1
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Ingendahl M, Propheter N, Vogel T. The role of category valence in prototype preference. Cogn Emot 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38554264 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2024.2335536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
People prefer prototypical stimuli over atypical stimuli. The dominant explanation for this prototype preference effect is that prototypical stimuli are processed more fluently. However, a more recent account proposes that prototypes are more strongly associated with their category's valence, leading to a reversed prototype preference effect for negative categories. One critical but untested assumption of this category-valence account is that no prototype preference should emerge for entirely neutral categories. We tested this prediction by conditioning categories of dot patterns positively, negatively, or neutrally. In line with previous findings on the category-valence account, prototype preference reversed for negatively conditioned categories. However, prototype preference was similarly strong for positive and neutral categories. These findings imply that prototype preferences do not only reflect a transfer of category valence to exemplars. Instead, the results suggest that prototype preference is a multi-process phenomenon arising from the activated category valence and a fluency-based process. We discuss further implications for theories on fluency and prototype preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Ingendahl
- Department of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Psychology, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nadja Propheter
- Department of Psychology, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tobias Vogel
- Department of Psychology, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences, Darmstadt, Germany
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2
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Winkler R, Zintler A, Recalde-Benitez O, Jiang T, Nasiou D, Adabifiroozjaei E, Schreyer P, Kim T, Piros E, Kaiser N, Vogel T, Petzold S, Alff L, Molina-Luna L. Texture Transfer in Dielectric Layers via Nanocrystalline Networks: Insights from in Situ 4D-STEM. Nano Lett 2024; 24:2998-3004. [PMID: 38319977 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Transition metal oxide dielectric layers have emerged as promising candidates for various relevant applications, such as supercapacitors or memory applications. However, the performance and reliability of these devices can critically depend on their microstructure, which can be strongly influenced by thermal processing and substrate-induced strain. To gain a more in-depth understanding of the microstructural changes, we conducted in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies of amorphous HfO2 dielectric layers grown on highly textured (111) substrates. Our results indicate that the minimum required phase transition temperature is 180 °C and that the developed crystallinity is affected by texture transfer. Using in situ TEM and 4D-STEM can provide valuable insights into the fundamental mechanisms underlying the microstructural evolution of dielectric layers and could pave the way for the development of more reliable and efficient devices for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Winkler
- Advanced Electron Microscopy Division, Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Alexander Zintler
- Advanced Electron Microscopy Division, Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Oscar Recalde-Benitez
- Advanced Electron Microscopy Division, Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Tianshu Jiang
- Advanced Electron Microscopy Division, Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Déspina Nasiou
- Advanced Electron Microscopy Division, Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Esmaeil Adabifiroozjaei
- Advanced Electron Microscopy Division, Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Philipp Schreyer
- Advanced Thin Film Technology Division, Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Taewook Kim
- Advanced Thin Film Technology Division, Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Eszter Piros
- Advanced Thin Film Technology Division, Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Nico Kaiser
- Advanced Thin Film Technology Division, Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Tobias Vogel
- Advanced Thin Film Technology Division, Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stefan Petzold
- Advanced Thin Film Technology Division, Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Lambert Alff
- Advanced Thin Film Technology Division, Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Leopoldo Molina-Luna
- Advanced Electron Microscopy Division, Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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3
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Topolinski S, Vogel T, Ingendahl M. Can sequencing of articulation ease explain the in-out effect? A preregistered test. Cogn Emot 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38465892 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2024.2326072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Words whose consonantal articulation places move from the front of the mouth to the back (e.g. BADAKA; inward) receive more positive evaluations than words whose consonantal articulation places move from the back of the mouth to the front (e.g. KADABA; outward). This in-out effect has a variety of affective, cognitive, and even behavioural consequences, but its underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Most recently, a linguistic explanation has been proposed applying the linguistic easy-first account and the so-called labial-coronal effect from developmental speech research and phonology to the in-out effect: Labials (front) are easier to process than coronals (middle); and people prefer easy followed by harder motor components. Disentangling consonantal articulation direction and articulation place, the present three preregistered experiments (total N = 1012) found in-out effects for coronal-dorsal (back), and labial-dorsal articulation places. Critically, no in-out effect emerged for labial-coronal articulation places. Thus, the in-out effect is unlikely an instantiation of easy first.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tobias Vogel
- Department of Social Sciences, Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Moritz Ingendahl
- Department of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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4
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Kacperski C, Kutzner F, Vogel T. Comparing autonomous vehicle acceptance of German residents with and without visual impairments. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38410937 DOI: 10.1080/17483107.2024.2317930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) will greatly impact the lives of individuals with visual impairments, but how they differ in expectations compared to sighted individuals is not clear. The present research reports results based on survey responses from 114 visually impaired participants and 117 panel recruited participants without visual impairments, from Germany. Their attitudes towards autonomous vehicles and their expectations for consequences of wide-spread adoption of CAVs are assessed. Results indicate significantly more positive CAV attitudes in participants with visual impairments compared to those without visual impairments. Mediation analyses indicate that visually impaired individuals' more positive CAV attitudes (compared to sighted individuals') are largely explained by higher hopes for independence, and more optimistic expectations regarding safety and sustainability. Policy makers should ensure accessibility without sacrificing goals for higher safety and lower ecological impact to make CAVs an acceptable inclusive mobility solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celina Kacperski
- Seeburg Castle University, Seekirchen am Wallersee, Austria
- University of Konstanz, Cluster of Excellence, Konstanz, Germany
| | | | - Tobias Vogel
- University of Applied Sciences Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
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5
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Aguirre FL, Piros E, Kaiser N, Vogel T, Petzold S, Gehrunger J, Hochberger C, Oster T, Hofmann K, Suñé J, Miranda E, Alff L. Revealing the quantum nature of the voltage-induced conductance changes in oxygen engineered yttrium oxide-based RRAM devices. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1122. [PMID: 38212346 PMCID: PMC10784569 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49924-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In this work, the quasi-analog to discrete transition occurring in the current-voltage characteristic of oxygen engineered yttrium oxide-based resistive random-access memory (RRAM) devices is investigated in detail. In particular, the focus of our research is not on the absolute conductance values of this characteristic but on the magnitude of its conductance changes occurring during the reset process of the device. It is found that the detected changes correspond to conductance values predominantly of the order of the quantum unit of conductance G0 = 2e2/h, where e is the electron charge and h the Planck constant. This feature is observed even at conductance levels far above G0, i.e. where electron transport is seemingly diffusive. It is also observed that such behavior is reproducible across devices comprising yttrium oxide layers with different oxygen concentrations and measured under different voltage sweep rates. While the oxygen deficiency affects the total number of quantized conductance states, the magnitude of the changes in conductance, close to 1 G0, is invariant to the oxygen content of the functional layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- F L Aguirre
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Cerdanyola del Valles, Spain.
- Intrinsic Semiconductor Technologies, Ltd., Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom.
| | - E Piros
- Advanced Thin Film Technology Division, Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - N Kaiser
- Advanced Thin Film Technology Division, Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - T Vogel
- Advanced Thin Film Technology Division, Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S Petzold
- Advanced Thin Film Technology Division, Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J Gehrunger
- Computer Systems Group, Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - C Hochberger
- Computer Systems Group, Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - T Oster
- Integrated Electronic Systems Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - K Hofmann
- Integrated Electronic Systems Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J Suñé
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Cerdanyola del Valles, Spain
| | - E Miranda
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Cerdanyola del Valles, Spain
| | - L Alff
- Advanced Thin Film Technology Division, Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
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6
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Ingendahl M, Maschmann IT, Embs N, Maulbetsch A, Vogel T, Wänke M. Articulation dynamics and evaluative conditioning: investigating the boundary conditions, mental representation, and origin of the in-out effect. Cogn Emot 2023; 37:1074-1089. [PMID: 37365827 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2023.2228538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
People prefer linguistic stimuli with an inward (e.g. BODIKA) over those with an outward articulation dynamic (e.g. KODIBA), a phenomenon known as the articulatory in-out effect. Despite its robustness across languages and contexts, the phenomenon is still poorly understood. To learn more about the effect's boundary conditions, mental representation, and origin, we crossed the in-out effect with evaluative conditioning research. In five experiments (N = 713, three experiments pre-registered), we systematically paired words containing inward versus outward dynamics with pictures of negative versus positive valence. Although this evaluative conditioning procedure reversed the preference for inward over outward words, this was the case only for words with the same consonant sequences as the conditioned words. For words with inward/outward dynamics but different consonant sequences than the conditioned ones, a regular in-out effect emerged. Also, no preference reversal at all emerged for the conditioned consonant sequences when the contingency between single consonants at specific positions and positive/negative valence was zero. Implications of these findings for the in-out effect and evaluative conditioning are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Ingendahl
- Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Nina Embs
- University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Tobias Vogel
- Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences, Darmstadt, Germany
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7
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Kaiser N, Song YJ, Vogel T, Piros E, Kim T, Schreyer P, Petzold S, Valentí R, Alff L. Crystal and Electronic Structure of Oxygen Vacancy Stabilized Rhombohedral Hafnium Oxide. ACS Appl Electron Mater 2023; 5:754-763. [PMID: 36873259 PMCID: PMC9979600 DOI: 10.1021/acsaelm.2c01255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Hafnium oxide is an outstanding candidate for next-generation nonvolatile memory solutions such as OxRAM (oxide-based resistive memory) and FeRAM (ferroelectric random access memory). A key parameter for OxRAM is the controlled oxygen deficiency in HfO2-x which eventually is associated with structural changes. Here, we expand the view on the recently identified (semi-)conducting low-temperature pseudocubic phase of reduced hafnium oxide by further X-ray diffraction analysis and density functional theory (DFT) simulation and reveal its rhombohedral nature. By performing total energy and electronic structure calculations, we investigate phase stability and band structure modifications in the presence of oxygen vacancies. With increasing oxygen vacancy concentration, the material transforms from the well-known monoclinic structure to a (pseudocubic) polar rhombohedral r-HfO2-x structure. The DFT analysis shows that r-HfO2-x is not merely epitaxy-induced but may exist as a relaxed compound. Furthermore, the electronic structure of r-HfO2-x as determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and UV/Vis spectroscopy corresponds very well with the DFT-based prediction of a conducting defect band. The existence of a substoichiometric (semi-)conducting phase of HfO2-x is obviously an important ingredient to understand the mechanism of resistive switching in hafnium-oxide-based OxRAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Kaiser
- Advanced
Thin Film Technology Division, Institute
of Materials Science, TU Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 2, 64287Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Young-Joon Song
- Institute
for Theoretical Physics, Goethe-University
Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tobias Vogel
- Advanced
Thin Film Technology Division, Institute
of Materials Science, TU Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 2, 64287Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Eszter Piros
- Advanced
Thin Film Technology Division, Institute
of Materials Science, TU Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 2, 64287Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Taewook Kim
- Advanced
Thin Film Technology Division, Institute
of Materials Science, TU Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 2, 64287Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Philipp Schreyer
- Advanced
Thin Film Technology Division, Institute
of Materials Science, TU Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 2, 64287Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stefan Petzold
- Advanced
Thin Film Technology Division, Institute
of Materials Science, TU Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 2, 64287Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Roser Valentí
- Institute
for Theoretical Physics, Goethe-University
Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lambert Alff
- Advanced
Thin Film Technology Division, Institute
of Materials Science, TU Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 2, 64287Darmstadt, Germany
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8
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Alves H, Vogel T, Grüning D, Mata A. Why leading is (almost) as important as winning. Cognition 2023; 230:105282. [PMID: 36341971 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2022.105282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Competitions in sports, business, or politics often provide perceivers with cumulative standings over time. Recent research suggests that people fail to accurately update their impressions from cumulative observations as they are influenced by previous standings. This cumulative redundancy bias (CRB) implies that competitors that are leading during a competition will receive more favorable evaluations, over and beyond their eventual success or failure. While the CRB has far-reaching implications, its underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. We present data from four experiments in which we modified the standard CRB task by adding a step-by-step procedure to track the dynamics of perceivers' impressions during the competition. We also manipulated the length of the competition and tested different possible explanations for the CRB. Results suggest that the CRB is a robust phenomenon that constitutes an actual bias and that is best explained by an additive effect of cumulative redundancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tobias Vogel
- University of Applied Sciences, Darmstadt, Germany
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9
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Aguirre FL, Piros E, Kaiser N, Vogel T, Petzold S, Gehrunger J, Oster T, Hochberger C, Suñé J, Alff L, Miranda E. Fast Fitting of the Dynamic Memdiode Model to the Conduction Characteristics of RRAM Devices Using Convolutional Neural Networks. Micromachines (Basel) 2022; 13:2002. [PMID: 36422434 PMCID: PMC9698277 DOI: 10.3390/mi13112002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the use of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) in the form of Convolutional Neural Networks (AlexNET) for the fast and energy-efficient fitting of the Dynamic Memdiode Model (DMM) to the conduction characteristics of bipolar-type resistive switching (RS) devices is investigated. Despite an initial computationally intensive training phase the ANNs allow obtaining a mapping between the experimental Current-Voltage (I-V) curve and the corresponding DMM parameters without incurring a costly iterative process as typically considered in error minimization-based optimization algorithms. In order to demonstrate the fitting capabilities of the proposed approach, a complete set of I-Vs obtained from Y2O3-based RRAM devices, fabricated with different oxidation conditions and measured with different current compliances, is considered. In this way, in addition to the intrinsic RS variability, extrinsic variation is achieved by means of external factors (oxygen content and damage control during the set process). We show that the reported method provides a significant reduction of the fitting time (one order of magnitude), especially in the case of large data sets. This issue is crucial when the extraction of the model parameters and their statistical characterization are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Leonel Aguirre
- Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Eszter Piros
- Advanced Thin Film Technology Division, Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Nico Kaiser
- Advanced Thin Film Technology Division, Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Tobias Vogel
- Advanced Thin Film Technology Division, Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stephan Petzold
- Advanced Thin Film Technology Division, Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jonas Gehrunger
- Computer Systems Group, Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Timo Oster
- Integrated Electronic Systems, Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christian Hochberger
- Computer Systems Group, Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jordi Suñé
- Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Lambert Alff
- Advanced Thin Film Technology Division, Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Enrique Miranda
- Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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10
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Winkler R, Zintler A, Petzold S, Piros E, Kaiser N, Vogel T, Nasiou D, McKenna KP, Molina‐Luna L, Alff L. Controlling the Formation of Conductive Pathways in Memristive Devices. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2201806. [PMID: 36073844 PMCID: PMC9685438 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Resistive random-access memories are promising candidates for novel computer architectures such as in-memory computing, multilevel data storage, and neuromorphics. Their working principle is based on electrically stimulated materials changes that allow access to two (digital), multiple (multilevel), or quasi-continuous (analog) resistive states. However, the stochastic nature of forming and switching the conductive pathway involves complex atomistic defect configurations resulting in considerable variability. This paper reveals that the intricate interplay of 0D and 2D defects can be engineered to achieve reproducible and controlled low-voltage formation of conducting filaments. The author find that the orientation of grain boundaries in polycrystalline HfOx is directly related to the required forming voltage of the conducting filaments, unravelling a neglected origin of variability. Based on the realistic atomic structure of grain boundaries obtained from ultra-high resolution imaging combined with first-principles calculations including local strain, this paper shows how oxygen vacancy segregation energies and the associated electronic states in the vicinity of the Fermi level govern the formation of conductive pathways in memristive devices. These findings are applicable to non-amorphous valence change filamentary type memristive device. The results demonstrate that a fundamental atomistic understanding of defect chemistry is pivotal to design memristors as key element of future electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Winkler
- Advanced Thin Film Technology DivisionInstitute of Materials ScienceTechnical University of DarmstadtAlarich‐Weiss‐Straße 264287DarmstadtGermany
- Advanced Electron Microscopy DivisionInstitute of Materials ScienceTechnical University of DarmstadtAlarich‐Weiss‐Straße 264287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Alexander Zintler
- Advanced Electron Microscopy DivisionInstitute of Materials ScienceTechnical University of DarmstadtAlarich‐Weiss‐Straße 264287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Stefan Petzold
- Advanced Thin Film Technology DivisionInstitute of Materials ScienceTechnical University of DarmstadtAlarich‐Weiss‐Straße 264287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Eszter Piros
- Advanced Thin Film Technology DivisionInstitute of Materials ScienceTechnical University of DarmstadtAlarich‐Weiss‐Straße 264287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Nico Kaiser
- Advanced Thin Film Technology DivisionInstitute of Materials ScienceTechnical University of DarmstadtAlarich‐Weiss‐Straße 264287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Tobias Vogel
- Advanced Thin Film Technology DivisionInstitute of Materials ScienceTechnical University of DarmstadtAlarich‐Weiss‐Straße 264287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Déspina Nasiou
- Advanced Electron Microscopy DivisionInstitute of Materials ScienceTechnical University of DarmstadtAlarich‐Weiss‐Straße 264287DarmstadtGermany
| | | | - Leopoldo Molina‐Luna
- Advanced Electron Microscopy DivisionInstitute of Materials ScienceTechnical University of DarmstadtAlarich‐Weiss‐Straße 264287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Lambert Alff
- Advanced Thin Film Technology DivisionInstitute of Materials ScienceTechnical University of DarmstadtAlarich‐Weiss‐Straße 264287DarmstadtGermany
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11
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Paunov Y, Vogel T, Ingendahl M, Wänke M. Transparent by choice: Proactive disclosures increase compliance with digital defaults. Front Psychol 2022; 13:981497. [PMID: 36275255 PMCID: PMC9584644 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.981497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Default nudges successfully guide choices across multiple domains. Online use cases for defaults range from promoting sustainable purchases to inducing acceptance of behavior tracking scripts, or “cookies.” However, many scholars view defaults as unethical due to the covert ways in which they influence behavior. Hence, opt-outs and other digital decision aids are progressively being regulated in an attempt to make them more transparent. The current practice of transparency boils down to saturating the decision environment with convoluted legal information. This approach might be informed by researchers, who hypothesized that nudges could become less effective once they are clearly laid out: People can retaliate against influence attempts if they are aware of them. A recent line of research has shown that such concerns are unfounded when the default-setters proactively discloses the purpose of the intervention. Yet, it remained unclear whether the effect persists when defaults reflect the current practice of such mandated transparency boils down to the inclusion of information disclosures, containing convoluted legal information. In two empirical studies (N = 364), respondents clearly differentiated proactive from mandated transparency. Moreover, they choose the default option significantly more often when the transparency disclosure was voluntary, rather than mandated. Policy implications and future research directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yavor Paunov
- Division of Philosophy, School of Architecture and the Building Environment, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Yavor Paunov
| | - Tobias Vogel
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Business Psychology Institute, Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Moritz Ingendahl
- Consumer and Economic Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michaela Wänke
- Consumer and Economic Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
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12
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Ray I, Fulham L, Simpson AI, Vogel T, Gerritsen C, Patel K, Jones RM. A comparison of men and women referred to provincial correctional mental health services in Ontario, Canada. Crim Behav Ment Health 2022; 32:358-370. [PMID: 36209470 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women comprise around 15% of admissions to provincial correctional institutions in Canada. Women in custody are known to have a high prevalence of mental health concerns, but little is known about how those referred to mental health services compare with referred men at a similar stage of imprisonment. AIMS Our aim was to describe and compare clinical, social and demographic characteristics of a complete cohort of custodially remanded men and women who were referred to mental health services while under custodial remand in two correctional institutions. METHODS We carried out retrospective analysis of data obtained from 4040 men and 1734 provincially detained women referred to mental health services in two correctional centres holding mainly pre-trial prisoners and serving a large mixed urban-rural catchment area in Toronto, Canada over a nearly five-year period. Men and women were first screened using the Brief Jail Mental Health Screen. Those who screened positive were assessed using the Jail Screening Assessment Tool the Brief Psychopathology Rating Scale-Expanded (BPRS-E) and the Clinical Global Impression-Corrections (CGI-C). RESULTS There were many similarities between men and women, but also some important differences. Women were more socioeconomically disadvantaged than men. More women than men reported having children, yet fewer reported having any form of employment or social supports, although men were more likely to report unstable housing. In addition, women were significantly more likely to have mood and anxiety problems and to be self-harming, but did not differ from men in current psychotic symptoms. We also found differences in patterns of substance use, with a higher proportion of women using heroin and methamphetamines but fewer women having accessed addiction services. CONCLUSIONS Our findings have implications for clinicians and service planners. They underscore the value of systematic screening for identifying need. More specifically, they suggest need for increased availability of addiction services for women as well as ensuring support for those women who have dependent-age children. Improvement in supports for entry into employment is particularly needed for women, while men are particularly likely to need access to stable housing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipsita Ray
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Alexander I Simpson
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tobias Vogel
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cory Gerritsen
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kiran Patel
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roland M Jones
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Vogel T, Zintler A, Kaiser N, Guillaume N, Lefèvre G, Lederer M, Serra AL, Piros E, Kim T, Schreyer P, Winkler R, Nasiou D, Olivo RR, Ali T, Lehninger D, Arzumanov A, Charpin-Nicolle C, Bourgeois G, Grenouillet L, Cyrille MC, Navarro G, Seidel K, Kämpfe T, Petzold S, Trautmann C, Molina-Luna L, Alff L. Structural and Electrical Response of Emerging Memories Exposed to Heavy Ion Radiation. ACS Nano 2022; 16:14463-14478. [PMID: 36113861 PMCID: PMC9527794 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c04841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Hafnium oxide- and GeSbTe-based functional layers are promising candidates in material systems for emerging memory technologies. They are also discussed as contenders for radiation-harsh environment applications. Testing the resilience against ion radiation is of high importance to identify materials that are feasible for future applications of emerging memory technologies like oxide-based, ferroelectric, and phase-change random-access memory. Induced changes of the crystalline and microscopic structure have to be considered as they are directly related to the memory states and failure mechanisms of the emerging memory technologies. Therefore, we present heavy ion irradiation-induced effects in emerging memories based on different memory materials, in particular, HfO2-, HfZrO2-, as well as GeSbTe-based thin films. This study reveals that the initial crystallinity, composition, and microstructure of the memory materials have a fundamental influence on their interaction with Au swift heavy ions. With this, we provide a test protocol for irradiation experiments of hafnium oxide- and GeSbTe-based emerging memories, combining structural investigations by X-ray diffraction on a macroscopic, scanning transmission electron microscopy on a microscopic scale, and electrical characterization of real devices. Such fundamental studies can be also of importance for future applications, considering the transition of digital to analog memories with a multitude of resistance states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Vogel
- Advanced
Thin Film Technology Division, Institute of Materials Science, TU Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Alexander Zintler
- Advanced
Electron Microscopy Division, Institute of Materials Science, TU Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Nico Kaiser
- Advanced
Thin Film Technology Division, Institute of Materials Science, TU Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | | | - Maximilian Lederer
- Fraunhofer
IMPS, Center Nanoelectronic Technologies
(CNT), 01109 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Eszter Piros
- Advanced
Thin Film Technology Division, Institute of Materials Science, TU Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Taewook Kim
- Advanced
Thin Film Technology Division, Institute of Materials Science, TU Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Philipp Schreyer
- Advanced
Thin Film Technology Division, Institute of Materials Science, TU Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Robert Winkler
- Advanced
Electron Microscopy Division, Institute of Materials Science, TU Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Déspina Nasiou
- Advanced
Electron Microscopy Division, Institute of Materials Science, TU Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Tarek Ali
- Fraunhofer
IMPS, Center Nanoelectronic Technologies
(CNT), 01109 Dresden, Germany
| | - David Lehninger
- Fraunhofer
IMPS, Center Nanoelectronic Technologies
(CNT), 01109 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexey Arzumanov
- Advanced
Thin Film Technology Division, Institute of Materials Science, TU Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Konrad Seidel
- Fraunhofer
IMPS, Center Nanoelectronic Technologies
(CNT), 01109 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Kämpfe
- Fraunhofer
IMPS, Center Nanoelectronic Technologies
(CNT), 01109 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Petzold
- Advanced
Thin Film Technology Division, Institute of Materials Science, TU Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christina Trautmann
- GSI
Helmholtzzentrum
fuer Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Institute
of Materials Science, TU Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Leopoldo Molina-Luna
- Advanced
Electron Microscopy Division, Institute of Materials Science, TU Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Lambert Alff
- Advanced
Thin Film Technology Division, Institute of Materials Science, TU Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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14
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Vogel T, Zintler A, Kaiser N, Guillaume N, Lefèvre G, Lederer M, Serra AL, Piros E, Kim T, Schreyer P, Winkler R, Nasiou D, Olivo RR, Ali T, Lehninger D, Arzumanov A, Charpin-Nicolle C, Bourgeois G, Grenouillet L, Cyrille MC, Navarro G, Seidel K, Kämpfe T, Petzold S, Trautmann C, Molina-Luna L, Alff L. Structural and Electrical Response of Emerging Memories Exposed to Heavy Ion Radiation. ACS Nano 2022; 16:14463-14478. [PMID: 36113861 DOI: 10.48328/tudatalib-896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Hafnium oxide- and GeSbTe-based functional layers are promising candidates in material systems for emerging memory technologies. They are also discussed as contenders for radiation-harsh environment applications. Testing the resilience against ion radiation is of high importance to identify materials that are feasible for future applications of emerging memory technologies like oxide-based, ferroelectric, and phase-change random-access memory. Induced changes of the crystalline and microscopic structure have to be considered as they are directly related to the memory states and failure mechanisms of the emerging memory technologies. Therefore, we present heavy ion irradiation-induced effects in emerging memories based on different memory materials, in particular, HfO2-, HfZrO2-, as well as GeSbTe-based thin films. This study reveals that the initial crystallinity, composition, and microstructure of the memory materials have a fundamental influence on their interaction with Au swift heavy ions. With this, we provide a test protocol for irradiation experiments of hafnium oxide- and GeSbTe-based emerging memories, combining structural investigations by X-ray diffraction on a macroscopic, scanning transmission electron microscopy on a microscopic scale, and electrical characterization of real devices. Such fundamental studies can be also of importance for future applications, considering the transition of digital to analog memories with a multitude of resistance states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Vogel
- Advanced Thin Film Technology Division, Institute of Materials Science, TU Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Alexander Zintler
- Advanced Electron Microscopy Division, Institute of Materials Science, TU Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Nico Kaiser
- Advanced Thin Film Technology Division, Institute of Materials Science, TU Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | | | - Maximilian Lederer
- Fraunhofer IMPS, Center Nanoelectronic Technologies (CNT), 01109 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Eszter Piros
- Advanced Thin Film Technology Division, Institute of Materials Science, TU Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Taewook Kim
- Advanced Thin Film Technology Division, Institute of Materials Science, TU Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Philipp Schreyer
- Advanced Thin Film Technology Division, Institute of Materials Science, TU Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Robert Winkler
- Advanced Electron Microscopy Division, Institute of Materials Science, TU Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Déspina Nasiou
- Advanced Electron Microscopy Division, Institute of Materials Science, TU Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Tarek Ali
- Fraunhofer IMPS, Center Nanoelectronic Technologies (CNT), 01109 Dresden, Germany
| | - David Lehninger
- Fraunhofer IMPS, Center Nanoelectronic Technologies (CNT), 01109 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexey Arzumanov
- Advanced Thin Film Technology Division, Institute of Materials Science, TU Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Konrad Seidel
- Fraunhofer IMPS, Center Nanoelectronic Technologies (CNT), 01109 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Kämpfe
- Fraunhofer IMPS, Center Nanoelectronic Technologies (CNT), 01109 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Petzold
- Advanced Thin Film Technology Division, Institute of Materials Science, TU Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christina Trautmann
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Institute of Materials Science, TU Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Leopoldo Molina-Luna
- Advanced Electron Microscopy Division, Institute of Materials Science, TU Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Lambert Alff
- Advanced Thin Film Technology Division, Institute of Materials Science, TU Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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15
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16
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Ingendahl M, Vogel T. Choosing a brand name that's “in” – disgust sensitivity, preference for intuition, and the articulatory in-out effect. Personality and Individual Differences 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.111276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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17
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Kaiser N, Vogel T, Zintler A, Petzold S, Arzumanov A, Piros E, Eilhardt R, Molina-Luna L, Alff L. Defect-Stabilized Substoichiometric Polymorphs of Hafnium Oxide with Semiconducting Properties. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:1290-1303. [PMID: 34942076 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c09451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Hafnium oxide plays an important role as a dielectric material in various thin-film electronic devices such as transistors and resistive or ferroelectric memory. The crystallographic and electronic structure of the hafnia layer often depends critically on its composition and defect structure. Here, we report two novel defect-stabilized polymorphs of substoichiometric HfO2-x with semiconducting properties that are of particular interest for resistive switching digital or analog memory devices. The thin-film samples are synthesized by molecular beam epitaxy with oxygen engineering that allows us to cover the whole range of metallic Hf with oxygen interstitials to HfO2. The crystal and defect structures, in particular of a cubic low-temperature phase c-HfO1.7 and a hexagonal phase hcp-HfO0.7 are identified by X-ray diffraction, in vacuo electron spectroscopic, and transmission electron microscopic methods. With the help of UV/Vis transmission data, we propose a consistent band structure model for the whole oxidation range involving oxygen vacancy-induced in-gap defect states. Our comprehensive study of engineered hafnia thin films has an impact on the design of resistive memory devices and can be transferred to chemically similar suboxide systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Kaiser
- Advanced Thin Film Technology Division, Institute of Materials Science, TU Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Tobias Vogel
- Advanced Thin Film Technology Division, Institute of Materials Science, TU Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Alexander Zintler
- Advanced Electron Microscopy Division, Institute of Materials Science, TU Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stefan Petzold
- Advanced Thin Film Technology Division, Institute of Materials Science, TU Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Alexey Arzumanov
- Advanced Thin Film Technology Division, Institute of Materials Science, TU Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Eszter Piros
- Advanced Thin Film Technology Division, Institute of Materials Science, TU Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Robert Eilhardt
- Advanced Electron Microscopy Division, Institute of Materials Science, TU Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Leopoldo Molina-Luna
- Advanced Electron Microscopy Division, Institute of Materials Science, TU Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Lambert Alff
- Advanced Thin Film Technology Division, Institute of Materials Science, TU Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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18
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Hachtel H, Häring D, Kochuparackal T, Graf M, Vogel T. Practical Issues of Medical Experts in Assessing Persons With Mental Illness Asking for Assisted Dying in Switzerland. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:909194. [PMID: 35873270 PMCID: PMC9300988 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.909194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With about 65,000 deaths per year in Switzerland, about 1,000 assisted suicides of Swiss citizens are carried out with the help of assisted dying organizations per year. Assisted suicide, which is carried out without selfish motives on the side of the helping person, only remains unpunished if there is a free will decision by the person willing to die who has the capacity of judgement and to act independently. While this is usually accepted as an option for somatically terminally ill patients in society at large, this procedure is controversial for psychiatrically ill patients. In Switzerland the topic of assisted dying is highly debated between medical professionals. In 2018, the Swiss Academy of Medical Sciences (SAMS) put revised guidelines into force, which are in discrepancy to the current rules of the Swiss Medical Association (FMH). This article gives an overview of the past and current development of the Code of Professional Conduct and medical-ethical guidelines as well as current Swiss criminal and medical law on this topic. Practical implications for the assessment of assessing persons with mental illness in this circumstances are discussed. It is to be concluded, that persons with a mental illness seem to face extra obstacles in relation with somatically ill persons as the assessment of the prerequisites comprises additional requirements. Among other issues there is an urgent need for the elaboration of contents to be assessed and standards of procedures. The procedures and guidelines to be elaborated should be scientifically accompanied in order to gain a more reliable basis for decision-making. Multidisciplinary assessments would help to avoid biases and blind spots of a mono-disciplinary assessments. In addition, even in the case of mentally ill people, their right to self-determined suicide should not be restricted by excessive hurdles in the assessment process. Lastly, reliable funding should be secured, as it is otherwise to be expected that the complex assessment of prerequisites through multi-professional-teams or just one assessor cannot be sustained. The exercise of fundamental rights must be possible for all persons to the same extent, regardless of their financial resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Hachtel
- Clinic for Forensics, University Psychiatric Clinic Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Tanya Kochuparackal
- Clinic for Forensics, University Psychiatric Clinic Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marc Graf
- Clinic for Forensics, University Psychiatric Clinic Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Vogel
- Clinic for Forensics, University Psychiatric Clinic Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Ingendahl M, Vogel T, Topolinski S. The articulatory in-out effect: replicable, but inexplicable. Trends Cogn Sci 2021; 26:8-10. [PMID: 34728149 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2021.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
People prefer inward over outward articulation dynamics, a phenomenon referred to as the articulatory in-out effect. It is empirically robust and generalizes across languages, settings, and stimuli. However, the theoretical explanation of the effect is still a matter of lively debate and in need of novel research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Ingendahl
- Department of Psychology, University of Mannheim, DE-61859 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Tobias Vogel
- Department of Social Sciences, Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences, DE-64295 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Sascha Topolinski
- Department of Psychology, University of Cologne, DE-50931 Köln, Germany
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20
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Seaward H, Wangmo T, Vogel T, Graf M, Egli-Alge M, Liebrenz M, Elger BS. What characterizes a good mental health professional in court-mandated treatment settings?: Findings from a qualitative study with older patients and mental health care professionals. BMC Psychol 2021; 9:121. [PMID: 34404482 PMCID: PMC8371872 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-021-00624-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapist-related activities and characteristics such as empathy and genuineness are factors that significantly contribute to psychotherapy outcome. As they play a role in psychotherapy more generally, it can be expected that they are equally important in the treatment of court-mandated patients more specifically. At the same time, these treatment settings come with specific challenges-e.g. due to coercion and control-and it could thus be that some therapist-related characteristics might have a different empathy on the therapy. This interview study sought to investigate service providers' and users' perspectives on therapist-related characteristics in the context of detention. METHODS We conducted a qualitative interview study with 41 older incarcerated persons mandated to treatment, and 63 mental health professionals (MHP). The data analysis followed thematic analysis. RESULTS Patients and experts both emphasized the importance of treating patients with respect by taking a humanistic approach, that is, condemn the deeds but embrace the person and display genuine interest in supporting patients with any issue or concern that is of relevance to them. Furthermore, interviewees underscored that the coerciveness of the therapy context required to incorporate patients' wishes into treatment planning, recognize and respond to the patients' needs, and allow some choice within the given framework. Such inclusive attitude was deemed critical to engage and motivate patients to participate in treatment. In addition, it was emphasized that feedback and advice by the therapists need to be concrete, detailed and applied to each person's current situation. Lastly, patients questioned MHP's qualification when they did not progress in therapy. DISCUSSION Our findings indicate that some therapist-related activities and characteristics are of particular importance in court-mandated settings. These include genuine interest in the patient, a respectful and positive attitude, as well as the capacity to target sensitive issues in a directive but non-confrontational manner. Further research needs to identify specific expressions and behaviors that are linked to the aforementioned characteristics in the forensic context. Our study therefore contributes to much-needed empirical research on clinician and patient perspectives on therapist characteristics and activities in the treatment of court-mandated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Seaward
- Institute for Biomedical Ethics, University Basel, Bernoullistrasse 28, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Tenzin Wangmo
- Institute for Biomedical Ethics, University Basel, Bernoullistrasse 28, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Vogel
- Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Forensic Psychiatric Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marc Graf
- Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Forensic Psychiatric Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Michael Liebrenz
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bernice S Elger
- Institute for Biomedical Ethics, University Basel, Bernoullistrasse 28, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
- Center for Legal Medicine (CURML), Medical Faculty, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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21
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Abstract
The articulatory in-out effect describes the preference for stimuli with an inward-wandering consonant order (e.g., BODIKA) as opposed to an outward-wandering consonant order (e.g., KODIBA). Originally, the in-out effect has been explained in terms of articulation trajectories, with inward trajectories being preferred over outward trajectories. However, recent research by Maschmann et al. (2020) raised doubts on this explanation of articulation trajectory preferences and offered a parsimonious alternative explanation for the in-out effect based on consonant preferences instead. As we show in the present article, stimulus materials in Maschmann et al. (2020) diverged from materials used in previous research and might have prevented the experience of articulation trajectories. Here, we present a conceptual replication of Maschmann et al. (2020), using stimulus materials more likely to elicit articulation trajectory preferences. In a preregistered, high-powered experiment (N = 349), we find strong support for the original idea of trajectory preferences but no evidence for the consonant preference account. Our research shows that preferences for articulation trajectories are robust and cannot be explained by mere consonant preferences. We discuss further implications of these findings for future research on the processes involved in the empirical in-out effect. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Ingendahl
- Department of Consumer and Economic Psychology, University of Mannheim
| | - Tobias Vogel
- Department of Consumer and Economic Psychology, University of Mannheim
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22
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Halicki KT, Suitner C, Vogel T, Wänke M. What is agentic about the Spatial Agency Bias? How pragmatic relevance contributes to the spatial representations of actions. Eur J Soc Psychol 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Theresa Halicki
- Department of Consumer and Economic Psychology School of Social Sciences University of Mannheim Mannheim Germany
| | | | - Tobias Vogel
- Department of Consumer and Economic Psychology School of Social Sciences University of Mannheim Mannheim Germany
| | - Michaela Wänke
- Department of Consumer and Economic Psychology School of Social Sciences University of Mannheim Mannheim Germany
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23
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Simpson AIF, Gerritsen C, Maheandiran M, Adamo V, Vogel T, Fulham L, Kitt T, Forrester A, Jones RM. A Systematic Review of Reviews of Correctional Mental Health Services Using the STAIR Framework. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:747202. [PMID: 35115956 PMCID: PMC8806032 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.747202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rising demand for correctional mental health services (CMHS) in recent decades has been a global phenomenon. Despite increasing research, there are major gaps in understanding the best models for CMHS and how to measure their effectiveness, particularly studies that consider the overall care pathways and effectiveness of service responses. The STAIR (Screening, Triage, Assessment, Intervention, and Re-integration) model is an evidence-based framework that defines and measures CMHS as a clinical pathway with a series of measurable, and linked functions. METHOD We conducted a systematic review of the reviews of CMHS elements employing PRISMA guidelines, organized according to STAIR pillars. We assessed the quality of included studies using the AMSTAR-2 criteria. Narrative reviews were read and results synthesized. RESULTS We included 26 review articles of which 12 were systematic, metaanalyses, and 14 narrative reviews. Two systematic reviews and seven narrative reviews addressed screening and triage with strong evidence to support specific screening and triage systems. There was no evidence for standardised assessment approaches. Eight systematic reviews and seven narrative reviews addressed interventions providing some evidence to support specific psychosocial interventions. Three systematic reviews and six narrative reviews addressed reintegration themes finding relatively weak evidence to support reintegration methods, with interventions often being jurisdictionally specific and lacking generalizability. CONCLUSIONS The STAIR framework is a useful way to organize the extant literature. More research is needed on interventions, assessment systems, care pathway evaluations, and reintegration models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander I F Simpson
- Forensic Psychiatry, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cory Gerritsen
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Vito Adamo
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tobias Vogel
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lindsay Fulham
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tamsen Kitt
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew Forrester
- Forensic Psychiatry, Department of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neursciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Roland M Jones
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Ingendahl M, Schöne T, Wänke M, Vogel T. Fluency in the in-out effect: The role of structural mere exposure effects. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2020.104079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Chahbazian J, Lorenzo N, Ben Malek H, Vogel T, Bourgarit A, Andres E, Zulfiqar A. Sémiologie clinique de l’anémie chez des patients âgés de plus de 75 ans : une étude prospective menée par le groupe SiFMI. Rev Med Interne 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2020.10.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Szafron V, Pereira M, Vogel T, Leung D, Forbes-Satter L. M412 A BALANCING ACT: TREATMENT OF COVID-19 AND CYTOMEGALOVIRUS IN A PATIENT WITH PRIMARY IMMUNODEFICIENCY. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2020. [PMCID: PMC7661922 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2020.08.359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kiesmann M, Sauleau E, Perisse J, Jehl C, Konrad S, Karcher P, Fleury MC, Rohmer D, Sauer A, Ehret M, Vogel T, Kaltenbach G, Schmitt E. Parkinsonian gait in elderly people: Significance of the threshold value of two and more falls per year. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2020; 177:385-393. [PMID: 33032799 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2020.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Parkinsonism in the elderly presents a major risk factor for recurrent falls (2 and more falls per year), which is associated with increased morbidity. The main objective was to investigate explanatory variables relating to the risk of being recurrent fallers (RF) in persons with parkinsonian gait. METHODS Seventy-nine among 172 eligible persons were enrolled in this prospective study, the findings of which were analyzed at 12 months. Motor and non-motor features, as well as follow-up interviews to identify falls, loss of ability to walk, fluctuating cognition, traumatic falls, all-cause hospitalizations and deaths were collated and results compared between non RF (zero and one fall per year) and RF. Bayesian model averaging was used to predict the probability of patients being RF from their medical history as well as from cognitive assessment, gait velocity, vision and posture. RESULTS N=79, 0.58 men, 50% had Parkinson's disease, 14% other neurodegenerative parkinsonian syndrome, 23% vascular parkinsonism and 13% Lewy body disease, 58% were RF. Median age 81.2 years and median MMSE 25/30. A history of falls and of hallucinations, median odds ratio respectively 9.06 (CI 2.34-38.22), 4.21 (CI 1.04-18.67) were associated with the highest odds ratios along with fluctuating cognition and abnormal posture. Two or more falls a year was a relevant threshold to distinguish a population with a high risk of comorbidity. CONCLUSION The whole history of falls, hallucinations and fluctuating cognition can be considered predictive of recurrent falls in elderly people with parkinsonian gait and provide a tracking tool for patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kiesmann
- Geriatric Department, University Hospitals of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - E Sauleau
- Biostatistical Laboratory, iCube - CNRS UMR 7357, Department of Public Health, methods in clinical research, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - J Perisse
- Geriatric Department, University Hospitals of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - C Jehl
- Geriatric Department, University Hospitals of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - S Konrad
- Geriatric Department, University Hospitals of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - P Karcher
- Geriatric Department, University Hospitals of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - M C Fleury
- Neurology Department, University Hospitals of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - D Rohmer
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, University Hospitals of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - A Sauer
- Ophthalmology Department, University Hospitals of Strasbourg and University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - M Ehret
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, University Hospitals of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - T Vogel
- Geriatric Department, University Hospitals of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; EA-3072, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - G Kaltenbach
- Geriatric Department, University Hospitals of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - E Schmitt
- Geriatric Department, University Hospitals of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; EA-3072, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
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Abstract
Abstract. Combining the strengths of defaults and transparency information is a potentially powerful way to induce policy compliance. Despite negative theoretical predictions, a recent line of research revealed that default nudges may become more effective if people are informed why they should exhibit the targeted behavior. Yet, it is an open empirical question whether the increase in compliance came from setting a default and consequently disclosing it, or the provided information was sufficient to deliver the effect on its own. Results from an online experiment indicate that both defaulting and transparency information exert a statistically independent effect on compliance, with highest compliance rates observed in the combined condition. Practical and theoretical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yavor Paunov
- Department of Consumer and Economic Psychology, University of Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michaela Wänke
- Department of Consumer and Economic Psychology, University of Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tobias Vogel
- Department of Consumer and Economic Psychology, University of Mannheim, Germany
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Abstract
A classic phenomenon known as prototype preference effect (PPE) or beauty-in-averageness effect is that prototypical exemplars of a neutral category are preferred over atypical exemplars. This PPE has been explained in terms of deviance avoidance, hedonic fluency, or preference for certainty and familiarity. However, typicality also facilitates greater activation of category-related information. Thus, prototypes rather than atypical exemplars should be more associated with the valence of the category, either positive or negative. Hence, we hypothesize that the evaluation of a prototype depends on the valence of its category. Results from three experiments crossing a standard PPE paradigm with an evaluative conditioning procedure support our hypothesis. We show that for positive categories, greater typicality increases liking. Critically, for negative categories, greater typicality decreases liking. This pattern of results challenges dominant explanations of prototype evaluation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Vogel
- Department of Consumer and Economic Psychology, University of Mannheim
| | - Moritz Ingendahl
- Department of Consumer and Economic Psychology, University of Mannheim
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Meyer F, Vogel T, Ahmed S, Saraceno CJ. Single-cycle, MHz repetition rate THz source with 66 mW of average power. Opt Lett 2020; 45:2494-2497. [PMID: 32356799 DOI: 10.1364/ol.386305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate terahertz (THz) generation using the tilted pulse front method in lithium niobate, driven at an unprecedented high average power of more than 100 W and at a 13.3 MHz repetition rate, provided by a compact amplifier-free mode-locked thin-disk oscillator. The conversion efficiency was optimized with respect to the pump spot size and pump pulse duration, enabling us to generate a maximum THz average power of 66 mW, which is, to the best of our knowledge, the highest reported to date from a laser-driven, few-cycle THz source. Furthermore, we identify beam walk-off as the main obstacle that currently limits the conversion efficiency in this excitation regime (with moderate pulse energies and small spot sizes). Further upscaling to the watt level and beyond is within reach, paving the way for linear and nonlinear high average power THz spectroscopy experiments with an exceptional signal-to-noise ratio at megahertz repetition rates.
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Wissel K, Vogel T, Dasgupta S, Fortes AD, Slater PR, Clemens O. Topochemical Fluorination of n = 2 Ruddlesden-Popper Type Sr 3Ti 2O 7 to Sr 3Ti 2O 5F 4 and Its Reductive Defluorination. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:1153-1163. [PMID: 31880431 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Within this study, we show that a sequence of substitutive topochemical fluorination of the n = 2 Ruddlesden-Popper type compounds Sr3Ti2O7 to Sr3Ti2O5F4 followed by reductive topochemical defluorination reactions between the oxyfluoride and the reducing agent sodium hydride allows for a substantial reduction of the oxidation state of Ti due to selective extraction and hydride substitution of fluoride ions. The oxyfluoride Sr3Ti2O5F4 has been synthesized and characterized structurally for the first time. The defluorination experiments have been conducted at temperatures as low as 300 °C, enabling also the reduction of this metastable compound. The evolution of phase fractions and unit cell volumes of various reduced phases as well as of side products has been monitored by an X-ray diffraction study as a function of the amount of sodium hydride used. Strong structural changes within the reduced phases, involving considerable decreases in the c lattice parameters partly accompanied by symmetry, lowering have been observed. To gain a deeper understanding of the structural changes, selected reduction reaction products have been further investigated by coupled analysis of X-ray and neutron powder diffraction data. Moreover, changes in the oxidation state of Ti have been studied using magnetic measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy examining differences between the bulk and the surface properties. Additionally, similarities and differences between previously published results on the topochemical defluorination of the n = 1 Ruddlesden-Popper type compound Sr2TiO3F2 are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Wissel
- Technische Universität Darmstadt , Institut für Materialwissenschaft, Fachgebiet Materialdesign durch Synthese , Alarich-Weiss-Straße 2 , 64287 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Tobias Vogel
- Technische Universität Darmstadt , Institut für Materialwissenschaft, Fachgebiet Dünne Schichten , Alarich-Weiss-Straße 2 , 64287 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Supratik Dasgupta
- Technische Universität Darmstadt , Institut für Materialwissenschaft, Fachgebiet Dünne Schichten , Alarich-Weiss-Straße 2 , 64287 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Andrew Dominic Fortes
- ISIS Facility , Rutherford Appleton Laboratory , Harwell Science and Innovation Campus , Didcot , Oxfordshire OX11 0QX , United Kingdom
| | - Peter R Slater
- School of Chemistry , University of Birmingham , Birmingham B15 2TT , United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Clemens
- Technische Universität Darmstadt , Institut für Materialwissenschaft, Fachgebiet Materialdesign durch Synthese , Alarich-Weiss-Straße 2 , 64287 Darmstadt , Germany.,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Institut für Nanotechnologie , Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 , 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen , Germany
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Vogel T, Silva RR, Thomas A, Wänke M. Truth is in the mind, but beauty is in the eye: Fluency effects are moderated by a match between fluency source and judgment dimension. J Exp Psychol Gen 2020; 149:1587-1596. [PMID: 31944810 DOI: 10.1037/xge0000731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The eminent role of processing fluency in judgment and decision-making is undisputed. Not only is fluency affected by sources as diverse as stimulus repetition or visual clarity, but it also has an impact on outcomes as diverse as liking for a stimulus or the subjective validity of a statement. Although several studies indicate that sources and outcomes are widely interchangeable, recent research suggests that judgments are differentially affected by conceptual and perceptual fluency, with stronger effects of conceptual (vs. perceptual) fluency on judgments of truth. Here, we propose a fluency-specificity hypothesis according to which conceptual fluency is more informative for content-related judgments, but perceptual fluency is more informative for judgments related to perception. Two experimental studies in which perceptual and conceptual fluency were manipulated orthogonally show the superiority of content repetition on judgments of truth but the superiority of visual contrast on aesthetic evaluations. The theoretical implications are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Abstract
The objective of this narrative review was to provide an update on oral and nasal vitamin B12 (cobalamin) therapy in elderly patients. Relevant articles were identified by 'PubMed' and 'Scholar Google' search from January 2010 to July 2018 and through hand search of relevant reference articles. Additional studies were obtained from references of identified studies, the 'Cochrane Library' and the 'ISI Web of Knowledge'. Data retrieved from international meetings were also used, as was information retrieved from commercial sites on the web and data from 'CARE B12' research group. For oral vitamin B12 therapy, four prospective randomized controlled trials, eight prospective studies, one systematic and four reviews fulfilled our inclusion criteria. The studies included mainly or exclusively elderly patients (≥65-year-olds). In all of the studies, the mean age of the patients was at least 70 years except for two. The present review documents that oral vitamin B12 replacement at 1000 μg daily proved adequate to cure vitamin B12 deficiency, with a good safety profile. The efficacy was particularly marked when considering the noticeable improvement in serum vitamin B12 levels and haematological parameters, such as haemoglobin level, mean erythrocyte cell volume and reticulocyte count. The effect of oral cobalamin treatment in patients presenting with severe neurological manifestations has not yet been adequately documented. For nasal vitamin B12, only a few preliminary studies were available. We conclude that oral vitamin B12 is an effective alternative to intramuscular vitamin B12 injections in elderly patients. Oral vitamin B12 treatment avoids the discomfort, inconvenience and cost of monthly injections.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Andrès
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - A-A Zulfiqar
- Department of Geriatrics, CHRU de Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - T Vogel
- Department of Geriatrics and Internal Medicine, Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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Zulfiqar AA, Lorenzo Villalba N, Ben Malek H, Vogel T, Andres E, SiFMI G. [Clinical semiology of anemia in patients over 75 years: a prospective study conducted in France by the SiFMI group]. Rev Med Liege 2019; 74:667-671. [PMID: 31833278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anemia remains one of the main concerns of the day-today life of Internist since it ranks third among the pathologies seen in Internal Medicine Departments. OBJECTIVE it seemed appropriate for the SiFMI Group (Common Situations in Internal Medicine of the SNFMI) to carry out a study of anemia evaluating the contribution to the diagnosis of the «classical» semiology of the anemic syndrome. This work reports the results from the study of 204 patients aged 75 years and more. METHOD A prospective, non interventional multicenter study was carried out in Internal and Geriatric Departments in the period September 2015-September 2017. Clinical and biological variables were collected. RESULTS 204 patients from 10 Internal or Geriatric Departments were included in the period September 2015-September 2017. They were assigned into two groups with and without anemia. According to this study, it seems that the following parameters : asthenia, dyspnea (NYHA stages III and IV), palpitations, chest pain, tachycardia, hypotension as well as confusion, falls, depression and MMSE showed no significant statistical difference between both groups in contrast to pallor, edema, albumin and ECG. CONCLUSION Clinical diagnosis of anemia in elderly individuals remains a challenge. It is difficult to establish a diagnostic protocol in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Zulfiqar
- Service de Médecine interne, Diabète et Maladies métaboliques, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, France
| | - N Lorenzo Villalba
- Service de Médecine interne, Diabète et Maladies métaboliques, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, France
| | - H Ben Malek
- Service de Médecine interne, Diabète et Maladies métaboliques, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, France
| | - T Vogel
- Service de Gériatrie et Médecine interne, CHU Strasbourg, France
| | - E Andres
- Service de Médecine interne, Diabète et Maladies métaboliques, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, France
| | - Group SiFMI
- Société Nationale Française de Médecine Interne
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Meyer F, Hekmat N, Vogel T, Omar A, Mansourzadeh S, Fobbe F, Hoffmann M, Wang Y, Saraceno CJ. Milliwatt-class broadband THz source driven by a 112 W, sub-100 fs thin-disk laser. Opt Express 2019; 27:30340-30349. [PMID: 31684282 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.030340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a high repetition-rate, single-cycle THz source with a maximum average power of 1.35 mW, operating at a center frequency of 2 THz. This result was obtained by optical rectification (OR) in GaP using an amplifier-free, nonlinearly compressed modelocked thin-disk oscillator based on Yb:YAG, delivering 8.4 µJ pulses with 88 fs duration at a repetition rate of 13.4 MHz, resulting in driving pulses for OR with 112 W average power and 80 MW peak power. To the best of our knowledge, our result represents the highest average power so far achieved with OR in GaP. The demonstrated performance is very attractive for improving current linear THz time-domain spectroscopy experiments, which are currently restricted by low signal-to-noise ratio and long measurement times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yavor Paunov
- Department of Consumer and Economic Psychology, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michaela Wänke
- Department of Consumer and Economic Psychology, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tobias Vogel
- Department of Consumer and Economic Psychology, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
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Heitz U, Papmeyer M, Studerus E, Egloff L, Ittig S, Andreou C, Vogel T, Borgwardt S, Graf M, Eckert A, Riecher-Rössler A. Plasma and serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels and their association with neurocognition in at-risk mental state, first episode psychosis and chronic schizophrenia patients. World J Biol Psychiatry 2019; 20:545-554. [PMID: 29938562 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2018.1462532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is involved in numerous cognitive processes. Since cognitive deficits are a core feature of psychotic disorders, the investigation of BDNF levels in psychosis and their correlation with cognition has received increased attention. However, there are no studies investigating BDNF levels in individuals with an at-risk mental state (ARMS) for psychosis. Hence, the aims of the present study were: (1) assessing peripheral BDNF levels across different (potential) stages of psychosis; (2) investigating their association with cognition.Methods: Plasma and serum BDNF levels and neuropsychological performance were assessed in 16 ARMS, six first-episode psychosis (FEP), and 11 chronic schizophrenia (CS) patients. Neuropsychological assessment covered intelligence, verbal memory, working memory, attention and executive functioning.Results: Both plasma and serum BDNF levels were highest in CS, intermediate in FEP and lowest in ARMS. Multiple regression analysis revealed a significant positive association of plasma BDNF levels with planning ability across all groups.Conclusions: The lower peripheral BDNF levels in ARMS compared to FEP and CS might point towards an important drop of this neurotrophin prior to the onset of frank psychosis. The associations of peripheral BDNF with planning-abilities match previous findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Heitz
- Center for Gender Research and Early Detection, University of Basel Psychiatric Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martina Papmeyer
- Center for Gender Research and Early Detection, University of Basel Psychiatric Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.,Rehabilitation Services and Care Unit, Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland
| | - Erich Studerus
- Center for Gender Research and Early Detection, University of Basel Psychiatric Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laura Egloff
- Center for Gender Research and Early Detection, University of Basel Psychiatric Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Ittig
- Center for Gender Research and Early Detection, University of Basel Psychiatric Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christina Andreou
- Center for Gender Research and Early Detection, University of Basel Psychiatric Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Vogel
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Basel Psychiatric Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Borgwardt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Basel Psychiatric Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marc Graf
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Basel Psychiatric Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anne Eckert
- Neurobiology Laboratory for Brain Aging and Mental Health, University of Basel Psychiatric Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anita Riecher-Rössler
- Center for Gender Research and Early Detection, University of Basel Psychiatric Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
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Abstract
If the distributions of two binary variables are skewed, people erroneously perceive a correlation even if the variables are actually uncorrelated. Specifically, people perceive a correlation between the variables' infrequent (vs. frequent) levels. While such systematic Illusory Correlations (ICs) can account for important phenomena, including erroneous stereotypes linking minority groups with infrequent attributes, the theoretical explanation is still a matter of debate. As proposed in the distinctiveness-based account, ICs arise due to a memory advantage for infrequent events. Alternatively, it has been proposed that ICs reflect ad hoc inferences from univariate base rates. In two experiments, we tested the accounts' predictions using a standard IC paradigm followed by (1) a contingency judgment task, asking participants to directly report contingencies, and (2) a trial-by-trial source assignment task of group membership and attribute. Bayesian-hierarchical model analysis revealed that ICs in contingency judgments were positively correlated to ad hoc inferences, but uncorrelated to exemplar memory in participants' source assignments. Moreover, inducing a focus on infrequent events improved memory for distinct events, but did not result in stronger ICs. Thus, our results support the explanation of ICs as ad hoc inferences from base rates, rather than a memory advantage for distinctive item combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M Ernst
- 1 Department of Educational Science, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Tobias Vogel
- 3 Department of Consumer and Economic Psychology, University of Mannheim, Germany
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Abstract
Court-mandated treatments imply a dual role for therapy providers not only of caring for, but also of having control over, involuntary clients. The impact of legal coercion on the therapeutic relationship and feelings of stigma is widely regarded as negative and detrimental for treatment outcomes. This point of view stands in contrast to advocates of the perspective that involuntary treatment can ameliorate social functioning and thus promote a better quality of life. Regarding other outcome measures, there is evidence that offender treatment is effective and leads to reduced recidivism in criminal behavior. This narrative review provides an overview of research assessing the effects of mandatory treatment on therapeutic process and outcome factors. We conclude that legal mandatory treatment does not have to necessarily result in perceived coercion and reduced satisfaction with treatment and that a caring and authoritative treatment style aids a favorable therapeutic alliance, motivation, and therapy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Hachtel
- Forensic Department, Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken (UPK) Basel, Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Vogel
- Forensic Department, Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken (UPK) Basel, Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian G. Huber
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken (UPK) Basel, Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The "magic triangle" in surgery and other disciplines consists of the demand for increasingly gentler forms of treatment, simultaneous cost reduction and the fundamental primacy of improving the quality of results. The digitalization of medicine offers a promising opportunity to do justice to this, also in the sense of "Surgery 4.0". The aim is to create a cognitive, collaborative diagnostics and treatment environment to support the surgeon. METHODS In the sense of a "theory building" for analysis and planning, process modeling is the cornerstone for modern treatment planning. The main distinction is made between the patient model and the treatment model. The course of the actual surgical treatment can also be modeled: in principle it is possible to describe the course of an operation in such fine detail that the surgical procedure can be mapped and reproduced down to each single step, such as a single implementation of forceps. Basically, this has already been achieved. So-called neural networks also open up completely new forms of knowledge acquisition, machine learning and flexible reaction to nearly all conceivable possibilities in highly complex processes. CONCLUSION "Digitalization" is a necessary development in surgery. It offers not only countless possibilities to support the surgeon in the field of activity but also the chance of more precise data acquisition with respect to academic surgery. Modeling is an indispensable part of this and must be rigorously implemented and further developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Vogel
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Chirurgie, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, München, Deutschland.
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Borne E, Meyer N, Rybarczyck-Vigouret MC, Blanchard O, Lombard M, Lang PO, Vogel T, Michel B. Prescriptions potentiellement inappropriées de statines chez les sujets âgés : analyse à partir des bases de données de l’Assurance maladie. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Aebischer Perone S, Nikolic R, Lazic R, Dropic E, Vogel T, Lab B, Lachat S, Hudelson P, Matis C, Pautex S, Chappuis F. Addressing the needs of terminally-ill patients in Bosnia-Herzegovina: patients' perceptions and expectations. BMC Palliat Care 2018; 17:123. [PMID: 30454032 PMCID: PMC6245800 DOI: 10.1186/s12904-018-0377-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many terminally ill patients in Bosnia-Herzegovina (BiH) fail to receive needed medical attention and social support. In 2016 a primary healthcare centreer (PHCC) in Doboj (BiH) requested the methodological and technical support of a local partner (Fondacija fami) and the Geneva University Hospitals to address the needs of terminally ill patients living at home. In order to design acceptable, affordable and sustainable solutions, we involved patients and their families in exploring needs, barriers and available resources. METHODS We conducted interviews with 62 purposely selected patients using a semi-structured interview guide designed to elicit patients' experiences, needs and expectations. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses were conducted, using an inductive thematic approach. RESULTS While patients were aware that their illnesses were incurable, they were poorly informed about medical and social support resources available to them. Family members appeared to be patients' main source of support, and often suffered from exhaustion and financial strain. Patients expressed feelings of helplessness and lack of control over their health. They wanted more support from health professionals for pain and other symptom management, as well as for anxiety and depression. Patients who were bedridden or with reduced mobility expressed strong feelings of loneliness, social exclusion, and stigma from community members and - occasionally - from health workers. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest a wide gap between patients' end-of-life care needs and existing services. In order to address the medical, psychological and social needs of terminally ill patients, a multi-pronged approach is called for, including not only better symptom management through training of health professionals and improved access to medication and equipment, but also a coordinated inter-professional, inter-institutional and multi-stakeholder effort aimed at offering comprehensive medical, psycho-social, educational and spiritual support.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Aebischer Perone
- Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 6, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - R Nikolic
- Primary Health Care Center, Dom zdravja Doboj, Nemanjina 18, 74000, Doboj, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - R Lazic
- Primary Health Care Center, Dom zdravja Doboj, Nemanjina 18, 74000, Doboj, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - E Dropic
- Fondacija fami, Kralja Aleksandra 52, 74000, Doboj, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - T Vogel
- Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Avenue de Beau-Séjour 22, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - B Lab
- Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Avenue de Beau-Séjour 22, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Lachat
- Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Avenue de Beau-Séjour 22, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - P Hudelson
- Transcultural consultation and interpretation, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211, Geneva 14, Switzerland
| | - C Matis
- Geriatrics and community palliative care unit, Geneva University Hospitals, Avenue Cardinal-Mermillod 36, 1227, Carouge, Switzerland
| | - S Pautex
- Geriatrics and community palliative care unit, Geneva University Hospitals, Avenue Cardinal-Mermillod 36, 1227, Carouge, Switzerland
| | - F Chappuis
- Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 6, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
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Ezov N, Nimrod A, Parizada B, Werber MM, Goldlust A, Greenstein LA, Vogel T, Drizlich N, Levanon A, Reich S, Gorecki M, Panet A. Recombinant Polypeptides Derived from the Fibrin Binding Domain of Fibronectin Are Potential Agents for the Imaging of Blood Clots. Thromb Haemost 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1656052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
SummaryThrombus formation in the circulation is accompanied by covalent linkage of fibronectin (FN) through transglutamination of glutamine no. 3 in the fibrin binding amino terminal domain (FBD) of FN. We have exploited this phenomenon for thrombus detection by the employment of radioactively-labelled recombinant polypeptide molecules derived from the 5-finger FBD of human FN. Three recombinant FBD polypeptides, 12 kDa (“2 fingers”), 18.5 kDa (“3 fingers”) and 31 kDa FBD (“5 fingers”), were prepared and compared to native FN-derived 31 kDa-FBD with respect to their ability to attach to fibrin clots in vitro and in vivo. The accessibility of Gln-3 in these molecules was demonstrated by the incorporation of stoichiometric amounts of 14C- putrescine in the presence of plasma transglutaminase. Competitive binding experiments to fibrin have indicated that, although the binding affinities of the FBD molecules are lower than that of FN, substantial covalent linkage was obtained in the presence of transglutaminase, and even in the presence of excess FN or heparin. The biological clearance rates of radioactively labelled FBD molecules in rats and rabbits were much higher than those of FN and fibrinogen, thus indicating their potential advantage for use as a diagnostic imaging tool. Of the three molecules, the 12 kDa FBD exhibited the highest rate of clearance. The potential of the 12 kDa and 31 kDa FBDs as imaging agents was examined in a stainless steel coil-induced thrombus model in rats and in a jugular vein thrombus model in rabbits, using either [125I] or [111ln]-labelled materials. At 24 h, clot-to-blood ratios ranged between 10 and 22 for [125I]-12 kDa FBD and 40 and 60 for [luIn]-12 kDa FBD. In the rat model, heparin did not inhibit the uptake of FBD. Taken together, the results indicate that recombinant 12 kDa FBD is a good candidate for the diagnosis of venous thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ezov
- Bio-Technology General, Rehovot, Israel
| | - A Nimrod
- Bio-Technology General, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | - T Vogel
- Bio-Technology General, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - A Levanon
- Bio-Technology General, Rehovot, Israel
| | - S Reich
- Bio-Technology General, Rehovot, Israel
| | - M Gorecki
- Bio-Technology General, Rehovot, Israel
| | - A Panet
- Bio-Technology General, Rehovot, Israel
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Andres E, Von Hunolstein J, Talha S, Khalil F, Bilbault P, Vogel T, Gény B, Roul G. Profile des patients admis pour décompensation cardiaque aiguë : rôle des internistes. Résultat préliminaires d’une étude prospective auprès de 157 patients. Rev Med Interne 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2018.03.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Abstract
Evaluative conditioning (EC), a change in liking of a stimulus due to its paired presentation with a positive or negative stimulus, is a key concept in attitude formation. The present article examines to what extent EC effects are moderated by Big Five personality. For this purpose, 567 participants completed an EC procedure and the Big Five Inventory. People high on neuroticism and agreeableness showed stronger EC effects than people low on those personality traits. In conclusion, attitude formation via EC depends in part on Big Five personality. This novel insight has important ramifications for EC research and personality research. As to EC research, the moderation by neuroticism suggests that EC effects intensify with an increased focus on valent stimuli. As to personality research, our findings reinforce the fundamental nature of the Big Five because they are evidentially able to moderate such basic learning phenomena as EC.
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Mourot-Cottet R, Keller O, Vogel T, Gottenberg J, Herbrecht R, Andres E. Neutropénie fébrile idiosyncrasique : étude de 76 observations. Rev Med Interne 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2017.10.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Andres E, Talha S, Roul G, Bilbault P, Vogel T. Insuffisance cardiaque : rôle des internistes dans la mise en place d’une filière dédiée à la prise en charge de cette affection. Étude de preuve de concept sur 157 patients. Rev Med Interne 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2017.10.391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Marx A, Hintze S, Sanda M, Jankovec J, Oulehle F, Dusek J, Vitvar T, Vogel T, van Geldern R, Barth JAC. Acid rain footprint three decades after peak deposition: Long-term recovery from pollutant sulphate in the Uhlirska catchment (Czech Republic). Sci Total Environ 2017; 598:1037-1049. [PMID: 28476077 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The granitic Uhlirska headwater catchment with a size of 1.78km2 is located in the Jizera Mountains in the northern Czech Republic and received among the highest inputs of anthropogenic acid depositions in Europe. An analysis of sulphate (SO42-) distribution in deposition, soil water, stream water and groundwater compartments allowed to establish a SO42- mass-balance (deposition input minus surface water export) and helped to evaluate which changes occurred since the last evaluation of the catchment in 1997. The determined SO42- concentrations decreased in the following order: wetland groundwater>groundwater from 20m below ground level (bgl)>groundwater from 30m bgl>stream water>groundwater from10m bgl>hillslope soil water>wetland soil water>bulk deposition with median values of 0.24, 0.21, 0.17, 0.15, 0.11, 0.07, 0.03 and 0.01mmolL-1, respectively. Our results show that average deposition reductions of 62% did not result in equal changes of the sulphate mass-balance, which changed by only 47%. This difference occurs because sulphate originates from internal sources such as the groundwater and soil water. The Uhlirska catchment is subject to delayed recovery from anthropogenic acid depositions and remains a net source of stored sulphur even after three decades of declining inputs. The wetland groundwater and soil water provide environmental memories of legacy pollutant sulphate. Elevated stream water sulphate concentrations after the unusually dry summer 2015 imply importance of weather and climate patterns for future recovery from acidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Marx
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Department of Geography and Geosciences, GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Schlossgarten 5, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - S Hintze
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Department of Geography and Geosciences, GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Schlossgarten 5, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Université de Neuchâtel, Centre d'Hydrogéologie et de Géothermie (CHYN), Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000 Neuchâtel, Suisse
| | - M Sanda
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Thakurova 7, 166 29 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Jankovec
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Thakurova 7, 166 29 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - F Oulehle
- Czech Geological Survey, Department of Environmental Geochemistry and Biogeochemistry, Klárov 3, 118 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Dusek
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Thakurova 7, 166 29 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - T Vitvar
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Thakurova 7, 166 29 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - T Vogel
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Thakurova 7, 166 29 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - R van Geldern
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Department of Geography and Geosciences, GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Schlossgarten 5, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - J A C Barth
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Department of Geography and Geosciences, GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Schlossgarten 5, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Vogel T, Carr EW, Davis T, Winkielman P. Category structure determines the relative attractiveness of global versus local averages. J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn 2017; 44:250-267. [PMID: 28933894 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0000446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Stimuli that capture the central tendency of presented exemplars are often preferred-a phenomenon also known as the classic beauty-in-averageness effect. However, recent studies have shown that this effect can reverse under certain conditions. We propose that a key variable for such ugliness-in-averageness effects is the category structure of the presented exemplars. When exemplars cluster into multiple subcategories, the global average should no longer reflect the underlying stimulus distributions, and will thereby become unattractive. In contrast, the subcategory averages (i.e., local averages) should better reflect the stimulus distributions, and become more attractive. In 3 studies, we presented participants with dot patterns belonging to 2 different subcategories. Importantly, across studies, we also manipulated the distinctiveness of the subcategories. We found that participants preferred the local averages over the global average when they first learned to classify the patterns into 2 different subcategories in a contrastive categorization paradigm (Experiment 1). Moreover, participants still preferred local averages when first classifying patterns into a single category (Experiment 2) or when not classifying patterns at all during incidental learning (Experiment 3), as long as the subcategories were sufficiently distinct. Finally, as a proof-of-concept, we mapped our empirical results onto predictions generated by a well-known computational model of category learning (the Generalized Context Model [GCM]). Overall, our findings emphasize the key role of categorization for understanding the nature of preferences, including any effects that emerge from stimulus averaging. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Vogel
- Department of Psychology, University of Mannheim
| | - Evan W Carr
- Columbia Business School, Columbia University
| | - Tyler Davis
- Department of Psychological Science, Texas Tech University
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Vogel T, Kutzner F. Pseudocontingencies in Consumer Choice: Preference for Prevalent Product Categories Decreases with Decreasing Set Quality. J Behav Dec Making 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/bdm.2034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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