1
|
Eissa ME, Sakr AK, Hanfi MY, Sayyed MI, Al-Otaibi JS, Abdel-Lateef AM, Cheira MF, Abdelmonem HA. Physicochemical investigation of mercury sorption on mesoporous thioacetamide/chitosan from wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 341:140062. [PMID: 37689155 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Mercury is a toxic environmental element, so it was necessary to prepare a new, highly efficient, cheap sorbent to remove it. A mesoporous thioacetamide/chitosan (MTA/CS) was manufactured via a simplistic strategy; the chitin deacetylation to gain chitosan (CS) and the addition of thioacetamide. The as-prepared MTA/CS was characterized using X-ray diffraction, EDX, SEM, FTIR, and BET surface analysis. According to the findings, the MTA/CS was effectively synthesized. The removal behaviors of Hg2+ onto MTA/CS composite were inspected, which suggested that the MTA/CS composite exhibited great sorption properties for Hg2+ in liquid solutions. The maximal Hg2+ sorption capacity was 195 mg/g. The effects of temperature, Hg2+ concentration, contacting time, and MTA/CS concentration on sorption were analyzed. The 2nd-order model and Langmuir isotherm were suitable for the physicochemical adsorption processes. Thermodynamic analysis showed that the Hg2+ adsorption process onto the MTA/CS composite is exothermic and occurred spontaneously. The desorption condition of Hg2+ from its loaded MTA/CS was also gained. Likewise, the MTA/CS sorbent was undoubtedly regenerated by 0.8 M NaNO3 80 min contacting and 1:50 S:L ratio. The versatility and durability of MTA/CS sorbent were investigated via nine sorption-extraction cycles. The optimum parameters were applied to wastewater. Based on the result, the as-prepared MTA/CS might be a potential sorbent for removing Hg2+ from liquid solutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E Eissa
- College of Science, Chemistry Department, Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, 11623, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed K Sakr
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Wayne State University, 5050 Anthony Wayne Drive, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
| | - Mohamed Y Hanfi
- Ural Federal University, St. Mira, 19, 620002, Yekaterinburg, Russia; Nuclear Materials Authority, P.O. Box 530, El Maadi, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M I Sayyed
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Isra University, Amman, 11622, Jordan; Department of Nuclear Medicine Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamelah S Al-Otaibi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf M Abdel-Lateef
- Accelerations and Ion Sources Department, Central Laboratory for Elemental and Isotopic Analysis, NRC, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, 13759, Egypt
| | - Mohamed F Cheira
- Nuclear Materials Authority, P.O. Box 530, El Maadi, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Haeam A Abdelmonem
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Women for Art, Science, And Education, Ain Shams University, Heliopolis, Cairo, 11757, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Elbshary RE, Gouda AA, El Sheikh R, Alqahtani MS, Hanfi MY, Atia BM, Sakr AK, Gado MA. Recovery of W(VI) from Wolframite Ore Using New Synthetic Schiff Base Derivative. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087423. [PMID: 37108587 PMCID: PMC10139163 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A new synthetic material, namely, (3-(((4-((5-(((S)-hydroxyhydrophosphoryl)oxy)-2-nitrobenzylidene) amino) phenyl) imino) methyl)-4-nitrophenyl hydrogen (R)-phosphonate)), was subjected to a quaternary ammonium salt and named (HNAP/QA). Several characterizations, such as FTIR spectrometry, 1H-NMR analysis, 13C-NMR analysis, 31P-NMR Analysis, TGA analysis, and GC-MS analysis, were performed to ensure its felicitous preparation. HNAP/QA is capable of the selective adsorption of W(VI) ions from its solutions and from its rock leachate. The optimum factors controlling the adsorption of W(VI) ions on the new adsorbent were studied in detail. Furthermore, kinetics and thermodynamics were studied. The adsorption reaction fits the Langmuir model. The sorption process of the W(VI) ions is spontaneous due to the negative value of ∆G° calculated for all temperatures, while the positive value of ∆H° proves that the adsorption of the W(VI) ions adsorption on HNAP/QA is endothermic. The positive value of ∆S° suggests that the adsorption occurs randomly. Ultimately, the recovery of W(IV) from wolframite ore was conducted successfully.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rawan E Elbshary
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, El Salam City, Cairo 11785, Egypt
| | - Ayman A Gouda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Ragaa El Sheikh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Mohammed S Alqahtani
- Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
- BioImaging Unit, Space Research Centre, University of Leicester, Michael Atiyah Building, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Sciences (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Y Hanfi
- Nuclear Materials Authority, El Maadi, Cairo P.O. Box 530, Egypt
- Institute of Physics and Technology, Ural Federal University, St. Mira, 19, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Bahig M Atia
- Nuclear Materials Authority, El Maadi, Cairo P.O. Box 530, Egypt
| | - Ahmed K Sakr
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Wayne State University, 5050 Anthony Wayne Drive, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Mohamed A Gado
- Nuclear Materials Authority, El Maadi, Cairo P.O. Box 530, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Andrews LS, Tsegaw YA, Cho HG, Riedel S. Observation and Characterization of the Hg-O Diatomic Molecule: A Matrix-Isolation and Quantum-Chemical Investigation. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202740. [PMID: 36322698 PMCID: PMC10107950 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Mercuric oxide is a well-known and stable solid, but the diatomic molecule Hg-O is very fragile and does not survive detection in the gas phase. However, laser ablation of Hg atoms from a dental amalgam alloy target into argon or neon containing about 0.3 % of 16 O2 or of 18 O2 during their condensation into a cryogenic matrix at 4 K allows the formation of O atoms which react on annealing to make ozone and new IR absorptions in solid argon at 521.2 cm-1 for Hg-16 O or at 496.4 cm-1 for Hg-18 O with the oxygen isotopic frequency ratio 521.2/496.4=1.0499. Solid neon gives a 529.0 cm-1 absorption with a small 7.8 cm-1 blue shift. CCSD(T) calculations found 594 cm-1 for Hg16 O and 562 cm-1 for Hg18 O (frequency ratio=1.0569). Such calculations usually produce harmonic frequencies that are slightly higher than the anharmonic (observed) values, which supports their relationship. These observed frequencies have the isotopic shift predicted for Hg-O and are within the range of recent high-level frequency calculations for the Hg-O molecule. Spectra for the related mercury superoxide and ozonide species are also considered for the first time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lester S Andrews
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22904, USA
| | - Yetsedaw A Tsegaw
- Anorganische Chemie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 34-36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Han-Gook Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 22012, South Korea
| | - Sebastian Riedel
- Anorganische Chemie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 34-36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Synthesis of a New Chelating Iminophosphorane Derivative (Phosphazene) for U(VI) Recovery. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14091687. [PMID: 35566857 PMCID: PMC9099652 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new synthetic chelating N–hydroxy–N–trioctyl iminophosphorane (HTIP) was prepared through the reaction of trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) with N–hydroxylamine hydrochloride in the presence of a Lewis acid (AlCl3). Specifications for the HTIP chelating ligand were successfully determined using many analytical techniques, 13C–NMR, 1H–NMR, FTIR, EDX, and GC–MS analyses, which assured a reasonable synthesis of the HTIP ligand. The ability of HTIP to retain U(VI) ions was investigated. The optimum experimental factors, pH value, experimental time, initial U(VI) ion concentration, HTIP dosage, ambient temperature, and eluents, were attained with solvent extraction techniques. The utmost retention capacity of HTIP/CHCl3 was 247.5 mg/g; it was achieved at pH = 3.0, 25 °C, with 30 min of shaking and 0.99 × 10−3 mol/L. From the stoichiometric calculations, approximately 1.5 hydrogen atoms are released during the extraction at pH 3.0, and 4.0 moles of HTIP ligand were responsible for chelation of one mole of uranyl ions. According to kinetic studies, the pseudo–first order model accurately predicted the kinetics of U(VI) extraction by HTIP ligand with a retention power of 245.47 mg/g. The thermodynamic parameters ΔS°, ΔH°, and ΔG° were also calculated; the extraction process was predicted as an exothermic, spontaneous, and advantageous extraction at low temperatures. As the temperature increased, the value of ∆G° increased. The elution of uranium ions from the loaded HTIP/CHCl3 was achieved using 2.0 mol of H2SO4 with a 99.0% efficiency rate. Finally, the extended variables were used to obtain a uranium concentrate (Na2U2O7, Y.C) with a uranium grade of 69.93% and purity of 93.24%.
Collapse
|
5
|
Lu Y, Tsegaw YA, Wodyński A, Li L, Beckers H, Kaupp M, Riedel S. Investigation of Molecular Iridium Fluorides IrF
n
(
n
=1–6): A Combined Matrix‐Isolation and Quantum‐Chemical Study. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104005. [PMID: 35181951 PMCID: PMC9310635 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The photo‐initiated defluorination of iridium hexafluoride (IrF6) was investigated in neon and argon matrices at 6 K, and their photoproducts are characterized by IR and UV‐vis spectroscopies as well as quantum‐chemical calculations. The primary photoproducts obtained after irradiation with λ=365 nm are iridium pentafluoride (IrF5) and iridium trifluoride (IrF3), while longer irradiation of the same matrix with λ=278 nm produced iridium tetrafluoride (IrF4) and iridium difluoride (IrF2) by Ir−F bond cleavage or F2 elimination. In addition, IrF5 can be reversed to IrF6 by adding a F atom when exposed to blue‐light (λ=470 nm) irradiation. Laser irradiation (λ=266 nm) of IrF4 also generated IrF6, IrF5, IrF3 and IrF2. Alternatively, molecular binary iridium fluorides IrFn (n=1–6) were produced by co‐deposition of laser‐ablated iridium atoms with elemental fluorine in excess neon and argon matrices under cryogenic conditions. Computational studies up to scalar relativistic CCSD(T)/triple‐ζ level and two‐component quasirelativistic DFT computations including spin‐orbit coupling effects supported the formation of these products and provided detailed insights into their molecular structures by their characteristic Ir−F stretching bands. Compared to the Jahn‐Teller effect, the influence of spin‐orbit coupling dominates in IrF5, leading to a triplet ground state with C4v symmetry, which was spectroscopically detected in solid argon and neon matrices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lu
- Freie Universität Berlin Institut für Chemie und Biochemie-Anorganische Chemie Fabeckstrasse 34/36 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Yetsedaw A. Tsegaw
- Freie Universität Berlin Institut für Chemie und Biochemie-Anorganische Chemie Fabeckstrasse 34/36 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Artur Wodyński
- Technische Universität Berlin Institut für Chemie Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie Sekr. C7 Strasse des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Lin Li
- Freie Universität Berlin Institut für Chemie und Biochemie-Anorganische Chemie Fabeckstrasse 34/36 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Helmut Beckers
- Freie Universität Berlin Institut für Chemie und Biochemie-Anorganische Chemie Fabeckstrasse 34/36 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Martin Kaupp
- Technische Universität Berlin Institut für Chemie Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie Sekr. C7 Strasse des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Sebastian Riedel
- Freie Universität Berlin Institut für Chemie und Biochemie-Anorganische Chemie Fabeckstrasse 34/36 14195 Berlin Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Allam EM, Lashen TA, Abou El-Enein SA, Hassanin MA, Sakr AK, Hanfi MY, Sayyed MI, Al-Otaibi JS, Cheira MF. Cetylpyridinium Bromide/Polyvinyl Chloride for Substantially Efficient Capture of Rare Earth Elements from Chloride Solution. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14050954. [PMID: 35267777 PMCID: PMC8912479 DOI: 10.3390/polym14050954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A new sorbent cetylpyridinium bromide/polyvinylchloride (CPB/PVC) was prepared and tested to extract rare earth elements (REEs) from their chloride solutions. It was identified by FTIR, TGA, SEM, EDX, and XRD. The impact of various factors such as pH, RE ion initial concentration, contacting time, and dose amount via sorption process was inspected. The optimum pH was 6.0, and the equilibrium contact time was reached at 60 min at 25 °C. The prepared adsorbent (CPB/PVC) uptake capacity was 182.6 mg/g. The adsorption of RE ions onto the CPB/PVC sorbent was found to fit the Langmuir isotherm as well as pseudo-second-order models well. In addition, the thermodynamic parameters of RE ion sorption were found to be exothermic and spontaneous. The desorption of RE ions from the loaded CPB/PVC sorbent was investigated. It was observed that the optimum desorption was achieved at 1.0 M HCl for 60 min contact time at ambient room temperature and a 1:60 solid: liquid phase ratio (S:L). As a result, the prepared CPB/PVC sorbent was recognized as a competitor sorbent for REEs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eman M. Allam
- Nuclear Materials Authority, El Maadi, Cairo P.O. Box 530, Egypt; (T.A.L.); (M.A.H.); (A.K.S.); (M.Y.H.)
- Correspondence: (E.M.A.); (M.F.C.)
| | - Taysser A. Lashen
- Nuclear Materials Authority, El Maadi, Cairo P.O. Box 530, Egypt; (T.A.L.); (M.A.H.); (A.K.S.); (M.Y.H.)
| | - Saeyda A. Abou El-Enein
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed A. Hassanin
- Nuclear Materials Authority, El Maadi, Cairo P.O. Box 530, Egypt; (T.A.L.); (M.A.H.); (A.K.S.); (M.Y.H.)
| | - Ahmed K. Sakr
- Nuclear Materials Authority, El Maadi, Cairo P.O. Box 530, Egypt; (T.A.L.); (M.A.H.); (A.K.S.); (M.Y.H.)
| | - Mohamed Y. Hanfi
- Nuclear Materials Authority, El Maadi, Cairo P.O. Box 530, Egypt; (T.A.L.); (M.A.H.); (A.K.S.); (M.Y.H.)
- Institute of Physics and Technology, Ural Federal University, St. Mira, 19, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - M. I. Sayyed
- Department of Nuclear Medicine Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Isra University, Amman 11622, Jordan
| | - Jamelah S. Al-Otaibi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed F. Cheira
- Nuclear Materials Authority, El Maadi, Cairo P.O. Box 530, Egypt; (T.A.L.); (M.A.H.); (A.K.S.); (M.Y.H.)
- Correspondence: (E.M.A.); (M.F.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lin J, Yang Q, Li X, Zhang X, Li F, Yang G. Pressure-stabilized hexafluorides of first-row transition metals. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:1736-1742. [PMID: 34985073 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04446j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluorine chemistry was demonstrated to show the importance of stretching the limits of chemical synthesis, oxidation state, and chemical bonding at ambient conditions. Thus far, the highest fluorine stoichiometry of a neutral first-row transition-metal fluoride is five, in VF5 and CrF5. Pressure can stabilize new stoichiometric compounds that are inaccessible at ambient conditions. Here, we attempted to delineate the fluorination limits of first-row transition metals at a high pressure through first-principles swarm-intelligence structure searching simulations. Besides reproducing the known compounds, our extensive search has resulted in a plethora of unreported compounds: CrF6, MnF6, FeF4, FeF5, FeF6, and CoF4, indicating that the application of pressure achieves not only the fluorination limit (e.g., hexafluoride) but also the long-sought bulky tetrafluorides. Our current results provide a significant step forward towards a comprehensive understanding of the fluorination limit of first-row transition metals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianyan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science & Technology and Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China. .,College of Physics, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China
| | - Qiuping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science & Technology and Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China. .,Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science & Technology and Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
| | - Xiaohua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science & Technology and Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China. .,Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science & Technology and Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
| | - Guochun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science & Technology and Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China. .,Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sakr AK, Snelling H, Young NA. Experimental Evidence for the Molecular Molybdenum Fluorides MoF to MoF 6: a matrix isolation and DFT investigation. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj06062g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
All of the molecular molybdenum fluorides, MoF to MoF6, have been synthesised from the reaction of molybdenum atoms with fluorine molecules and atoms, trapped in argon matrices, and characterised by...
Collapse
|
9
|
Khan J, Ullah H, Sajjad M, Bahadar A, Bhatti Z, Soomro F, Hussain Memon F, Iqbal M, Rehman F, Hussain Thebo K. High yield synthesis of transition metal fluorides (CoF2, NiF2, and NH4MnF3) nanoparticles with excellent electrochemical performance. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2021.108751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
10
|
Grzelak A, Lorenzana J, Grochala W. Separation-Controlled Redox Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:13892-13895. [PMID: 33847034 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In the era of molecular devices and nanotechnology, precise control over electron-transfer processes is strongly desired. However, redox reactions are usually characterized by reaction equilibrium constants strongly departing from unity. This leads to strong favoring of either reactants or products and does not permit subtle control of transferred charge (doping). Here we propose, based on theoretical studies for periodic systems, how charge transfer between reactants could be finely manipulated in the epitaxially grown system composed of extremely strong oxidizer, reducing agent, and an inert separator-the key factor of control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Grzelak
- Center of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 93, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| | - José Lorenzana
- Institute for Complex Systems-CNR, and Physics Department, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Wojciech Grochala
- Center of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 93, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Grzelak A, Lorenzana J, Grochala W. Separation‐Controlled Redox Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Grzelak
- Center of New Technologies University of Warsaw Zwirki i Wigury 93 02-089 Warsaw Poland
| | - José Lorenzana
- Institute for Complex Systems-CNR, and Physics Department University of Rome La Sapienza 00185 Rome Italy
| | - Wojciech Grochala
- Center of New Technologies University of Warsaw Zwirki i Wigury 93 02-089 Warsaw Poland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li L, Sakr AK, Schlöder T, Klein S, Beckers H, Kitsaras M, Snelling HV, Young NA, Andrae D, Riedel S. Searching for Monomeric Nickel Tetrafluoride: Unravelling Infrared Matrix Isolation Spectra of Higher Nickel Fluorides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:6391-6394. [PMID: 33300240 PMCID: PMC7986428 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202015501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Binary transition metal fluorides are textbook examples combining complex electronic features with most fundamental molecular structures. High-valent nickel fluorides are among the strongest known fluorinating and oxidizing agents, but there is a lack of experimental structural and spectroscopic investigations on molecular NiF3 or NiF4 . Apart from their demanding synthesis, also their quantum-chemical description is difficult due to their open shell nature and low-lying excited electronic states. Distorted tetrahedral NiF4 (D2d ) and trigonal planar NiF3 (D3h ) molecules were produced by thermal evaporation and laser ablation of nickel atoms in a fluorine/noble gas mixture and spectroscopically identified by a joint matrix-isolation and quantum-chemical study. Their vibrational band positions provide detailed insights into their molecular structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Freie Universität BerlinInstitut für Chemie und Biochemie—Anorganische ChemieFabeckstrasse 34/3614195BerlinGermany
| | - Ahmed K. Sakr
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of HullKingston upon HullHU6 7RXUK
| | - Tobias Schlöder
- Karlsruher Institut für TechnologieInstitut für NanotechnologieHermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Siri Klein
- Freie Universität BerlinInstitut für Chemie und Biochemie—Anorganische ChemieFabeckstrasse 34/3614195BerlinGermany
| | - Helmut Beckers
- Freie Universität BerlinInstitut für Chemie und Biochemie—Anorganische ChemieFabeckstrasse 34/3614195BerlinGermany
| | - Marios‐Petros Kitsaras
- Freie Universität BerlinInstitut für Chemie und Biochemie—Theoretische ChemieArnimallee 2214195BerlinGermany
| | - Howard V. Snelling
- Department of Physics and MathematicsUniversity of HullKingston upon HullHU6 7RXUK
| | - Nigel A. Young
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of HullKingston upon HullHU6 7RXUK
| | - Dirk Andrae
- Freie Universität BerlinInstitut für Chemie und Biochemie—Theoretische ChemieArnimallee 2214195BerlinGermany
| | - Sebastian Riedel
- Freie Universität BerlinInstitut für Chemie und Biochemie—Anorganische ChemieFabeckstrasse 34/3614195BerlinGermany
| |
Collapse
|