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Sun P, Lin XM, Bera MK, Lin B, Ying D, Chang T, Bu W, Schlossman ML. Metastable precipitation and ion-extractant transport in liquid-liquid separations of trivalent elements. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2315584121. [PMID: 38507453 PMCID: PMC10990121 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2315584121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The extractant-assisted transport of metal ions from aqueous to organic environments by liquid-liquid extraction has been widely used to separate and recover critical elements on an industrial scale. While current efforts focus on designing better extractants and optimizing process conditions, the mechanism that underlies ionic transport remains poorly understood. Here, we report a nonequilibrium process in the bulk aqueous phase that influences interfacial ion transport: the formation of metastable ion-extractant precipitates away from the liquid-liquid interface, separated from it by a depletion region without precipitates. Although the precipitate is soluble in the organic phase, the depletion region separates the two and ions are sequestered in a long-lived metastable state. Since precipitation removes extractants from the aqueous phase, even extractants that are sparingly soluble in water will continue to be withdrawn from the organic phase to feed the aqueous precipitation process. Solute concentrations in both phases and the aqueous pH influence the temporal evolution of the process and ionic partitioning between the precipitate and organic phase. Aqueous ion-extractant precipitation during liquid-liquid extraction provides a reaction path that can influence the extraction kinetics, which plays an important role in designing advanced processes to separate rare earths and other minerals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Sun
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL60607
- ChemMatCARS, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637
| | - Xiao-Min Lin
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL60439
| | - Mrinal K. Bera
- ChemMatCARS, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637
| | - Binhua Lin
- ChemMatCARS, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637
| | - Dongchen Ying
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637
| | - Tieyan Chang
- ChemMatCARS, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637
| | - Wei Bu
- ChemMatCARS, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637
| | - Mark L. Schlossman
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL60607
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2
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Chankaramkandath Vasu A, Tharakan S, Kadunganattil S. Comparative antioxidant analysis of extracts prepared from Indigofera longiracemosa aerial parts identifies leaf methanolic extract as a promising antioxidant. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-5. [PMID: 38516708 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2331023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Extraction of phytochemicals from the leaves and stems of Indigofera longiracemosa, a previously underexplored dye-yielding plant, was done using four solvents of increasing polarity followed by in vitro assessment of their antioxidant potential. Of the four solvent extracts, methanol extract yielded the highest percentage of phytochemicals. Methanol extracts of leaves and stems also showed the best antioxidant potential in in vitro antioxidant assays. Further, comparison with known standard antioxidant molecules showed lower IC50 values for the extracts tested. Our study thereby validates for the first time the antioxidant potential of I. longiracemosa aerial parts, and identifies an extract enriched in phytochemicals capable of quenching free radicals in vitro at concentrations lower than or comparable to pure antioxidant molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sheeja Tharakan
- Department of Botany, Vimala College (Autonomous), Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Suraj Kadunganattil
- Department of Biochemistry, Amala Cancer Research Centre, Thrissur, Kerala, India
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3
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Wang Q, Zhang Z, Wang C, Yang X, Fang Z, Shang L. Bioinspired Confined Assembly of Cellulosic Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Bubbles. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024; 11:e2308442. [PMID: 38225706 PMCID: PMC10953211 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Construction of biomimetic models for structural color evolution not only gives new photonic phenomena but also provide cues for biological morphogenesis. Here, a novel confined self-assembly method is proposed for the generation of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)-based cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) microbubbles. The assembly process relies on the combination of droplet microfluidics, solvent extraction, and a volume confined environment. The as-prepared HPC structural color microbubbles have a transparent shell, an orderly arranged cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) middle layer, and an innermost bubble core. The size of the microbubble, shell thickness, and the color of the CLC layer can be adjusted by altering the microfluidic parameters. Intriguingly, benefited from the compartmentalization effect provided by droplet microfluidics, microbubbles with multiple cores of different color combinations are generated under precise control. The self-assembled CLCs microbubbles have bright structural color, suspending ability, and good temperature-sensitive characteristics, making them ideal underwater sensors. The present confined assembly approach will shed light on creating novel photonic structures and the HPC microbubble will find widespread applications in multifunctional sensing, optical display, and other related fields are believed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Wang
- Shanghai Xuhui Central HospitalZhongshan‐Xuhui Hospital, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigeneticsthe International Co‐laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology)Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zhuohao Zhang
- Shanghai Xuhui Central HospitalZhongshan‐Xuhui Hospital, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigeneticsthe International Co‐laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology)Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Chong Wang
- Shanghai Xuhui Central HospitalZhongshan‐Xuhui Hospital, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigeneticsthe International Co‐laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology)Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xinyuan Yang
- Shanghai Xuhui Central HospitalZhongshan‐Xuhui Hospital, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigeneticsthe International Co‐laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology)Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zhonglin Fang
- Shanghai Xuhui Central HospitalZhongshan‐Xuhui Hospital, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigeneticsthe International Co‐laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology)Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Luoran Shang
- Shanghai Xuhui Central HospitalZhongshan‐Xuhui Hospital, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigeneticsthe International Co‐laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology)Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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4
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Wu D, Yang Z, Li J, Huang H, Xia Q, Ye X, Liu D. Optimizing the Solvent Selection of the Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Sea Buckthorn ( Hippophae rhamnoides L.) Pomace: Phenolic Profiles and Antioxidant Activity. Foods 2024; 13:482. [PMID: 38338617 PMCID: PMC10855374 DOI: 10.3390/foods13030482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Sea buckthorn pomace (SBP) is a by-product of sea buckthorn processing that is rich in bioactive compounds. In this study, different active ingredients were extracted by using different solvents (water, methanol, ethanol, glycerol, ethyl acetate, and petroleum ether) combined with an ultrasonic assisted method. The correlation between the active ingredients and antioxidant properties of the extract was studied, which provided a research basis for the comprehensive utilization of SBP. This study revealed that the 75% ethanol extract had the highest total phenolic content (TPC) of 42.86 ± 0.73 mg GAE/g, while the 75% glycerol extract had the highest total flavonoid content (TFC) of 25.52 ± 1.35 mg RTE/g. The ethanol extract exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity at the same concentration compared with other solvents. The antioxidant activity of the ethanol, methanol, and glycerol extracts increased in a concentration-dependent manner. Thirteen phenolic compounds were detected in the SBP extracts using UPLC-MS/MS analysis. Notably, the 75% glycerol extract contained the highest concentration of all identified phenolic compounds, with rutin (192.21 ± 8.19 μg/g), epigallocatechin (105.49 ± 0.69 μg/g), and protocatechuic acid (27.9 ± 2.38 μg/g) being the most abundant. Flavonols were found to be the main phenolic substances in SBP. A strong correlation was observed between TPC and the antioxidant activities of SBP extracts. In conclusion, the choice of solvent significantly influences the active compounds and antioxidant activities of SBP extracts. SBP extracts are a valuable source of natural phenolics and antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Integrated Research Base of Southern Fruit and Vegetable Preservation Technology, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Z.Y.); (H.H.); (Q.X.); (X.Y.); (D.L.)
| | - Zhihao Yang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Integrated Research Base of Southern Fruit and Vegetable Preservation Technology, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Z.Y.); (H.H.); (Q.X.); (X.Y.); (D.L.)
| | - Jiong Li
- Hangzhou Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou 310022, China;
| | - Huilin Huang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Integrated Research Base of Southern Fruit and Vegetable Preservation Technology, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Z.Y.); (H.H.); (Q.X.); (X.Y.); (D.L.)
| | - Qile Xia
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Integrated Research Base of Southern Fruit and Vegetable Preservation Technology, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Z.Y.); (H.H.); (Q.X.); (X.Y.); (D.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handling of Fruits, Food Science Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Xingqian Ye
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Integrated Research Base of Southern Fruit and Vegetable Preservation Technology, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Z.Y.); (H.H.); (Q.X.); (X.Y.); (D.L.)
| | - Donghong Liu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Integrated Research Base of Southern Fruit and Vegetable Preservation Technology, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Z.Y.); (H.H.); (Q.X.); (X.Y.); (D.L.)
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5
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Adhikary K, Banerjee P, Barman S, Bandyopadhyay B, Bagchi D. Nutritional Aspects, Chemistry Profile, Extraction Techniques of Lemongrass Essential Oil and It's Physiological Benefits. J Am Nutr Assoc 2024; 43:183-200. [PMID: 37579058 DOI: 10.1080/27697061.2023.2245435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Lemongrass contains a variety of substances that are known to have antioxidant and disease-preventing properties, including essential oils, compounds, minerals, and vitamins. Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Spp.) essential oil (LGEO) has been demonstrated to ameliorate diabetes and accelerate wound healing. A member of the Poaceae family, Lemongrass, a fragrant plant, is cultivated for the extraction of essential oils including myrcene and a mixture of geranial and neral isomers of citral monoterpenes. Active constituents in lemongrass essential oil are myrcene, followed by limonene and citral along with geraniol, citronellol, geranyl acetate, neral, and nerol, which are beneficial to human health. A large part of lemongrass' expansion is driven by the plant's huge industrial potential in the food, cosmetics, and medicinal sectors. A great deal of experimental and modeling study was conducted on the extraction of essential oils. Using Google Scholar and PubMed databases, a systematic review of the literature covering the period from 1996 to 2022 was conducted, in accordance with the PRISMA declaration. There were articles on chemistry, biosynthesis, extraction techniques and worldwide demand of lemongrass oil. We compared the effectiveness of several methods of extracting lemongrass essential oil, including solvent extraction, supercritical CO2 extraction, steam distillation, hydrodistillation (HD), and microwave aided hydrodistillation (MAHD). Moreover, essential oils found in lemongrass and its bioactivities have a significant impact on human health. This manuscript demonstrates the different extraction techniques of lemongrass essential oil and its physiological benefits on diabetic wound healing, tissue repair and regeneration, as well as its immense contribution in ameliorating arthritis and joint pain.Key teaching pointsThe international market demand prediction and the pharmacological benefits of the Lemongrass essential oil have been thoroughly reported here.This article points out that different extraction techniques yield different percentages of citral and other secondary metabolites from lemon grass, for example, microwave assisted hydrodistillation and supercritical carbon dioxide extraction process yields more citral.This article highlights the concept and application of lemongrass oil in aromatherapy, joint-pain, and arthritis.Moreover, this manuscript includes a discussion about the effect of lemongrass oil on diabetic wound healing and tissue regeneration - that paves the way for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnendu Adhikary
- Department of Interdisciplinary Science, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha, India
| | - Pradipta Banerjee
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Plant Physiology, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha, India
| | - Saurav Barman
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha, India
| | - Bidyut Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Oriental Institute of Science and Technology, Burdwan, India
| | - Debasis Bagchi
- Department of Psychology, Gordon F. Derner School of Psychology, & Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Adelphi University, Garden City, New York, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas, USA
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6
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Sachin AR, Gopakumar G, Rao CVSB, Nagarajan S. Exploring phosphoryl oxygen basicity in U(VI) complexation: A comparative study from trialkyl phosphate to phosphine oxide. J Comput Chem 2024; 45:70-82. [PMID: 37658687 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
The conventional argument that extraction efficiency depends on the "basicity of the phosphoryl oxygen" is thoroughly examined in this study. The analysis involves studying the electronic structures of various ligands, such as phosphate, phosphonate, phosphinate, and phosphine oxide, as well as variations in their alkyl chain length, and their corresponding uranium complexes. The studies revealed a significant amount of destabilizing strain and steric repulsion for ligands having longer alkyl chains upon complexation. A considerable amount of stabilizing orbital and dispersion interactions compensate for these repulsions, forming stable complexes. Dispersion interactions become more significant upon chain elongation and are mainly responsible for the preference for U(VI) metal ions by ligands with lengthy alkyl chain units. The preference of phosphine oxide ligands for U(VI) is analyzed within the context of enhanced orbital interactions resulting from the energetically close donor (ligand) and acceptor (metal nitrate) orbitals. Additionally, dispersion-based interactions also become significant, especially with larger chain lengths. The electronegative environment around the phosphorus atom, along with the existence of low-dipole moment structures, is also examined in relation to their possible role in solvent extraction and their influence on the selectivity of ligands for uranyl species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Ramesh Sachin
- Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Mumbai, India
| | - Gopinadhanpillai Gopakumar
- Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Sivaraman Nagarajan
- Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Mumbai, India
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7
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Liu H, Pan B, Zhang J, Huang Z, Li P, Shen J. Determination of microplastics in agricultural soil by double-shot pyrolysis-gas chromatography combined with two-step extraction. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2300253. [PMID: 37994289 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
A method for the determination of five microplastics in agricultural soil was established by double-shot pyrolysis-gas chromatography combined with two-step extraction. First, polycarbonate (PC), polystyrene (PS), polypropylene (PP), and polyethylene (PE) were extracted from soil samples using a mixed solvent of cyclohexanone and p-xylene, and then PE terephthalate was extracted with m-methylphenol. Subsequently, PC and PE terephthalate were analyzed by thermochemolysis, and PE, PP, and PS were investigated by direct pyrolysis at 600°C. The linearity of the method was satisfactory for five microplastics and the correlation coefficients were higher than 0.97 in the respective concentration range. The limits of detection and the limits of quantification were 0.2-10.0 and 0.5-20.0 μg/g, respectively. The method provided recoveries of 75.1%-141.5%, with acceptable repeatability within 20.0%. It was a supplementary method for the existing characterization of microplastics in agricultural soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Baoquan Pan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingkun Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongping Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Ningbo Academy of Product and Food Quality Inspection, Ningbo Fiber Inspection Institute, Ningbo, China
| | - Pingping Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Shen
- Ningbo Academy of Product and Food Quality Inspection, Ningbo Fiber Inspection Institute, Ningbo, China
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8
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Ginot L, El Bakkouche A, Giusti F, Dourdain S, Pellet‐Rostaing S. Hydrophobic Porous Liquids with Controlled Cavity Size and Physico-Chemical Properties. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024; 11:e2305906. [PMID: 38036426 PMCID: PMC10811500 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Developing greener hydrometallurgical processes implies offering alternatives to conventional solvents used for liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) of metals. In this context, it is proposed to substitute the organic phase by a hydrophobic silica-based porous liquid (PL). Two different sulfonated hollow silica particles (HSPs) are modified with various polyethoxylated fatty amines (EthAs) forming a canopy that provides both the targeted hydrophobicity and liquefying properties. This study shows that these properties can be tuned by varying the number of ethylene oxide units in the EthA: middle-range molecular weight EthAs allow obtaining a liquid at room temperature, while too short or too long EthA leads to solid particles. Viscosity is also impacted by the density and size of the silica spheres: less viscous PLs are obtained with small low-density spheres, while for larger spheres (c.a. 200 nm) the density has a less significant impact on viscosity. According to this approach, hydrophobic PLs are successfully synthesized. When contacted with an aqueous phase, the most hydrophobic PLs obtained allow a subsequent phase separation. Preliminary extraction tests on three rare earth elements have further shown that functionalization of the PL is necessary to observe metal extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorianne Ginot
- ICSM, CEA, CNRS, ENSCMUniv MontpellierMarcoule30207France
| | | | - Fabrice Giusti
- ICSM, CEA, CNRS, ENSCMUniv MontpellierMarcoule30207France
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Frignani E, D’Eusanio V, Grandi M, Pigani L, Roncaglia F. A Continuous Extraction Protocol for the Characterisation of a Sustainably Produced Natural Indigo Pigment. Life (Basel) 2023; 14:59. [PMID: 38255674 PMCID: PMC10817639 DOI: 10.3390/life14010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The sustainable industrial production of indigo necessitates a unique extraction process to separate the plant-derived compounds. Calcium compounds are added to encourage hydrolysis of these precursors and to facilitate the isolation of the final form, resulting in an organic-inorganic composite pigment with unspecified characteristics. In this study, we devised a continuous solvent extraction procedure to fractionate the organic indigoid phase within the composite pigment. Overcoming challenges posed by limited solubility in the common organic solvents, this method allows for the analysis of individual fractions, significantly enhancing resolution. Comprehensive characterisation using spectroscopic analysis, thermogravimetry, and UHPLC-MS/MS revealed the potential for quantifying primary components of the natural pigment and distinct differentiation from the synthetic dye. This approach also holds promise for establishing robust manufacturing practices in the industrial production of natural indigo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Frignani
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (V.D.); (L.P.)
| | - Veronica D’Eusanio
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (V.D.); (L.P.)
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Mauro Grandi
- G2B S.r.l., via Guareschi 25-27, 46010 Curtatone, Italy;
| | - Laura Pigani
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (V.D.); (L.P.)
| | - Fabrizio Roncaglia
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (V.D.); (L.P.)
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Firenze, Italy
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10
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Lapo B, Pavón S, Hoyo J, Fortuny A, Scapan P, Bertau M, Sastre AM. Bioderived Pickering Emulsion Based on Chitosan/Trialkyl Phosphine Oxides Applied to Selective Recovery of Rare Earth Elements. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:59731-59745. [PMID: 38091526 PMCID: PMC10802976 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
A novel biobased pickering emulsion (PE) material was prepared by the encapsulation of Cyanex 923 (Cy923) into chitosan (CS) to selectively recover rare earth elements (REEs) from the aqueous phase. The preparation of PE was optimized through sequentially applying a 23 full factorial design, followed by a 33 Box-Behnken design varying the Cy923 content, CS concentration, and pH of CS. The material was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical microscopy, rheological, compositional, and stability measurements. The resultant material was evaluated in the removal of yttrium by pH influence, nitrate concentration, kinetics, equilibrium isotherms, reusability, and a comparison with liquid-liquid (L-L) extraction and tested in a real scenario to extract Y from a fluorescent lamp powder waste. In addition, the selectivity of PE for REE was investigated with Y/Ca, Gd/Ca, and La/Ni systems. PE extracts REE at 1 ≤ pH ≤ 5 at nitrate concentrations up to 2 mol/L. The kinetics and equilibrium studies showed reaction times <5 min and a maximum sorption capacity of 89.98 mg/g. Compared with L-L extraction, PE consumed 48% less Cy923 without using organic diluents. PE showed a remarkable selectivity for REE in the systems evaluated, showing separation factors of 22.62, 9.35, and 504.64 for the blends Y/Ca, Gd/Ca/Mg, and La/Ni, respectively. PE showed excellent selectivity extracting Y from a real aqueous liquor from the fluorescent lamp powder. PE demonstrates to be an effective and sustainable alternative for REE recovering due to its excellent efficiency in harsh conditions, favorable green chemistry metrics, and use of a biopolymer material in its composition avoiding the use of organic solvents used in L-L extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron Lapo
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica
de Catalunya, EPSEVG, Av. Víctor Balaguer 01, 08800 Vilanova i la Geltrú, Spain
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Technical University
of Machala, UACQS, BIOeng, 070151 Machala, Ecuador
- Institute
of Chemical Technology, TU Bergakademie
Freiberg, Leipziger Straße
29, Freiberg 09599, Germany
| | - Sandra Pavón
- Institute
of Chemical Technology, TU Bergakademie
Freiberg, Leipziger Straße
29, Freiberg 09599, Germany
- Fraunhofer
Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS; Fraunhofer Technology Center for High-Performance Materials THM, Am St.-Niclas-Schacht 13, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Javier Hoyo
- Department
of Physical-Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agustín Fortuny
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica
de Catalunya, EPSEVG, Av. Víctor Balaguer 01, 08800 Vilanova i la Geltrú, Spain
| | - Paul Scapan
- Institute
of Chemical Technology, TU Bergakademie
Freiberg, Leipziger Straße
29, Freiberg 09599, Germany
| | - Martin Bertau
- Institute
of Chemical Technology, TU Bergakademie
Freiberg, Leipziger Straße
29, Freiberg 09599, Germany
- Fraunhofer
Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS; Fraunhofer Technology Center for High-Performance Materials THM, Am St.-Niclas-Schacht 13, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Ana María Sastre
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica
de Catalunya, ETSEIB,
Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Sánchez-Loredo MG, Chekhonin P, Ebert D, Fischer U, Liu X, Möckel R, Labrada-Delgado GJ, Passerini S, Kelly N. Precipitation Stripping of V(V) as a Novel Approach for the Preparation of Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Vanadates. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 14:38. [PMID: 38202493 PMCID: PMC10780767 DOI: 10.3390/nano14010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Cobalt, nickel, manganese and zinc vanadates were synthesized by a hydrometallurgical two-phase method. The extraction of vanadium (V) ions from alkaline solution using Aliquat® 336 was followed by the production of metal vanadates through precipitation stripping. Precipitation stripping was carried out using solutions of the corresponding metal ions (Ni (II), Co (II), Mn (II) and Zn (II), 0.05 mol/L in 4 mol/L NaCl), and the addition time of the strip solution was varied (0, 1 and 2 h). The time-dependent experiments showed a notable influence on the composition, structure, morphology and crystallinity of the two-dimensional vanadate products. Inspired by these findings, we selected two metallic vanadate products and studied their properties as alternative cathode materials for nonaqueous sodium and lithium metal batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Guadalupe Sánchez-Loredo
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Helmholtz-Institut Freiberg für Ressourcentechnologie (HIF), Chemnitzer Str. 40, 09599 Freiberg, Germany; (D.E.); (U.F.); (R.M.); (N.K.)
- Instituto de Metalurgia, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Sierra Leona 550, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
| | - Paul Chekhonin
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institut für Ressourcenökologie, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Doreen Ebert
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Helmholtz-Institut Freiberg für Ressourcentechnologie (HIF), Chemnitzer Str. 40, 09599 Freiberg, Germany; (D.E.); (U.F.); (R.M.); (N.K.)
| | - Ulrike Fischer
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Helmholtz-Institut Freiberg für Ressourcentechnologie (HIF), Chemnitzer Str. 40, 09599 Freiberg, Germany; (D.E.); (U.F.); (R.M.); (N.K.)
| | - Xu Liu
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Helmholtzstraße 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (X.L.); (S.P.)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Robert Möckel
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Helmholtz-Institut Freiberg für Ressourcentechnologie (HIF), Chemnitzer Str. 40, 09599 Freiberg, Germany; (D.E.); (U.F.); (R.M.); (N.K.)
| | - Gladis Judith Labrada-Delgado
- Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, Camino a la Presa San José 2055, San Luis Potosí 78216, Mexico;
| | - Stefano Passerini
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Helmholtzstraße 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (X.L.); (S.P.)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Chemistry Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Norman Kelly
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Helmholtz-Institut Freiberg für Ressourcentechnologie (HIF), Chemnitzer Str. 40, 09599 Freiberg, Germany; (D.E.); (U.F.); (R.M.); (N.K.)
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12
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Moradi-Sadr J, Ebadi MT, Ayyari M. Steps to achieve carvone-rich spearmint ( Mentha spicata L.) essential oil: a case study on the use of different distillation methods. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1292224. [PMID: 38107005 PMCID: PMC10722908 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1292224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Spearmint essential oil is a valuable medical and food product. Spearmint essential oil is effective for the treatment of flatulence, indigestion, nausea, and colic along with Alzheimer, obesity, and fungal infections. Methods This study evaluated the quality and quantity of spearmint essential oil by examining some extraction strategies. The procedures were hydro-distillation, hydro-steam distillation, microwave-assisted hydro-distillation, and open hydro-distillation. The hydro-distillation had five pH levels (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10) and four NaCl concentrations (0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2%). microwave-assisted hydro-distillation at a power of 225 W was applied for 60, 90, and 120 minutes for process durations. The solvent extraction of herbal distillate obtained by an open hydro-distillation system was done using n-pentane and n-hexane to achieve a recovered essential oil by a rotary evaporator. Results and discussion The results showed that the lowest pH in the hydro-distillation process led to obtaining double yield compared to the control. Additionally, at 1 and 1.5% NaCl concentrations, the oil yield increased by 12.86 and 20.87%, respectively. Although the yield was reduced by microwave-assisted hydro-distillation, however within 120 minutes, carvone increased by 12.7% and limonene decreased by 42.3%. The best quality of spearmint oil belonged to solvent extraction followed by rotary evaporator.
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Coralli I, Giuri D, Spada L, Ortolani J, Mazzocchetti L, Tomasini C, Stevens LA, Snape CE, Fabbri D. Valorization Strategies in CO 2 Capture: A New Life for Exhausted Silica-Polyethylenimine. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14415. [PMID: 37833862 PMCID: PMC10572583 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for alternative ways to give a second life to materials paved the way for detailed investigation into three silica-polyethylenimine (Si-PEI) materials for the purpose of CO2 adsorption in carbon capture and storage. A solvent extraction procedure was investigated to recover degraded PEIs and silica, and concomitantly, pyrolysis was evaluated to obtain valuable chemicals such as alkylated pyrazines. An array of thermal (TGA, Py-GC-MS), mechanical (rheology), and spectroscopical (ATR-FTIR, 1H-13C-NMR) methods were applied to PEIs extracted with methanol to determine the relevant physico-chemical features of these polymers when subjected to degradation after use in CO2 capture. Proxies of degradation associated with the plausible formation of urea/carbamate moieties were revealed by Py-GC-MS, NMR, and ATR-FTIR. The yield of alkylpyrazines estimated by Py-GC-MS highlighted the potential of exhausted PEIs as possibly valuable materials in other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Coralli
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Technopole of Rimini, Via Dario Campana 71, 47922 Rimini, Italy; (I.C.); (C.T.); (D.F.)
| | - Demetra Giuri
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Technopole of Rimini, Via Dario Campana 71, 47922 Rimini, Italy; (I.C.); (C.T.); (D.F.)
| | - Lorenzo Spada
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Technopole of Rimini, Via Dario Campana 71, 47922 Rimini, Italy; (I.C.); (C.T.); (D.F.)
| | - Jacopo Ortolani
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (J.O.); (L.M.)
| | - Laura Mazzocchetti
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (J.O.); (L.M.)
| | - Claudia Tomasini
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Technopole of Rimini, Via Dario Campana 71, 47922 Rimini, Italy; (I.C.); (C.T.); (D.F.)
| | - Lee A. Stevens
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, The Energy Technologies Building, Nottingham NG7 2TU, UK; (L.A.S.); (C.E.S.)
| | - Colin E. Snape
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, The Energy Technologies Building, Nottingham NG7 2TU, UK; (L.A.S.); (C.E.S.)
| | - Daniele Fabbri
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Technopole of Rimini, Via Dario Campana 71, 47922 Rimini, Italy; (I.C.); (C.T.); (D.F.)
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14
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Milevskii NA, Zinov’eva IV, Kozhevnikova AV, Zakhodyaeva YA, Voshkin AA. Sm/Co Magnetic Materials: A Recycling Strategy Using Modifiable Hydrophobic Deep Eutectic Solvents Based on Trioctylphosphine Oxide. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14032. [PMID: 37762334 PMCID: PMC10531512 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (HDES) are widely used as extractants. Usually, when preparing HDES, only the extraction ability of one component is taken into account, with the second serving as an "inert" component, whose effect on the extraction process is not taken into account. The present study demonstrates the possibility of controlling the selectivity of a hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent based on trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) by varying the substance that acts as a hydrogen bond donor, but which does not have an extractive ability. In the course of the work, the influence of the "inert" component on the physicochemical and extraction properties of HDES was confirmed by experimental, spectroscopic, and also calculation methods. A number of phenols with different structural features were chosen as the HDES' hydrogen bond donors to modify: phenol (Ph), para-tert-butylphenol (PTBP) and thymol (Th). Using the example of separation of the Sm/Co pair, the influence of the structure of a hydrogen bond donor on the extraction ability of a hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent was established, where the degree of extraction of Sm (III) increased in the series Th:TOPO < PTBP:TOPO < Ph:TOPO. HDES based on TOPO and phenols can potentially be used to separate Sm and Co from the process leach solutions generated during the hydrometallurgical processing of waste SmCo magnets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yulia A. Zakhodyaeva
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 31, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (N.A.M.); (I.V.Z.); (A.V.K.); (A.A.V.)
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15
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Perinelli DR, Cambriani A, Antognini G, Agostinacchio G, Marliani A, Cespi M, Torregiani E, Bonacucina G. Quantification of Squalene and Lactic Acid in Hair Bulbs with Damaged Sheaths: Are They Metabolic Wastes in Alopecia? Biomedicines 2023; 11:2493. [PMID: 37760935 PMCID: PMC10525989 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alopecia is a pathological and multifactorial condition characterised by an altered hair growth cycle and ascribed to different pathogenic causes. Cell energetic imbalances in hair follicles occurring in this disorder could lead to the production of some "metabolic wastes", including squalene and lactic acid, which could be involved in the clinically observed sheath damage. The aim of this work was the extraction and analytical quantification of squalene and lactic acid from hair bulbs of subjects with clinical alopecia in comparison with controls, using HPLC-DAD and HPLC-MS techniques. The analytical quantification was performed after a preliminary observation through a polarised optical microscope to assess sheath damage and morphological alterations in the cases group. A significantly larger amount of squalene was quantified only in subjects affected by alopecia (n = 31) and with evident damage to hair sheaths. For lactic acid, no statistically significant differences were found between cases (n = 21) and controls (n = 21) under the experimental conditions used. Therefore, the obtained results suggest that squalene can represent a metabolic and a pathogenic marker for some alopecia conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Romano Perinelli
- Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (D.R.P.); (A.C.); (G.B.)
| | - Alessandra Cambriani
- Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (D.R.P.); (A.C.); (G.B.)
| | - Gianluigi Antognini
- S.I.Tri.—Italian Society for Hair Science and Restoration, Via San Domenico 107, 50133 Florence, Italy; (G.A.); (G.A.)
| | - Gaetano Agostinacchio
- S.I.Tri.—Italian Society for Hair Science and Restoration, Via San Domenico 107, 50133 Florence, Italy; (G.A.); (G.A.)
| | - Andrea Marliani
- S.I.Tri.—Italian Society for Hair Science and Restoration, Via San Domenico 107, 50133 Florence, Italy; (G.A.); (G.A.)
| | - Marco Cespi
- Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (D.R.P.); (A.C.); (G.B.)
| | - Elisabetta Torregiani
- Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (D.R.P.); (A.C.); (G.B.)
| | - Giulia Bonacucina
- Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (D.R.P.); (A.C.); (G.B.)
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16
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Poole CF. Sample preparation for planar chromatography. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300071. [PMID: 36965178 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
High-performance thin-layer chromatography has favorable properties for high-throughput separations with a high matrix tolerance. Sample preparation, however, is sometimes required to control specific matrix interferences and to enhance the detectability of target compounds. Trends in contemporary applications have shifted from absorbance and fluorescence detection to methods employing bioassays and mass spectrometry. Traditional methods (shake-flask, heat at reflux, Soxhlet, and hydrodistillation) are being challenged by automated instrumental approaches (ultrasound-assisted and microwave-assisted solvent extraction, pressurized liquid extraction, and supercritical fluid extraction) and the quick, easy cheap, efficient, rugged, and safe extraction method for faster and streamlined sample processing. Liquid-liquid extraction remains the most widely used approach for sample clean-up with increasing competition from solid-phase extraction. On-layer sample, clean-up by planar solid-phase extraction is increasingly used for complex samples and in combination with heart-cut multimodal systems. The automated spray-on sample applicator, the elution head interface, biological detection of target and non-target compounds, and straightforward mass spectrometric detection are highlighted as the main factors directing current interest toward faster and simpler sample workflows, analysis of more complex samples, and the determination of minor contaminants requiring high concentration factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin F Poole
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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17
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Li X, Guo M, Xue Y, Duan Z. Effect of Extraction Methods on the Physicochemical Properties, Chemical Composition, and Antioxidant Activities of Samara Oil. Foods 2023; 12:3163. [PMID: 37685096 PMCID: PMC10486544 DOI: 10.3390/foods12173163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Samara oil (Elaeagnus mollis Diels kernel oil) exhibits diverse healthy functions; however, the effect of extraction on its quality is still unclear. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of extraction methods (solvent extraction: ethyl acetate, acetone, n-hexane, and petroleum ether; mechanical extraction: hot-pressing and cold-pressing) on the color, acid value, peroxide value, fatty acid composition, bioactive compounds, antioxidant activities, and oxidative stability index of samara oil obtained from Elaeagnus mollis Diels kernels. The results indicated that extraction methods affected the physicochemical properties, chemical composition, and antioxidant activities of samara oil except for fatty acid composition and γ-tocopherol. The highest values of bioactive compounds including polyphenols (140.27 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/kg) and carotenoids (42.95 mg/kg) were found in samara oil extracted with acetone. The values of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) assays, as well as oxidative stability index (OSI), were the highest in this oil. Correlation analysis results demonstrated that DPPH, ABTS, and OSI of samara oil were positively correlated with polyphenols and carotenoids. After evaluation, acetone could be used to extract samara oil. The study provides new information on the samara oil process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhangqun Duan
- Institute of Cereal & Oil Science and Technology, Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, China; (X.L.); (M.G.); (Y.X.)
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18
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Schacherl B, Joseph C, Beck A, Lavrova P, Schnurr A, Dardenne K, Geyer F, Cherkezova-Zheleva Z, Göttlicher J, Geckeis H, Vitova T. Np(V) Retention at the Illite du Puy Surface. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:11185-11194. [PMID: 37460108 PMCID: PMC10399294 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c09356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Np(V) retention on Illite du Puy (IdP) was investigated since it is essential for understanding the migration behavior of Np in argillaceous environments. The presence of structural Fe(III) and Fe(II) in IdP was confirmed by Fe K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) and 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy. In batch sorption experiments, a higher Np sorption affinity to IdP was found than to Wyoming smectite or iron-free synthetic montmorillonite. An increase of the relative Np(IV) ratio sorbed onto IdP with decreasing pH was observed by solvent extraction (up to (24 ± 2)% at pH 5, c0(Np) = 10-6 mol/L). Furthermore, up to (33 ± 5)% Np(IV) could be detected in IdP diffusion samples at pH 5. Respective Np M5-edge high-energy resolution (HR-) XANES spectra suggested the presence of Np(IV/V) mixtures and weakened axial bond covalency of the NpO2+ species sorbed onto IdP. Np L3-edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis showed that significant fractions of Np were coordinated to Fe─O entities at pH 9. This highlights the potential role of Fe(II/III) clay edge sites as a strong Np(V) surface complex partner and points to the partial reduction of sorbed Np(V) to Np(IV) via structural Fe(II).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Schacherl
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Claudia Joseph
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Aaron Beck
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Polina Lavrova
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andreas Schnurr
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Kathy Dardenne
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Frank Geyer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Zara Cherkezova-Zheleva
- Institute of Catalysis, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, "Acad. G. Bonchev" Str., Bl.11, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Jörg Göttlicher
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation (IPS), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Horst Geckeis
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tonya Vitova
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Sun J, Wang K, Hao R, Zhang Z, Feng Z, Shi Z, Yuan W, Jing Z, Zhang L. Disregarded Free Chains Affect Bacterial Adhesion on Cross-Linked Polydimethylsiloxane Surfaces. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023. [PMID: 37466242 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
The surface properties exhibited by chemically cross-linked polydimethylsiloxanes (CPDMS) such as morphology, stiffness, and wettability have garnered great interest in the study of bacteria-material interactions. Nevertheless, the hidden factor of uncross-linked free PDMS chains that dissociate in CPDMS has often been overlooked when studying the biofilm formation on these polymeric elastomer surfaces. Here, we undertake a comparative characterization of the effects of free chains in CPDMS on bacterial adhesion to both flat and textured Sharklet CPDMS surfaces. Surprisingly, compared to unextracted surfaces, removing free chains from flat and textured CPDMS through solvent extraction results in a tremendous increase in bacterial colony-forming units for both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria up to 2-3 orders in the initial adhesion stage of 2 h. These findings demonstrate that the solvent extraction of free chains from CPDMS is essential in studying the interactions between bacteria and silicone elastomer materials when focusing on a single variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jining Sun
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Precision Manufacturing, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Kunwen Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Ruonan Hao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhongyu Feng
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhenqiang Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Wenjie Yuan
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhanyu Jing
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Precision Manufacturing, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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20
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Pianowska K, Kluczka J, Benke G, Goc K, Malarz J, Ochmański M, Leszczyńska-Sejda K. Solvent Extraction as a Method of Recovery and Separation of Platinum Group Metals. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:4681. [PMID: 37444993 DOI: 10.3390/ma16134681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Platinum group metals (PGMs) are a group of six metals with high market value and key importance to many industrial sectors. Due to their low prevalence in the Earth's crust and high demand, these metals have been recognized as critical materials for many years. Along with economic development, the natural resources of the platinum group metals are gradually depleting, which is accompanied by the need to recover PGMs from secondary sources. The solutions resulting from the processing of such materials are characterized by high content of impurities and low content of precious metals. For this reason, in order to obtain pure metals, it is extremely important to choose an effective, selective method for the recovery and separation of the platinum group metals. This review focuses on the most important aspects of the characteristics of the PGMs, including their properties and occurrence, the processing of natural and secondary raw materials and the role of liquid-liquid extraction in the selective separation of metals from this group, not only on a laboratory scale but, above all, on an industrial scale. In addition, this study collects information on the most commonly used, commercially available extractants, based on current reports, taken from the scientific literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Pianowska
- Łukasiewicz Research Network-Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals, Sowińskiego 5, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 6, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Joanna Kluczka
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 6, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Benke
- Łukasiewicz Research Network-Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals, Sowińskiego 5, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Karolina Goc
- Łukasiewicz Research Network-Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals, Sowińskiego 5, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 6, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Joanna Malarz
- Łukasiewicz Research Network-Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals, Sowińskiego 5, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Michał Ochmański
- Łukasiewicz Research Network-Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals, Sowińskiego 5, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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21
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Lemport PS, Petrov VS, Matveev PI, Leksina UM, Roznyatovsky VA, Gloriozov IP, Yatsenko AV, Tafeenko VA, Dorovatovskii PV, Khrustalev VN, Budylin GS, Shirshin EA, Markov VY, Goryunkov AA, Petrov VG, Ustynyuk YA, Nenajdenko VG. First 24-Membered Macrocyclic 1,10-Phenanthroline-2,9-Diamides-An Efficient Switch from Acidic to Alkaline Extraction of f-Elements. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10261. [PMID: 37373410 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A reaction of acyl chlorides derived from 1,10-phenanthroline-2,9-dicarboxylic acids with piperazine allows the preparation of the corresponding 24-membered macrocycles in good yield. The structural and spectral properties of these new macrocyclic ligands were thoroughly investigated, revealing promising coordination properties towards f-elements (Am, Eu). It was shown that the prepared ligands can be used for selective extraction of Am(III) from alkaline-carbonate media in presence of Eu(III) with an SFAm/Eu up to 40. Their extraction efficiency is higher than calixarene-type extraction of the Am(III) and Eu(III) pair. Composition of macrocycle-metal complex with Eu(III) was investigated by luminescence and UV-vis spectroscopy. The possibility of such ligands to form complexes of L:Eu = 1:2 stoichiometry is revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel S Lemport
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1 bld. 3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Valentine S Petrov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1 bld. 3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Petr I Matveev
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1 bld. 3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Uliana M Leksina
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1 bld. 3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Vitaly A Roznyatovsky
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1 bld. 3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Igor P Gloriozov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1 bld. 3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexandr V Yatsenko
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1 bld. 3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Viktor A Tafeenko
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1 bld. 3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | | | - Viktor N Khrustalev
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow 115419, Russia
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Gleb S Budylin
- Laboratory of Clinical Biophotonics, Biomedical Science and Technology Park, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Evgeny A Shirshin
- Laboratory of Clinical Biophotonics, Biomedical Science and Technology Park, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Vitaliy Yu Markov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1 bld. 3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexey A Goryunkov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1 bld. 3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Vladimir G Petrov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1 bld. 3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Yuri A Ustynyuk
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1 bld. 3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Valentine G Nenajdenko
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1 bld. 3, Moscow 119991, Russia
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22
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Nguyen CV, Phan CM, Hoang SA, Yusa SI. Comparison between Cashew-Based and Petrochemical Hydroxyoximes: Insights from Molecular Simulations. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093971. [PMID: 37175380 PMCID: PMC10180277 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Solvent extraction has been ubiquitously used to recover valuable metals from wastes such as spent batteries and electrical boards. With increasing demands for energy transition, there is a critical need to improve the recycling rate of critical metals, including copper. Therefore, the sustainability of reagents is critical for the overall sustainability of the process. Yet, the recycling process relies on functional organic compounds based on the hydroxyoxime group. To date, hydroxyoxime extractants have been produced from petrol-based chemical feedstocks. Recently, natural-based cardanol has been used to produce an alternative hydroxyoxime. The natural-based oxime has been employed to recover valuable metals (Ga, Ni, Co) via a liquid/liquid extraction process. The natural compound has a distinctive structure with 15 carbons in the alkyl tail. In contrast, petrol-based hydroxyoximes have only 12 or fewer carbons. However, the molecular advantages of this natural-based compound over the current petrol-based ones remain unclear. In this study, molecular dynamics simulation was employed to investigate the effect of extractant hydrocarbon chains on the extraction of copper ions. Two hydroxyoxime extractants with 12 and 15 carbons in the alkyl chain were found to have similar interactions with Cu2+ ions. Yet, a slight molecular binding increase was observed when the carbon chain was increased. In addition, lengthening the carbon chain made the extracting stage easier and the stripping stage harder. The binding would result in a lower pH in the extraction step and a lower pH in the stripping step. The insights from this molecular study would help design the extraction circuit using natural-based hydroxyoxime extractants. A successful application of cashew-based cardanol will improve the environmental benefits of the recycling process. With cashew-producing regions in developing countries, the application also improves these regions' social and economic sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuong V Nguyen
- Department of Water and Environmental Regulation, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Chi M Phan
- Discipline of Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Son A Hoang
- Institute of Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Ha Noi 11355, Vietnam
| | - Shin-Ichi Yusa
- Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, 2167, Shosha, Himeji 671-2280, Japan
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23
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Carneiro CR, Alhaji AM, da Silva CAS, de Sousa RDCS, Monteiro S, Coimbra JSDR. Potential Challenges of the Extraction of Carotenoids and Fatty Acids from Pequi ( Caryocar brasiliense) Oil. Foods 2023; 12:foods12091907. [PMID: 37174442 PMCID: PMC10178395 DOI: 10.3390/foods12091907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pequi is a natural source of bioactive compounds with wide versatility for fresh or processed fruit consumption, but it is still little explored economically. Functional foods are the subject of diverse scientific research since, in addition to being nourishing, they contain bioactive compounds capable of promoting several benefits to the human body. Pequi is a fruit species native to the Brazilian Cerrado, which is rich in oil and has components with a high nutritional value, such as unsaturated fatty acids (omega-3, omega-6, EPA, and DHA), antioxidants (carotenoids and phenolic compounds), and vitamins. Therefore, the present narrative review aims to compile and critically evaluate the methods used to extract oil from the pulp and almonds of pequi and describes the carotenoid separation from the oil because carotenoids are natural pigments of great interest in the pharmaceutical and food industries. It is emphasized that the main challenges linked to bioactive compound extraction are their susceptibility to degradation in the processing and storage stages of pequi and its derived products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adamu Muhammad Alhaji
- Department of Food Technology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil 713101, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Simone Monteiro
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
- Graduate Program of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Goias, Goiania 74690-900, Brazil
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24
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Hedwig S, Yagmurlu B, Peters EM, Misev V, Hengevoss D, Dittrich C, Forsberg K, Constable EC, Lenz M. From Trace to Pure: Pilot-Scale Scandium Recovery from TiO 2 Acid Waste. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 2023; 11:5883-5894. [PMID: 37091124 PMCID: PMC10114082 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c06979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Scandium (Sc), declared a critical raw material in the European Union (EU), could face further supply issues as the EU depends almost entirely on imports from China, Russia, and Ukraine. In this study, a tandem nanofiltration-solvent extraction procedure for Sc recovery from titania (TiO2) acid waste was piloted and then augmented by antisolvent crystallization. The new process, comprising advanced filtration (hydroxide precipitation, micro-, ultra-, and nanofiltration), solvent extraction, and antisolvent crystallization, was assessed in relation to material and energy inputs and benchmarked on ScF3 production. From ∼1 m3 of European acid waste containing traces of Sc (81 mg L-1), ∼13 g of Sc (43% yield, nine stages) was recovered as (NH4)3ScF6 with a purity of approximately 95%, demonstrating the technical feasibility of the approach. The production costs per kilogram of ScF3 were lower than reported market prices, which underscores a competitive process at scale. Although a few technical bottlenecks (e.g., S/L separation and electricity consumption) need to be overcome, combining advanced filtration with solvent extraction and antisolvent crystallization promises a future supply of this critical raw material from European secondary sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hedwig
- FHNW,
Institute for Ecopreneurship, Hofackerstrasse 30, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bengi Yagmurlu
- TU
Clausthal, Institute of Mineral and Waste Processing, Recycling and
Circular Economy Systems, Walter-Nernst-Str. 9, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | | | - Victor Misev
- FHNW,
Institute for Ecopreneurship, Hofackerstrasse 30, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Dirk Hengevoss
- FHNW,
Institute for Ecopreneurship, Hofackerstrasse 30, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | | | - Kerstin Forsberg
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, KTH Royal Institute
of Technology, 100-44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Edwin C. Constable
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Lenz
- FHNW,
Institute for Ecopreneurship, Hofackerstrasse 30, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
- Department
of Environmental Technology, Wageningen
University, Bornse Weilanden
9, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
- . Tel: +41 61 228 5686
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25
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Yang X, Xu L, Zhang A, Xiao C. Organophosphorus Extractants: A Critical Choice for Actinides/Lanthanides Separation in Nuclear Fuel Cycle. Chemistry 2023:e202300456. [PMID: 37013708 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
The separation of actinides from lanthanides in spent nuclear fuel reprocessing is a vital step of nuclear fuel cycle process. As one class of mature industrial extractants, the organophosphorus extractants have been widely used for the extraction and separation of actinides and lanthanides in spent fuel reprocessing due to their strong extraction ability and low-cost acquisition. In this concept, the application scope of tributyl phosphate (TBP), bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (HDEHP), octyl(phenyl)-N,N-diisobutylcarbamoylmethylphosphine oxide (CMPO), trialkyl phosphine oxide (TRPO), and purified Cyanex 301 (bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) dithiophosphinic acid, HA301) are introduced, and their extraction mechanism, as well as structure-function relationships for separation of actinides over lanthanides are also discussed. Furthermore, the design criteria, extraction properties and mechanism of several typical newly developed organophosphorus extractants (CMPO-modified calixarene/pillarene, phenanthroline-derived organophosphorus extractants, and phosphate-modified carborane) based on pre-organized skeletons are briefly reviewed. Finally, we summarize and emphasize the important role played by those organophosphorus extractants and look forward to their potential applications in separation of actinides over lanthanides in future advanced nuclear fuel cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Yang
- Zhejiang University, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, CHINA
| | - Lei Xu
- Zhejiang University, Institute of Nuclear-Agricultural Science, CHINA
| | - Anyun Zhang
- Zhejiang University, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, CHINA
| | - Chengliang Xiao
- Zhejiang University, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, 866 Yuhangtang Road, 310058, Hangzhou, CHINA
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26
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Kamp J, Dierkes G, Schweyen PN, Wick A, Ternes TA. Quantification of Poly(vinyl chloride) Microplastics via Pressurized Liquid Extraction and Combustion Ion Chromatography. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:4806-4812. [PMID: 36917996 PMCID: PMC10061920 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c06555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A reliable analytical method has been developed to quantify poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) in environmental samples. Quantification was conducted via combustion ion chromatography (C-IC). Hydrogen chloride (HCl) was quantitatively released from PVC during thermal decomposition and trapped in an absorption solution. Selectivity of the marker HCl in complex environmental samples was ensured using cleanup via pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) with methanol at 100 °C (discarded) and tetrahydrofuran at 185 °C (collected). Using this method, recoveries of 85.5 ± 11.5% and a limit of quantification down to 8.3 μg/g were achieved. A variety of hard and soft PVC products could be successfully analyzed via C-IC with recoveries exceeding >95%. Furthermore, no measurable overdetermination was found for various organic and inorganic matrix ingredients, such as sodium chloride, sucralose, hydroxychloroquine, diclofenac, chloramphenicol, triclosan, or polychlorinated biphenyls. In addition, sediments and suspended particular matter showed PVC concentrations ranging up to 16.0 and 220 μg/g, respectively. However, the gap between determined polymer mass and particle masses could be significant since soft PVC products contain plasticizers up to 50 wt %. Hence, the results of the described method represent a sum of all chlorine-containing polymers, which are extractable under the chosen conditions.
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27
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Shafi A, Farooq U, Akram K, Majeed H, Hakim A, Jayasinghe M. Cucumis melo seed oil: agro-food by-product with natural anti-hyperlipidemic potential. J Sci Food Agric 2023; 103:1644-1650. [PMID: 36418190 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sweet melon (Cucumis melo) seed is generally considered as agro-waste, however, the current study aimed to use this waste as a valuable oil source. The seed oil extracted by two different extraction techniques (cold press and solvent extraction) was investigated for its anti-hyperlipidemic potential. Hyperlipidemic rabbits were fed on the diet supplemented with sweet melon seed oil for 6 weeks (42 days) and thoroughly examined for the change in their lipid profile. RESULTS The blood lipid profile indicated a significant decrease in total cholesterol triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) contents of blood in hyperlipidemic rabbits fed on the diet supplemented with sweet melon seed oils while high-density lipoprotein (HDL) contents showed a noteworthy increase during the study period. CONCLUSION Cucumis melo seed oil can be used to control hyperlipidemia without restricting the intake of lipids in diet. Solvent extraction provided better results regarding extraction yield and product functionality than cold press method. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshan Shafi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Umar Farooq
- Department of Food Science and Technology, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Kashif Akram
- Department of Food Sciences, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Hamid Majeed
- Department of Food Sciences, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Hakim
- Department of Computer Science, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Madhura Jayasinghe
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Sri Jaywardnepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
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28
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Klasson KT, Qi Y, Bruni GO, Watson TT, Pancio BT, Terrell E. Recovery of Aconitic Acid from Sweet Sorghum Plant Extract Using a Solvent Mixture, and Its Potential Use as a Nematicide. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13030724. [PMID: 36983879 PMCID: PMC10054008 DOI: 10.3390/life13030724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Trans-aconitic acid (TAA) is naturally present in sweet sorghum juice and syrup, and it has been promoted as a potential biocontrol agent for nematodes. Therefore, we developed a process for the extraction of aconitic acid from sweet sorghum syrup. The process economics were evaluated, and the extract was tested for its capability to suppress the motility of the nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans and Meloidogyne incognita. Aconitic acid could be efficiently extracted from sweet sorghum syrup using acetone:butanol:ethanol mixtures, and it could be recovered from this solvent with a sodium carbonate solution, with an overall extraction and recovery efficiency of 86%. The estimated production cost was USD 16.64/kg of extract and this was highly dependent on the solvent cost, as the solvent was not recycled but was resold for recovery at a fraction of the cost. The extract was effective in reducing the motility of the parasitic M. incognita and causing over 78% mortality of the nematode when 2 mg/mL of TAA extract was added. However, this positive result could not conclusively be linked solely to TAA. An unidentified component (or components) in the acetone:butanol:ethanol sweet sorghum extract appears to be an effective nematode inhibitor, and it may merit further investigation. The impact of aconitic acid on C. elegans appeared to be entirely controlled by pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Thomas Klasson
- Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA
| | - Yunci Qi
- Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA
| | - Gillian O Bruni
- Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA
| | - Tristan T Watson
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Bretlyn T Pancio
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Program at USDA, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Evan Terrell
- Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA
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29
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Cui W, Zhu Q, Zhao C, Zhou W, Wang C. Solvent Extraction for Separation of Indonesian Oil Sands. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:4527. [PMID: 36901535 PMCID: PMC10002370 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Based on the examination of the basic properties, the solvent extraction process (SEP) was applied with high efficiency in the extraction of bitumen from Indonesian oil sands. To separate the oil sands, different organic solvents were first screened, and the extraction effects were analyzed to select a suitable solvent. Then, the effects of operating conditions on the extraction rate of bitumen were investigated. Finally, the compositions and structures of the bitumen obtained under suitable conditions were analyzed. The results showed that the Indonesian oil sands were oil-wet oil sands with a bitumen content of 24.93%, containing a large number of asphaltenes and resins with high polarity and complex structures. The separation performance was affected by different organic solvents and operating conditions. It was shown that the closer the structure and polarity of the selected solvent is to the solute, the better the extraction effect. The extraction rate of bitumen reached 18.55% when toluene was used as the extraction solvent under the operating conditions of V (solvent):m (oil sands) 3:1, temperature 40 °C, stirring velocity 300 r/min, time 30 min. The method could also be applied to the separation of other oil-wet oil sands. The compositions and structures of bitumen can guide the separation and comprehensive use of industrial oil sands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Cui
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Qingqing Zhu
- Zhejiang Chemical Products Quality Inspection Company Ltd., Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Chenze Zhao
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Weiyou Zhou
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Cheli Wang
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
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30
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Wu Y, Wang Y, Liu Z, Wang J. Extraction, Identification and Antioxidant Activity of 3-Deoxyanthocyanidins from Sorghum bicolor L. Moench Cultivated in China. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020468. [PMID: 36830026 PMCID: PMC9952376 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
3-deoxyanthocyanidins (3-DAs) are typical flavonoids found in sorghum bran, and they have received much attention in recent years owing to their bioactivities. To further enhance the resource utilization of sorghums cultivated in China, three brewing sorghum cultivars (Liaoza-48, Liaonuo-11, and Liaonian-3) commonly used in China were selected as raw materials for the construction of an extraction technology system for 3-DAs and the clarification of their structures and bioactivities. Based on single-factor experiments and response surface analysis, the optimized system for the extraction of 3-DAs from sorghum grains was as follows: a hydrochloric acid-methanol solution (1:100, v/v) was the extraction solvent, the solid-liquid ratio was 1:20 (g/mL), the extraction time was 130 min, and the temperature was 40 °C. This extraction system was simple and feasible. High performance liquid chromatography analysis suggested that the main monomeric compounds of the extracted 3-DAs were Apigeninidin (AE) and Luteolinidin (LE). Among the three selected sorghum grains, Liaoza-48 had the highest amount of AE (329.64 μg/g) and LE (97.18 μg/g). Antioxidant experiments indicated that the 3-DAs extracted from Liaoza-48 showed higher free-radical scavenging activities for DPPH, ABTS+, and hydroxyl radicals than those extracted from Liaonuo-11 and Liaonian-3. These results provide basic data and technical support for the high-value and comprehensive utilization of sorghums in China.
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31
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Millet LJ, Jain A, Gillette MU. Less Is More: Oligomer Extraction and Hydrothermal Annealing Increase PDMS Adhesion Forces for Materials Studies and for Biology-Focused Microfluidic Applications. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 14:214. [PMID: 36677275 PMCID: PMC9866318 DOI: 10.3390/mi14010214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cues in the micro-environment are key determinants in the emergence of complex cellular morphologies and functions. Primary among these is the presence of neighboring cells that form networks. For high-resolution analysis, it is crucial to develop micro-environments that permit exquisite control of network formation. This is especially true in cell science, tissue engineering, and clinical biology. We introduce a new approach for assembling polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based microfluidic environments that enhances cell network formation and analyses. We report that the combined processes of PDMS solvent-extraction and hydrothermal annealing create unique conditions that produce high-strength bonds between solvent-extracted PDMS (E-PDMS) and glass-properties not associated with conventional PDMS. Extraction followed by hydrothermal annealing removes unbound oligomers, promotes polymer cross-linking, facilitates covalent bond formation with glass, and retains the highest biocompatibility. Herein, our extraction protocol accelerates oligomer removal from 5 to 2 days. Resulting microfluidic platforms are uniquely suited for cell-network studies owing to high adhesion forces, effectively corralling cellular extensions and eliminating harmful oligomers. We demonstrate the simple, simultaneous actuation of multiple microfluidic domains for invoking ATP- and glutamate-induced Ca2+ signaling in glial-cell networks. These E-PDMS modifications and flow manipulations further enable microfluidic technologies for cell-signaling and network studies as well as novel applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry J. Millet
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- The Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, One Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Environmental Biotechnology, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Anika Jain
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- The Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Martha U. Gillette
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- The Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science & Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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32
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Li L, Yu B, Davis K, King A, Dal-Cin M, Nicalek A, Du N. Separation of Neodymium (III) and Lanthanum (III) via a Flat Sheet-Supported Liquid Membrane with Different Extractant-Acid Systems. Membranes (Basel) 2022; 12:membranes12121197. [PMID: 36557104 PMCID: PMC9784832 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12121197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The increasing demand for neodymium (Nd) permanent magnets in electric motors has revived research interest of Nd recovery and separation from other rare earth elements (REEs). Typically, Nd/La separation is necessary for Nd recovery from primary ores and secondary resource recycling. This research used a flat sheet-supported liquid membrane (FSSLM) with different extractant-acid systems to extract Nd from a Nd/La mixture. The recovery and separation of Nd/La with 204P-H2SO4, 507P-HCl, and TBP-HNO3 were discussed. The results showed effective Nd recovery and promising Nd/La selectivity could be achieved in the 507P-HCl system, compared to 204P-H2SO4 and TBP-HNO3. The addition of citric acid to the feed solution was effective for pH buffering but did not improve the Nd transport or Nd/La selectivity. Long-term stability of the 507P-HCl extractant system was demonstrated by extending the processing time from 6 h to 6 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Correspondence: (L.L.); (B.Y.); (N.D.)
| | - Ben Yu
- Correspondence: (L.L.); (B.Y.); (N.D.)
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Liu T, Johnson KR, Jansone-Popova S, Jiang DE. Advancing Rare-Earth Separation by Machine Learning. JACS Au 2022; 2:1428-1434. [PMID: 35783179 PMCID: PMC9241157 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Constituting the bulk of rare-earth elements, lanthanides need to be separated to fully realize their potential as critical materials in many important technologies. The discovery of new ligands for improving rare-earth separations by solvent extraction, the most practical rare-earth separation process, is still largely based on trial and error, a low-throughput and inefficient approach. A predictive model that allows high-throughput screening of ligands is needed to identify suitable ligands to achieve enhanced separation performance. Here, we show that deep neural networks, trained on the available experimental data, can be used to predict accurate distribution coefficients for solvent extraction of lanthanide ions, thereby opening the door to high-throughput screening of ligands for rare-earth separations. One innovative approach that we employed is a combined representation of ligands with both molecular physicochemical descriptors and atomic extended-connectivity fingerprints, which greatly boosts the accuracy of the trained model. More importantly, we synthesized four new ligands and found that the predicted distribution coefficients from our trained machine-learning model match well with the measured values. Therefore, our machine-learning approach paves the way for accelerating the discovery of new ligands for rare-earth separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongyu Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Katherine R. Johnson
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Santa Jansone-Popova
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - De-en Jiang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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34
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Deng F, Lin F. Measurement of 90Sr in Marine Biological Samples. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27123730. [PMID: 35744856 PMCID: PMC9227348 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Strontium-90 (90Sr) is one of the most hazardous radionuclides, and it contributes to radiation exposure by ingestion. The routine determination of 90Sr in marine biological samples is highly desirable given the development of the nuclear power industry. A fast, simple, and low-detection-limit method was developed for the measurement of 90Sr in marine biological samples based on determining 90Y by means of coprecipitation and solvent extraction with bis-2-ethylhexyl-phosphoric acid (HDEHP) in n-heptane. The interfering 210Bi is removed using Bi2S3 precipitation. The separation and purification of eight samples per day can be accomplished through this method. The detection limit of 90Sr for this method is 0.10 Bq/kg (ash weight). The radiochemical procedure was validated by fitting the decay curve of the sample source and by the determination of 90Sr standards.
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35
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Atia BM, Sakr AK, Gado MA, El-Gendy HS, Abdelazeem NM, El-Sheikh EM, Hanfi MY, Sayyed MI, Al-Otaibi JS, Cheira MF. Synthesis of a New Chelating Iminophosphorane Derivative (Phosphazene) for U(VI) Recovery. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:1687. [PMID: 35566857 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new synthetic chelating N–hydroxy–N–trioctyl iminophosphorane (HTIP) was prepared through the reaction of trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) with N–hydroxylamine hydrochloride in the presence of a Lewis acid (AlCl3). Specifications for the HTIP chelating ligand were successfully determined using many analytical techniques, 13C–NMR, 1H–NMR, FTIR, EDX, and GC–MS analyses, which assured a reasonable synthesis of the HTIP ligand. The ability of HTIP to retain U(VI) ions was investigated. The optimum experimental factors, pH value, experimental time, initial U(VI) ion concentration, HTIP dosage, ambient temperature, and eluents, were attained with solvent extraction techniques. The utmost retention capacity of HTIP/CHCl3 was 247.5 mg/g; it was achieved at pH = 3.0, 25 °C, with 30 min of shaking and 0.99 × 10−3 mol/L. From the stoichiometric calculations, approximately 1.5 hydrogen atoms are released during the extraction at pH 3.0, and 4.0 moles of HTIP ligand were responsible for chelation of one mole of uranyl ions. According to kinetic studies, the pseudo–first order model accurately predicted the kinetics of U(VI) extraction by HTIP ligand with a retention power of 245.47 mg/g. The thermodynamic parameters ΔS°, ΔH°, and ΔG° were also calculated; the extraction process was predicted as an exothermic, spontaneous, and advantageous extraction at low temperatures. As the temperature increased, the value of ∆G° increased. The elution of uranium ions from the loaded HTIP/CHCl3 was achieved using 2.0 mol of H2SO4 with a 99.0% efficiency rate. Finally, the extended variables were used to obtain a uranium concentrate (Na2U2O7, Y.C) with a uranium grade of 69.93% and purity of 93.24%.
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36
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Salman AD, Juzsakova T, Mohsen S, Abdullah TA, Le PC, Sebestyen V, Sluser B, Cretescu I. Scandium Recovery Methods from Mining, Metallurgical Extractive Industries, and Industrial Wastes. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:2376. [PMID: 35407709 DOI: 10.3390/ma15072376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The recovery of scandium (Sc) from wastes and various resources using solvent extraction (SX) was discussed in detail. Moreover, the metallurgical extractive procedures for Sc recovery were presented. Acidic and neutral organophosphorus (OPCs) extractants are the most extensively used in industrial activities, considering that they provide the highest extraction efficiency of any of the valuable components. Due to the chemical and physical similarities of the rare earth metals, the separation and purification processes of Sc are difficult tasks. Sc has also been extracted from acidic solutions using carboxylic acids, amines, and acidic β-diketone, among other solvents and chemicals. For improving the extraction efficiencies, the development of mixed extractants or synergistic systems for the SX of Sc has been carried out in recent years. Different operational parameters play an important role in the extraction process, such as the type of the aqueous phase and its acidity, the aqueous (A) to organic (O) and solid (S) to liquid (L) phase ratios, as well as the type of the diluents. Sc recovery is now implemented in industrial production using a combination of hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical techniques, such as ore pre-treatment, leaching, SX, precipitation, and calcination. The hydrometallurgical methods (acid leaching and SX) were effective for Sc recovery. Furthermore, the OPCs bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA/P204) and tributyl phosphate (TBP) showed interesting potential taking into consideration some co-extracted metals such as Fe(III) and Ti(IV).
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37
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Li MM, Liu XJ, Yang Q, Liu YK, Nie J, Yang SM, Yang YY, Lou FY, Xiao ST, Ouyang YG, Ye GA. Influence of Electronic Modulation of Phenanthroline-Derived Ligands on Separation of Lanthanides and Actinides. Molecules 2022; 27. [PMID: 35335150 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The solvent extraction, complexing ability, and basicity of tetradentate N-donor 2,9-bis(5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,2,4-benzotriazin-3-yl)-1,10-phenanthroline (CyMe4-BT- Phen) and its derivatives functionalized by Br, hydroxyphenyl, nitryl were discussed and compared. It was demonstrated that four BTPhen ligands are able to selectively extract Am(lll) over Eu(lll). It was notable that the distribution ratio of 5-nitryl-CyMe4-BTPhen for Eu(lll) was suppressed under 0.02, which was much lower compared to DEu(lll) = 1 by CyMe4-BTPhen. The analysis of the effect of the substituent on the affinity to lanthanides was conducted by UV/vis and fluorescence spectroscopic titration. The stability constants of various ligands with Eu(lll) were obtained by fitting titration curve. Additionally, the basicity of various ligands was determined to be 3.1 ± 0.1, 2.3 ± 0.2, 0.9 ± 0.2, 0.5 ± 0.1 by NMR in the media of CD3OD with the addition of DClO4. The basicity of ligands follows the order of L1 > L2 > L3 > L4, indicating the tendency of protonation decreases with the electron-withdrawing ability increase.
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Wen J, Ning P, Sun Z, Jia W, Yang H, Han Q, Yang J, Cao H. Quantitative tuning of ionic metal species for ultra-selective metal solvent extraction toward high-purity vanadium products. J Hazard Mater 2022; 425:127756. [PMID: 34883375 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The essence behind metal solvent extraction is the interaction between metal species and organic extractants. Aqueous metal species tuning at the molecular level is critical to improve the extraction efficiency and selectivity of the target metal. Herein, we demonstrate a quantitative metal species tuning strategy which is capable of extracting the most critical metals (e.g., V, W, and Mo) in extraction systems constructed by amines. We reveal the superior activities of V4 and V10 species among various V and Cr species by calculations and experiments. In addition, the contribution of various Vn species was quantitatively evaluated via Ion Species Contribution Evaluation (ISCE). Our tuning strategy is rationally designed by bridging species characteristics and routine aqueous conditions with extraction activities. Consequently, a three-dimensional model of V and Cr solvent extraction is established for the prediction of reaction regions, and the reactivities of nearly 20 kinds of typical metal species are compared and predicted. Our strategy serves for industrial solvent extraction, and may provide inspiration for the traditional hydrometallurgical revolutionary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Wen
- Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Pengge Ning
- Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Zhi Sun
- Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenting Jia
- Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hailun Yang
- Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qingzhen Han
- Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Hongbin Cao
- Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Cao W, Wang Y, Shehzad Q, Liu Z, Zeng R. Effect of Different Solvents on the Extraction of Oil from Peony Seeds (Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.): Oil Yield, Fatty Acids Composition, Minor Components, and Antioxidant Capacity. J Oleo Sci 2022; 71:333-342. [PMID: 35236793 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess21274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peony seed oil is full of nutrition and exert positive effects on human's health. The influences of seven solvents (isopropanol, acetone, Hx:Iso (n-hexane/isopropanol, 3:2 v/v), Chf:Me (chloroform/methanol, 1:1 v/v), ethyl acetate, n-hexane, and petroleum ether) on the oil yields, lipid composition, minor components and antioxidant capacity of peony seed oil were compared in this study. Results indicated that the highest oil yield (35.63%) was obtained using Hx:Iso, while Chf:Me showed the best extraction efficiency for linolenic acid (43.68%), trilinolenoyl-glycerol (15.00%), and dilinolenoyl-linoleoyl-glycerol (18.01%). For minor components, Chf:Me presented a significant advantage in the extraction of tocopherol (601.49 mg/kg), and the peony seed oil extracted with petroleum ether had the highest sterols (4089.82 mg/kg) and squalene contents (66.26 mg/kg). Although the use of isopropanol led to a lower sterol content, its extracts showed a significant higher polyphenol content (68.88 mg GAE/kg) than other solvents and exhibited the strongest antioxidant capacity. Additionally, correlation analysis revealed that polyphenols were the most important minor component for predicting the antioxidant capacity of peony seed oil. The above information is valuable for manufacturers to select suitable solvents to produce peony seed oil with the required levels of fatty acids and minor components for targeted end-use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichao Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University
| | - Yongjin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University
| | - Qayyum Shehzad
- National Engineering Laboratory for Agri-product Quality Traceability, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University
| | - Zeyi Liu
- Dushan County Market Supervision and Administration Bureau
| | - Rongji Zeng
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University
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40
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Yoo S, Qiao B, Douglas T, Bu W, Olvera de la Cruz M, Dutta P. Specific Ion Effects in Lanthanide-Amphiphile Structures at the Air-Water Interface and Their Implications for Selective Separation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:7504-7512. [PMID: 35099919 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c24008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The use of surfactants to attract dissolved ions to water surfaces and interfaces is an essential step in both solvent-based and solvent-free separation processes. We have studied the interactions of lanthanide ions in the aqueous subphase with monolayers of dihexadecyl phosphate at air-water interfaces. With heavier lanthanides (atomic number Z ≥ 65) in the subphase, the floating layer can be compressed to an area/molecule of about half the molecular cross section, indicating bilayer formation. X-ray fluorescence and reflectivity data support this conclusion. In the presence of lighter lanthanides (Z < 65), only monolayers are observed. Subphase-concentration-dependent studies using Er3+ (heavier) and Nd3+ (lighter) lanthanides show a stepwise progression, with ions attaching to the monolayer only when the solution concentration is >3 × 10-7 M. Above ∼10-5 M, bilayers form but only in the presence of the heavier lanthanide. Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction shows evidence of lateral ion-ion correlations in the bilayer structure but not in monolayers. Explicit solvent all-atom molecular dynamics simulations confirm the elevated ion-ion correlation in the bilayer system. This bilayer structure isolates heavier lanthanides but not lighter lanthanides from an aqueous solution and is therefore a potential mechanism for the selective separation of heavier lanthanides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangjun Yoo
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Baofu Qiao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Travis Douglas
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Wei Bu
- Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Monica Olvera de la Cruz
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Pulak Dutta
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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Guo X, Chen M, He X, Zhao Y, Yu J, Zhu J, Li L, Xia G, Zang H. Phytochemical profiling and antioxidant, enzyme-inhibitory, and toxic activities of extracts from Adonis ramosa Franch. Nat Prod Res 2022:1-5. [PMID: 35045779 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2027937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the content and biological activity of three solvent extracts of Adonis ramosa Franch (AR), which contains 12 types of phytochemicals. The overall yield and total protein content of the aqueous extract were the highest, and it exhibited the highest hydroxyl and superoxide radical-scavenging abilities, copper chelating abilities, and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity. Ethanol extract had the highest total phenolic, flavonoid, and carbohydrate contents, and it showed the highest iron chelating activity, and HClO- and nitrite-scavenging abilities. Methanol AR extract contained the highest total steroid and tannin contents; it also demonstrated high radical- and reactive oxygen species-scavenging abilities and had the best ferric reducing antioxidant power, which allowed it to effectively prevent β-carotene bleaching. Methanol extract also showed good stability and low toxicity. All tested solvent extracts of AR exhibited weak enzyme-inhibitory activities for four enzymes (α-glucosidase, α-amylase, acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase). Overall, AR can serve as a natural antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Guo
- School of Pharmacy and Medicine, Green Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Tonghua Normal University, Tonghua, China
| | - Meihua Chen
- School of Pharmacy and Medicine, Green Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Tonghua Normal University, Tonghua, China.,College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Xu He
- School of Pharmacy and Medicine, Green Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Tonghua Normal University, Tonghua, China.,College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Yiman Zhao
- School of Pharmacy and Medicine, Green Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Tonghua Normal University, Tonghua, China
| | - Jianhua Yu
- School of Pharmacy and Medicine, Green Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Tonghua Normal University, Tonghua, China
| | - Junyi Zhu
- School of Pharmacy and Medicine, Green Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Tonghua Normal University, Tonghua, China.,Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Application of Changbai Mountain Biological Gerplasm Resources of Jilin Province, Tonghua, China
| | - Li Li
- School of Pharmacy and Medicine, Green Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Tonghua Normal University, Tonghua, China
| | - Guangqing Xia
- School of Pharmacy and Medicine, Green Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Tonghua Normal University, Tonghua, China.,College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, China.,Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Application of Changbai Mountain Biological Gerplasm Resources of Jilin Province, Tonghua, China
| | - Hao Zang
- School of Pharmacy and Medicine, Green Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Tonghua Normal University, Tonghua, China.,College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, China.,Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Application of Changbai Mountain Biological Gerplasm Resources of Jilin Province, Tonghua, China
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42
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Vereycken W, Riaño S, Van Gerven T, Binnemans K. Continuous Counter-Current Ionic Liquid Metathesis in Mixer-Settlers: Efficiency Analysis and Comparison with Batch Operation. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 2022; 10:946-955. [PMID: 35070519 PMCID: PMC8767539 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c06873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Following the initial cation formation, the synthesis of ionic liquids (ILs) often involves an anion-exchange or metathesis reaction. For hydrophobic ILs, this is generally performed through several cross-current contacts of the IL with a fresh salt solution of the desired anion. However, if a large number of contacts is required to attain an adequate conversion, this procedure is not economical because of the large excess of the reagent that is consumed. In this study, the metathesis of an IL, Aliquat 336 or [A336][Cl], to ILs with other anions ([A336][X] with X = HSO4 -, Br-, NO3 -, I-, and SCN-) was studied in a continuous counter-current mixer-settler setup. McCabe-Thiele diagrams were constructed to estimate the required number of stages for quantitative conversion. Significantly higher IL conversions were achieved, combined with reduced reagent consumption and waste production. This improvement in efficiency was most pronounced for anions placed low in the Hofmeister series, for example, HSO4 -, Br-, and NO3 -, which are difficult to exchange. The performance of the counter-current experiments was compared with the conventional multistep cross-current batch process by calculating the reaction mass efficiency (RME) and the environmental factor (E-factor). The RMEs of the cross-current experiments were notably smaller, that is, 38-78% of the values observed for the counter-current experiments. The E-factors of the counter-current experiments were a factor of 2.0-6.8 smaller than those of the cross-current experiments. These sustainability metrics indicate a highly efficient reagent use and a considerable, simultaneous decrease in waste production for the counter-current IL metathesis reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem Vereycken
- Department
of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, P.O. box 2404, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sofía Riaño
- Department
of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, P.O. box 2404, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tom Van Gerven
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, P.O. box 2424, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Binnemans
- Department
of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, P.O. box 2404, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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43
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Stepanov SI, Hoa NTY, Boyarintseva EV, Boyarintsev AV, Kostikova GV, Tsivadze AY. Separation of Rare-Earth Elements from Nitrate Solutions by Solvent Extraction Using Mixtures of Methyltri-n-octylammonium Nitrate and Tri-n-butyl Phosphate. Molecules 2022; 27:557. [PMID: 35056872 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The article presents data on the solvent extraction separation of rare-earth elements (REEs), such as La(III), Ce(III), Pr(III), and Nd(III), using synergic mixtures of methyltrioctylammonium nitrate (TOMANO3) with tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) from weakly acidic nitrate solutions. Specifically, experimental results on separation of REEs, for the pair Ce(III)/Pr(III) for quaternary mixtures of REEs (La(III), Ce(III), Pr(III), Nd(III)) and for the pair La(III)/Pr(III) for solutions containing La(III), Pr(III), and Nd(III), are presented. It was shown that effective separation for the pair Ce(III)/Pr(III) from a solution containing 219 g Ce(III)/L, 106 g La(III)/L, 20 g Pr(III)/L, 55 g Nd(III)/L, and 0.1 mol/L HNO3, was achieved using 56 steps of a multistage, counter-current solvent extraction cascade with scrubbing, at an organic-to-aqueous phase volume ratio (O/A) equal to 2/1 on the extraction section and O/A equal to 4/1 on the scrubbing section, using 3.3 mol/L solutions of the mixture TOMANO3-TBP with molar ratio 0.15:0.85 in dodecane. Separation for the pair La(III)/Pr(III) could be achieved using a solvent extraction cascade with scrubbing in 32 steps at O/A equal to 2/1 on the extraction section and O/A equal to 2.8/1 on the scrubbing section of the solvent extraction cascade from a solution containing 258 g La(III)/L, 58 g Pr(III)/L, 141 g Nd(III)/L, and 0.1 mol/L HNO3 with 3.0 mol/L solution of the mixture TOMANO3-TBP with molar ratio 0.2:0.8 in dodecane.
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Ferreira AM, Sucena I, Otero V, Angelin EM, Melo MJ, Coutinho JAP. Pretreatment of Plastic Waste: Removal of Colorants from HDPE Using Biosolvents. Molecules 2021; 27:98. [PMID: 35011334 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Plastics recycling remains a challenge due to the relatively low quality of the recycled material, since most of the developed recycling processes cannot deal with the additives present in the plastic matrix, so the recycled products end up in lower-grade applications. The application of volatile organic solvents for additives removal is the preferred choice. In this study, pretreatment of plastic packaging waste to remove additives using biosolvents was investigated. The plastic waste used was high-density polyethylene (HDPE) with blue and orange colorants (pigment and/or dye). The first step was to identify the type of colorants present in the HDPE, and we found that both plastics presented only one colorant that was actually a pigment. Then, limonene, a renewable solvent, was used to solubilize HDPE. After HDPE dissolution, a wide range of alcohols (mono-, di-, and tri-alcohols) was evaluated as antisolvents in order to selectively precipitate the polymer and maximize its purity. The use of limonene as solvent for plastic dissolution, in combination with poly-alcohols with an intermediate alkyl chain length and a large number of hydroxyl (OH) groups, was found to work best as an antisolvent (1,2,3-propanetriol and 1,2,4-butanetriol), leading to a removal of up to 94% and 100% of the blue and orange pigments, respectively. Finally, three cycles of extraction were carried out, proving the capability of the solvent and antisolvent to be recovered and reused, ensuring the economic viability and sustainability of the process. This pretreatment provides a secondary source of raw materials and revenue for the recycling process, which may lead to an increase in the quality of recycled polymers, contributing to the development of an economical and sustainable recycling process.
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Abstract
We investigated the chemical behavior of lanthanides (Ln) by multistage extraction. Using 10 aqueous phases with Ln and 3 organic phases, we drew the breakthrough curves for light and middle Ln. Our study reveals that the limit of metal extraction depends on their D values and the metal concentration employed in experiments. From the multistage extractions of 15 stage aqueous phases and 15 stage organic phases, three curves (extraction curves, back-extraction curves, and separation curves) were obtained. Setting appropriate conditions, adequate separation of light Ln from middle ones can be achieved. As an example, under the condition of the separation curve experiment (aqueous phase: 0.5 M HNO3, organic phase: 0.1 M TDDGA (N,N,N',N'-tetradecyl-diglycolamide) in n-dodecane), the recovery of more than 99% of Sm in the organic phase with less than 1% of Nd can be obtained, even in the case of two metals adjacent to each other in the Ln series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Matsutani
- Nuclear Science and Engineer Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency.,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University
| | - Yuji Sasaki
- Nuclear Science and Engineer Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency
| | - Shoichi Katsuta
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University
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Witt K, Kaczorowska MA, Bożejewicz D, Urbaniak W. Efficient Recovery of Noble Metal Ions (Pd 2+, Ag +, Pt 2+, and Au 3+) from Aqueous Solutions Using N,N'-Bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine (Salen) as an Extractant (Classic Solvent Extraction) and Carrier (Polymer Membranes). Membranes (Basel) 2021; 11:863. [PMID: 34832092 PMCID: PMC8625233 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11110863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents the results of the first application of N,N'-bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine (salen) as an extractant in classical liquid-liquid extraction and as a carrier in membrane processes designed for the recovery of noble metal ions (Pd2+, Ag+, Pt2+, and Au3+) from aqueous solutions. In the case of the utilization of membranes, both sorption and desorption were investigated. Salen has not been used so far in the sorption processes of precious metal ions. Recovery experiments were performed on single-component solutions (containing only one type of metal ions) and polymetallic solutions (containing ions of all four metals). The stability constants of the obtained complexes were determined spectrophotometrically. In contrast, electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry (ESI-HRMS) was applied to examine the elemental composition and charge of the generated complexes of chosen noble metal ions and salen molecules. The results show the great potential of N,N'-bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine as both an extractant and a carrier. In the case of single-component solutions, the extraction percentage was over 99% for all noble metal ions (molar ratio M:L of 1:1), and in the case of a polymetallic solution, it was the lowest, but over 94% for platinum ions and the highest value (over 99%) for gold ions. The percentages of sorption (%Rs) of metal ions from single-component solutions using polymer membranes containing N,N'-bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine as a carrier were highest after 24 h of the process (93.23% for silver(I) ions, 74.99% for gold(III) ions, 69.11% and 66.13% for palladium(II) and platinum(II) ions, respectively), similar to the values obtained for the membrane process conducted in multi-metal solutions (92.96%, 84.26%, 80.94%, and 48.36% for Pd(II), Au(III), Ag(I), and Pt(II) ions, respectively). The percentage of desorption (%Rdes) was very high for single-component solutions (the highest, i.e., 99%, for palladium solution and the lowest, i.e., 88%, for silver solution), while for polymetallic solutions, these values were slightly lower (for Pt(II), it was the lowest at 63.25%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Witt
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 3 Seminaryjna Street, PL 85326 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.A.K.); (D.B.)
| | - Małgorzata A. Kaczorowska
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 3 Seminaryjna Street, PL 85326 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.A.K.); (D.B.)
| | - Daria Bożejewicz
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 3 Seminaryjna Street, PL 85326 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.A.K.); (D.B.)
| | - Włodzimierz Urbaniak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 8 Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego Street, PL 61712 Poznań, Poland;
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Todorović B, Grujić VJ, Krajnc AU, Kranvogl R, Ambrožič-Dolinšek J. Identification and Content of Astaxanthin and Its Esters from Microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis by HPLC-DAD and LC-QTOF-MS after Extraction with Various Solvents. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:2413. [PMID: 34834776 PMCID: PMC8625947 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Haematococcus pluvialis, a unicellular green microalga that produces a secondary metabolite under stress conditions, bears one of the most potent antioxidants, namely xanthophyll astaxanthin. The aim of our study was to determine the content of astaxanthin and its esterified forms using three different solvents-methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), hexane isopropanol (HEX -IPA) and acetone (ACE)-and to identify them by using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and the quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD and LC-QTOF-MS) technique. We identified eleven astaxanthin monoesters, which accounted for 78.8% of the total astaxanthin pool, six astaxanthin diesters (20.5% of total), while free astaxanthin represented the smallest fraction (0.7%). Astaxanthin monoesters (C16:2, C16:1, C16:0), which were the major bioactive compounds in the H. pluvialis samples studied, ranged from 10.2 to 11.8 mg g-1 DW. Astaxanthin diesters (C18:4/C18:3, C18:1/C18:3) were detected in the range between 2.3 and 2.6 mg g-1 DW. All three solvents were found to be effective for extraction, but MTBE and hexane-isopropanol extracted the greatest amount of free bioactive astaxanthin. Furthermore, MTBE extracted more low-chain astaxanthin monoesters (C16), and hexane-isopropanol extracted more long-chain monoesters (C18 and above) and more diesters. We can conclude that MTBE is the solvent of choice for the extraction of monoesters and hexane-isopropanol for diesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Todorović
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Maribor, Pivola 10, SI-2311 Hoce, Slovenia; (B.T.); (A.U.K.)
| | - Veno Jaša Grujić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Koroška 160, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia;
- Department of Elementary Education, Faculty of Education, University of Maribor, Koroška 160, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Andreja Urbanek Krajnc
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Maribor, Pivola 10, SI-2311 Hoce, Slovenia; (B.T.); (A.U.K.)
| | - Roman Kranvogl
- National Laboratory of Health, Environment and Food, Prvomajska 1, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia;
| | - Jana Ambrožič-Dolinšek
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Maribor, Pivola 10, SI-2311 Hoce, Slovenia; (B.T.); (A.U.K.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Koroška 160, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia;
- Department of Elementary Education, Faculty of Education, University of Maribor, Koroška 160, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
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Melo T, Figueiredo ARP, da Costa E, Couto D, Silva J, Domingues MR, Domingues P. Ethanol Extraction of Polar Lipids from Nannochloropsis oceanica for Food, Feed, and Biotechnology Applications Evaluated Using Lipidomic Approaches. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:593. [PMID: 34822464 DOI: 10.3390/md19110593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nannochloropsis oceanica can accumulate lipids and is a good source of polar lipids, which are emerging as new value-added compounds with high commercial value for the food, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical industries. Some applications may limit the extraction solvents, such as food applications that require safe food-grade solvents, such as ethanol. However, the effect of using ethanol as an extraction solvent on the quality of the extracted polar lipidome, compared to other more traditional methods, is not yet well established. In this study, the polar lipid profile of N. oceanica extracts was obtained using different solvents, including chloroform/methanol (CM), dichloromethane/methanol (DM), dichloromethane/ethanol (DE), and ethanol (E), and evaluated by modern lipidomic methods using LC-MS/MS. Ultrasonic bath (E + USB)- and ultrasonic probe (E + USP)-assisted methodologies were implemented to increase the lipid extraction yields using ethanol. The polar lipid signature and antioxidant activity of DM, E + USB, and E + USP resemble conventional CM, demonstrating a similar extraction efficiency, while the DE and ethanol extracts were significantly different. Our results showed the impact of different extraction solvents in the polar lipid composition of the final extracts and demonstrated the feasibility of E + USB and E + USP as safe and food-grade sources of polar lipids, with the potential for high-added-value biotechnological applications.
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Durain J, Bourgeois D, Bertrand M, Meyer D. Short Alternative Route for Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing Based on Organic Phase Self-Splitting. Molecules 2021; 26:6234. [PMID: 34684817 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A more sustainable management of natural resources and the establishment of processes allowing a joint management of nuclear materials to avoid their diversion from their civilian use are two issues for the nuclear industry. Short alternatives to existing processes have therefore been proposed based on known systems available, tributylphosphate (TBP), for the separation of actinides by liquid/liquid extraction. Proof of concept of such alternative has been established on the uranium(VI)/thorium(IV) system. From an organic phase consisting of a mixture of TBP/n-dodecane loaded with uranium and thorium, two fluxes have been obtained: the first contains almost all of the thorium in the presence of uranium in a controlled ratio, the second contains surplus uranium. Two levers were selected to control the spontaneous separation of the organic phase: the addition of concentrated nitric acid, or the temperature variation. Best results have been obtained using a temperature drop in the liquid/liquid extraction process, and variations in process conditions have been studied. Final metal recovery and solvent recycling have also been demonstrated, opening the door for further process development.
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Adnadjevic B, Koturevic B, Jovanovic J. Isothermal kinetics of ethanolic extraction of total hypericin from pre-extracted Hypericum perforatum flowers. Phytochem Anal 2021; 32:757-766. [PMID: 33319396 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypericum perforatum L., Hypericaceae (St John's wort) is a highly familiar plant in the medicinal community which recently showed good antiviral activities including against some types of coronavirus. OBJECTIVE Establishing the kinetics of isothermal extraction of total hypericin (TH) from the pre-extracted flowers of H. perforatum flowers. METHODS The solvent extraction of TH from the remaining solid residue after the pre-extraction procedure was performed providing isothermal conditions at the temperature of 313 K, 323 K, and 328 K (±1 K) using ethanol as a solvent. The feasibility of mathematical modelling of the isothermal kinetics of TH extraction was explored applying some of the frequently used kinetic models of solvent extraction: first-order reaction model, film theory model, unsteady-state diffusion model, parabolic diffusion model, Elovich's equation. The kinetic complexity was examined using the differential isoconversional method. RESULTS The kinetics of isothermal solvent extraction of TH is a kinetic elementary process with the unique rate-determining step. It was found that the kinetics of isothermal extraction of TH can be best described employing the theoretical Jander three-dimensional (3D) diffusional model and its suitability for modelling the investigated extraction was confirmed with statistical parameters [adjusted linear correlation coefficient (R2 adj ) = 0.998-0.999 and the standard error (SE) = 0.005-0.006]. The values of the model kinetic parameters (rate constant (kM /min-1 ), activation energy (Ea = 21.0 ± 4.9 kJ/mol) and pre-exponential factor (lnA = 3.1 ± 2.2 min-1 ) were calculated. CONCLUSIONS Based on the model mechanism of the kinetics of the investigated extraction a new mathematical model is suggested and the controlling step of the overall process was found.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Biljana Koturevic
- Department of Forensic Engineering, University of Criminal Investigation and Police Studies, Zemun, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Jovanovic
- Institute of General and Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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