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Amitonova LV. Multimode fiber endoscopes for computational brain imaging. Neurophotonics 2024; 11:S11509. [PMID: 38450327 PMCID: PMC10917391 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.11.s1.s11509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Advances in imaging tools have always been a pivotal driver for new discoveries in neuroscience. An ability to visualize neurons and subcellular structures deep within the brain of a freely behaving animal is integral to our understanding of the relationship between neural activity and higher cognitive functions. However, fast high-resolution imaging is limited to sub-surface brain regions and generally requires head fixation of the animal under the microscope. Developing new approaches to address these challenges is critical. The last decades have seen rapid progress in minimally invasive endo-microscopy techniques based on bare optical fibers. A single multimode fiber can be used to penetrate deep into the brain without causing significant damage to the overlying structures and provide high-resolution imaging. Here, we discuss how the full potential of high-speed super-resolution fiber endoscopy can be realized by a holistic approach that combines fiber optics, light shaping, and advanced computational algorithms. The recent progress opens up new avenues for minimally invasive deep brain studies in freely behaving mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyubov V. Amitonova
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Advanced Research Center for Nanolithography, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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2
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Gastaldi D, Canonico F, Merlo V, Magli F. Clinker based on calcium looped meals from the Cleanker Project. J Microsc 2024; 294:90-104. [PMID: 37932899 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.13243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
The Cleanker (CLEAN clinKER production by Calcium Looping process) project, financed in the framework of Horizon 2020 EU funding program, has demonstrated the feasibility of the integrated CaL concept at industrial scale in a new demo system realised in the Buzzi Unicem cement plant in Vernasca (IT). The Calcium Looping (CaL) CO2 capture process exploits the reversible reaction of limestone calcination/carbonation (CaCO3 ↔ CaO + CO2). The Cleanker pilot plant consists of the coupling of a carbonator and an oxyfuel calciner. When the flue gases from kiln (containing CO2) flow through the carbonator together with calcined meal, which acts as a CO2 sorbent, carbonation takes place and CO2 is fixed in calcium carbonate. CaO is then regenerated in the calciner, where the opposite reaction takes place, and the captured CO2 is released. When the lime/limestone looping is carried out through a carbonator and a calciner operated in oxyfuel, a concentrated CO2 stream is obtained that can be efficiently addressed towards CCS or CCUS processes. In the Cleanker Project, the possibility to use raw meal for clinker production has been exploited and the meals sampled at the outlet of the oxyfuel calciner have been characterised and used for producing clinker at a lab scale. Calcium looped (CaL) meals collected at different sampling point during the operation of the CaL plant were characterised by means of X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and particle size distribution. Electron scanning microscopy revealed significant differences in the surface of particles of the looped meals with respect to the original one, resulting from the loading and unloading of CO2 during the looping cycles. The meals were burnt in a laboratory furnace and the obtained clinkers have been characterised on a chemical, mineralogical and microscopical point of view, revealing the good burnability of all the meals and attesting the possibility to reintegrate the materials in the clinker production process. A lower alite/belite ratio in the clinker produced from the looped meals was observed: actually, the depletion of calcium during the recirculation of the meal in the calciner/carbonator system led to a reduction of the lime saturation factor influencing the mineralogical composition of the product.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fulvio Canonico
- Built - Buzzi Innovation Lab and Technology, Vercelli, Italy
| | - Valentino Merlo
- Built - Buzzi Innovation Lab and Technology, Vercelli, Italy
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3
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Motoyama M. In situ microscopy techniques for understanding Li plating and stripping in solid-state batteries. Microscopy (Oxf) 2024; 73:184-195. [PMID: 38050331 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfad058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid-state batteries have potential to realize a rechargeable Li-metal anode. However, several challenges persist in the charging and discharging processes of the Li-metal anode, which require a fundamental understanding of Li plating and stripping across the interface of solid-state electrolytes (SEs) to address. This review overviews studies on Li-metal anodes in solid-state batteries using in situ observation techniques with an emphasis on Li electrodeposition and dissolution using scanning electron microscopy and SEs such as lithium phosphorus oxynitride and garnet-type compounds such as Li7La3Zr2O12. The previous research is categorized into three topics: (i) Li nucleation, growth and dissolution at the anode-free interface, (ii) electrochemical reduction of SE and (iii) short-circuit phenomena in SE. The current trends of each topic are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munekazu Motoyama
- Kyushu University Platform of Inter-/Transdisciplinary Energy Research, Kyushu University, 6-1, Kasuga-koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
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López-Velázquez JG, Barraza-López FJ, Vega-García MO, López-López ME, Gutiérrez-Dorado R, Chaidez-Gastelum DC, Ayón-Reyna LE. Microstructural and physicochemical quality maintenance in green bell pepper infected with Botrytis cinerea and treated with thyme essential oil combined with carnauba wax. J Food Sci 2024. [PMID: 38557930 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.17041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Bell pepper presents rapid weight loss and is highly susceptible to gray mold caused by the fungus Botrytis cinerea. The most employed method to control this disease is the application of synthetic fungicides such as thiabendazole (TBZ); however, its continued use causes resistance in fungi as well as environmental problems. For these reasons, natural alternatives arise as a more striking option. Currently, bell pepper fruits are coated with carnauba wax (CW) to prevent weight loss and improve appearance. Moreover, CW can be used as a carrier to incorporate essential oils, and previous studies have shown that thyme essential oil (TEO) is highly effective against B. cinerea. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of CW combined with TEO on the development of gray mold and maintenance of microestructural and postharvest quality in bell pepper stored at 13°C. The minimal inhibitory concentration of TEO was 0.5%. TEO and TBZ provoked the leakage of intracellular components. TEO and CW + TEO treatments were equally effective to inhibit the development of gray mold. On the quality parameters, firmness and weight loss were ameliorated with CW and CW + TEO treatments; whereas lightness increased in these treatments. The structural analysis showed that CW + TEO treatment maintained the cell structure reducing the apparition of deformities. The results suggest that CW + TEO treatment could be used as a natural and effective antifungal retarding the appearance of gray mold and maintaining the postharvest quality of bell pepper. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: CW and TEO are classified as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). This combination can be employed on the bell pepper packaging system to extend shelf life and oppose gray mold developments. Bell pepper fruits are normally coated with lipid-base coatings such as CW before commercialization; therefore, TEO addition would represent a small investment without any changes on the packaging system infrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi G López-Velázquez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Cd. Universitaria, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Francisco J Barraza-López
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Cd. Universitaria, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Misael O Vega-García
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Cd. Universitaria, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | | | - Roberto Gutiérrez-Dorado
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Cd. Universitaria, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Diana C Chaidez-Gastelum
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Cd. Universitaria, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Lidia E Ayón-Reyna
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Cd. Universitaria, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
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Niculescu F, Pencea I, Iacob G, Ghiţă M, Stănescu MM, Petrescu MI, Niculescu EL, Buţu M, Stăncel CD, Şerban N, Şolea RM, Ilie AA. Thermodynamic Assessment of Molten Bi x-Sn 1-x (x = 0.1 to 0.9) Alloys and Microstructural Characterization of Some Bi-Sn Solder Alloys. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:1579. [PMID: 38612093 PMCID: PMC11012656 DOI: 10.3390/ma17071579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Properties such as lower melting temperature, good tensile strength, good reliability, and well creep resistance, together with low production cost, make the system Bi-Sn an ideal candidate for fine soldering in applications such as reballing or reflow. The first objective of the work was to determine the thermodynamic quantities of Bi and Sn using the electromotive force measurement method in an electrolytic cell (Gibbs' enthalpies of the mixture, integral molar entropies, and the integral molar excess entropies were determined) at temperatures of 600 K and 903 K. The second objective addressed is the comprehensive characterization of three alloy compositions that were selected and elaborated, namely Bi25Sn75, Bi50Sn50, and Bi75Sn25, and morphological and structural investigations were carried out on them. Optical microscopy and SEM-EDS characterization revealed significant changes in the structure of the elaborated alloys, with all phases being uniformly distributed in the Bi50Sn50 and Bi75Sn25 alloys. These observations were confirmed by XRD and EDP-XRFS analyses. Diffractometric analysis reveals the prevalence of metallic Bi and traces of Sn, the formation of the Sn0.3Bi0.7, Sn0.95Bi0.05 compounds, and SnO and SnO2 phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florentina Niculescu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, J Building, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (F.N.); (I.P.); (M.-I.P.); (E.-L.N.); (M.B.); (C.-D.S.); (N.Ş.); (R.-M.Ş.); (A.-A.I.)
| | - Ion Pencea
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, J Building, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (F.N.); (I.P.); (M.-I.P.); (E.-L.N.); (M.B.); (C.-D.S.); (N.Ş.); (R.-M.Ş.); (A.-A.I.)
| | - Gheorghe Iacob
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, J Building, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (F.N.); (I.P.); (M.-I.P.); (E.-L.N.); (M.B.); (C.-D.S.); (N.Ş.); (R.-M.Ş.); (A.-A.I.)
| | - Mihai Ghiţă
- National R&D Institute for Non-Ferrous and Rare Metals—IMNR, 102 Biruintei, 077145 Pantelimon, Romania
| | - Mariana-Mirela Stănescu
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, J Building, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Mircea-Ionuţ Petrescu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, J Building, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (F.N.); (I.P.); (M.-I.P.); (E.-L.N.); (M.B.); (C.-D.S.); (N.Ş.); (R.-M.Ş.); (A.-A.I.)
| | - Emanuel-Laurenţiu Niculescu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, J Building, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (F.N.); (I.P.); (M.-I.P.); (E.-L.N.); (M.B.); (C.-D.S.); (N.Ş.); (R.-M.Ş.); (A.-A.I.)
| | - Mihai Buţu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, J Building, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (F.N.); (I.P.); (M.-I.P.); (E.-L.N.); (M.B.); (C.-D.S.); (N.Ş.); (R.-M.Ş.); (A.-A.I.)
| | - Constantin-Domenic Stăncel
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, J Building, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (F.N.); (I.P.); (M.-I.P.); (E.-L.N.); (M.B.); (C.-D.S.); (N.Ş.); (R.-M.Ş.); (A.-A.I.)
| | - Nicolae Şerban
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, J Building, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (F.N.); (I.P.); (M.-I.P.); (E.-L.N.); (M.B.); (C.-D.S.); (N.Ş.); (R.-M.Ş.); (A.-A.I.)
| | - Roxana-Marina Şolea
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, J Building, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (F.N.); (I.P.); (M.-I.P.); (E.-L.N.); (M.B.); (C.-D.S.); (N.Ş.); (R.-M.Ş.); (A.-A.I.)
| | - Andrei-Alexandru Ilie
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, J Building, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (F.N.); (I.P.); (M.-I.P.); (E.-L.N.); (M.B.); (C.-D.S.); (N.Ş.); (R.-M.Ş.); (A.-A.I.)
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6
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Girolami M, Bosi M, Pettinato S, Ferrari C, Lolli R, Seravalli L, Serpente V, Mastellone M, Trucchi DM, Fornari R. Structural and Photoelectronic Properties of κ-Ga 2O 3 Thin Films Grown on Polycrystalline Diamond Substrates. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:519. [PMID: 38276458 PMCID: PMC10820879 DOI: 10.3390/ma17020519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Orthorhombic κ-Ga2O3 thin films were grown for the first time on polycrystalline diamond free-standing substrates by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy at a temperature of 650 °C. Structural, morphological, electrical, and photoelectronic properties of the obtained heterostructures were evaluated by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, current-voltage measurements, and spectral photoconductivity, respectively. Results show that a very slow cooling, performed at low pressure (100 mbar) under a controlled He flow soon after the growth process, is mandatory to improve the quality of the κ-Ga2O3 epitaxial thin film, ensuring a good adhesion to the diamond substrate, an optimal morphology, and a lower density of electrically active defects. This paves the way for the future development of novel hybrid architectures for UV and ionizing radiation detection, exploiting the unique features of gallium oxide and diamond as wide-bandgap semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Girolami
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISM–CNR), Sede Secondaria di Montelibretti, DiaTHEMA Lab, Strada Provinciale 35D, 9, 00010 Roma, Italy; (S.P.); (V.S.); (D.M.T.)
| | - Matteo Bosi
- Istituto dei Materiali per l’Elettronica e il Magnetismo, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IMEM–CNR), Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (M.B.); (C.F.); (R.L.); (L.S.); (R.F.)
| | - Sara Pettinato
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISM–CNR), Sede Secondaria di Montelibretti, DiaTHEMA Lab, Strada Provinciale 35D, 9, 00010 Roma, Italy; (S.P.); (V.S.); (D.M.T.)
- Faculty of Engineering, Università degli Studi Niccolò Cusano, Via Don Carlo Gnocchi 3, 00166 Roma, Italy
| | - Claudio Ferrari
- Istituto dei Materiali per l’Elettronica e il Magnetismo, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IMEM–CNR), Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (M.B.); (C.F.); (R.L.); (L.S.); (R.F.)
| | - Riccardo Lolli
- Istituto dei Materiali per l’Elettronica e il Magnetismo, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IMEM–CNR), Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (M.B.); (C.F.); (R.L.); (L.S.); (R.F.)
- Department of Physics and Earth Science, Università di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luca Seravalli
- Istituto dei Materiali per l’Elettronica e il Magnetismo, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IMEM–CNR), Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (M.B.); (C.F.); (R.L.); (L.S.); (R.F.)
| | - Valerio Serpente
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISM–CNR), Sede Secondaria di Montelibretti, DiaTHEMA Lab, Strada Provinciale 35D, 9, 00010 Roma, Italy; (S.P.); (V.S.); (D.M.T.)
| | - Matteo Mastellone
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISM–CNR), Sede Secondaria di Montelibretti, DiaTHEMA Lab, Strada Provinciale 35D, 9, 00010 Roma, Italy; (S.P.); (V.S.); (D.M.T.)
| | - Daniele M. Trucchi
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISM–CNR), Sede Secondaria di Montelibretti, DiaTHEMA Lab, Strada Provinciale 35D, 9, 00010 Roma, Italy; (S.P.); (V.S.); (D.M.T.)
| | - Roberto Fornari
- Istituto dei Materiali per l’Elettronica e il Magnetismo, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IMEM–CNR), Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (M.B.); (C.F.); (R.L.); (L.S.); (R.F.)
- Department of Mathematical, Physical and Computer Sciences, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 7/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
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Qian N, Gao X, Lang X, Deng H, Bratu TM, Chen Q, Stapleton P, Yan B, Min W. Rapid single-particle chemical imaging of nanoplastics by SRS microscopy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2300582121. [PMID: 38190543 PMCID: PMC10801917 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2300582121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Plastics are now omnipresent in our daily lives. The existence of microplastics (1 µm to 5 mm in length) and possibly even nanoplastics (<1 μm) has recently raised health concerns. In particular, nanoplastics are believed to be more toxic since their smaller size renders them much more amenable, compared to microplastics, to enter the human body. However, detecting nanoplastics imposes tremendous analytical challenges on both the nano-level sensitivity and the plastic-identifying specificity, leading to a knowledge gap in this mysterious nanoworld surrounding us. To address these challenges, we developed a hyperspectral stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) imaging platform with an automated plastic identification algorithm that allows micro-nano plastic analysis at the single-particle level with high chemical specificity and throughput. We first validated the sensitivity enhancement of the narrow band of SRS to enable high-speed single nanoplastic detection below 100 nm. We then devised a data-driven spectral matching algorithm to address spectral identification challenges imposed by sensitive narrow-band hyperspectral imaging and achieve robust determination of common plastic polymers. With the established technique, we studied the micro-nano plastics from bottled water as a model system. We successfully detected and identified nanoplastics from major plastic types. Micro-nano plastics concentrations were estimated to be about 2.4 ± 1.3 × 105 particles per liter of bottled water, about 90% of which are nanoplastics. This is orders of magnitude more than the microplastic abundance reported previously in bottled water. High-throughput single-particle counting revealed extraordinary particle heterogeneity and nonorthogonality between plastic composition and morphologies; the resulting multidimensional profiling sheds light on the science of nanoplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naixin Qian
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY10027
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY10027
| | - Xiaoqi Lang
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY10027
| | - Huiping Deng
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY10964
| | | | - Qixuan Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY10032
| | - Phoebe Stapleton
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ08854
| | - Beizhan Yan
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY10964
| | - Wei Min
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY10027
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY10027
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8
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Gupta P, Rai N, Verma A, Gautam V. Microscopy based methods for characterization, drug delivery, and understanding the dynamics of nanoparticles. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:138-168. [PMID: 37294298 DOI: 10.1002/med.21981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanomedicine is an emerging field that exploits nanotechnology for the development of novel therapeutic and diagnostic modalities. Researches are been focussed in nanoimaging to develop noninvasive, highly sensitive, and reliable tools for diagnosis and visualization in nanomedical field. The application of nanomedicine in healthcare requires in-depth understanding of their structural, physical and morphological properties, internalization inside living system, biodistribution and localization, stability, mode of action and possible toxic health effects. Microscopic techniques including fluorescence-based confocal laser scanning microscopy, super-resolution fluorescence microscopy and multiphoton microscopy; optical-based Raman microscopy, photoacoustic microscopy and optical coherence tomography; photothermal microscopy; electron microscopy (transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscope); atomic force microscopy; X-ray microscopy and, correlative multimodal imaging are recognized as an indispensable tool in material research and aided in numerous discoveries. Microscopy holds great promise in detecting the fundamental structures of nanoparticles (NPs) that determines their performance and applications. Moreover, the intricate details that allows assessment of chemical composition, surface topology and interfacial properties, molecular, microstructure, and micromechanical properties are also elucidated. With plethora of applications, microscopy-based techniques have been used to characterize novel NPs alongwith their proficient designing and adoption of safe strategies to be exploited in nanomedicine. Consequently, microscopic techniques have been extensively used in the characterization of fabricated NPs, and their biomedical application in diagnostics and therapeutics. The present review provides an overview of the microscopy-based techniques for in vitro and in vivo application in nanomedical investigation alongwith their challenges and advancement to meet the limitations of conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyamvada Gupta
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nilesh Rai
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashish Verma
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vibhav Gautam
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Rooney LM, Dupuy LX, Hoskisson PA, McConnell G. Construction and characterisation of a structured, tuneable, and transparent 3D culture platform for soil bacteria. Microbiology (Reading) 2024; 170:001429. [PMID: 38289644 PMCID: PMC10866023 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
We have developed a tuneable workflow for the study of soil microbes in an imitative 3D soil environment that is compatible with routine and advanced optical imaging, is chemically customisable, and is reliably refractive index matched based on the carbon catabolism of the study organism. We demonstrate our transparent soil pipeline with two representative soil organisms, Bacillus subtilis and Streptomyces coelicolor, and visualise their colonisation behaviours using fluorescence microscopy and mesoscopy. This spatially structured, 3D approach to microbial culture has the potential to further study the behaviour of bacteria in conditions matching their native environment and could be expanded to study microbial interactions, such as competition and warfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam M. Rooney
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Lionel X. Dupuy
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
- Present address: Department of Conservation of Natural Resources, Neiker, Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Derio, Spain
- Present address: Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Paul A. Hoskisson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Gail McConnell
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
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10
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Marchese A, Ricci P, Saggau P, Duocastella M. Scan-less microscopy based on acousto-optic encoded illumination. Nanophotonics 2024; 13:63-73. [PMID: 38235070 PMCID: PMC10790963 DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2023-0616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Several optical microscopy methods are now available for characterizing scientific and industrial processes at sub-micron resolution. However, they are often ill-suited for imaging rapid events. Limited by the trade-off between camera frame-rate and sensitivity, or the need for mechanical scanning, current microscopes are optimized for imaging at hundreds of frames-per-second (fps), well-below what is needed in processes such as neuronal signaling or moving parts in manufacturing lines. Here, we present a scan-less technology that allows sub-micrometric imaging at thousands of fps. It is based on combining a single-pixel camera with parallelized encoded illumination. We use two acousto-optic deflectors (AODs) placed in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer and drive them simultaneously with multiple and unique acoustic frequencies. As a result, orthogonal light stripes are obtained that interfere with the sample plane, forming a two-dimensional array of flickering spots - each with its modulation frequency. The light from the sample is collected with a single photodiode that, after spectrum analysis, allows for image reconstruction at speeds only limited by the AOD's bandwidth and laser power. We describe the working principle of our approach, characterize its imaging performance as a function of the number of pixels - up to 400 × 400 - and characterize dynamic events at 5000 fps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Marchese
- Department of Applied Physics, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès, 1, 08028Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pietro Ricci
- Department of Applied Physics, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès, 1, 08028Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peter Saggau
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, S640, 77030Houston, TX, USA
| | - Martí Duocastella
- Department of Applied Physics, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès, 1, 08028Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Katoh TA, Fukai YT, Ishibashi T. Optical microscopic imaging, manipulation, and analysis methods for morphogenesis research. Microscopy (Oxf) 2023:dfad059. [PMID: 38102756 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfad059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Morphogenesis is a developmental process that shapes multicellular organisms through complex and cooperative cellular movements. To understand the complex interplay between genetic programs and resulting multicellular morphogenesis, it is essential to characterize the morphologies and dynamics at the single-cell level, with an understanding of how physical forces serve as both signaling components and driving forces of tissue deformations. In recent years, advances in microscopy techniques have led to improvements in imaging speed, resolution, and depth. Concurrently, the development of various software packages has supported large-scale, single-cell-level analyses of challenging images. Although these tools have accelerated comprehensive examination of single-cell-level dynamics and mechanical processes during morphogenesis, sophisticated integration requires further expertise. With this background, this review provides a practical overview of those techniques. First, we introduce microscopic techniques for multicellular imaging and image analysis software tools, with a focus on cell segmentation and tracking. Second, we provide an overview of cutting-edge techniques for mechanical manipulation of cells and tissues. Finally, we introduce recent findings on morphogenetic mechanisms and mechanosensations that were achieved by effectively combining microscopy, image analysis tools, and mechanical manipulation techniques. Mini-abstract In this review, we introduce multicellular imaging and image analysis tools. We also provide an overview of state-of-the-art techniques for mechanical manipulations of cells and tissues and give examples of how the combination of these tools and techniques has contributed to elucidating the mechanobiological aspect underlying morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanobu A Katoh
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yohsuke T Fukai
- Nonequilibrium Physics of Living Matter RIKEN Hakubi Research Team, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Tomoki Ishibashi
- Laboratory for Physical Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
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12
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Koudounas P, Koniaris E, Manolis I, Asvestas P, Kostopoulos S, Cavouras D, Glotsos D. An Experimental Platform for Tomographic Reconstruction of Tissue Images in Brightfield Microscopy. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:9344. [PMID: 38067718 PMCID: PMC10708601 DOI: 10.3390/s23239344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Reviewing biological material under the microscope is a demanding and time-consuming process, prone to diagnostic pitfalls. In this study, a methodology for tomographic imaging of tissue sections is presented, relying on the idea that each tissue sample has a finite thickness and, therefore, it is possible to create images at different levels within the sample, revealing details that would probably not be seen otherwise. (2) Methods: Optical slicing was possible by developing a custom-made microscopy stage controlled by an ARDUINO. The custom-made stage, besides the normal sample movements that it should provide along the x-, y-, and z- axes, may additionally rotate the sample around the horizontal axis of the microscope slide. This rotation allows the conversion of the optical microscope into a CT geometry, enabling optical slicing of the sample using projection-based tomographic reconstruction algorithms. (3) Results: The resulting images were of satisfactory quality, but they exhibited some artifacts, which are particularly evident in the axial plane images. (4) Conclusions: Using classical tomographic reconstruction algorithms at limited angles, it is possible to investigate the sample at any desired optical plane, revealing information that would be difficult to identify when focusing only on the conventional 2D images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panteleimon Koudounas
- Medical Image and Signal Processing Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of West Attica, Egaleo, 12243 Athens, Greece; (P.K.); (P.A.); (S.K.)
| | - Efthymios Koniaris
- Department of Pathology, Hippocration General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.K.); (I.M.)
| | - Ioannis Manolis
- Department of Pathology, Hippocration General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.K.); (I.M.)
| | - Panteleimon Asvestas
- Medical Image and Signal Processing Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of West Attica, Egaleo, 12243 Athens, Greece; (P.K.); (P.A.); (S.K.)
| | - Spiros Kostopoulos
- Medical Image and Signal Processing Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of West Attica, Egaleo, 12243 Athens, Greece; (P.K.); (P.A.); (S.K.)
| | - Dionisis Cavouras
- Medical Image and Signal Processing Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of West Attica, Egaleo, 12243 Athens, Greece; (P.K.); (P.A.); (S.K.)
| | - Dimitris Glotsos
- Medical Image and Signal Processing Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of West Attica, Egaleo, 12243 Athens, Greece; (P.K.); (P.A.); (S.K.)
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13
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Bernad SI, Socoliuc V, Craciunescu I, Turcu R, Bernad ES. Field-Induced Agglomerations of Polyethylene-Glycol-Functionalized Nanoclusters: Rheological Behaviour and Optical Microscopy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2612. [PMID: 38004590 PMCID: PMC10675764 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15112612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This research aims to investigate the agglomeration processes of magnetoresponsive functionalized nanocluster suspensions in a magnetic field, as well as how these structures impact the behaviour of these suspensions in biomedical applications. The synthesis, shape, colloidal stability, and magnetic characteristics of PEG-functionalized nanoclusters are described in this paper. Experiments using TEM, XPS, dynamic light scattering (DLS), VSM, and optical microscopy were performed to study chain-like agglomeration production and its influence on colloidal behaviour in physiologically relevant suspensions. The applied magnetic field aligns the magnetic moments of the nanoclusters. It provides an attraction between neighbouring particles, resulting in the formation of chains, linear aggregates, or agglomerates of clusters aligned along the applied field direction. Optical microscopy has been used to observe the creation of these aligned linear formations. The design of chain-like structures can cause considerable changes in the characteristics of ferrofluids, ranging from rheological differences to colloidal stability changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandor I. Bernad
- Centre for Fundamental and Advanced Technical Research, Romanian Academy—Timisoara Branch, Mihai Viteazul Str. 24, RO-300223 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Vlad Socoliuc
- Centre for Fundamental and Advanced Technical Research, Romanian Academy—Timisoara Branch, Mihai Viteazul Str. 24, RO-300223 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Izabell Craciunescu
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies (INCDTIM), Donat Str. 67-103, RO-400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.C.); (R.T.)
| | - Rodica Turcu
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies (INCDTIM), Donat Str. 67-103, RO-400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.C.); (R.T.)
| | - Elena S. Bernad
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes” Timisoara, P-ta Eftimie Murgu 2, RO-300041 Timisoara, Romania;
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14
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Kettmayer C, Gratton E, Estrada LC. Comparison of MSD analysis from single particle tracking with MSD from images. Getting the best of both worlds. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2023; 12:015001. [PMID: 37751748 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/acfd7e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence microscopy can provide valuable information about cell interior dynamics. Particularly, mean squared displacement (MSD) analysis is widely used to characterize proteins and sub-cellular structures' mobility providing the laws of molecular diffusion. The MSD curve is traditionally extracted from individual trajectories recorded by single-particle tracking-based techniques. More recently, image correlation methods like iMSD have been shown capable of providing averaged dynamic information directly from images, without the need for isolation and localization of individual particles. iMSD is a powerful technique that has been successfully applied to many different biological problems, over a wide spatial and temporal scales. The aim of this work is to review and compare these two well-established methodologies and their performance in different situations, to give an insight on how to make the most out of their unique characteristics. We show the analysis of the same datasets by the two methods. Regardless of the experimental differences in the input data for MSD or iMSD analysis, our results show that the two approaches can address equivalent questions for free diffusing systems. We focused on studying a range of diffusion coefficients between D = 0.001μm2s-1and D = 0.1μm2s-1, where we verified that the equivalence is maintained even for the case of isolated particles. This opens new opportunities for studying intracellular dynamics using equipment commonly available in any biophysical laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanza Kettmayer
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Física. Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires (IFIBA). Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Enrico Gratton
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Laura C Estrada
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Física. Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires (IFIBA). Buenos Aires, Argentina
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15
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He W, Chu KL, Abualnaja F, Jones M, Durrani Z. Dark-field optical fault inspection of ∼10 nm scale room-temperature silicon single-electron transistors. Nanotechnology 2023; 34. [PMID: 37725966 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acfb10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Dark-field (DF) optical microscopy, combined with optical simulation based on modal diffraction theory for transverse electric polarized white light, is shown to provide non-invasive, sub-wavelength geometrical information for nanoscale etched device structures. Room temperature (RT) single electron transistors (SETs) in silicon, defined using etched ∼10 nm point-contacts (PCs) and in-plane side gates, are investigated to enable fabrication fault detection. Devices are inspected using scanning electron microscopy, bright-field (BF) and DF imaging. Compared to BF, DF imaging enhances contrast from edge diffraction by ×3.5. Sub-wavelength features in the RT SET structure lead to diffraction peaks in the DF intensity patterns, creating signatures for device geometry. These features are investigated using a DF line scan optical simulation approximation of the experimental results. Dark field imaging and simulation are applied to three types of structures, comprising successfully-fabricated, over-etched and interconnected PC/gate devices. Each structure can be identified via DF signatures, providing a non-invasive fault detection method to investigate etched nanodevice morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkun He
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Kai-Lin Chu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Faris Abualnaja
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Mervyn Jones
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Zahid Durrani
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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16
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Li R, Makogon A, Galochkina T, Lemineur JF, Kanoufi F, Shkirskiy V. Unsupervised Analysis of Optical Imaging Data for the Discovery of Reactivity Patterns in Metal Alloy. Small Methods 2023; 7:e2300214. [PMID: 37382395 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Operando wide-field optical microscopy imaging yields a wealth of information about the reactivity of metal interfaces, yet the data are often unstructured and challenging to process. In this study, the power of unsupervised machine learning (ML) algorithms is harnessed to analyze chemical reactivity images obtained dynamically by reflectivity microscopy in combination with ex situ scanning electron microscopy to identify and cluster the chemical reactivity of particles in Al alloy. The ML analysis uncovers three distinct clusters of reactivity from unlabeled datasets. A detailed examination of representative reactivity patterns confirms the chemical communication of generated OH- fluxes within particles, as supported by statistical analysis of size distribution and finite element modelling (FEM). The ML procedures also reveal statistically significant patterns of reactivity under dynamic conditions, such as pH acidification. The results align well with a numerical model of chemical communication, underscoring the synergy between data-driven ML and physics-driven FEM approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Université Paris Cité, ITODYS, CNRS, Paris, 75013, France
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17
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Perinelli DR, Cambriani A, Antognini G, Agostinacchio G, Marliani A, Cespi M, Torregiani E, Bonacucina G. Quantification of Squalene and Lactic Acid in Hair Bulbs with Damaged Sheaths: Are They Metabolic Wastes in Alopecia? Biomedicines 2023; 11:2493. [PMID: 37760935 PMCID: PMC10525989 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alopecia is a pathological and multifactorial condition characterised by an altered hair growth cycle and ascribed to different pathogenic causes. Cell energetic imbalances in hair follicles occurring in this disorder could lead to the production of some "metabolic wastes", including squalene and lactic acid, which could be involved in the clinically observed sheath damage. The aim of this work was the extraction and analytical quantification of squalene and lactic acid from hair bulbs of subjects with clinical alopecia in comparison with controls, using HPLC-DAD and HPLC-MS techniques. The analytical quantification was performed after a preliminary observation through a polarised optical microscope to assess sheath damage and morphological alterations in the cases group. A significantly larger amount of squalene was quantified only in subjects affected by alopecia (n = 31) and with evident damage to hair sheaths. For lactic acid, no statistically significant differences were found between cases (n = 21) and controls (n = 21) under the experimental conditions used. Therefore, the obtained results suggest that squalene can represent a metabolic and a pathogenic marker for some alopecia conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Romano Perinelli
- Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (D.R.P.); (A.C.); (G.B.)
| | - Alessandra Cambriani
- Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (D.R.P.); (A.C.); (G.B.)
| | - Gianluigi Antognini
- S.I.Tri.—Italian Society for Hair Science and Restoration, Via San Domenico 107, 50133 Florence, Italy; (G.A.); (G.A.)
| | - Gaetano Agostinacchio
- S.I.Tri.—Italian Society for Hair Science and Restoration, Via San Domenico 107, 50133 Florence, Italy; (G.A.); (G.A.)
| | - Andrea Marliani
- S.I.Tri.—Italian Society for Hair Science and Restoration, Via San Domenico 107, 50133 Florence, Italy; (G.A.); (G.A.)
| | - Marco Cespi
- Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (D.R.P.); (A.C.); (G.B.)
| | - Elisabetta Torregiani
- Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (D.R.P.); (A.C.); (G.B.)
| | - Giulia Bonacucina
- Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (D.R.P.); (A.C.); (G.B.)
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18
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Li W, Li X, Song L, Li H, Wu Y, Li J. Optical microscopic study on a novel morphological classification method of multiple diagnostic features of Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis. Parasitology 2023; 150:1070-1075. [PMID: 37846821 PMCID: PMC10801366 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182023000938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Optical microscopy is the gold standard technique used to confirm the diagnosis of scabies. Multiple diagnostic features of the pathogen Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis (S. scabiei) can be identified under a microscope and classified into 3 categories: mites, eggs and fecal pellets. However, mite and eggshell fragments can also be observed, which have been ignored in the 2020 International Alliance for the Control of Scabies (IACS) Criteria and by most researchers. In this study, we propose a novel morphological classification method that classifies multiple diagnostic features into 5 categories and 7 subcategories. Our results revealed that 65.2% (1893 of 2896) of the positive cases were confirmed through the identification of mites, eggs or fecal pellets, whereas up to 34.6% (1003 of 2896) of the positive cases were confirmed through the identification of mite or eggshell fragments. Therefore, the important diagnostic values of mite and eggshell fragments should be emphasized. Importantly, for the first time, mite and eggshell fragments were classified into 7 subcategories, some of which are easily ignored or confused with contaminating artefacts. We believe that this novel morphological classification method will be beneficial for operator training in interpreting slides and in improving the 2020 IACS Criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanchen Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Lin Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Hongfeng Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yaliu Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Jianjun Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
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19
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Nakane D. Rheotaxis in Mycoplasma gliding. Microbiol Immunol 2023; 67:389-395. [PMID: 37430383 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.13090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
This review describes the upstream-directed movement in the small parasitic bacterium Mycoplasma. Many Mycoplasma species exhibit gliding motility, a form of biological motion over surfaces without the aid of general surface appendages such as flagella. The gliding motility is characterized by a constant unidirectional movement without changes in direction or backward motion. Unlike flagellated bacteria, Mycoplasma lacks the general chemotactic signaling system to control their moving direction. Therefore, the physiological role of directionless travel in Mycoplasma gliding remains unclear. Recently, high-precision measurements under an optical microscope have revealed that three species of Mycoplasma exhibited rheotaxis, that is, the direction of gliding motility is lead upstream by the water flow. This intriguing response appears to be optimized for the flow patterns encountered at host surfaces. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the morphology, behavior, and habitat of Mycoplasma gliding, and discusses the possibility that the rheotaxis is ubiquitous among them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Nakane
- Department of Engineering Science, Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Canullo L, Giuliani A, Furlani M, Menini M, Piattelli A, Iezzi G. Influence of abutment macro- and micro-geometry on morphologic and morphometric features of peri-implant connective tissue. Clin Oral Implants Res 2023; 34:920-933. [PMID: 37345230 DOI: 10.1111/clr.14118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present human observational study is to provide morphologic and morphometric analysis of peri-implant connective tissue next to abutments with divergent or convergent macro-geometry and different surface micro-characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty patients were rehabilitated with single implants in the posterior area and one out of three different healing abutments with a one-stage technique: machined divergent abutment (DIV-MAC), machined convergent abutment (CONV-MAC) or convergent abutment with ultrathin threaded surface (CONV-UTM). At 3 months postimplant insertion, peri-implant soft tissue was harvested; the following outcomes were investigated: histomorphometry (vertical width of connective and epithelial components) as detected by histology and polarized light; and connective tissue vertical width and 3D organization as detected by synchrotron-based high-resolution phase-contrast-based tomography (PhC-μCT). RESULTS Significant differences in connective tissue vertical dimension (aJE-AM) were found between DIV-MAC and both CONV-MAC and CONV-UTM, both by histology and PhC-μCT, with significantly higher values for the last two groups. Moreover, 2D histological analysis did not find significant differences in the junctional epithelium vertical dimension (PM-aJE). Importantly, PhC-μCT analysis revealed, at 3D level, significant greater amount and density of collagen bundles for CONV-UTM compared with the other two groups. CONCLUSIONS Convergent abutment profiles, regardless of their surface micro-geometry, seem to favor axial development of peri-implant connective tissue. Moreover, ultrathin threaded surfaces seem associated with denser and greater connective tissue organization, which might improve peri-implant soft tissue seal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Canullo
- Unit of Prosthodontics and Implant Prosthodontics, Department of Surgical Sciences (DISC), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Giuliani
- Section BBF, Department of Clinical Sciences (DiSCO), Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Michele Furlani
- Section BBF, Department of Clinical Sciences (DiSCO), Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Maria Menini
- Unit of Prosthodontics and Implant Prosthodontics, Department of Surgical Sciences (DISC), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Adriano Piattelli
- Dental School, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- School of Dentistry, Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Villa Serena per la Ricerca, Città Sant'Angelo, Italy
- Casa di Cura Villa Serena del Dott. L. Petruzzi, Città Sant'Angelo, Italy
| | - Giovanna Iezzi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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21
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Taddeucci A, Zinna F, Siligardi G, Di Bari L. Circularly Polarized Microscopy of Thin Films of Chiral Organic Dyes. Chem Biomed Eng 2023; 1:471-478. [PMID: 37655166 PMCID: PMC10467535 DOI: 10.1021/cbmi.3c00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
We introduce an optical microscopy technique, circularly polarized microscopy or CPM, able to afford spatially resolved electronic circular dichroism (ECD) of thin films of chiral organic semiconductors through a commercial microscope equipped with a camera and inexpensive optics. Provided the dichroic ratio is sufficiently large, the spatial resolution is on the order of the μm and is only limited by the magnification optics integrated in the microscope. We apply CPM to thin films of small chiral π-conjugated molecules, which gave rise to ordered aggregates in the thin layer. Primarily, conventional ECD can reveal and characterize chiral supramolecular structures and possible interferences between anisotropic properties of solid samples; however, it cannot generally account for the spatial distribution of such properties. CPM offers a characterization of supramolecular chirality and of commingling polarization anisotropies of the material, describing their local distribution. To validate CPM, we demonstrated that it can be adopted to quantify the local ECD of samples characterized by intense signals, virtually on any standard optical microscope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Taddeucci
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University
of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Diamond
Light Source Ltd., Chilton, Didcot OX11 0DE, United
Kingdom
| | - Francesco Zinna
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University
of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Lorenzo Di Bari
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University
of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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22
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Pandya R, Mathieson A, Boruah BD, de Aguiar HB, de Volder M. Interrogating the Light-Induced Charging Mechanism in Li-Ion Batteries Using Operando Optical Microscopy. Nano Lett 2023; 23:7288-7296. [PMID: 37552026 PMCID: PMC10450808 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Photobatteries, batteries with a light-sensitive electrode, have recently been proposed as a way of simultaneously capturing and storing solar energy in a single device. Despite reports of photocharging with multiple different electrode materials, the overall mechanism of operation remains poorly understood. Here, we use operando optical reflection microscopy to investigate light-induced charging in LixV2O5 electrodes. We image the electrode, at the single-particle level, under three conditions: (a) with a closed circuit and light but no electronic power source (photocharging), (b) during galvanostatic cycling with light (photoenhanced), and (c) with heat but no light (thermal). We demonstrate that light can indeed drive lithiation changes in LixV2O5 while maintaining charge neutrality, possibly via a combination of faradaic and nonfaradaic effects taking place in individual particles. Our results provide an addition to the photobattery mechanistic model highlighting that both intercalation-based charging and lithium concentration polarization effects contribute to the increased photocharging capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Pandya
- Laboratoire
Kastler Brossel, ENS-Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Collège de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Angus Mathieson
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- Department
of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K.
| | - Buddha Deka Boruah
- Department
of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K.
- Institute
for Materials Discovery, University College
London, London WC1E 7JE, U.K.
| | - Hilton B. de Aguiar
- Laboratoire
Kastler Brossel, ENS-Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Collège de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Michael de Volder
- Department
of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K.
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23
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Durmazpinar PM, Recen D, Çeliksöz Ö, Yazkan B. Micro shear bond strength of mineral trioxide aggregate to different innovative dental restorative materials. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2023; 237:762-769. [PMID: 37171056 DOI: 10.1177/09544119231173506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this in vitro study was to investigate the micro shear bond strength (µSBS) of mineral trioxide aggregate to four different restorative materials. Sixty mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) samples were randomly assigned into four experimental groups based on the restorative materials used: nanohybrid resin composite as a control, giomer, alkasite and ormocer. µSBS samples were prepared for each group (n = 15). These samples were then submitted to a µSBS test (crosshead speed, 0.5 mm/min). The resulting data were statistically analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Levene, and Bonferroni tests (α = 0.05). The bond strength of the alkasite group was statistically significantly higher than all the tested groups (p<0.05), while there were no significant differences between the nanohybrid resin composite, giomer, or ormocer groups (p > 0.05). Within the limitations of this study, alkasite restorative material could be a promising material when placed over MTA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Duygu Recen
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Izmir Democracy University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Özge Çeliksöz
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Başak Yazkan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
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24
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Villalba MI, Rossetti E, Bonvallat A, Yvanoff C, Radonicic V, Willaert RG, Kasas S. Simple optical nanomotion method for single-bacterium viability and antibiotic response testing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2221284120. [PMID: 37094120 PMCID: PMC10160964 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2221284120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is nowadays a major public health issue. Rapid antimicrobial susceptibility tests (AST) are one of the options to fight this deadly threat. Performing AST with single-cell sensitivity that is rapid, cheap, and widely accessible, is challenging. Recent studies demonstrated that monitoring bacterial nanomotion by using atomic force microscopy (AFM) upon exposure to antibiotics constitutes a rapid and highly efficient AST. Here, we present a nanomotion detection method based on optical microscopy for testing bacterial viability. This novel technique only requires a very basic microfluidic analysis chamber, and an optical microscope equipped with a camera or a mobile phone. No attachment of the microorganisms is needed, nor are specific bacterial stains or markers. This single-cell technique was successfully tested to obtain AST for motile, nonmotile, gram-positive, and gram-negative bacteria. The simplicity and efficiency of the method make it a game-changer in the field of rapid AST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria I Villalba
- Laboratory of Biological Electron Microscopy, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
- International Joint Research Group Vrije Universiteit Brussel-École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne NanoBiotechnology and NanoMedicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Eugenia Rossetti
- Centre Universitaire Romand de Médecine Légale, Unité Facultaire d'Anatomie et de Morphologie, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Allan Bonvallat
- Centre Universitaire Romand de Médecine Légale, Unité Facultaire d'Anatomie et de Morphologie, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte Yvanoff
- International Joint Research Group Vrije Universiteit Brussel-École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne NanoBiotechnology and NanoMedicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1050, Belgium
- Research Group Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1050, Belgium
- Alliance Research Group Vrije Universiteit Brussel-UGent NanoMicrobiology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Vjera Radonicic
- International Joint Research Group Vrije Universiteit Brussel-École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne NanoBiotechnology and NanoMedicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1050, Belgium
- Research Group Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1050, Belgium
- Alliance Research Group Vrije Universiteit Brussel-UGent NanoMicrobiology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Ronnie G Willaert
- International Joint Research Group Vrije Universiteit Brussel-École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne NanoBiotechnology and NanoMedicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1050, Belgium
- Research Group Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1050, Belgium
- Alliance Research Group Vrije Universiteit Brussel-UGent NanoMicrobiology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Sandor Kasas
- Laboratory of Biological Electron Microscopy, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
- International Joint Research Group Vrije Universiteit Brussel-École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne NanoBiotechnology and NanoMedicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1050, Belgium
- Centre Universitaire Romand de Médecine Légale, Unité Facultaire d'Anatomie et de Morphologie, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
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25
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Förster GD, Pimonov V, Tran HN, Tahir S, Jourdain V, Bichara C. Swinging Crystal Edge of Growing Carbon Nanotubes. ACS Nano 2023; 17:7135-7144. [PMID: 37014049 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c07388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Recent direct measurements of the growth kinetics of individual carbon nanotubes revealed abrupt changes in the growth rate of nanotubes maintaining the same crystal structure. These stochastic switches call into question the possibility of chirality selection based on growth kinetics. Here, we show that a similar average ratio between fast and slow rates of around 1.7 is observed largely independent of the catalyst and growth conditions. A simple model, supported by computer simulations, shows that these switches are caused by tilts of the growing nanotube edge between two main orientations, close-armchair or close-zigzag, inducing different growth mechanisms. The rate ratio of around 1.7 then simply results from an averaging of the number of growth sites and edge configurations in each orientation. Beyond providing insights on nanotube growth based on classical crystal growth theory, these results point to ways to control the dynamics of nanotube edges, a key requirement for stabilizing growth kinetics and producing arrays of long, structurally selected nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Daniel Förster
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, CINaM, UMR7325,13288, Marseille, France
- Interfaces, Confinement, Matériaux et Nanostructures, ICMN, Université d'Orléans, CNRS, 45071, Orléans, France
| | - Vladimir Pimonov
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Huy-Nam Tran
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Saïd Tahir
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Vincent Jourdain
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, 34095, Montpellier, France
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26
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Ritchie NWM, Wight S, Ortiz-Montalvo D, Lindstrom AP. Registering Particle Data Sets Using a Rotation and Translation Invariant Nearest-Neighbor Algorithm. Microsc Microanal 2023; 29:512-519. [PMID: 37457018 PMCID: PMC10343961 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozac033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
It can be useful to register (or align) two sets of particle data measured from the same physical sample. However, if the two data sets were collected at different translational or rotational offsets, finding the optimal registration can be a challenge. We will present an algorithm that efficiently determines the rotation and translational offset that best registers (in a least-squares sense) the corresponding particles in two or more data sets measured from the same sample. This algorithm can be used to merge two data sets that have been collected on overlapping but otherwise distinct regions on the sample. Alternatively, it can be used to overlay data sets that have been collected on the same sample area to compare replicate data for quality control and measurement efficiency purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas W. M. Ritchie
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Materials Measurement Science Division, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Scott Wight
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Materials Measurement Science Division, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Diana Ortiz-Montalvo
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Materials Measurement Science Division, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Abigail P. Lindstrom
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Materials Measurement Science Division, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
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27
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Lykouras M, Orkoula M, Kontoyannis C. Formation and Characterisation of Posaconazole Hydrate Form. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 16:65. [PMID: 36678561 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Posaconazole is an API added as Form I for the production of oral suspensions, but it is found as Form-S in the final formulation. In this study, it was found that this polymorphic conversion, which may affect the bioavailability, is due to an interaction with water. However, the relatively poor wettability of posaconazole Form I renders the complete wetting of its particles and production of pure Form-S challenging. Consequently, for its isolation, Form I should be dispersed in water followed by application of sonication for at least 10 min. Pure posaconazole Form-S was characterised using X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), Raman spectroscopy, attenuated total reflection (ATR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and optical microscopy. From these techniques, posaconazole Form-S was characterised as a hydrate form, which includes three molecules of water per API molecule.
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28
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Da Rin G, Seghezzi M, Padoan A, Pajola R, Bengiamo A, Di Fabio AM, Dima F, Fanelli A, Francione S, Germagnoli L, Lorubbio M, Marzoni A, Pipitone S, Rolla R, Bagorria Vaca MDC, Bartolini A, Bonato L, Sciacovelli L, Buoro S. Multicentric evaluation of the variability of digital morphology performances also respect to the reference methods by optical microscopy. Int J Lab Hematol 2022; 44:1040-1049. [PMID: 35916349 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.13943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the important diagnostic role of peripheral blood morphology, cell classification is subjective. Automated image-processing systems (AIS) provide more accurate and objective morphological evaluation. The aims of this multicenter study were the evaluation of the intra and inter-laboratory variation between different AIS in cell pre-classification and after reclassification, compared with manual optical microscopy, the reference method. METHODS Six peripheral blood samples were included in this study, for each sample, 70 May-Grunwald and Giemsa stained PB smears were prepared from each specimen and 10 slides were delivered to the seven laboratories involved. Smears were processed by both optical microscopy (OM) and AIS. In addition, the assessment times of both methods were recorded. RESULTS Within-laboratory Reproducibility ranged between 4.76% and 153.78%; between-laboratory Precision ranged between 2.10% and 82.2%, while Total Imprecision ranged between 5.21% and 20.60%. The relative Bland Altman bias ranged between -0.01% and 20.60%. The mean of assessment times were 326 ± 110 s and 191 ± 68 s for AIS post reclassification and OM, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AIS can be helpful when the number of cell counted are low and can give advantages in terms of efficiency, objectivity and time saving in the morphological analysis of blood cells. They can also help in the interpretation of some morphological features and can serve as learning and investigation tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Da Rin
- Laboratory Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Michela Seghezzi
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Andrea Padoan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Rachele Pajola
- UOC Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Ospedali Riuniti Padova Sud Schiavonia, Veneto, Italy
| | - Anna Bengiamo
- Clinical Chemistry and Hematology Laboratory, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Dima
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fanelli
- Department of General Laboratory, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Sara Francione
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology, Novara, Italy
| | - Luca Germagnoli
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, IRCCS Humanitas, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Lorubbio
- Department of Laboratory and Transfusional Medicine, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Pipitone
- Clinical Chemistry and Hematology Laboratory, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Roberta Rolla
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont 'Amedeo Avogadro', Novara, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Laura Sciacovelli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Sabrina Buoro
- Regional Reference Center for the Quality of Laboratory Medicine Services, Milan, Italy
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29
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Ayoub WS, Zahoor I, Dar AH, Anjum N, Pandiselvam R, Farooq S, Rusu AV, Rocha JM, Trif M, Jeevarathinam G. Effect of incorporation of wheat bran, rice bran and banana peel powder on the mesostructure and physicochemical characteristics of biscuits. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1016717. [PMID: 36466403 PMCID: PMC9714488 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1016717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Various types of natural fiber-rich ingredients are added into bakery-based products to improve their fiber content for health promotional purposes. But the majority of these products usually include exotic dietary fiber components. The aim of this study was to develop biscuits incorporated with wheat bran, rice bran and banana peel powder and to evaluate the effects on physicochemical properties and sensory acceptability of these different biscuit samples. Wheat bran, rice bran and banana peel powder was used to substitute refined wheat flour in biscuit samples at different levels (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30%). The effect of wheat bran, rice bran and banana peel powder incorporation on proximate composition, physical characteristics, texture profile, color and sensory evaluation of biscuit samples were investigated. The moisture content of the product showed a significant (p ≤ 0.01) decreasing trend while as protein showed increasing trend with increasing level of incorporation of wheat bran, rice bran and banana peel powder. Also there was a considerable effect on L*(darkness to lightness), a*(greeness to redness), and b*(blueness to yellowness) values of biscuit samples. Among the physical parameters diameter and thickness decreased non-significantly (p ≤ 0.01) with the addition of different fibers whereas spread ratio and weight increases. Sensory attributes showed a significant (p ≤ 0.01) increasing trend with an increase in the level of incorporation of different fibers. Based on sensory evaluation biscuits prepared with 15% wheat bran, 15% rice bran, and 10% banana peel powder were rated best. The biscuits were packed in high density polyethylene (HDPE) boxes and were analyzed on different intervals viz. 0, 30, and 60th day. In samples of optimized biscuits, the ash content, protein, fat and color exhibited a non- significant tendency of declining over storage. It was discovered that the ash content dropped from0.86 to 0.67% in Wb4, 0.95 to 0.75% in Rb4, and 1.15to 0.92% in Bpp3. However there was a considerable increase in moisture content during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wani Suhana Ayoub
- Department of Food Technology, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, India
| | - Insha Zahoor
- Department of Food Technology, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, India
| | - Aamir Hussain Dar
- Department of Food Technology, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, India
| | - Nadira Anjum
- Division of Food Science and Technology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - R. Pandiselvam
- Physiology, Biochemistry and Post-Harvest Technology Division, ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (CPCRI), Kasaragod, India
| | - Salma Farooq
- Department of Food Technology, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, India
| | - Alexandru Vasile Rusu
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - João Miguel Rocha
- Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Monica Trif
- Department of Food Research, Centre for Innovative Process Engineering (CENTIV) GmbH, Stuhr, Germany
| | - G. Jeevarathinam
- Department of Food Technology, Hindusthan College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, India
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30
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Montoya-Navarrete AL, Guerrero-Barrera AL, Quezada-Tristán T, Valdivia-Flores AG, Cano-Rábano MJ. Red blood cells morphology and morphometry in adult, senior, and geriatricians dogs by optical and scanning electron microscopy. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:998438. [PMID: 36439358 PMCID: PMC9685804 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.998438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBC) morphologic evaluation through microscopy optical (OM) and SEM, provides information to forecast, evaluate, and monitor the functioning of many organs. Factors, such aging and diseases affect RBC morphology in both, human and animals. SEM is useful to evaluate RBC morphology, although its use in diagnosis and evaluation in dogs is limited, due to the availability and cost. The aim of this research was to assess the normal RBC morphology in adult, senior and geriatrician dogs, clinically healthy by OM and SEM. In addition to evaluating the age effect, sex, body size, and their interaction on erythrocyte morphometry. To carry out the research 152 blood samples were evaluated from dogs of different sexes and body sizes (small, medium, and large). Three groups were made based on dogs age: group I adults (1-7.9 years old), group II senior (8-11.9 years old), and group III geriatricians (>12 years old). Erythrocyte parameters were evaluated by OM (diameter, height, and axial ratio). Per each dog, the parameters of 20 erythrocytes were measured. A total of 2,600 cells were scanned with the AmScope™ Software scale. In addition, the RBC morphology was evaluated by SEM. Statistical analyses used analysis of variance and a general linear model, which allows the comparison of multiple factors at two or more levels (p < 0.05). The results of this study showed that diameter and height were lower in adult dogs than in senior and geriatrician dogs (p < 0.05). Whereas, sex, body size, and the interaction did not show a significant effect (p > 0.05). Additionally, some images of anisocytosis, polychromasia, and poikilocytosis (echinocytes, acanthocytes, codocytes, spherocytes, stomatocytes, dacryocytes quatrefoil, and elliptocytes) were obtained by OM and SEM. Our study provides information about the morphological and morphometry alterations of adult, senior, and geriatrician dogs RBC. This work contributes to future investigations and the diagnosing diseases, where it is necessary to evaluate the morphology of RBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luisa Montoya-Navarrete
- Morphology Department, Basic Sciences Center, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | | | - Teódulo Quezada-Tristán
- Veterinary Sciences Department, Agricultural Sciences Center, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Arturo G. Valdivia-Flores
- Veterinary Sciences Department, Agricultural Sciences Center, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - María J. Cano-Rábano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Surgery and Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of León, León, Spain
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31
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Fan X, Batchelor-McAuley C, Yang M, Compton RG. Single Calcite Particle Dissolution Kinetics: Revealing the Influence of Mass Transport. ACS Meas Sci Au 2022; 2:422-429. [PMID: 36785660 PMCID: PMC9885995 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.2c00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Calcite dissolution kinetics at the single particle scale are determined. It is demonstrated that at high undersaturation and in the absence of inhibitors the particulate mineral dissolution rate is controlled by a saturated calcite surface in local equilibrium with dissolved Ca2+ and CO3 2- coupled with rate determining diffusive transport of the ions away from the surface. Previous work is revisited and inconsistencies arising from the assumption of a surface-controlled reaction are highlighted. The data have implications for ocean modeling of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmeng Fan
- Physical
and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, Great Britain
| | - Christopher Batchelor-McAuley
- Physical
and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, Great Britain
| | - Minjun Yang
- Physical
and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, Great Britain
| | - Richard G. Compton
- Physical
and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, Great Britain
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32
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Mondal M, Dash AK, Singh A. Optical Microscope Based Universal Parameter for Identifying Layer Number in Two-Dimensional Materials. ACS Nano 2022; 16:14456-14462. [PMID: 36074897 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c04833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Optical contrast is the most common preliminary method to identify layer number of two-dimensional (2D) materials, but it is seldom used as a confirmatory technique. We explain the reason for variation of optical contrast between imaging systems, motivating system-independent measurement of optical contrast as a critical need. We describe a universal method to quantify the layer number using the RGB (red-green-blue) and RAW optical images. For RGB images, the slope of 2D flake (MoS2, WSe2, graphene) intensity vs substrate intensity is extracted from optical images with varying lamp power. The intensity slope identifies layer number and is system independent. For RAW images, intensity slopes and intensity ratios are completely system and intensity independent. Intensity slope (for RGB) and intensity ratio (for RAW) are thus universal parameters for identifying layer number. The RAW format is not present in all imaging systems, but it can confirm layer number using a single optical image, making it a rapid and system-independent universal method. A Fresnel-reflectance-based optical model provides an excellent match with experiments. Furthermore, we have created a MATLAB-based graphical user interface that can identify layer number rapidly. This technique is expected to accelerate the preparation of heterostructures and to fulfill a prolonged need for universal optical contrast method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mainak Mondal
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Ajit K Dash
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Akshay Singh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
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Eliasson S, Karlsson Hagnell M, Wennhage P, Barsoum Z. A Statistical Porosity Characterization Approach of Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Material Using Optical Microscopy and Neural Network. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:ma15196540. [PMID: 36233894 PMCID: PMC9572467 DOI: 10.3390/ma15196540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The intensified pursuit for lightweight solutions in the commercial vehicle industry increases the demand for method development of more advanced lightweight materials such as Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Composites (CFRP). The behavior of these anisotropic materials is challenging to understand and manufacturing defects could dramatically change the mechanical properties. Voids are one of the most common manufacturing defects; they can affect mechanical properties and work as initiation sites for damage. It is essential to know the micromechanical composition of the material to understand the material behavior. Void characterization is commonly conducted using optical microscopy, which is a reliable technique. In the current study, an approach based on optical microscopy, statistically characterizing a CFRP laminate with regard to porosity, is proposed. A neural network is implemented to efficiently segment micrographs and label the constituents: void, matrix, and fiber. A neural network minimizes the manual labor automating the process and shows great potential to be implemented in repetitive tasks in a design process to save time. The constituent fractions are determined and they show that constituent characterization can be performed with high accuracy for a very low number of training images. The extracted data are statistically analyzed. If significant differences are found, they can reveal and explain differences in the material behavior. The global and local void fraction show significant differences for the material used in this study and are good candidates to explain differences in material behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Eliasson
- Scania CV AB, SE-151 87 Södertälje, Sweden
- Centre for ECO2 Vehicle Design, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mathilda Karlsson Hagnell
- RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, Polymers, Fibers and Composites, SE-164 40 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Wennhage
- Centre for ECO2 Vehicle Design, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zuheir Barsoum
- Centre for ECO2 Vehicle Design, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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Lu YY, Yu HC, Wang YX, Hung CK, Chen YR, Jhou J, Yen PTW, Hsu JH, Sankar R. Optical determination of layered-materials InSe thickness via RGB contrast method and regression analysis. Nanotechnology 2022; 33:485702. [PMID: 35998580 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac8bda] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Indium selenide (InSe) features intriguing thickness-dependent optoelectronic properties, and a simple, and precise way to identify the thickness is essential for the rapid development of InSe research. Here, a red, green, and blue (RGB) color contrast method with regression analysis for quantitative correlation of three optical contrasts from RGB channels with the InSe thickness (1-35 nm), is demonstrated. The lower accuracy of the thickness identification obtained from the individual channels was discussed. Moreover, the effective refractive indices in the three RGB regions can be extracted from the Fresnel equation and numerical analysis by finding the best fit to the experimental optical contrast. After further consideration of the wavelength-dependent refractive indices, the slope of the regression line between the estimated thickness and that obtained from the atomic force microscope was improved from 1.59 ± 0.05 to 0.97 ± 0.02. The complex refractive index spectra of InSe (1-10 layers) generated fromab initionumerical calculation results were also adopted to identify the InSe thickness. Compared to dispersion, the evolution of the band structure had less effect on thickness identification. This work could be extended to other layered materials, facilitate the thickness-dependent study of layered materials, and expedite the realization of their practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ying Lu
- Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Ching Yu
- Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - You-Xin Wang
- Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Keng Hung
- Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - You-Ren Chen
- Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Jie Jhou
- Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Peter Tsung-Wen Yen
- Center for Crystal researches, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Hung Hsu
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Raman Sankar
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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Bistac S, Brogly M, Bindel D. Crystallinity of Amphiphilic PE-b-PEG Copolymers. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:3639. [PMID: 36080716 DOI: 10.3390/polym14173639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The crystallinity and the growth rate of crystalline structures of polyethylene glycol and polyethylene blocks in polyethylene-b-polyethylene glycol diblock copolymers (PE-b-PEG) were evaluated and compared to polyethylene and polyethylene glycol homopolymers. Melting and crystallization behaviours of PE-b-PEG copolymers with different molecular weights and compositions are investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The polyethylene/polyethylene glycol block ratio of the copolymers varies from 17/83 to 77/23 (weight/weight). The influence of the composition of PE-b-PEG copolymer on the ability of each block to crystallize has been determined. Thermal transition data are correlated with optical polarized microscopy, used to investigate the morphology and growth rate of crystals. The results show that the crystallization of the polyethylene block is closer to the polyethylene homopolymer when the copolymer contains more than 50 wt. % of polyethylene in the copolymer. For PE-b-PEG copolymers containing more than 50 wt. % of polyethylene glycol, the polyethylene glycol block morphology is almost similar to the PEG homopolymer. An important hindrance of each block on the crystallization growth rate of the other block has been revealed.
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Abstract
In this Perspective we propose our current point of view and a suggestive roadmap on the field of high-resolution optical microscopy dedicated to bioimaging. Motivated by biological applications, researchers have indeed devised an impressive amount of strategies to address the diverse constraints of imaging and studying biological matter down to the molecular scale, making this interdisciplinary research field a vibrant forum for creativity. Throughout the discussion, we highlight several striking recent successes in this quest. We also identify some next challenges still ahead to apprehend biological questions in increasingly complex living organisms for integrative studies in a minimally invasive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Bon
- Laboratoire
Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences, University of Bordeaux, F-33400 Talence, France
- LP2N
UMR 5298, Institut d’Optique Graduate
School, CNRS, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Laurent Cognet
- Laboratoire
Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences, University of Bordeaux, F-33400 Talence, France
- LP2N
UMR 5298, Institut d’Optique Graduate
School, CNRS, F-33400 Talence, France
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Barho F, Fiche JB, Bardou M, Messina O, Martiniere A, Houbron C, Nollmann M. Qudi-HiM: an open-source acquisition software package for highly multiplexed sequential and combinatorial optical imaging. Open Res Eur 2022; 2:46. [PMID: 37645324 PMCID: PMC10445908 DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.14641.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Multiplexed sequential and combinatorial imaging enables the simultaneous detection of multiple biological molecules, e.g. proteins, DNA, or RNA, enabling single-cell spatial multi-omics measurements at sub-cellular resolution. Recently, we designed a multiplexed imaging approach (Hi-M) to study the spatial organization of chromatin in single cells. In order to enable Hi-M sequential imaging on custom microscope setups, we developed Qudi-HiM, a modular software package written in Python 3. Qudi-HiM contains modules to automate the robust acquisition of thousands of three-dimensional multicolor microscopy images, the handling of microfluidics devices, and the remote monitoring of ongoing acquisitions and real-time analysis. In addition, Qudi-HiM can be used as a stand-alone tool for other imaging modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Barho
- Centre de Biologie Structurale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR5048, Montpellier, 34090, France
| | - Jean-Bernard Fiche
- Centre de Biologie Structurale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR5048, Montpellier, 34090, France
| | - Marion Bardou
- Centre de Biologie Structurale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR5048, Montpellier, 34090, France
| | - Olivier Messina
- Centre de Biologie Structurale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR5048, Montpellier, 34090, France
| | | | - Christophe Houbron
- Centre de Biologie Structurale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR5048, Montpellier, 34090, France
| | - Marcelo Nollmann
- Centre de Biologie Structurale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR5048, Montpellier, 34090, France
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Barho F, Fiche JB, Bardou M, Messina O, Martiniere A, Houbron C, Nollmann M. Qudi-HiM: an open-source acquisition software package for highly multiplexed sequential and combinatorial optical imaging. Open Res Eur 2022; 2:46. [PMID: 37645324 PMCID: PMC10445908 DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.14641.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Multiplexed sequential and combinatorial imaging enables the simultaneous detection of multiple biological molecules, e.g. proteins, DNA, or RNA, enabling single-cell spatial multi-omics measurements at sub-cellular resolution. Recently, we designed a multiplexed imaging approach (Hi-M) to study the spatial organization of chromatin in single cells. In order to enable Hi-M sequential imaging on custom microscope setups, we developed Qudi-HiM, a modular software package written in Python 3. Qudi-HiM contains modules to automate the robust acquisition of thousands of three-dimensional multicolor microscopy images, the handling of microfluidics devices, and the remote monitoring of ongoing acquisitions and real-time analysis. In addition, Qudi-HiM can be used as a stand-alone tool for other imaging modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Barho
- Centre de Biologie Structurale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR5048, Montpellier, 34090, France
| | - Jean-Bernard Fiche
- Centre de Biologie Structurale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR5048, Montpellier, 34090, France
| | - Marion Bardou
- Centre de Biologie Structurale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR5048, Montpellier, 34090, France
| | - Olivier Messina
- Centre de Biologie Structurale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR5048, Montpellier, 34090, France
| | | | - Christophe Houbron
- Centre de Biologie Structurale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR5048, Montpellier, 34090, France
| | - Marcelo Nollmann
- Centre de Biologie Structurale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR5048, Montpellier, 34090, France
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Kaderuppan SS, Wong WLE, Sharma A, Woo WL. O-Net: A Fast and Precise Deep-Learning Architecture for Computational Super-Resolved Phase-Modulated Optical Microscopy. Microsc Microanal 2022; 28:1-15. [PMID: 35702958 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927622000782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We present a fast and precise deep-learning architecture, which we term O-Net, for obtaining super-resolved images from conventional phase-modulated optical microscopical techniques, such as phase-contrast microscopy and differential interference contrast microscopy. O-Net represents a novel deep convolutional neural network that can be trained on both simulated and experimental data, the latter of which is being demonstrated in the present context. The present study demonstrates the ability of the proposed method to achieve super-resolved images even under poor signal-to-noise ratios and does not require prior information on the point spread function or optical character of the system. Moreover, unlike previous state-of-the-art deep neural networks (such as U-Nets), the O-Net architecture seemingly demonstrates an immunity to network hallucination, a commonly cited issue caused by network overfitting when U-Nets are employed. Models derived from the proposed O-Net architecture are validated through empirical comparison with a similar sample imaged via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and are found to generate ultra-resolved images which came close to that of the actual SEM micrograph.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiraz S Kaderuppan
- Newcastle Research and Innovation Institute Pte Ltd, (NewRIIS), Devan Nair Institute for Employment and Employability, Singapore 609607
- Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Wai Leong Eugene Wong
- Newcastle Research and Innovation Institute Pte Ltd, (NewRIIS), Devan Nair Institute for Employment and Employability, Singapore 609607
- Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
- Newcastle University in Singapore, SIT Building @ Nanyang Polytechnic, Singapore 567739
| | - Anurag Sharma
- Newcastle Research and Innovation Institute Pte Ltd, (NewRIIS), Devan Nair Institute for Employment and Employability, Singapore 609607
- Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
- Newcastle University in Singapore, SIT Building @ Nanyang Polytechnic, Singapore 567739
| | - Wai Lok Woo
- Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
- Computer and Information Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
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Calisesi G, Ancora D, Tacconi C, Fantin A, Perin P, Pizzala R, Valentini G, Farina A, Bassi A. Enlarged Field of View in Spatially Modulated Selective Volume Illumination Microscopy. Microsc Microanal 2022; 28:1-10. [PMID: 35698867 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927622012077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional fluorescence microscopy is a key technology for inspecting biological samples, ranging from single cells to entire organisms. We recently proposed a novel approach called spatially modulated Selective Volume Illumination Microscopy (smSVIM) to suppress illumination artifacts and to reduce the required number of measurements using an LED source. Here, we discuss a new strategy based on smSVIM for imaging large transparent specimens or voluminous chemically cleared tissues. The strategy permits steady mounting of the sample, achieving uniform resolution over a large field of view thanks to the synchronized motion of the illumination lens and the camera rolling shutter. Aided by a tailored deconvolution method for image reconstruction, we demonstrate significant improvement of the resolution at different magnification using samples of varying sizes and spatial features.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniele Ancora
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, 20133Milano, Italy
| | - Carlotta Tacconi
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milano, 20133Milano, Italy
| | | | - Paola Perin
- Department of Brain and Behaviour Science, University of Pavia, 27100Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberto Pizzala
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100Pavia, Italy
| | - Gianluca Valentini
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, 20133Milano, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle ricerche, 20133Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Farina
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle ricerche, 20133Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Bassi
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, 20133Milano, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle ricerche, 20133Milano, Italy
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Abstract
An optical microscope is probably the most intuitive, simple, and commonly used instrument to observe objects and discuss behaviors through images. Although the idea of imaging electrochemical processes operando by optical microscopy was initiated 40 years ago, it was not until significant progress was made in the last two decades in advanced optical microscopy or plasmonics that it could become a mainstream electroanalytical strategy. This review illustrates the potential of different optical microscopies to visualize and quantify local electrochemical processes with unprecedented temporal and spatial resolution (below the diffraction limit), up to the single object level with subnanoparticle or single-molecule sensitivity. Developed through optically and electrochemically active model systems, optical microscopy is now shifting to materials and configurations focused on real-world electrochemical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China;
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China;
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Abstract
Patient-derived cancer organoids (PDCOs) are organotypic 3D cultures grown from patient tumor samples. PDCOs provide an exciting opportunity to study drug response and heterogeneity within and between patients. This research can guide new drug development and inform clinical treatment planning. We review technologies to assess PDCO drug response and heterogeneity, discuss best practices for clinically relevant drug screens, and assert the importance of quantifying single-cell and organoid heterogeneity to characterize response. Autofluorescence imaging of PDCO growth and metabolic activity is highlighted as a compelling method to monitor single-cell and single-organoid response robustly and reproducibly. We also speculate on the future of PDCOs in clinical practice and drug discovery.Future development will require standardization of assessment methods for both morphology and function in PDCOs, increased throughput for new drug development, prospective validation with patient outcomes, and robust classification algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa C Skala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA;
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- University of Wisconsin-Madison Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Dustin A Deming
- University of Wisconsin-Madison Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Division of Hematology Medical Oncology and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; ,
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jeremy D Kratz
- University of Wisconsin-Madison Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Division of Hematology Medical Oncology and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; ,
- Center for Human Genomics and Precision Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Wang Q, Lei Y, Cui Y, Lin J, Huang W, He Y. Thermal Stability and Kinetics of Single I 2@ZIF-8 Particles. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:22643-22649. [PMID: 35512825 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c04922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is a key material characterization method for studying the thermal stability and thermochemical process. However, the common TGA for bulk samples lacks sufficient spatial information, which blurs the intrinsic thermal decomposition characteristic and limits the understanding of the structure-performance relationship. Here, we report a dark-field microscope (DFM) method for studying thermal desorption process of I2 from I2-loaded zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (I2@ZIF-8). Because of the high spatial resolution, DFM enables the imaging and tracking of the local mass loss of I2 in single I2@ZIF-8 particles at different reaction temperatures. We obtain from the DFM images the single-particle thermogravimetric and differential thermogravimetric curves to evaluate the inherent thermal stability of single I2@ZIF-8 particles. We also find the heterogeneous thermal decomposition property among different I2@ZIF-8 particles. Furthermore, we demonstrate the capacity of DFM to quantitatively determine thermal kinetics parameters such as the diffusion coefficient and activation energy of I2 in individual and multiple ZIF-8 particles. These useful results are essential for developing high-efficient porous adsorbents for the capture of I2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianxi Wang
- National Collaborative Innovation Center for Nuclear Waste and Environmental Safety, School of National Defence Science & Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
| | - Yuting Lei
- National Collaborative Innovation Center for Nuclear Waste and Environmental Safety, School of National Defence Science & Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
| | - Yunyi Cui
- National Collaborative Innovation Center for Nuclear Waste and Environmental Safety, School of National Defence Science & Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
| | - Jingruolan Lin
- National Collaborative Innovation Center for Nuclear Waste and Environmental Safety, School of National Defence Science & Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- National Collaborative Innovation Center for Nuclear Waste and Environmental Safety, School of National Defence Science & Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
| | - Yi He
- National Collaborative Innovation Center for Nuclear Waste and Environmental Safety, School of National Defence Science & Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
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Nakane D, Enomoto G, Bähre H, Hirose Y, Wilde A, Nishizaka T. Thermosynechococcus switches the direction of phototaxis by a c-di-GMP-dependent process with high spatial resolution. eLife 2022; 11:73405. [PMID: 35535498 PMCID: PMC9090330 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many cyanobacteria, which use light as an energy source via photosynthesis, show directional movement towards or away from a light source. However, the molecular and cell biological mechanisms for switching the direction of movement remain unclear. Here, we visualized type IV pilus-dependent cell movement in the rod-shaped thermophilic cyanobacterium Thermosynechococcus vulcanus using optical microscopy at physiological temperature and light conditions. Positive and negative phototaxis were controlled on a short time scale of 1 min. The cells smoothly moved over solid surfaces towards green light, but the direction was switched to backward movement when we applied additional blue light illumination. The switching was mediated by three photoreceptors, SesA, SesB, and SesC, which have cyanobacteriochrome photosensory domains and synthesis/degradation activity of the bacterial second messenger cyclic dimeric GMP (c-di-GMP). Our results suggest that the decision-making process for directional switching in phototaxis involves light-dependent changes in the cellular concentration of c-di-GMP. Direct visualization of type IV pilus filaments revealed that rod-shaped cells can move perpendicular to the light vector, indicating that the polarity can be controlled not only by pole-to-pole regulation but also within-a-pole regulation. This study provides insights into previously undescribed rapid bacterial polarity regulation via second messenger signalling with high spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Nakane
- Department of Engineering Science, Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gen Enomoto
- Institute of Biology III, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Heike Bähre
- Research Core Unit Metabolomics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Yuu Hirose
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Life Science, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Japan
| | - Annegret Wilde
- Institute of Biology III, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Małecki J, Terpiłowski K, Nastaj M, Sołowiej BG. Physicochemical, Nutritional, Microstructural, Surface and Sensory Properties of a Model High-Protein Bars Intended for Athletes Depending on the Type of Protein and Syrup Used. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19. [PMID: 35409605 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19073923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to investigate the possibility of using a combination of vegetable proteins from soybean (SOY), rice (RPC), and pea (PEA) with liquid syrups: tapioca fiber (TF), oligofructose (OF), and maltitol (ML) in the application of high-protein bars to determine the ability of these ingredients to modify the textural, physicochemical, nutritional, surface properties, microstructure, sensory parameters, and technological suitability. Ten variants of the samples were made, including the control sample made of whey protein concentrate (WPC) in combination with glucose syrup (GS). All combinations used had a positive effect on the hardness reduction of the bars after the storage period. Microstructure and the contact angle showed a large influence on the proteins and syrups used on the features of the manufactured products, primarily on the increased hydrophobicity of the surface of samples made of RPC + ML, SOY + OF, and RPC + TF. The combination of proteins and syrups used significantly reduced the sugar content of the product. Water activity (<0.7), dynamic viscosity (<27 mPas∙g/cm3), and sensory analysis (the highest final ratings) showed that bars made of RPC + OF, SOY + OF, and SOY + ML are characterized by a high potential for use in this type of products.
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46
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Fedotova O, Myalenko D, Pryanichnikova N, Yurova E, Agarkova E. Microscopic and Structural Studies of an Antimicrobial Polymer Film Modified with a Natural Filler Based on Triterpenoids. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:1097. [PMID: 35335428 DOI: 10.3390/polym14061097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aspects of component visualization of the antimicrobial triterpenoids (betulin) additive, both on the surface and in the bulk of the polymer, constituting food film packaging, are considered. This paper presents new knowledge about the morphology and surface structure of modified films using three independent methodological approaches: optical microscopy; a histological method adapted to packaging materials; and a method of attenuated total internal reflection (ATR) spectroscopy in the infrared region with Fourier transform. The use of these methods shows the betulin granules, individual or forming chains. To visualize the antimicrobial additive in the polymer bulk, a modified histological method adapted for film materials and attenuated total internal reflection (ATR) spectroscopy in the infrared region were used with Fourier transform using a Lumos Bruker microscope (Germany) (ATR crystal based on germanium). Sample sections were analyzed using Leica 818 blades at an angle of 45 degrees. The histological method consists of the study of a biological object thin section, in the transmitted light of a microscope, stained with contrast dyes to reveal its structures, and placed on a glass slide. In the method modified for the present study, instead of a biological one, a synthetic object was used, namely the developed film materials with the addition of natural organic origin. Individual granules are about 2 µm long; chains can be up to 10 µm long. The thickness of the granules ranged from 1 to 1.5 microns. It can be seen that the depth distribution of granules in the film from the inner surface to the outer one is rather uniform. Spectroscopic studies using the method of automatic ATR mapping in the region of 880 cm−1 made it possible to evaluate the distribution of an antimicrobial additive based on triterpenoids on the surface and in the polymer bulk.
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Seok J, Hyun JH, Jin A, Um JH, Abruña HD, Yu SH. Visualization of Sodium Metal Anodes via Operando X-Ray and Optical Microscopy: Controlling the Morphological Evolution of Sodium Metal Plating. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:10438-10446. [PMID: 35175729 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c24673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Because of the abundance and cost effectiveness of sodium, rechargeable sodium metal batteries have been widely studied to replace current lithium-ion batteries. However, there are some critical unresolved issues including the high reactivity of sodium, an unstable solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI), and sodium dendrite formation. While several studies have been conducted to understand sodium plating/stripping processes, only a very limited number of studies have been carried out under operando conditions. We have employed operando X-ray and optical imaging techniques to understand the mechanistic behavior of Na metal plating. The morphology of sodium metal plated on a copper electrode depends strongly on the salts and solvents used in the electrolyte. The addition of a fluorine-containing additive to a carbonate-based electrolyte, NaClO4 in propylene carbonate (PC):fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), results in uniform sodium plating processes and much more stable cycling performance, compared to NaClO4 in PC, because of the formation of a stable SEI containing NaF. A NaF layer, on top of the sodium metal, leads to a much more uniform deposition of sodium and greatly enhanced cyclability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeesoo Seok
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Jae-Hwan Hyun
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Aihua Jin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Um
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Héctor D Abruña
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Seung-Ho Yu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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Fragola M, Arsieni A, Carelli N, Dattoli S, Maiellaro S, Perrone MR, Romano S. Pollen Monitoring by Optical Microscopy and DNA Metabarcoding: Comparative Study and New Insights. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:2624. [PMID: 35270312 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Environmental samples collected in Brindisi (Italy) by a Hirst-type trap and in Lecce (Italy) by a PM10 sampler were analysed by optical microscopy and DNA-metabarcoding, respectively, to identify airborne pollen and perform an exploratory study, highlighting the benefits and limits of both sampling/detection systems. The Hirst-type trap/optical-microscopy system allowed detecting pollen on average over the full bloom season, since whole pollen grains, whose diameter vary within 10–100 μm, are required for morphological detection with optical microscopy. Conversely, pollen fragments with an aerodynamic diameter ≤10 μm were collected in Lecce by the PM10 sampler. Pollen grains and fragments are spread worldwide by wind/atmospheric turbulences and can age in the atmosphere, but aerial dispersal, aging, and long-range transport of pollen fragments are favoured over those of whole pollen grains because of their smaller size. Twenty-four Streptophyta families were detected in Lecce throughout the sampling year, but only nine out of them were in common with the 21 pollen families identified in Brindisi. Meteorological parameters and advection patterns were rather similar at both study sites, being only 37 km apart in a beeline, but their impact on the sample taxonomic structure was different, likely for the different pollen sampling/detection systems used in the two monitoring areas.
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Germinario G, Talarico F, Torre M. Microanalyses and Spectroscopic Techniques for the Identification of Pigments and Pictorial Materials in Monet's Pink Water Lilies Painting. Microsc Microanal 2022; 28:27-41. [PMID: 34776037 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927621013556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the technique and the pictorial materials employed by Claude Monet in Pink Water Lilies, presently housed at the National Gallery of Modern and Contemporary Art in Rome, were investigated. The painting underwent noninvasive investigations such as energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence and visible reflectance spectroscopies. The combined use of these techniques allowed us to identify most of the inorganic pigments such as cobalt blue and violet, zinc oxide, cadmium yellow, vermilion, and mixtures. Particularly, the spectrophotometric curves allow for the detection of the anhydrous and hydrated chromium greens. Two micro-fragments of the painting were also examined with micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and the cross-sections obtained were analyzed with the optical microscope and with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS). Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy analyses allowed us to recognize the animal glue used for priming the canvas, which was covered with a ground layer consisting of calcite and lead white mixed with an oil binder. A lipidic binder was also detected in the color layer. Optical microscopy and SEM-EDS were useful to retrieve information about the stratigraphy, the distribution of pigments, and a more complete palette identification of phosphate, arsenate, and magnesium arsenate cobalt violets, and the red lake was possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Germinario
- Institute of Heritage Science - National Research Council (ISPC-CNR), via per Monteroni, 73100Lecce, Italy
| | - Fabio Talarico
- Istituto Centrale per il Restauro, via di San Michele 25, 00153Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Torre
- Istituto Centrale per il Restauro, via di San Michele 25, 00153Rome, Italy
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Badon A, Andrique L, Mombereau A, Rivet L, Boyreau A, Nassoy P, Recher G. The Incubascope: a simple, compact and large field of view microscope for long-term imaging inside an incubator. R Soc Open Sci 2022; 9:211444. [PMID: 35154792 PMCID: PMC8826139 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.211444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Optical imaging has rapidly evolved in the last decades. Sophisticated microscopes allowing optical sectioning for three-dimensional imaging or sub-diffraction resolution are available. Due to price and maintenance issues, these microscopes are often shared between users in facilities. Consequently, long-term access is often prohibited and does not allow to monitor slowly evolving biological systems or to validate new models like organoids. Preliminary coarse long-term data that do not require acquisition of terabytes of high-resolution images are important as a first step. By contrast with expensive all-in-one commercialized stations, standard microscopes equipped with incubator stages offer a more cost-effective solution despite imperfect long-run atmosphere and temperature control. Here, we present the Incubascope, a custom-made compact microscope that fits into a table-top incubator. It is cheap and simple to implement, user-friendly and yet provides high imaging performances. The system has a field of view of 5.5 × 8 mm2, a 3 μm resolution, a 10 frames per second acquisition rate, and is controlled with a Python-based graphical interface. We exemplify the capabilities of the Incubascope on biological applications such as the hatching of Artemia salina eggs, the growth of the slime mould Physarum polycephalum and of encapsulated spheroids of mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Badon
- LP2N, Laboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences, University Bordeaux, Talence 33400, France
- Institut d’Optique Graduate School and CNRS UMR 5298, Talence 33400, France
| | - L. Andrique
- TBMCore VoxCell Facility, University Bordeaux, UMS CNRS 3427, Inserm US 005, Bordeaux 33076, France
| | - A. Mombereau
- LP2N, Laboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences, University Bordeaux, Talence 33400, France
- Institut d’Optique Graduate School and CNRS UMR 5298, Talence 33400, France
| | - L. Rivet
- LP2N, Laboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences, University Bordeaux, Talence 33400, France
- Institut d’Optique Graduate School and CNRS UMR 5298, Talence 33400, France
| | - A. Boyreau
- LP2N, Laboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences, University Bordeaux, Talence 33400, France
- Institut d’Optique Graduate School and CNRS UMR 5298, Talence 33400, France
| | - P. Nassoy
- LP2N, Laboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences, University Bordeaux, Talence 33400, France
- Institut d’Optique Graduate School and CNRS UMR 5298, Talence 33400, France
| | - G. Recher
- LP2N, Laboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences, University Bordeaux, Talence 33400, France
- Institut d’Optique Graduate School and CNRS UMR 5298, Talence 33400, France
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