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Heo H, Shin Y, Son J, Ryu S, Cho K, Kim S. Gate-bias stability of triple-gated feedback field-effect transistors with silicon nanosheet channels. Nanotechnology 2024; 35:275203. [PMID: 38579689 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad3b04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we investigate the gate-bias stability of triple-gated feedback field-effect transistors (FBFETs) with Si nanosheet channels. The subthreshold swing (SS) of FBFETs increases from 0.3 mV dec-1to 60 and 80 mV dec-1inp- andn-channel modes, respectively, when a positive bias stress (PBS) is applied for 1000 s. In contrast, the SS value does not change even after a negative bias stress (NBS) is applied for 1000 s. The difference in the switching characteristics under PBS and NBS is attributed to the ability of the interface traps to readily gain electrons from the inversion layer. The switching characteristics deteriorated by PBS are completely recovered after annealing at 300 °C for 10 min, and the characteristics remain stable even after PBS is applied again for 1000 s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyojoo Heo
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunwoo Shin
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemin Son
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungho Ryu
- Department of Semiconductor System Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungah Cho
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangsig Kim
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Semiconductor System Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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2
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Baryshnikova M, Boelen A, Ceccon L, Herreman V, McMitchell SRC, Haffner C, Merckling C. Impact of Cationic Stoichiometry on Physical, Optical and Electrical Properties of SrTiO 3 Thin Films Grown on (001)-Oriented Si Substrates. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:1714. [PMID: 38673072 DOI: 10.3390/ma17081714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we investigate the changes in the crystalline structure of MBE-deposited SrTiO3 layers on Si with different deviations from Sr/Ti stoichiometry as deposited but also after annealing at high temperatures (>600 °C). We show that as-grown 15 nm thick non-stochiometric SrTiO3 layers present surprisingly lower FWHM values of the (002) omega diffraction peak compared to fully stoichiometric layers of similar thickness. This can misleadingly point to superior crystalline quality of such non-stochiometric layers. However, thermal post-deposition anneals of these layers at temperatures up to 850 °C in oxygen show strong detrimental effects on the crystalline structure, surface and interface with the Si (001) substrate. On the contrary, the post-deposition anneals applied to the stoichiometric samples strongly improve the physical, optical and electrical properties of the epitaxial SrTiO3 thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andries Boelen
- Imec, Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luca Ceccon
- Imec, Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vincent Herreman
- Imec, Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Clement Merckling
- Imec, Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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3
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Uc-Canché S, Camacho-Espinosa E, Mis-Fernández R, Loeza-Poot M, Ceh-Cih F, Peña JL. Influence of Sulfurization Time on Sb 2S 3 Synthesis Using a New Graphite Box Design. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:1656. [PMID: 38612169 PMCID: PMC11012254 DOI: 10.3390/ma17071656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, antimony sulfide (Sb2S3) has been investigated as a photovoltaic absorber material due to its suitable absorber coefficient, direct band gap, extinction coefficient, earth-abundant, and environmentally friendly constituents. Therefore, this work proposes Sb2S3 film preparation by an effective two-step process using a new graphite box design and sulfur distribution, which has a high repeatability level and can be scalable. First, an Sb thin film was deposited using the RF-Sputtering technique, and after that, the samples were annealed with elemental sulfur into a graphite box, varying the sulfurization time from 20 to 50 min. The structural, optical, morphological, and chemical characteristics of the resulting thin films were analyzed. Results reveal the method's effectivity and the best properties were obtained for the sample sulfurized during 40 min. This Sb2S3 thin film presents an orthorhombic crystalline structure, elongated grains, a band gap of 1.69 eV, a crystallite size of 15.25 Å, and a nearly stoichiometric composition. In addition, the formation of a p-n junction was achieved by depositing silver back contact on the Glass/FTO/CdS/Sb2S3 structure. Therefore, the graphite box design has been demonstrated to be functional to obtain Sb2S3 by a two-step process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheyda Uc-Canché
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Mérida, Departamento de Física Aplicada, Km. 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso, Mérida 97310, Yucatán, Mexico; (E.C.-E.); (M.L.-P.); (F.C.-C.); (J.L.P.)
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Benkraled L, Zennaki A, Zair L, Arabeche K, Berrayah A, Barrera A, Bouberka Z, Maschke U. Effect of Plasticization/ Annealing on Thermal, Dynamic Mechanical, and Rheological Properties of Poly(Lactic Acid). Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:974. [PMID: 38611232 PMCID: PMC11013295 DOI: 10.3390/polym16070974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the use of low molecular weight poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as a plasticizer for poly(lactic acid) (PLA). PLA/PEG blend films were prepared using the solvent casting method with varying mixing ratios. The films were analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and dynamic rheological analysis. The results indicate that the addition of PEG as a plasticizer affects the thermal and mechanical properties of the PLA/PEG blend films. The study found that the glass transition and cold crystallization temperatures decreased with increasing PEG content up to 20 wt%, while the crystallinity and crystallization rate increased. The blends with up to 20 wt% PEG were miscible, but phase separation occurred when the plasticizer content was increased to 30 wt%. Subsequently, amorphous samples of neat PLA and PLA plasticized with 10 wt% of PEG underwent annealing at various temperatures (Ta = 80-120 °C) for durations ta of 1 and 24 h. The samples were then analyzed using DSC and DMA. The addition of PEG to PLA altered the content of α' and α crystalline forms compared to neat PLA at a given (Ta; ta) and favored the formation of a mixture of α' and α crystals. The crystallinity achieved upon annealing increased with increasing Ta or ta and with the incorporation of PEG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Benkraled
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Macromolécules (LRM), Faculté des Sciences, Université Abou Bekr Belkaïd, BP 119, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria
| | - Assia Zennaki
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Macromolécules (LRM), Faculté des Sciences, Université Abou Bekr Belkaïd, BP 119, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria
| | - Latifa Zair
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Macromolécules (LRM), Faculté des Sciences, Université Abou Bekr Belkaïd, BP 119, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria
| | - Khadidja Arabeche
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Macromolécules (LRM), Faculté des Sciences, Université Abou Bekr Belkaïd, BP 119, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria
| | - Abdelkader Berrayah
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Macromolécules (LRM), Faculté des Sciences, Université Abou Bekr Belkaïd, BP 119, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria
| | - Ana Barrera
- Unité Matériaux et Transformations (UMET), UMR 8207, Université de Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Zohra Bouberka
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimique des Matériaux, Catalyse et Environnement (LPCMCE), Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Mohammed Boudiaf d’Oran (USTO-MB), Oran 31000, Algeria
| | - Ulrich Maschke
- Unité Matériaux et Transformations (UMET), UMR 8207, Université de Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, 59000 Lille, France
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Mandal R, Mandal A, Dutta A, Sivakumar R, Srivastava SK, Som T. Controllable physicochemical properties of WO x thin films grown under glancing angle. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2024; 15:350-359. [PMID: 38590430 PMCID: PMC10999991 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.15.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
In this work, various physicochemical properties are investigated in nanostructured WOx thin films prepared by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering for optoelectronic applications. A glancing angle of 87° is employed to grow films of different thicknesses, which are then exposed to post-growth annealing. Detailed local probe analyses in terms of morphology and work function of WOx films are carried out to investigate thickness-dependent property modulations of the as-deposited and annealed films. The analyses show a reasonably good correlation with photoelectron spectroscopic measurements on the films and the bulk I-V characteristics acquired on a series of WOx/p-Si heterojunction diodes. The presence of a critical WOx thickness is identified to regulate the rectification ratio values at the WOx/p-Si heterostructures and increase in series resistance within the bulk of the films. The present study provides valuable insights to correlate optical, electrical, and structural properties of WOx thin films, which will be beneficial for fabricating WOx-based optoelectronic devices, including photovoltaic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupam Mandal
- SUNAG Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar 751 005, Odisha, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400 094, India
| | - Aparajita Mandal
- SUNAG Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar 751 005, Odisha, India
| | - Alapan Dutta
- SUNAG Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar 751 005, Odisha, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400 094, India
| | | | | | - Tapobrata Som
- SUNAG Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar 751 005, Odisha, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400 094, India
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6
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McDonald C, Taylor D, Linacre A. PCR in Forensic Science: A Critical Review. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:438. [PMID: 38674373 DOI: 10.3390/genes15040438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has played a fundamental role in our understanding of the world, and has applications across a broad range of disciplines. The introduction of PCR into forensic science marked the beginning of a new era of DNA profiling. This era has pushed PCR to its limits and allowed genetic data to be generated from trace DNA. Trace samples contain very small amounts of degraded DNA associated with inhibitory compounds and ions. Despite significant development in the PCR process since it was first introduced, the challenges of profiling inhibited and degraded samples remain. This review examines the evolution of the PCR from its inception in the 1980s, through to its current application in forensic science. The driving factors behind PCR evolution for DNA profiling are discussed along with a critical comparison of cycling conditions used in commercial PCR kits. Newer PCR methods that are currently used in forensic practice and beyond are examined, and possible future directions of PCR for DNA profiling are evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin McDonald
- College of Science & Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Duncan Taylor
- College of Science & Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
- Forensic Science SA, GPO Box 2790, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Adrian Linacre
- College of Science & Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
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Appiah-Ntiamoah R, Kim H. Leveraging Direct Pyrolysis for the Synthesis of 10 nm Monodispersed Fe 3O 4/Fe 3C NPS@Carbon to Improve SupercapacitANCE in Acidic Electrolyte. ChemSusChem 2024:e202400085. [PMID: 38511252 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The prevailing practice advocates pre-oxidation of electrospun Fe-salt/polymer nanofibers (Fe-salt/polymer Nf) before pyrolysis as advantageous in the production of high-performance FeOx@carbon nanofibers supercapacitors (FeOx@C). However, our study systematically challenges this notion by demonstrating that pre-oxidation facilitates the formation of polydispersed and large FeOx nanoparticles (FeOx@CI-DA) through "external" Fe3+ Kirkendall diffusion from carbon, resulting in subpar electrochemical properties. To address this, direct pyrolysis of Fe-salt/polymer Nf is proposed, promoting "internal" Fe3+ Kirkendall diffusion within carbon and providing substantial physical confinement, leading to the formation of monodispersed and small FeOx nanoparticles (FeOx@CDA). In 1 M H2SO4, FeOx@CDA demonstrates ~2.60× and 1.26× faster SO4 2- diffusivity, and electron transfer kinetics, respectively, compared to FeOx@CI-DA, with a correspondingly ~1.50× greater effective surface area. Consequently, FeOx@CDA exhibits a specific capacity of 161.92 mAhg-1, ~2× higher than FeOx@CI-DA, with a rate capability ~19 % greater. Moreover, FeOx@CDA retains 94 % of its capacitance after 5000 GCD cycles, delivering an energy density of 26.68 Whkg-1 in a FeOx@CDA//FeOx@CDA device, rivaling state-of-the-art FeOx/carbon electrodes in less Fe-corrosive electrolytes. However, it is worth noting that the effectiveness of direct pyrolysis is contingent upon hydrated Fe-salt. These findings reveal a straightforward approach to enhancing the supercapacitance of FeOx@C materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Appiah-Ntiamoah
- Department of Energy Science and Technology, Environmental Waste Recycle Institute, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, 17058, Republic of Korea, and
| | - Hern Kim
- Department of Energy Science and Technology, Environmental Waste Recycle Institute, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, 17058, Republic of Korea, and
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Winkler R, Zintler A, Recalde-Benitez O, Jiang T, Nasiou D, Adabifiroozjaei E, Schreyer P, Kim T, Piros E, Kaiser N, Vogel T, Petzold S, Alff L, Molina-Luna L. Texture Transfer in Dielectric Layers via Nanocrystalline Networks: Insights from in Situ 4D-STEM. Nano Lett 2024; 24:2998-3004. [PMID: 38319977 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Transition metal oxide dielectric layers have emerged as promising candidates for various relevant applications, such as supercapacitors or memory applications. However, the performance and reliability of these devices can critically depend on their microstructure, which can be strongly influenced by thermal processing and substrate-induced strain. To gain a more in-depth understanding of the microstructural changes, we conducted in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies of amorphous HfO2 dielectric layers grown on highly textured (111) substrates. Our results indicate that the minimum required phase transition temperature is 180 °C and that the developed crystallinity is affected by texture transfer. Using in situ TEM and 4D-STEM can provide valuable insights into the fundamental mechanisms underlying the microstructural evolution of dielectric layers and could pave the way for the development of more reliable and efficient devices for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Winkler
- Advanced Electron Microscopy Division, Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Alexander Zintler
- Advanced Electron Microscopy Division, Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Oscar Recalde-Benitez
- Advanced Electron Microscopy Division, Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Tianshu Jiang
- Advanced Electron Microscopy Division, Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Déspina Nasiou
- Advanced Electron Microscopy Division, Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Esmaeil Adabifiroozjaei
- Advanced Electron Microscopy Division, Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Philipp Schreyer
- Advanced Thin Film Technology Division, Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Taewook Kim
- Advanced Thin Film Technology Division, Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Eszter Piros
- Advanced Thin Film Technology Division, Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Nico Kaiser
- Advanced Thin Film Technology Division, Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Tobias Vogel
- Advanced Thin Film Technology Division, Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stefan Petzold
- Advanced Thin Film Technology Division, Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Lambert Alff
- Advanced Thin Film Technology Division, Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Leopoldo Molina-Luna
- Advanced Electron Microscopy Division, Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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Song J, Huang L, Yang G, Liu T, Liu S, Cong G, Huang Y, Liu Z, Gao X, Geng L. Regulating Grind-Induced Lattice Distortion for Nickel-Rich Cathodes by Annealing. Small Methods 2024; 8:e2301400. [PMID: 38009762 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The commercialization of high-performance nickel-rich cathodes always awaits a cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and large-scale preparation method. Despite a grinding process normally adopted in the synthesis of the nickel-rich cathodes, lattice distortion, rough surface, and sharp edge transformation inevitably occurr in the resultant samples. In this work, an additional annealing process is proposed that aims at regulating lattice distortion as well as achieving round and smoother morphologies without any structural or elemental modifications. Such a structural enhancement is favored for improved lithium diffusion and electrochemical stability during cycling. Consequently, the annealed cathodes demonstrate a considerable enhancement in capacity retention, escalating from 68.7% to 91.9% after 100 cycles at 1 C. Additionally, the specific capacity is significantly increased from 64 to 142 mAh g-1 at 5 C when compared to the unannealed cathodes. This work offers a straightforward and effective approach for reinforcing the electrochemical properties of nickel-rich cathodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Song
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, BOX 433, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Lujun Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, BOX 433, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
- Stake Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Guobo Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, BOX 433, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Tiefeng Liu
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Shaoshuai Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, BOX 433, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Guanghui Cong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, BOX 433, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Yating Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, BOX 433, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Zheyuan Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, BOX 433, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Center for High Pressure Science & Technology Advanced Research, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Lin Geng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, BOX 433, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
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10
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Ding M, Xie B, Lv M, Lu Z. Effects of O 2/Ar Ratio on Preparation and Dielectric Properties of CaZrO 3 Films by Radio Frequency (RF) Magnetron Sputtering. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:1120. [PMID: 38473591 DOI: 10.3390/ma17051120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
CaZrO3 (CZO) thin films were deposited on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates at 450 °C by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering technology. The microstructures and dielectric properties of CZO thin films were investigated. X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that the perovskite orthogonal CZO phase would be promoted by a higher O2 partial pressure in the flow ratio of O2/Ar after thin films were annealed at 700 °C for 3 h in air. The films prepared under the flow ratio of O2/Ar (20:40, 30:40 and 40:40) show the main perovskite crystal phase of CaZrO3 with a small amount of Ca0.2Zr0.8O1.8. The main crystal phase was Ca0.2Zr0.8O1.8 when the film was deposited under an O2/Ar ratio of 40:10. The annealed film with a 40:40 O2/Ar ratio exhibits a dielectric performance with a high dielectric constant (εr) of 25 at 1 MHz, a temperature coefficient of permittivity of not more than 122.7 ppm/°C from 0 °C to 125 °C, and a low leakage current density of about 2 × 10-7 A/cm2 at 30 V with an ohmic conduction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjian Ding
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Bing Xie
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Ming Lv
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhenya Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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11
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Sundaram R, Nachimuthu R, Sivanandam AK, Natarajan J. Electrochemical and hot corrosion behaviour of steel reinforced with AlSiBeTiV high entropy alloy using friction stir processing. Sci Technol Adv Mater 2024; 25:2320083. [PMID: 38419800 PMCID: PMC10901189 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2024.2320083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
A lightweight AlSiBeTiV high entropy alloy (HEA) powder is synthesized by the ball milling process and is reinforced on SS410 through friction stir processing (FSP). Subsequently, the annealing process is conducted on the processed samples at 450, 600, and 750°C for 120 mins. The grains are refined at 600°C by 23.3% than the processed HEA sample. A higher microhardness of 672 HV is attained on the processed HEA sample annealed at 600°C due to the synergistic effect of FSP and annealing through refined grains. The electrochemical corrosion under a 3.5 wt.% NaCl environment, and the hot corrosion under the salt mixture environments of 75% Na2SO4 +25% NaCl, and 60% Na2SO4 +20% NaCl + 20% V2O5 at 800°C for 50 h are investigated on the processed samples. The microstructure, induced corrosion products, and elemental distribution of the corroded surface of the annealed processed HEA sample are evaluated by morphological analysis. The induced oxidation effect enhances the Cr2O3 and TiO2 films on the corroded surfaces leading to higher corrosion resistance. A high corrosion resistance appears on the annealed processed HEA sample through the formation of a stable passive layer, hindering the pitting corrosion mechanism, grain refinement, and homogeneous distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragunath Sundaram
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore, India
| | - Radhika Nachimuthu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore, India
| | - Aravind Krishna Sivanandam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore, India
| | - Jeyaprakash Natarajan
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
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12
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Zou S, Wang Z, Zeng M, He Z, Chen J. Improving the Storage Stability of Soy Protein Isolate through Annealing. Foods 2024; 13:615. [PMID: 38397593 PMCID: PMC10887740 DOI: 10.3390/foods13040615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of annealing treatment on the stability of soy protein isolate (SPI) during storage. Different SPI samples with varying denaturation levels were subjected to varying annealing temperatures and durations before being stored at 37 °C for 12 weeks to assess their stability. Our findings revealed that annealing at 65 °C for 30 min significantly mitigated protein deterioration, improving the stability of highly denatured proteins during storage. Surface hydrophobicity and endogenous fluorescence analyses indicated that this annealing condition induced protein structure unfolding, an initial increase in SPI hydrophobicity, and a blue shift in the maximum absorption wavelength (λmax). The slowest increase in hydrophobicity occurred during storage, along with a red shift in the maximum absorption wavelength by the 12th week. These results suggest that annealing treatment holds promise for mitigating the issue of reduced SPI stability during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenzhong Zou
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (S.Z.); (Z.W.); (Z.H.)
| | - Zhaojun Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (S.Z.); (Z.W.); (Z.H.)
| | - Maomao Zeng
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (S.Z.); (Z.W.); (Z.H.)
| | - Zhiyong He
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (S.Z.); (Z.W.); (Z.H.)
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (S.Z.); (Z.W.); (Z.H.)
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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13
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Kunyanee K, Van Ngo T, Kusumawardani S, Luangsakul N. Enhancing Banana Flour Quality through Physical Modifications and Its Application in Gluten-Free Chips Product. Foods 2024; 13:593. [PMID: 38397570 PMCID: PMC10887583 DOI: 10.3390/foods13040593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of different single or dual physical treatments, including pre-gelatinization (PBF), annealing (ANN), PBF+ANN, and ANN+PBF, on banana flour's characteristics and its application in gluten-free chip production. The study involved determining the color, swelling capacity, solubility, oil absorption index, and pasting properties of both the native and modified banana flour samples. The results showed a significant change in color, particularly in the pre-gelatinized samples. There was a noticeable decrease in the values of the pasting parameters in the modified samples. PBF samples exhibited a remarkable reduction in the breakdown value compared to the native and ANN treated samples. Furthermore, PBF-treated banana flour displayed higher oil absorption and swelling power than the other samples, along with lower solubility in the PBF-treated sample. These characteristics appear to be responsible for enabling the pre-gelatinized sample to form the dough required for producing banana chips, resulting in distinct texture profiles. Finally, our research emphasizes the useful application of modified banana flour in the food industry and emphasizes how crucial it is to choose the right modification method to achieve the desired effects on the product.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Naphatrapi Luangsakul
- Department of Food Science, School of Food Industry, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand; (K.K.)
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14
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Martin A, Chen J, Du C, Kumar M, Tevis ID, Chang B, Pathak S, Thuo MM. Atomic Reconstruction of Au Thin Films through Interfacial Strains. Nano Lett 2024; 24:1967-1973. [PMID: 38289648 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Interfaces play a critical thermodynamic role in the existence of multilayer systems. Due to their utility in bridging energetic and compositional differences between distinct species, the formation of interfaces inherently creates internal strain in the bulk due to the reorganization needed to accommodate such a change. We report the effect of scaling interfacial stress by deposition of different adlayers on a host thin metal film. Intrinsic property differences between host and deposited metal atoms result in varying degree of composition and energy gradient within the interface. Interfacial stress can increase defects in the host leading to (i) energy dissipation and reorganization to minimize surface energy, and (ii) increased material strength. We infer that dissipation of interfacial stress induces defect migration, hence bulk and surface atomic reconstruction as captured by the surface roughness and grain size reduction coupled with a concomitant increase in material strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Martin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Jiahao Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, 528 Bissell Road, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Chuanshen Du
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, 528 Bissell Road, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, 528 Bissell Road, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Ian D Tevis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, 528 Bissell Road, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Boyce Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, 528 Bissell Road, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Sid Pathak
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, 528 Bissell Road, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Martin M Thuo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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15
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Ochmann M, Machala L, Mašláň M, Heger V, Krátký T. Zinc Ferrite Nanoparticle Coatings on Austenitic Alloy Steel. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:857. [PMID: 38399109 PMCID: PMC10890098 DOI: 10.3390/ma17040857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The phase transition of austenitic stainless steel of commercial label CL20ES and zinc ferrite nanoparticles was studied in an oxidative atmosphere of dry air to develop a low-cost, effective technique for covering-layer fabrication. CL20ES powder and zinc ferrite powder were mechanically mixed. This mixture was studied in an atmosphere of dry air at different annealing temperatures from room temperature to 900 °C. The employed characterization techniques are X-ray powder diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy in the transmission geometry, and scanning electron microscopy with elemental mapping. The fabricated layers were also characterized by surface-specific techniques such as conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy and grazing incidence X-ray powder diffraction. The analyzed powder mixture shows resistance against oxidation in dry air and high temperatures. These results were employed to produce zinc ferrite covering layers on 3D-printed cylinders of CL20ES. The results show a predisposition of zinc ferrite to be recrystallized at temperatures above 350 °C without the production of corrosive substances on steel. The zinc ferrite layers were analyzed by an ultrasonic hardness tester as well, which proved the hardness enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Ochmann
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Machala
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Mašláň
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vítězslav Heger
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Krátký
- Centre of Hydraulic Research, 78349 Lutín, Czech Republic
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16
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Arole K, Micci-Barreca SA, Athavale S, Tajedini M, Raghuvaran G, Lutkenhaus JL, Radovic M, Liang H, Green MJ. Annealing Ti 3C 2T z MXenes to Control Surface Chemistry and Friction. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:6290-6300. [PMID: 38265031 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Although surface terminations (such as ═O, -Cl, -F, and -OH) on MXene nanosheets strongly influence their functional properties, synthesis of MXenes with desired types and distribution of those terminations is still challenging. Here, it is demonstrated that thermal annealing helps in removing much of the terminal groups of molten salt-etched multilayered (ML) Ti3C2Tz. In this study, the chloride terminations of molten salt-etched ML-Ti3C2Tz were removed via thermal annealing at increased temperatures under an inert (argon) atmosphere. This thermal annealing created some bare sites available for further functionalization of Ti3C2Tz. XRD, EDS, and XPS measurements confirm the removal of much of the terminal groups of ML-Ti3C2Tz. Here, the annealed ML-Ti3C2Tz was refunctionalized by -OH groups and 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES), which was confirmed by FTIR. The -OH and APTES surface-modified ML-Ti3C2Tz are evaluated as a solid lubricant, exhibiting ∼70.1 and 66.7% reduction in friction compared to a steel substrate, respectively. This enhanced performance is attributed to the improved interaction or adhesion of functionalized ML-Ti3C2Tz with the substrate material. This approach allows for the effective surface modification of MXenes and control of their functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailash Arole
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Stefano A Micci-Barreca
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Swarnima Athavale
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Mohsen Tajedini
- J. Mike Walker '66 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 778843, United States
| | - Greeshma Raghuvaran
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Jodie L Lutkenhaus
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Miladin Radovic
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Hong Liang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- J. Mike Walker '66 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 778843, United States
| | - Micah J Green
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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17
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Tang N, Jiang Y, Wei K, Zheng Z, Zhang H, Hu J. Evolutionary Reinforcement of Polymer Networks: A Stepwise-Enhanced Strategy for Ultrarobust Eutectogels. Adv Mater 2024; 36:e2309576. [PMID: 37939373 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Gel materials are appealing due to their diverse applications in biomedicine, soft electronics, sensors, and actuators. Nevertheless, the existing synthetic gels are often plagued by feeble network structures and inherent defects associated with solvents, which compromise their mechanical load-bearing capacity and cast persistent doubts about their reliability. Herein, combined with attractive deep eutectic solvent (DES), a stepwise-enhanced strategy is presented to fabricate ultrarobust eutectogels. It focuses on the continuous modulation and optimization of polymer networks through complementary annealing and solvent exchange processes, which drives a progressive increase in both quantity and mass of the interconnected polymer chains at microscopic scale, hence contributing to the evolutionary enhancement of network structure. The resultant eutectogel exhibits superb mechanical properties, including record-breaking strength (31.8 MPa), toughness (76.0 MJ m-3 ), and Young's modulus (25.6 MPa), together with exceptional resistance ability to tear and crack propagation. Moreover, this eutectogel is able to be further programmed through photolithography to in situ create patterned eutectogel for imparting specific functionalities. Enhanced by its broad applicability to various DES combinations, this stepwise-enhanced strategy is poised to serve as a crucial template and methodology for the future development of robust gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Tang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, North Third Ring Road 15, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yujia Jiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, North Third Ring Road 15, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Kailun Wei
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, North Third Ring Road 15, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhiran Zheng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, North Third Ring Road 15, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Shuangqing Road 30, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, North Third Ring Road 15, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
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18
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Lv Y, Song P, Wang Y, Zhao X, Gao W, Zhang J, Lei Y, Chen J. Improving Mechanical Properties of Fe-Mn-Co-Cr High-Entropy Alloy via Annealing after Cold Rolling. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:676. [PMID: 38591560 PMCID: PMC10856761 DOI: 10.3390/ma17030676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The as-cast (Fe50Mn30Co10Cr10)97C2Mo1 HEA (high entropy alloy) was prepared and cold-rolled at 70%. Subsequently, annealing heat treatment at different temperatures (900 °C, 950 °C, 1000 °C) was carried out. The microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of the HEA were systematically investigated. The results showed that the HEA annealed at 900 °C and 950 °C exhibited uneven grain size and rich σ precipitation phase at grain boundaries. The grains began to grow and complete recrystallization, and no σ phases were observed in HEA annealed at 1000 °C, which resulted in a higher tensile strength of ~885 MPa and elongation of ~68% compared with other annealed HEAs. The higher volume fraction of annealing twins with 60°<111> orientation was produced in HEA annealed at 1000 °C, which enhanced the tensile strength and plasticity via the Twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukun Lv
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an Technological University, Xi’an 710021, China; (P.S.); (Y.W.); (W.G.); (J.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Pingtao Song
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an Technological University, Xi’an 710021, China; (P.S.); (Y.W.); (W.G.); (J.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yuzhe Wang
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an Technological University, Xi’an 710021, China; (P.S.); (Y.W.); (W.G.); (J.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xuerou Zhao
- School of Railway Equipment Manufacturing, Shaanxi Railway Institute, Weinan 714099, China;
| | - Wei Gao
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an Technological University, Xi’an 710021, China; (P.S.); (Y.W.); (W.G.); (J.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an Technological University, Xi’an 710021, China; (P.S.); (Y.W.); (W.G.); (J.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yutian Lei
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an Technological University, Xi’an 710021, China; (P.S.); (Y.W.); (W.G.); (J.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jian Chen
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an Technological University, Xi’an 710021, China; (P.S.); (Y.W.); (W.G.); (J.Z.); (Y.L.)
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19
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Liparoti S, Salomone R, Speranza V, Pantani R. Morphology Distribution in Injection Molded Parts. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:337. [PMID: 38337227 DOI: 10.3390/polym16030337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A more sustainable use of plastic parts makes it necessary to replace current plastic parts with recyclable components, also allowing the modulation of the part properties through the process. Injection molding is one of the most widely used technologies for obtaining rigid plastic parts, so it is crucial to understand how to tailor properties by adopting the correct processing conditions. One way is to perform annealing steps directly inside the mold: in-mold annealing improves the structural integrity and durability of the material, reduces defects, increases the resistance of parts against certain chemicals, reduces wear and tear, increases ductility, and lowers brittleness. In this work, several in-mold annealing steps were conducted, changing the mold temperature and annealing duration selected on the basis of the half crystallization time of the adopted isotactic polypropylene. The typical molded part morphology, composed of oriented layers at the surface, transition zones, and spherulitic core, is strongly affected by in-mold annealing. In particular, the thickness of the oriented layer, which forms in the early phase of the process, decreases, and the spherulites increase in size. Concerning mechanical behavior, the orientation degree mostly determines the elastic modulus value close to the surface, whereas the conditions under which crystallization occurs determine the modulus in the core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Liparoti
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Rita Salomone
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Vito Speranza
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Roberto Pantani
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
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20
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Yuan L, Shi Z, Wan Y, Zhang J, Liu X. Galvanic stabilization of Zn metals for long-life aqueous batteries. J Phys Condens Matter 2024; 36:165001. [PMID: 38190750 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad1bfa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Rechargeable aqueous Zn-ion batteries have received extensive attention due to their environmental friendliness, high safety, and low cost. However, the Zn dendrite growth during plating/stripping cycles, which deteriorates coulombic efficiency and shortens the cycle life, dramatically hinders the application of Zn anodes in batteries. Herein, we propose to grow an In layer on Zn foils through spontaneous Galvanic reaction to address the challenging Zn dendrites.In-situoptical observations show that this strategy effectively suppresses the dendrite growth, thereby leading to a robust and stable Zn metal anode with low voltage hysteresis (30 mV at 0.4 mA·cm-2) and long cycle life of over 1200 h in symmetric cells. Meanwhile, the full cell assembled with the modified Zn anode and MnO2cathode exhibits excellent cycling performance over 2000 cycles and a high discharge capacity of 89.1 mAh·g-1. This work provides an efficient pathway for interfacial engineering towards stable Zn anodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhua Yuan
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziying Shi
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Wan
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianghong Liu
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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21
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Köster J, Kretschmer S, Storm A, Rasper F, Kinyanjui MK, Krasheninnikov AV, Kaiser U. Phase transformations in single-layer MoTe 2stimulated by electron irradiation and annealing. Nanotechnology 2024; 35:145301. [PMID: 38096582 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad15bb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Among two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), MoTe2is predestined for phase-engineering applications due to the small difference in free energy between the semiconducting H-phase and metallic 1T'-phase. At the same time, the complete picture of the phase evolution originating from point defects in single-layer of semiconducting H-MoTe2via Mo6Te6nanowires to cubic molybdenum has not yet been reported so far, and it is the topic of the present study. The occurring phase transformations in single-layer H-MoTe2were initiated by 40-80 kV electrons in the spherical and chromatic aberration-corrected high-resolution transmission electron microscope and/or when subjected to high temperatures. We analyse the damage cross-section at voltages between 40 kV and 80 kV and relate the results to previously published values for other TMDs. Then we demonstrate that electron beam irradiation offers a route to locally transform freestanding single-layer H-MoTe2into one-dimensional (1D) Mo6Te6nanowires. Combining the experimental data with the results of first-principles calculations, we explain the transformations in MoTe2single-layers and Mo6Te6nanowires by an interplay of electron-beam-induced energy transfer, atom ejection, and oxygen absorption. Further, the effects emerging from electron irradiation are compared with those produced byin situannealing in a vacuum until pure molybdenum crystals are obtained at temperatures of about 1000 °C. A detailed understanding of high-temperature solid-to-solid phase transformation in the 2D limit can provide insights into the applicability of this material for future device fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janis Köster
- Electron Microscopy Group of Materials Science, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Silvan Kretschmer
- Institut of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, D-01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander Storm
- Electron Microscopy Group of Materials Science, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Fabian Rasper
- Electron Microscopy Group of Materials Science, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael K Kinyanjui
- Electron Microscopy Group of Materials Science, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Arkady V Krasheninnikov
- Institut of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, D-01328 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, PO Box 14100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Ute Kaiser
- Electron Microscopy Group of Materials Science, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
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22
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Masłowska A, Kochanowska DM, Sulich A, Domagala JZ, Dopierała M, Kochański M, Szot M, Chromiński W, Mycielski A. Bridgman-Grown (Cd,Mn)Te and (Cd,Mn)(Te,Se): A Comparison of Suitability for X and Gamma Detectors. Sensors (Basel) 2024; 24:345. [PMID: 38257444 PMCID: PMC10819988 DOI: 10.3390/s24020345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
This study explores the suitability of (Cd,Mn)Te and (Cd,Mn)(Te,Se) as room-temperature X-ray and gamma-ray detector materials, grown using the Bridgman method. The investigation compares their crystal structure, mechanical and optical properties, and radiation detection capabilities. Both crystals can yield large-area single crystal samples measuring approximately 30 × 30 mm2. In low-temperature photoluminescence analysis, both materials showed defect states, and annealing in cadmium vapors effectively eliminated donor-acceptor pair luminescence in (Cd,Mn)Te but not in (Cd,Mn)(Te,Se). Moreover, harder (Cd,Mn)(Te,Se) exhibited a higher etch pit density compared to softer (Cd,Mn)Te. X-ray diffraction examination revealed uniform lattice constant distribution in both compounds, with variations at a part per million level. (Cd,Mn)Te crystals demonstrated excellent single crystal properties with narrower omega scan widths, while (Cd,Mn)(Te,Se) exhibited a high contribution of block-like structures with significantly larger misorientation angles. Spectroscopic evaluations revealed better performance of a pixelated (Cd,Mn)Te detector, in comparison to (Cd,Mn)(Te,Se), achieving a mean full width at half maximum of 14% for the 122 keV gamma peak of Co-57. The reduced performance of the (Cd,Mn)(Te,Se) detector may be attributed to deep trap-related luminescence or block-like structures with larger misorientation angles. In conclusion, Bridgman-grown (Cd,Mn)Te emerges as a more promising material for X-ray and gamma-ray detectors when compared to (Cd,Mn)(Te,Se).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Masłowska
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Aleja Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland; (D.M.K.); (A.S.); (J.Z.D.); (M.D.); (M.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Dominika M. Kochanowska
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Aleja Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland; (D.M.K.); (A.S.); (J.Z.D.); (M.D.); (M.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Adrian Sulich
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Aleja Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland; (D.M.K.); (A.S.); (J.Z.D.); (M.D.); (M.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Jaroslaw Z. Domagala
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Aleja Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland; (D.M.K.); (A.S.); (J.Z.D.); (M.D.); (M.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Marcin Dopierała
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Aleja Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland; (D.M.K.); (A.S.); (J.Z.D.); (M.D.); (M.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Michał Kochański
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Aleja Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland; (D.M.K.); (A.S.); (J.Z.D.); (M.D.); (M.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Michał Szot
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Aleja Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland; (D.M.K.); (A.S.); (J.Z.D.); (M.D.); (M.K.); (M.S.)
- International Research Centre MagTop, Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Aleja Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Witold Chromiński
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Mycielski
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Aleja Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland; (D.M.K.); (A.S.); (J.Z.D.); (M.D.); (M.K.); (M.S.)
- Puremat Technologies Sp. z o.o., Aleja Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
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23
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Chen X, Li H, Tian Z, Zhu Y, Su L. Study of resistive switching behavior in HfO 2nanocrystals synthesized via a low temperature hydrothermal method. Nanotechnology 2024; 35:125203. [PMID: 38081066 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad143e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The resistive switching property in HfO2have attracted increasing interest in recent years. In this work, amorphous HfO2nanocrystals are synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method. Then, the as-synthesized nanocrystals are rapid thermal annealed in different atmospheres for improving the crystal quality, and monoclinic phase is determined as the main crystal structure of the annealed HfO2. Subsequently, metal-insulator-metal structure devices based on HfO2samples are fabricated. Electrical measurement indicates that 700 °C annealing processes in Air and Ar environments can slightly improve the bipolar resistive switching and retention behaviors. Higher annealed temperature (900 °C) will further improve the crystal quality of HfO2, while the resistive switching and retention behaviors of the devices continuously attenuate, which can be ascribed to the reduction of the conductive filaments induced by defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhang Chen
- School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Li
- School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaobo Tian
- School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Zhu
- School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Integrated Circuits for Next-Generation Communications, Ministry of Education, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Longxing Su
- School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
- International School of Microelectronics, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, People's Republic of China
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24
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Wan H, Wu B, Hou L, Wu P. Amphibious Polymer Materials with High Strength and Superb Toughness in Various Aquatic and Atmospheric Environments. Adv Mater 2024; 36:e2307290. [PMID: 37683287 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the fabrication of amphibious polymer materials with outstanding mechanical performances, both underwater and in the air is reported. A polyvinyl alcohol/poly(2-methoxyethylacrylate) (PVA/PMEA) composite with multiscale nanostructures is prepared by combining solvent exchange and thermal annealing strategies, which contributes to nanophase separation with rigid PVA-rich and soft PMEA-rich phases and high-density crystalline domains of PVA chains, respectively. Benefiting from the multiscale nanostructure, the PVA/PMEA hydrogel demonstrates excellent stability in harsh (such as acidic, alkaline, and saline) aqueous solutions, as well as superior mechanical behavior with a breaking strength of up to 34.8 MPa and toughness of up to 214.2 MJ m-3 . Dehydrating the PVA/PMEA hydrogel results in an extremely robust plastic with a breaking strength of 65.4 MPa and toughness of 430.9 MJ m-3 . This study provides a promising phase-structure engineering route for constructing high-performance polymer materials for complex load-bearing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Wan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Baohu Wu
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Lichtenbergstr. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Lei Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Peiyi Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
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25
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Wang X, Miao Z, Gong W, Lu G, Sun J, Wang Y, Xie G. Enhanced Toughness and Ductility of Friction Stir Welded SA516 Gr.70 Steel Joint via Post-Welding Annealing. Materials (Basel) 2023; 17:116. [PMID: 38203970 PMCID: PMC10779543 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The SA516 Gr.70 steel possessing excellent toughness and plasticity has been widely used in the cryogenic field. However, the appearance of coarse bainite in the heat affected zone (HAZ) of the fusion welded joint deteriorates the toughness and ductility. In this work, 4.5 mm thick SA516 Gr.70 steel was joined using shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) and friction stir welding (FSW), respectively, and the microstructure and mechanical properties of joints were investigated in detail. The Charpy energy in the HAZ in the FSW joint was 80 J/cm2, which was higher than that of the HAZ in the SMAW joint (60 J/cm2) and due to microstructure refinement. In addition, the total elongation (TE) of the SMAW joint was 17.5%, which was higher than that of the FSW joint (12.1%) and caused by a wider nugget zone with high hardness. The post-welding annealing was used to improve the toughness and ductility of the SMAW and FSW joints, and the microstructure and mechanical properties of the joints after annealing were analyzed. The toughness in the HAZ of the SMAW and FSW joints were 80 and 103 J/cm2, and the TE of the SMAW and FSW joints were 18.6% and 25.2%, respectively. Finally, the as-annealed FSW joints exhibited excellent toughness and ductility. The abovementioned excellent mechanical properties were primarily attributed to the appearance of tempering martensite, decrease in dislocation density, and fine grain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuying Wang
- Institute of Materials and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China;
- The Challenge Petrochemical Machinery Corporation of Maoming (CPM), Maoming 525024, China
| | - Ziqi Miao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China; (Z.M.); (W.G.)
| | - Wenbiao Gong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China; (Z.M.); (W.G.)
| | - Guipeng Lu
- FAW Tooling Die Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Changchun 130013, China;
| | - Juncai Sun
- Institute of Materials and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China;
| | - Yuqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rolling and Automation, Northeastern University, No. 3 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110819, China;
| | - Guangming Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Rolling and Automation, Northeastern University, No. 3 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110819, China;
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26
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Dong W, Li X, Lu S, Li J, Wang Y, Zhong M, Dong X, Xu Z, Shen Q, Gao S, Wu K, Peng LM, Hou S, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Wang Y. Unzipping Carbon Nanotubes to Sub-5-nm Graphene Nanoribbons on Cu(111) by Surface Catalysis. Small 2023:e2308430. [PMID: 38126626 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are promising in nanoelectronics for their quasi-1D structures with tunable bandgaps. The methods for controllable fabrication of high-quality GNRs are still limited. Here a way to generate sub-5-nm GNRs by annealing single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) on Cu(111) is demonstrated. The structural evolution process is characterized by low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy. Substrate-dependent measurements on Au(111) and Ru(0001) reveal that the intermediate strong SWCNT-surface interaction plays a pivotal role in the formation of GNRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Dong
- Center for Carbon-based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xin Li
- Center for Carbon-based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shuai Lu
- Center for Carbon-based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jie Li
- Center for Carbon-based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yansong Wang
- Center for Carbon-based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Mingjun Zhong
- Center for Carbon-based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xu Dong
- Institute of Spin Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511442, China
| | - Zhen Xu
- Institute of Spin Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511442, China
| | - Qian Shen
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Song Gao
- Institute of Spin Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511442, China
| | - Kai Wu
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Lian-Mao Peng
- Center for Carbon-based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shimin Hou
- Center for Carbon-based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Center for Carbon-based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yajie Zhang
- Center for Carbon-based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yongfeng Wang
- Center for Carbon-based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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27
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Ganapathy SB, Sakthivel AR, Kandasamy J, Khan T, Aloufi M. Optimization of Printing Process Variables and the Effect of Post-Heat Treatments on the Mechanical Properties of Extruded Polylactic Acid-Aluminum Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4698. [PMID: 38139952 PMCID: PMC10747175 DOI: 10.3390/polym15244698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymer extrusions are employed in the fabrication of crucial parts for automotive, aerospace, and other mechanical applications. The use of fillers and microfibers is contributing to the advancement of material extrusion polymers. In order to enhance their mechanical characteristics, printed materials undergo a post-heating process utilizing microwaves. Specimens were fabricated using polylactic acid filaments containing 2 wt% aluminum. Two sets of specimens were fabricated and subjected to testing in order to evaluate the features of extruded specimens and specimens that underwent post-heating. In terms of mechanical performance, specimens subjected to post-heating exhibited superior results compared to specimens merely subjected to extrusion. The tensile, flexural, and Shore D hardness properties of the specimens exhibited improvements of 5.07, 6.16, and 1.32%, respectively, after being subjected to heating. Furthermore, the wear rate decreased by 13.58 percent. The results of the regression analysis indicate that the print angle and the air gap exhibit the greatest influence on the observed responses. The validation test outcomes exhibit a high level of concordance with the predicted findings. The mechanical and surface properties of components extruded with filler-added material are enhanced by subsequent heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakthi Balan Ganapathy
- Department of Manufacturing Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering (SMEC), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India; (S.B.G.); (J.K.)
| | - Aravind Raj Sakthivel
- Department of Manufacturing Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering (SMEC), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India; (S.B.G.); (J.K.)
| | - Jayakrishna Kandasamy
- Department of Manufacturing Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering (SMEC), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India; (S.B.G.); (J.K.)
| | - Tabrej Khan
- Engineering Management Department, College of Engineering, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh P.O. Box 66833, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mansour Aloufi
- Engineering Management Department, College of Engineering, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh P.O. Box 66833, Saudi Arabia;
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28
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Gopi UV, Reddi US, Karthik M, Smaran KS. Controlling phase transformation of La/Ni oxides by switching annealing conditions and their resultant pseudocapacitive behaviour. Nanotechnology 2023. [PMID: 37995366 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad0f54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Annealing step is a critical step in the hydrothermal assisted synthesis of La/Ni oxides such as LaNiO3-δ (LNOA) and La2NiO4+δ (LNON). In the current study, we have discovered the interlink between the atmosphere and temperature conditions which dictate the product formed. La/Ninitrate precursors were subjected to a hydrothermal synthesis followed by an annealing step at appropriate temperature and varying atmosphere resulting in the synthesis of the corresponding oxides. The annealing temperature was varied in the range between 650 - 800 oC and also the annealing was carried out either in pure N2 atmosphere or air. From the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, it was inferred that annealing in air invariably resulted in the rhombohedral LaNiO3 (LNOA) perovskite phase, while annealing in N2 atmosphere resulted in a orthorhombic Ruddlesden-Popper phase La2NiO4 (LNON), a layered oxide containing traces of NiO phase. Typically, iodometric titrations substantiate the presence of Ni(III) which further can be correlated to the presence of oxygen vacancies (δ).. Iodometric test results demarcated the difference between the two phases with absolutely minimal I2 liberated from the LNON samples proving that negligible amount of Ni(III) was present in LNON Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed an agglomeration of particles annealed at higher temperatures irrespective of the atmosphere. Temperature dependent oxygen non-stoichiometry (Δδ) was analyzed through thermogravimetric analysis, wherein Δδ was inversely proportional to the annealing temperature for all of the LNOA samples. Considering that large δ values favor pseudocapacitive behaviour, it was observed LNOA oxides showed excellent pseudocapacitive behaviour compared to the LNON oxides. Dunn deconvolution of the cyclic voltammograms of LNOA 800 oC at 5mVs-1 indicated that diffusive contribution (66%) was predominant over capacitive contributions. The LNOA sample annealed at 800 oC displayed the highest specific capacitance of 100.3 F/g at 1 A/g current density. It also displayed a coulombic efficiency of 98.68% and capacitance retention of 63.35% even after 5000 cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Undavalli Venkata Gopi
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam Campus, Prasanthi Nilayam, 515134, INDIA
| | - Uday Sai Reddi
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam Campus, Prasanthi Nilayam, 515134, INDIA
| | - M Karthik
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam Campus, Prasanthi Nilayam, 515134, INDIA
| | - Kumar Sai Smaran
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Brindavan Campus, Kadugodi, Bengaluru , Karnataka, 560067, INDIA
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29
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Alexander E, Ceresa L, Pham D, Gryczynski Z, Gryczynski I. Effect of annealing on the room temperature luminescence of coumarin 106 in PVA films. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2023; 12:015005. [PMID: 37879322 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/ad06dc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
We studied the effect of annealing on the luminescence of Coumarin 106 (C106) in poly (vinyl alcohol) films (PVA films). The samples and reference polymer films were treated at temperatures between 100 °C and 150 °C (212 F and 302 F) for various times. After cooling and smoothing, the samples and references were measured at room temperature. We observed that the PVA polymer (reference films) changes its optical properties with annealing at higher temperatures, affecting the baselines in absorption and the backgrounds in emission measurements. This requires precise background subtractions and control of the signal-to-noise ratio. Whereas the fluorescence intensity of C106 in PVA films modestly decreases with annealing, the phosphorescence depends dramatically and progressively increases by many folds. The fluorescence quantum yields and lifetimes decrease with the annealing, which suggests an increase in the non-radiative processes in the singlet excited state S1. The increase in the phosphorescence intensities results from increased intersystem crossing (ISC), which also decreases fluorescence. We also studied the effect of annealing on phosphorescence with the directly excited triplet state of C106. In this case, two processes are affected by annealing, S0→T1absorption and T1→S0phosphorescence. The long-wavelength excitation (475 nm) avoids PVA polymer excitation. The phosphorescence lifetime decreases with annealing while the phosphorescence intensity increases. These changes suggest that the radiative rate of T1→ S0increases with annealing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Alexander
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, 76129, United States of America
| | - Luca Ceresa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, 76129, United States of America
| | - Danh Pham
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, 76129, United States of America
| | - Zygmunt Gryczynski
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, 76129, United States of America
| | - Ignacy Gryczynski
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, 76129, United States of America
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30
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Usseinov AB, Karipbayev ZT, Purans J, Kakimov AB, Bakytkyzy A, Zhunusbekov AM, Koketai TA, Kozlovskyi AL, Suchikova Y, Popov AI. Study of β-Ga 2O 3 Ceramics Synthesized under Powerful Electron Beam. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:6997. [PMID: 37959594 PMCID: PMC10650939 DOI: 10.3390/ma16216997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of β-Ga2O3 ceramic was achieved using high-energy electron beams for the first time. The irradiation of gallium oxide powder in a copper crucible using a 1.4 MeV electron beam resulted in a monolithic ceramic structure, eliminating powder particles and imperfections. The synthesized β-Ga2O3 ceramic exhibited a close-to-ideal composition of O/Ga in a 3:2 ratio. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed a monoclinic structure (space group C2/m) that matched the reference diagram before and after annealing. Photoluminescence spectra revealed multiple luminescence peaks at blue (~2.7 eV) and UV (3.3, 3.4, 3.8 eV) wavelengths for the synthesized ceramic and commercial crystals. Raman spectroscopy confirmed the bonding modes in the synthesized ceramic. The electron beam-assisted method offers a rapid and cost-effective approach for β-Ga2O3 ceramic production without requiring additional equipment or complex manipulations. This method holds promise for fabricating refractory ceramics with high melting points, both doped and undoped.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abay B. Usseinov
- Faculty of Physics and Technical Sciences, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010008, Kazakhstan; (A.B.U.); (A.B.K.); (A.B.); (A.M.Z.); (A.L.K.)
| | - Zhakyp T. Karipbayev
- Faculty of Physics and Technical Sciences, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010008, Kazakhstan; (A.B.U.); (A.B.K.); (A.B.); (A.M.Z.); (A.L.K.)
| | - Juris Purans
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, 8 Kengaraga Str., Lv-1063 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Askhat B. Kakimov
- Faculty of Physics and Technical Sciences, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010008, Kazakhstan; (A.B.U.); (A.B.K.); (A.B.); (A.M.Z.); (A.L.K.)
| | - Aizat Bakytkyzy
- Faculty of Physics and Technical Sciences, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010008, Kazakhstan; (A.B.U.); (A.B.K.); (A.B.); (A.M.Z.); (A.L.K.)
| | - Amangeldy M. Zhunusbekov
- Faculty of Physics and Technical Sciences, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010008, Kazakhstan; (A.B.U.); (A.B.K.); (A.B.); (A.M.Z.); (A.L.K.)
| | - Temirgali A. Koketai
- Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, Karaganda Buketov University, Karaganda 100028, Kazakhstan;
| | - Artem L. Kozlovskyi
- Faculty of Physics and Technical Sciences, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010008, Kazakhstan; (A.B.U.); (A.B.K.); (A.B.); (A.M.Z.); (A.L.K.)
| | - Yana Suchikova
- The Department of Physics and Methods of Teaching Physics, Berdyansk State Pedagogical University, 71100 Berdyansk, Ukraine;
| | - Anatoli I. Popov
- Faculty of Physics and Technical Sciences, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010008, Kazakhstan; (A.B.U.); (A.B.K.); (A.B.); (A.M.Z.); (A.L.K.)
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, 8 Kengaraga Str., Lv-1063 Riga, Latvia;
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31
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Chen Y, Hao Z, Li Y, Liu C, Liu Y, Luo Z, Ao S. Enhancing Mechanical Properties: Exploring the Effect of Annealing Temperature on Wire Arc Additively Manufactured High-Strength Steel. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:6969. [PMID: 37959566 PMCID: PMC10648907 DOI: 10.3390/ma16216969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the mechanical properties of exceptionally high-strength steel produced by wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM), using the 304 stainless steel wire and the low carbon wire (LCS). The study found that annealing treatment can enhance the steel's mechanical properties. The microstructure in the LCS layer changed from ferrite to bainite and then to a mixture of austenite, pearlite, and bainite with increasing annealing temperature. In contrast, the SS layer retained its martensitic structure, albeit with altered lath sizes. The annealing treatment also improved the orientation of the grains in the steel. The optimal annealing temperature observed for the steel was 900 ℃, which resulted in a maximum tensile strength of 1176 MPa along the Y direction and 1255 MPa along the Z direction. Despite the superior mechanical properties, the LCS layer still exhibited failure during tensile testing due to its lower hardness. The study suggests that annealing treatment can be a useful technique for enhancing the mechanical properties of high-strength steel in WAAM applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Y.C.); (Z.H.); (Z.L.); (S.A.)
| | - Zhizhuang Hao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Y.C.); (Z.H.); (Z.L.); (S.A.)
| | - Yang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Y.C.); (Z.H.); (Z.L.); (S.A.)
| | - Chao Liu
- College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yongkang Liu
- Beijing Power Machinery Research Institute, Beijing 100074, China;
| | - Zhen Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Y.C.); (Z.H.); (Z.L.); (S.A.)
| | - Sansan Ao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Y.C.); (Z.H.); (Z.L.); (S.A.)
- China Engineering Construction Welding Association, Beijing 100082, China
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32
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Yaisun S, Trongsatitkul T. PLA-Based Hybrid Biocomposites: Effects of Fiber Type, Fiber Content, and Annealing on Thermal and Mechanical Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4106. [PMID: 37896350 PMCID: PMC10610468 DOI: 10.3390/polym15204106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we utilized a hybridization approach for two different fibers to overcome the drawbacks of single-fiber-reinforced PLA composites. Coir fiber and bamboo leaf fiber were used as reinforcing natural fibers as their properties complement one another. Additionally, we combined thermal annealing with hybridization techniques to further improve the overall properties of the composites. The results showed that the hybridization of BF: CF with a ratio of 1:2 gave PLA-based hybrid composites optimal mechanical and thermal properties. Furthermore, the improvement in the thermal stability of hybrid composites, attributable to an increase in crystallinity, was a result of thermal annealing. The improvement in HDT in annealed 1BF:2CF hybrid composite was about 13.76% higher than that of the neat PLA. Annealing of the composites led to increased crystallinity, which was confirmed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The synergistic effect of hybridization and annealing, leading to the improvement in the thermal properties, opened up the possibilities for the use of PLA-based composites. In this study, we demonstrated that a combined technique can be utilized as a strategy for improving the properties of 100% biocomposites and help overcome some limitations of the use of PLA in many applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supitcha Yaisun
- School of Polymer Engineering, Institute of Engineering, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand;
- Center for Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Tatiya Trongsatitkul
- School of Polymer Engineering, Institute of Engineering, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand;
- Center for Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Research Center for Biocomposite Materials for Medical Industry and Agricultural and Food Industry, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
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Wang LW, Chu SY. Effects of Post- Annealing on the Properties of ZnO:Ga Films with High Transparency (94%) and Low Sheet Resistance (29 Ω/square). Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:6463. [PMID: 37834601 PMCID: PMC10573347 DOI: 10.3390/ma16196463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
This study presents gallium-doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Ga, GZO) thin films. GZO thin films with both high transparency and low sheet resistance were prepared by RF sputtering and then post-annealed under nitrogen and hydrogen forming gas. With post-annealing at 450 °C, the proposed films with a film thickness of 100 nm showed high transparency (94%), while the sheet resistance of the films was reduced to 29 Ω/square, which was comparable with the performances of commercial indium tin oxide (ITO) samples. Post-annealing under nitrogen and hydrogen forming gas enhanced the films' conductivity while altering the thin-film composition and crystallinity. Nitrogen gas played a role in improving the crystallinity while maintaining the oxygen vacancy of the proposed films, whereas hydrogen did not dope into the thin film, thus maintaining its transparency. Furthermore, hydrogen lowered the resistance of GZO thin films during the annealing process. Then, the detailed mechanisms were discussed. Hydrogen post-annealing helped in the removal of oxygen, therefore increasing the Ga3+ content, which provided extra electrons to lower the resistivity of the films. After the preferable nitrogen/hydrogen forming gas treatment, our proposed films maintained high transparency and low sheet resistance, thus being highly useful for further opto-electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sheng-Yuan Chu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 700, Taiwan;
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Chung JC, Lai LS. Effects of Continuous and Cycled Annealing on the Physicochemical Properties and Digestibility of Water Caltrop Starch. Foods 2023; 12:3551. [PMID: 37835205 PMCID: PMC10572123 DOI: 10.3390/foods12193551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of treatment time of continuous annealing (ANN) and cycle numbers of cycled ANN on the structural, physicochemical, and digestive properties of water caltrop starch were studied under 70% moisture at 65 °C. It was found that continuous and cycled ANN have no significant effects on the morphology of starch granules. However, the relative crystallinity and content of resistant starch increased pronouncedly, possibly due to crystalline perfection, which also led to the rise in gelatinization temperature and the narrowed gelatinization temperature range of starch. The treatment time in continuous ANN generally showed a pronounced effect on the rheological properties of water caltrop starch. During pasting, the breakdown viscosity and setback viscosity of all treatment decreased, implying that ANN modified starch was less susceptible to the condition in heating and continuous shearing, and less likely to cause short-term retrogradation. In contrast, peak viscosity decreased with increasing treatment time of continuous ANN, indicating crystalline perfection restricted the swelling of starch granules and viscosity development during pasting process, which was consistent with the results of steady and dynamic rheological evaluation. All ANN-modified samples showed pseudoplastic behavior with weak gel viscoelastic characteristic. Under a total annealing time of 96 h, the pasting and rheological properties of water caltrop starch were essentially less affected by annealing cycle numbers. However, multistage ANN showed stronger resistance to enzyme hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lih-Shiuh Lai
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan;
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Zisopol DG, Tănase M, Portoacă AI. Innovative Strategies for Technical-Economical Optimization of FDM Production. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3787. [PMID: 37765640 PMCID: PMC10537062 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This article introduces a multi-objective optimization approach for determining the best 3D printing parameters (layer thickness and infill percentage) to efficiently produce PLA and ABS parts, extensively analyzing mechanical behavior under tests for different traits such as tensile strength, compression, flexural, impact, and hardness. The value analysis method is used to optimize settings that balance use value (Vi- represented by mechanical characteristics) and production cost (Cp). Findings reveal that the infill percentage significantly influences the Vi/Cp ratio for tensile, compression, and hardness tests, while flexural tests are influenced by layer thickness. Impact strength is influenced nearly equally by both factors, with material-specific variations. The desirability function proved useful for optimizing processes with multiple responses, identifying the optimal parameters for the FDM process: a layer thickness of 0.15 mm with 100% infill percentage for PLA, a layer thickness of 0.20 mm with 100% infill percentage for annealed PLA, and a layer thickness of 0.15 mm with 100% infill percentage for ABS. Overall, this study guides efficient 3D printing parameter selection through a technical-economic optimization based on value analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragoș Gabriel Zisopol
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Petroleum-Gas University of Ploiești, 100680 Ploiesti, Romania
| | - Maria Tănase
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Petroleum-Gas University of Ploiești, 100680 Ploiesti, Romania
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Liu C, Steppert AK, Liu Y, Weis P, Hu J, Nie C, Xu WC, Kuehne AJC, Wu S. A Photopatternable Conjugated Polymer with Thermal- Annealing-Promoted Interchain Stacking for Highly Stable Anti-Counterfeiting Materials. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2303120. [PMID: 37257837 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Photoresponsive polymers can be conveniently used to fabricate anti-counterfeiting materials through photopatterning. However, an unsolved problem is that ambient light and heat can damage anti-counterfeiting patterns on photoresponsive polymers. Herein, photo- and thermostable anti-counterfeiting materials are developed by photopatterning and thermal annealing of a photoresponsive conjugated polymer (MC-Azo). MC-Azo contains alternating azobenzene and fluorene units in the polymer backbone. To prepare an anti-counterfeiting material, an MC-Azo film is irradiated with polarized blue light through a photomask, and then thermally annealed under the pressure of a photonic stamp. This strategy generates a highly secure anti-counterfeiting material with dual patterns, which is stable to sunlight and heat over 200 °C. A key for the stability is that thermal annealing promotes interchain stacking, which converts photoresponsive MC-Azo to a photostable material. Another key for the stability is that the conjugated structure endows MC-Azo with desirable thermal properties. This study shows that the design of photopatternable conjugated polymers with thermal-annealing-promoted interchain stacking provides a new strategy for the development of highly stable and secure anti-counterfeiting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengwei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Anhui Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Ann-Kathrin Steppert
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Yazhi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Anhui Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Philipp Weis
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jianyu Hu
- Department of Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Chen Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Anhui Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Wen-Cong Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Anhui Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Alexander J C Kuehne
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Si Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Anhui Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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Thielen B, Meng E. Characterization of thin film Parylene C device curvature and the formation of helices via thermoforming. J Micromech Microeng 2023; 33:095007. [PMID: 37520061 PMCID: PMC10373221 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6439/acdc33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
In microfabricated biomedical devices, flexible, polymer substrates are becoming increasingly preferred over rigid, silicon substrates because of their ability to conform to biological tissue. Such devices, however, are fabricated in a planar configuration, which results in planar devices that do not closely match the shape of most tissues. Thermoforming, a process which can reshape thermoplastic polymers, can be used to transform flat, thin film, polymer devices with patterned metal features into complex three-dimensional (3D) geometries. This process extends the use of planar microfabrication to achieve 3D shapes which can more closely interface with the body. Common shapes include spheres, which can conform to the shape of the retina; cones, which can be used as a sheath to interface with an insertion stylet; and helices, which can be wrapped around nerves, blood vessels, muscle fibers, or be used as strain relief feature. This work characterizes the curvature of thin film Parylene C devices with patterned metal features built with varying Parylene thicknesses and processing conditions. Device curvature is caused by film stress in each Parylene and metal layer, which is characterized experimentally and by a mathematical model which estimates the effects of device geometry and processing on curvature. Using this characterization, an optimized process to thermoform thin film Parylene C devices with patterned metal features into 0.25 mm diameter helices while preventing cracking in the polymer and metal was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna Thielen
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Ellis Meng
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
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Qu H, Huang W, Lin Z, Cheng X, Min R, Teng C, Caucheteur C, Hu X. Influence of Annealing on Polymer Optical Fiber Bragg Grating Inscription, Stability and Sensing: A Review. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:7578. [PMID: 37688031 PMCID: PMC10490614 DOI: 10.3390/s23177578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews recent research progress on the annealing effects on polymer optical fibers (POFs), which are of great importance for inscription, stability and sensing applications of fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) in POFs due to their unique properties related to polymer molecular chains. In this review, the principle of annealing to reduce frozen-in stress in POFs drawing and different annealing timings are firstly summarized. Then, the annealing methods for POFs are introduced under several different conditions (temperature, humidity, strain, stress and solution). Afterwards, the principle of FBGs and several inscription techniques are reported. Subsequently, the annealing effects on the properties of POFs and polymer optical fiber Bragg gratings (POFBGs) quality are discussed. Finally, the influence of annealing on POFBG sensitivity is summarized. Overall, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of annealing techniques and their impact on both POFs and POFBGs. We hope that it will highlight the important progress made in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Qu
- Research Center for Advanced Optics and Photoelectronics, Department of Physics, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (H.Q.); (W.H.); (Z.L.)
| | - Weiyuan Huang
- Research Center for Advanced Optics and Photoelectronics, Department of Physics, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (H.Q.); (W.H.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhoupeng Lin
- Research Center for Advanced Optics and Photoelectronics, Department of Physics, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (H.Q.); (W.H.); (Z.L.)
| | - Xin Cheng
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Photonics Research Centre, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 997700, China;
| | - Rui Min
- Center for Cognition and Neuroergonomics, State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China;
| | - Chuanxin Teng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China;
| | - Christophe Caucheteur
- Department of Electromagnetism and Telecommunication, University of Mons, Boulevard Dolez 31, 7000 Mons, Belgium;
| | - Xuehao Hu
- Department of Electromagnetism and Telecommunication, University of Mons, Boulevard Dolez 31, 7000 Mons, Belgium;
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Zabielaite A, Balciunaite A, Upskuviene D, Simkunaite D, Levinas R, Niaura G, Vaiciuniene J, Jasulaitiene V, Tamasauskaite-Tamasiunaite L, Norkus E. Investigation of Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution on Cobalt-Nanoparticles-Supported Graphitic Carbon Nitride. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:5923. [PMID: 37687616 PMCID: PMC10488936 DOI: 10.3390/ma16175923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on fabricating cobalt particles deposited on graphitic carbon nitride (Co/gCN) using annealing, microwave-assisted and hydrothermal syntheses, and their employment in hydrogen and oxygen evolution (HER and OER) reactions. Composition, surface morphology, and structure were examined using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The performance of Co-modified gCN composites for the HER and OER were investigated in an alkaline media (1 M KOH). Compared to the metal-free gCN, the modification of gCN with Co enhances the electrocatalytic activity towards the HER and OER. Additionally, thermal annealing of both Co(NO3)2 and melamine at 520 °C for 4 h results in the preparation of an effective bifunctional Co3O4/gCN catalyst for the HER with the lower Eonset of -0.24 V, a small overpotential of -294.1 mV at 10 mA cm-2, and a low Tafel slope of -29.6 mV dec-1 in a 1.0 M KOH solution and for the OER with the onset overpotential of 286.2 mV and overpotential of 422.3 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm-2 with the Tafel slope of 72.8 mV dec-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ausrine Zabielaite
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC), LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.B.); (D.U.); (D.S.); (R.L.); (G.N.); (J.V.); (V.J.); (E.N.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Loreta Tamasauskaite-Tamasiunaite
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC), LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.B.); (D.U.); (D.S.); (R.L.); (G.N.); (J.V.); (V.J.); (E.N.)
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González A, García-Gomez A, Zhukova V, Corte-Leon P, Ipatov M, Blanco JM, Gonzalez J, Zhukov A. Optimization of Magnetoimpedance Effect and Magnetic Properties of Fe-Rich Glass-Coated Microwires by Annealing. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:7481. [PMID: 37687937 PMCID: PMC10490706 DOI: 10.3390/s23177481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
As-prepared Fe-rich microwires with perfectly rectangular hysteresis loops present magnetization reversal through fast domain wall propagation, while the giant magnetoimpedance (GMI) effect in Fe-rich microwires is rather low. However, the lower cost of Fe-rich microwires makes them attractive for magnetic sensors applications. We studied the effect of conventional (furnace) annealing and Joule heating on magnetic-propertied domain wall (DW) dynamics and the GMI effect in two Fe microwires with different geometries. We observed that magnetic softness, GMI effect and domain wall (DW) dynamics can be substantially improved by appropriate annealing. Observed experimental results are discussed considering the counterbalance between the internal stresses relaxation and induced magnetic anisotropy associated with the presence of an Oersted magnetic field during Joule heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro González
- Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 San Sebastian, Spain; (A.G.); (A.G.-G.); (V.Z.); (P.C.-L.); (M.I.); (J.G.)
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Escuela de Ingeniería de Gipuzkoa, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
- EHU Quantum Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Alfonso García-Gomez
- Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 San Sebastian, Spain; (A.G.); (A.G.-G.); (V.Z.); (P.C.-L.); (M.I.); (J.G.)
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Escuela de Ingeniería de Gipuzkoa, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
- EHU Quantum Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Valentina Zhukova
- Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 San Sebastian, Spain; (A.G.); (A.G.-G.); (V.Z.); (P.C.-L.); (M.I.); (J.G.)
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Escuela de Ingeniería de Gipuzkoa, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
- EHU Quantum Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Paula Corte-Leon
- Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 San Sebastian, Spain; (A.G.); (A.G.-G.); (V.Z.); (P.C.-L.); (M.I.); (J.G.)
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Escuela de Ingeniería de Gipuzkoa, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
- EHU Quantum Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Mihail Ipatov
- Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 San Sebastian, Spain; (A.G.); (A.G.-G.); (V.Z.); (P.C.-L.); (M.I.); (J.G.)
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Escuela de Ingeniería de Gipuzkoa, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Juan Maria Blanco
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Escuela de Ingeniería de Gipuzkoa, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
- EHU Quantum Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Julian Gonzalez
- Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 San Sebastian, Spain; (A.G.); (A.G.-G.); (V.Z.); (P.C.-L.); (M.I.); (J.G.)
- EHU Quantum Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Arcady Zhukov
- Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 San Sebastian, Spain; (A.G.); (A.G.-G.); (V.Z.); (P.C.-L.); (M.I.); (J.G.)
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Escuela de Ingeniería de Gipuzkoa, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
- EHU Quantum Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
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Chakravarty P, Bátorfi JG, Sidor JJ. Investigation of Recrystallization Kinetics in 1050 Al Alloy by Experimental Evidence and Modeling Approach. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:5760. [PMID: 37687453 PMCID: PMC10488446 DOI: 10.3390/ma16175760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The recrystallization (RX) kinetics of commercially pure Al alloy is studied under the scope of annealing temperature, time, and degree of deformation. To examine the distribution of recrystallization, Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov (JMAK) theory is employed, where the path of microstructural transformation from the deformed state to the fully recovered one is studied as a function of the volume fraction of recrystallized grains (XV) and annealing time. The drop in hardness is recorded for the samples at various stages of annealing with a corresponding decrease in stored energy as the annealing time increases. The stored energy obtained from the hardness results and Orientation Imaging Microscopy (OIM)-based method is found to be in good agreement with each other, proving the efficiency of both techniques. To determine the volume fraction of the recrystallized microstructure, data obtained from Vickers hardness measurements are used. Various parameters associated with recrystallization statistics such as the critical radius of nuclei, the incubation period, and the mobility of High-Angle Grain Boundaries (HAGB) were derived from the experimental evidence. The experimental data also suggest a sharp drop in the velocity of HAGB as the RX transformation process approaches its completion, which is found to be a direct result of a drop in stored energy. A softening window between 42 s and 55 s is identified for our experimental data where the hardness, stored energy, and velocity of HAGB drops very sharply, and the maximum fraction of deformed grains is expected to be converted to the recrystallized ones. Along with experimental observations, an analytical model was developed, which helps to approximate the kinetics of RX and corresponding parameters for various annealing temperatures and strains while revealing the characteristic feature of Avrami exponent n. Both experimental evidence and model data reveal a very strong dependency of recrystallization behavior on the stored energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purnima Chakravarty
- Savaria Institute of Technology, Faculty of Informatics, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Károlyi Gáspár tér 4, 9700 Szombathely, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Physics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), P.O. Box 32, 1518 Budapest, Hungary
| | - János György Bátorfi
- Savaria Institute of Technology, Faculty of Informatics, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Károlyi Gáspár tér 4, 9700 Szombathely, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Physics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), P.O. Box 32, 1518 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jurij J. Sidor
- Savaria Institute of Technology, Faculty of Informatics, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Károlyi Gáspár tér 4, 9700 Szombathely, Hungary
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Costa ARDM, Luna CBB, do Nascimento EP, Ferreira EDSB, Costa CDM, de Almeida YMB, Araújo EM. Tailoring PLA/ABS Blends Compatibilized with SEBS-g-MA through Annealing Heat Treatment. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3434. [PMID: 37631490 PMCID: PMC10460045 DOI: 10.3390/polym15163434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, blends based on poly (lactic acid) (PLA)/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) compatibilized with maleic anhydride-grafted (SEBS-g-MA) were prepared in a co-rotational twin-screw extruder by varying the concentrations of the compatibilizing agent. The influence of the compatibilizing agent on the morphology, mechanical, thermal, thermomechanical, and rheological properties of the prepared materials was analyzed. The effect of annealing on the properties of the blends was also investigated using injection-molded samples. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results proved that the increments in crystallinity were an effect of annealing in the PLA/ABS/SEBS-g-MA blends, resonating at higher heat deflection temperatures (HDTs). The impact strength of the PLA/ABS blends compatibilized with 10 wt% SEBS-g-MA was significantly increased when compared to the PLA/ABS blends. However, the hardness and elastic modulus of the blends decreased when compared to neat PLA. The refined morphology shown in the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses corroborated the improved impact strength promoted by SEBS-g-MA. The torque rheometer degradation study also supported the increased compatibility between SEBS-g-MA, PLA, and ABS. The TGA results show that the PLA/ABS and PLA/ABS/SEBS-g-MA blends are more thermally stable than the neat PLA polymer at higher temperatures. The results showed that the ideal composition is the heat-treated PLA/ABS/SEBS-g-MA (60/30/10 wt%), given the high impact strength and HDT results. The results of this work in terms of mechanical improvement with the use of compatibilizers and annealing suggest that the PLA/ABS/SEBS-g-MA system can be used in the production of 3D-printing filaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Raffaela de Matos Costa
- Academic Unit of Materials Engineering, Polymer Processing Laboratory, Federal University of Campina Grande, Av. Aprígio Veloso, 882, Bodocongó, Campina Grande 58429-900, PB, Brazil; (A.R.d.M.C.); (E.P.d.N.); (E.d.S.B.F.); (E.M.A.)
| | - Carlos Bruno Barreto Luna
- Academic Unit of Materials Engineering, Polymer Processing Laboratory, Federal University of Campina Grande, Av. Aprígio Veloso, 882, Bodocongó, Campina Grande 58429-900, PB, Brazil; (A.R.d.M.C.); (E.P.d.N.); (E.d.S.B.F.); (E.M.A.)
| | - Emanuel Pereira do Nascimento
- Academic Unit of Materials Engineering, Polymer Processing Laboratory, Federal University of Campina Grande, Av. Aprígio Veloso, 882, Bodocongó, Campina Grande 58429-900, PB, Brazil; (A.R.d.M.C.); (E.P.d.N.); (E.d.S.B.F.); (E.M.A.)
| | - Eduardo da Silva Barbosa Ferreira
- Academic Unit of Materials Engineering, Polymer Processing Laboratory, Federal University of Campina Grande, Av. Aprígio Veloso, 882, Bodocongó, Campina Grande 58429-900, PB, Brazil; (A.R.d.M.C.); (E.P.d.N.); (E.d.S.B.F.); (E.M.A.)
| | - Claudia de Matos Costa
- Academic Unit of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Av. Aprígio Veloso, 882, Bodocongó, Campina Grande 58429-900, PB, Brazil;
| | | | - Edcleide Maria Araújo
- Academic Unit of Materials Engineering, Polymer Processing Laboratory, Federal University of Campina Grande, Av. Aprígio Veloso, 882, Bodocongó, Campina Grande 58429-900, PB, Brazil; (A.R.d.M.C.); (E.P.d.N.); (E.d.S.B.F.); (E.M.A.)
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Dong X, Zhang YQ. A Novel Mechanically Robust and Biodegradable Egg White Hydrogel Membrane by Combined Unidirectional Nanopore Dehydration and Annealing. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12661. [PMID: 37628842 PMCID: PMC10454319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A homogeneous egg white obtained by high-speed shearing and centrifugation was dehydrated into a fragile and water-soluble egg white glass (EWG) by unidirectional nanopore dehydration (UND). After EWG annealing, it can become an egg white hydrogel membrane (EWHM) that is water-insoluble, flexible, biocompatible, and mechanically robust. Its tensile strength, elongation at break, and the swelling ratio are about 5.84 MPa, 50-110%, and 60-130%, respectively. Protein structure analysis showed that UND caused the rearrangement of the protein molecules to form EWG with random coil and α-helix structures. The thermal decomposition temperature of the EWG was 309.25 °C. After EWG annealing at over 100 or 110 °C for 1.0 h or 45 min, the porous network EWHM was mainly composed of β-sheet structures, and the thermal decomposition temperature increased to 317.25-318.43 °C. Their 12-day residues in five proteases ranged from 1% to 99%, and the order was pepsin > neutral protease > papain > trypsin > alkaline protease. Mouse fibroblast L929 cells can adhere, grow, and proliferate well on these EWHMs. Therefore, the combined technology of UND and annealing for green and novel processing of EWHM has potential applications in the field of biomimetic and biomedical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Dong
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, RM702-2303, No. 199, Renai Road, Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China;
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, RM702-2303, No. 199, Renai Road, Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yu-Qing Zhang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, RM702-2303, No. 199, Renai Road, Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China;
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Qin K, Dun GH, Li YY, Zhao R, Geng X, Zhang JH, Zhang MS, Zhou RL, Peng JL, Tian H, Xie D, Yang Y, Ren TL. Straight Manipulation Annealing in a Solvent Atmosphere for Quality-Improved Cs 2AgBiBr 6 Perovskites. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:37640-37648. [PMID: 37491709 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
As a new-generation photoelectric material, perovskites have attracted researchers' attention due to their excellent optoelectronic properties. However, the existence of defects inevitably causes structural degradation and restricts their performance, which need to be further improved by post-treatment. At present, post-treatments mostly focus on non-contact treatments, which may constrain the effect since the influence on the perovskites caused by the direct contact is much more straightly. Therefore, we proposed an annealing strategy of straight manipulation in a solvent atmosphere with the assistance of polyimide (PI) tape for the perovskite post-treatment, due to the high heat resistance and less glue residual of this tape. It casts an influence on the perovskite directly, proving the possibility of the straight manipulation by operators, promoting the recrystallization of the perovskite grains and removing the impurity substance. The optimized Pb-free perovskite film exhibits a better X-ray sensitivity of 7.5 × 104 μC Gyair-1 cm-2 and a great detection limit of 47 nGyair s-1, which is comparable to advanced Pb-based perovskite X-ray detectors and all commercial ones. The new annealing strategy provides a facile, effective, and simple method to improve the perovskite quality, exhibiting the potential and harmlessness of the direct contact post-treatment, which paves the way for a broader application of perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Qin
- School of Integrated Circuits, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guan-Hua Dun
- School of Integrated Circuits, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- School of Integrated Circuits, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiangshun Geng
- School of Integrated Circuits, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jia-He Zhang
- School of Integrated Circuits, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Min-Shu Zhang
- School of Integrated Circuits, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ruo-Long Zhou
- School of Integrated Circuits, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jia-Li Peng
- School of Integrated Circuits, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - He Tian
- School of Integrated Circuits, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dan Xie
- School of Integrated Circuits, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yi Yang
- School of Integrated Circuits, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tian-Ling Ren
- School of Integrated Circuits, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Sanchaniya JV, Lasenko I, Kanukuntala SP, Smogor H, Viluma-Gudmona A, Krasnikovs A, Tipans I, Gobins V. Mechanical and Thermal Characterization of Annealed Oriented PAN Nanofibers. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3287. [PMID: 37571181 PMCID: PMC10422648 DOI: 10.3390/polym15153287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers have extensive applications as filters in various fields, including air and water filtration, biofluid purification, and the removal of toxic compounds and hazardous pollutants from contaminated water. This research focuses on investigating the impacts of annealing on the mechanical and thermal characteristics of oriented PAN nanofibers produced through the electrospinning of a PAN solution. The nanofiber mats were subjected to annealing temperatures ranging from 70 °C to 350 °C and characterized using a tensile test machine, thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The study aimed to examine the tensile strength in the transverse and longitudinal directions, Young's modulus, and glass transition temperatures of PAN nanofiber mats. The results indicate that, upon annealing, the diameter of the nanofibers decreased by approximately 20%, while the tensile strength increased in the longitudinal and transverse directions by 32% and 23%, respectively. Furthermore, the annealing temperature influenced the glass transition temperature of the nanofiber mats, which exhibited a 6% decrease at 280 °C, while the degradation temperature showed a slight increase of 3.5% at 280 °C. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the effects of annealing on PAN nanofiber mats, facilitating their potential for various filtration applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaymin Vrajlal Sanchaniya
- Mechanics and Biotextile Research Laboratory, Riga Technical University, 3/3-20 Pulka Street, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia; (I.L.)
- Department of Theoretical Mechanics and Strength of Materials, Riga Technical University, 6B Kipsala Street, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
| | - Inga Lasenko
- Mechanics and Biotextile Research Laboratory, Riga Technical University, 3/3-20 Pulka Street, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia; (I.L.)
| | - Sai Pavan Kanukuntala
- Mechanics and Biotextile Research Laboratory, Riga Technical University, 3/3-20 Pulka Street, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia; (I.L.)
- Department of Theoretical Mechanics and Strength of Materials, Riga Technical University, 6B Kipsala Street, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
| | - Hilary Smogor
- NETZSCH Instrumenty, Halicka 9, 31-036 Krakow, Poland
| | - Arta Viluma-Gudmona
- Mechanics and Biotextile Research Laboratory, Riga Technical University, 3/3-20 Pulka Street, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia; (I.L.)
| | - Andrejs Krasnikovs
- Department of Theoretical Mechanics and Strength of Materials, Riga Technical University, 6B Kipsala Street, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
| | - Igors Tipans
- Department of Theoretical Mechanics and Strength of Materials, Riga Technical University, 6B Kipsala Street, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
| | - Valters Gobins
- Laboratory of Environmental Genetics, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Latvian University, Jelgavas Street 1, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
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46
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Liu WJ, Chang YH, Chiang CC, Lai JX, Chen YT, Chen HL, Lin SH. Investigation of Sm Addition on Microstructural and Optical Properties of CoFe Thin Films. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:5380. [PMID: 37570084 PMCID: PMC10420287 DOI: 10.3390/ma16155380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
CoFe-based alloys and rare earth (RE) elements are among the most studied materials in applying magnetic devices to improve soft magnetic characteristics. A series of Co40Fe40Sm20 films are deposited on a glass substrate via the sputtering technique, followed by an annealing process to investigate their effect on microstructural and optical properties of Co40Fe40Sm20 films. In this study, the increase in the thickness of Co40Fe40Sm20 films and annealing temperatures resulted in a smoother surface morphology. The 40 nm Co40Fe40Sm20 films annealed 300 °C are expected to have good wear resistance and adhesive properties due to their high values of H/E ratio and surface energy. Optical transparency also increased due to the smoother surface of the Co40Fe40Sm20 films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jen Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 840, Taiwan;
| | - Yung-Huang Chang
- Bachelor Program in Industrial Technology, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, 123 University Road, Section 3, Douliou, Yunlin 640301, Taiwan;
| | - Chia-Chin Chiang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 80778, Taiwan;
| | - Jian-Xin Lai
- Graduate School of Materials Science, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, 123 University Road, Section 3, Douliou, Yunlin 640301, Taiwan; (J.-X.L.); (H.-L.C.)
| | - Yuan-Tsung Chen
- Graduate School of Materials Science, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, 123 University Road, Section 3, Douliou, Yunlin 640301, Taiwan; (J.-X.L.); (H.-L.C.)
| | - Hsiung-Liang Chen
- Graduate School of Materials Science, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, 123 University Road, Section 3, Douliou, Yunlin 640301, Taiwan; (J.-X.L.); (H.-L.C.)
| | - Shih-Hung Lin
- Department of Electronic Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, 123 University Road, Section 3, Douliou, Yunlin 640301, Taiwan;
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47
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Lee J, Yang W, Lee G, Cho Y, Kim J. Improved Through-Plane Thermal Conductivity of Poly(dimethylsiloxane)Composites through the Formation of 3D Filler Foam Using Freeze-Casting and Annealing Processes. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:2154. [PMID: 37570472 PMCID: PMC10421339 DOI: 10.3390/nano13152154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The configuration of a continuous and oriented thermal pathway is essential for efficient heat dissipation in the oriented direction. Three-dimensional (3D) conductive filler structures provide a suitable approach for constructing continuous thermal pathways in polymer-based composites. The aluminum nitride/reduced graphene oxide/poly(dimethylsiloxane) (AlN/rGO/PDMS) composite material is made with a 3D foam structure and focuses on reducing GO and forming foam via polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). We analyze the successful fabrication of hybrid fillers and composites using various methods. The fabricated composite with a 3D network filler foam achieves a through-plane thermal conductivity of 1.43 W/mK and achieves 752% higher thermal conductivity compared to pure PDMS, which is superior to composites without 3D foam. The continuous 3D filler structure via freeze-drying and annealing processes provides efficient thermal dissipation in the through-plane direction pathway, which is critical for enhancing thermal conductivity. Therefore, this work produces a polymer composite material with improved thermal conductivity through various processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jooyoung Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea; (J.L.); (W.Y.); (G.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Wonyoung Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea; (J.L.); (W.Y.); (G.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Geunhyeong Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea; (J.L.); (W.Y.); (G.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Youngsung Cho
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea; (J.L.); (W.Y.); (G.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Jooheon Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea; (J.L.); (W.Y.); (G.L.); (Y.C.)
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Energy and Industry, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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48
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Dippong T, Levei EA, Petean I, Deac IG, Cadar O. A Strategy for Tuning the Structure, Morphology, and Magnetic Properties of MnFe 2O 4/SiO 2 Ceramic Nanocomposites via Mono-, Di-, and Trivalent Metal Ion Doping and Annealing. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:2129. [PMID: 37513140 PMCID: PMC10386402 DOI: 10.3390/nano13142129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
This work presents the effect of monovalent (Ag+, Na+), divalent (Ca2+, Cd2+), and trivalent (La3+) metal ion doping and annealing temperature (500, 800, and 1200 °C) on the structure, morphology, and magnetic properties of MnFe2O4/SiO2 ceramic nanocomposites synthesized via sol-gel method. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirms the embedding of undoped and doped MnFe2O4 nanoparticles in the SiO2 matrix at all annealing temperatures. In all cases, the X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirms the formation of MnFe2O4. In the case of undoped, di-, and trivalent metal-ion-doped gels annealed at 1200 °C, three crystalline phases (cristobalite, quartz, and tridymite) belonging to the SiO2 matrix are observed. Doping with mono- and trivalent ions enhances the nanocomposite's structure by forming single-phase MnFe2O4 at low annealing temperatures (500 and 800 °C), while doping with divalent ions and high annealing temperature (1200 °C) results in additional crystalline phases. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) reveals spherical ferrite particles coated by an amorphous layer. The AFM images showed spherical particles formed due to the thermal treatment. The structural parameters calculated by XRD (crystallite size, crystallinity, lattice constant, unit cell volume, hopping length, density, and porosity) and AFM (particle size, powder surface area, and thickness of coating layer), as well as the magnetic parameters (saturation magnetization, remanent magnetization, coercivity, and anisotropy constant), are contingent on the doping ion and annealing temperature. By doping, the saturation magnetization and magnetocrystalline anisotropy decrease for gels annealed at 800 °C, but increase for gels annealed at 1200 °C, while the remanent magnetization and coercivity decrease by doping at both annealing temperatures (800 and 1200 °C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Dippong
- Faculty of Science, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 76 Victoriei Street, 430122 Baia Mare, Romania
| | - Erika Andrea Levei
- INCDO-INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioan Petean
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos Street, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Iosif Grigore Deac
- Faculty of Physics, Babes-Bolyai University, 1 Kogalniceanu Street, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Oana Cadar
- INCDO-INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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49
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Seok W, Jeon E, Kim Y. Effects of Annealing for Strength Enhancement of FDM 3D-Printed ABS Reinforced with Recycled Carbon Fiber. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3110. [PMID: 37514499 PMCID: PMC10384234 DOI: 10.3390/polym15143110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the effect of annealing on the mechanical properties of fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D-printed recycled carbon fiber (rCF)-reinforced composites. In this study, filaments for FDM 3D printers are self-fabricated from pure acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and ABS reinforced with fiber content of 10 wt% and 20 wt% rCF. This study explores the tensile and flexural properties as a function of the annealing temperature and time for the three different fiber content values. In addition, dimensional measurements of the shape changes are performed to determine the suitability of applying annealing in practical manufacturing processes. The results show that annealing improves the mechanical properties by narrowing the voids between the beads, which occur during the FDM process, and by reducing the gaps between the fibers and polymer. Following annealing, the largest tensile and flexural strength improvements are 12.64% and 42.33%, respectively, for the 20 wt% rCF content samples. Moreover, compared with the pure ABS samples, the annealing effect improves the mechanical properties of the rCF-reinforced samples more effectively, and they have higher dimensional stability, indicating their suitability for annealing. These results are expected to expand the application fields of rCF and greatly increase the potential use of FDM-printed parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonseok Seok
- Department of Future Convergence Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan 31080, Republic of Korea
| | - Euysik Jeon
- Department of Future Convergence Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan 31080, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngshin Kim
- Graduate Program for Eco-Friendly Future Automotive Technology, Kongju National University, Cheonan 31080, Republic of Korea
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50
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Hu ET, Zhao H, Wang M, Wang J, Cai QY, Yu K, Wei W. Design and Fabrication of an Ag Ultrathin Layer-Based Transparent Band Tunable Conductor and Its Thermal Stability. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:2108. [PMID: 37513119 PMCID: PMC10386063 DOI: 10.3390/nano13142108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Transparent conductors (TC) have been widely applied in a wide range of optoelectronic devices. Nevertheless, different transparent spectral bands are always needed for particular applications. In this work, indium tin oxide (ITO)-free TCs with tunable transparent bands based on the film structure of TiO2/Ag/AZO (Al-doped ZnO) were designed by the transfer matrix method and deposited by magnetron sputtering. The transparent spectra and figure-of-merit (FOM) were effectively adjusted by precisely controlling the Ag layer's thickness. The fabricated as-deposited samples exhibited an average optical transmittance larger than 88.3% (400-700 nm), a sheet resistance lower than 7.7 Ω.sq-1, a low surface roughness of about 1.4 nm, and mechanical stability upon 1000 bending cycles. Moreover, the samples were able to hold optical and electrical properties after annealing at 300 °C for 60 min, but failed at 400 °C even for 30 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Er-Tao Hu
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hongzhi Zhao
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Min Wang
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Basic Education, Tongda College of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Qing-Yuan Cai
- Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
| | - Kehan Yu
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Wei
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
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