seok Song
- Laboratory of Veterinary PharmacologyCollege of Veterinary MedicineSeoul National University Seoul Korea
| | - Nguyễn Hoàng Ly
- Department of Information Communication, Materials, and Chemistry Convergence TechnologySoongsil University Seoul Korea
| | - So Yeong Lee
- Laboratory of Veterinary PharmacologyCollege of Veterinary MedicineSeoul National University Seoul Korea
| | - Sang‐Woo Joo
- Department of Information Communication, Materials, and Chemistry Convergence TechnologySoongsil University Seoul Korea
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Chakraborty P, Nag A, Chakraborty A, Pradeep T. Approaching Materials with Atomic Precision Using Supramolecular Cluster Assemblies. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:2-11. [PMID: 30507167 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular chemistry is a major area of chemistry that utilizes weaker non-covalent interactions between molecules, including hydrogen bonding, van der Waals, electrostatic, π···π, and C-H···π interactions. Such forces have been the basis of several molecular self-assemblies and host-guest complexes in organic, inorganic, and biological systems. Atomically precise nanoclusters (NCs) are materials of growing interest that display interesting structure-property correlations. The evolving science of such systems reaffirms their molecular behavior. This gives a possibility of exploring their supramolecular chemistry, leading to assemblies with similar or dissimilar cluster molecules. Such assemblies with compositional, structural, and conformational precision may ultimately result in cluster-assembled hybrid materials. In this Account, we present recent advancements on different possibilities of supramolecular interactions in atomically precise cluster systems that can occur at different length scales. We first present a brief discussion of the aspicule model of clusters, considering Au25(SR)18 as an example, that can explain various aspects of its atomic precision and distinguish the similar or dissimilar interacting sites in their structures. The supramolecular interaction of 4- tert-butylbenzyl mercaptan (BBSH)-protected [Au25(SBB)18]- NCs with cyclodextrins (CD) to form Au25SBB18∩CD n ( n = 1-4) and that of [Ag29(BDT)12]3- with fullerenes to form [Ag29(BDT)12(C60) n]3- ( n = 1-9) (BDT = 1,3-benzenedithiolate) are discussed subsequently. The formation of these adducts was studied by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI MS), optical absorption and NMR spectroscopy. In the subsequent sections, we discuss how variation in intercluster interactions can lead to polymorphic crystals, which are observable in single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Taking [Ag29(BDT)12(TPP)4]3- (TPP = triphenylphosphine) clusters as an example, we discuss how the different patterns of C-H···π and π···π interactions between the secondary ligands can alter the packing of the NCs into cubic and trigonal lattices. Finally, we discuss how the supramolecular interactions of atomically precise clusters can result in their hybrid assemblies with plasmonic nanostructures. The interaction of p-mercaptobenzoic acid ( p-MBA)-protected Ag44( p-MBA)30 NCs with tellurium nanowires (Te NWs) can form crossed-bilayer precision assemblies with a woven-fabric-like structure with an angle of 81° between the layers. Similar crossed-bilayer assemblies show an angle of 77° when Au102( p-MBA)44 clusters are used to form the structure. Such assemblies were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Precision in these hybrid assemblies of Te NWs was highly controlled by the geometry of the ligands on the NC surface. Moreover, we also present how Ag44( p-MBA)30 clusters can encapsulate gold nanorods to form cage-like nanostructures. Such studies involved TEM, scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), and three-dimensional tomographic reconstructions of the nanostructures. The hydrogen bonding interactions of the -COOH groups of the p-MBA ligands were the major driving force in both of these cases. An important aspect that is central to the advancement of the area is the close interplay of molecular tools such as MS with structural tools such as TEM along with detailed computational modeling. We finally conclude this Account with a future perspective on the supramolecular chemistry of clusters. Advancements in this field will help in developing new materials with potential optical, electrical, and mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Papri Chakraborty
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Abhijit Nag
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Amrita Chakraborty
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Thalappil Pradeep
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
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Nair LV, Hossain S, Takagi S, Imai Y, Hu G, Wakayama S, Kumar B, Kurashige W, Jiang DE, Negishi Y. Hetero-biicosahedral [Au 24Pd(PPh 3) 10(SC 2H 4Ph) 5Cl 2] + nanocluster: selective synthesis and optical and electrochemical properties. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:18969-18979. [PMID: 30132774 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr04078h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A recent study implied that a hetero-biicosahedral 25-atom cluster composed of two kinds of icosahedral 13-atom clusters could serve as a molecular rectifier and dipole material. However, no hetero-biicosahedral 25-atom clusters containing three types of ligands, in this case, phosphines, halogens, and thiolates, have been reported. In this study, we selectively synthesized [Au24Pd(PPh3)10(SC2H4Ph)5Cl2]Cl (Au = gold, Pd = palladium, PPh3 = triphenylphosphine, SC2H4Ph = phenylethanethiolate, Cl = chloride), in which one Au was replaced with a Pd. The single-crystal X-ray structural analysis demonstrated that [Au24Pd(PPh3)10(SC2H4Ph)5Cl2]Cl was a hetero-biicosahedral 25-atom cluster in which the central atom of one icosahedral Au13 core was replaced by a Pd atom. Optical absorption spectroscopy suggested that the electronic structure of each individual icosahedral 13-atom core in [Au24Pd(PPh3)10(SC2H4Ph)5Cl2]+ was reasonably well maintained, similar to the case of [Au25(PPh3)10(SC2H4Ph)5Cl2]2+. Density functional theory calculation revealed that the peak splitting in the region below 2.2 eV of the optical absorption spectrum of [Au24Pd(PPh3)10(SC2H4Ph)5Cl2]+ is due to the splitting of HOMOs and also suggested that this cluster has dipole moment. Electrochemical measurements showed that [Au24Pd(PPh3)10(SC2H4Ph)5Cl2]+ was relatively stable to reduction. These results are expected to contribute to the development of molecular rectifiers and dipole materials based on hetero-biicosahedral 25-atom clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi V Nair
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
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Nag A, Chakraborty P, Paramasivam G, Bodiuzzaman M, Natarajan G, Pradeep T. Isomerism in Supramolecular Adducts of Atomically Precise Nanoparticles. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:13590-13593. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b08767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Nag
- DST Unit of Nanoscience and Thematic Unit of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, India
| | - Papri Chakraborty
- DST Unit of Nanoscience and Thematic Unit of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, India
| | - Ganesan Paramasivam
- DST Unit of Nanoscience and Thematic Unit of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, India
| | - Mohammad Bodiuzzaman
- DST Unit of Nanoscience and Thematic Unit of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, India
| | - Ganapati Natarajan
- DST Unit of Nanoscience and Thematic Unit of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, India
| | - Thalappil Pradeep
- DST Unit of Nanoscience and Thematic Unit of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, India
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