1
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Gallarati S, van Gerwen P, Laplaza R, Brey L, Makaveev A, Corminboeuf C. A genetic optimization strategy with generality in asymmetric organocatalysis as a primary target. Chem Sci 2024; 15:3640-3660. [PMID: 38455002 PMCID: PMC10915838 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06208b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
A catalyst possessing a broad substrate scope, in terms of both turnover and enantioselectivity, is sometimes called "general". Despite their great utility in asymmetric synthesis, truly general catalysts are difficult or expensive to discover via traditional high-throughput screening and are, therefore, rare. Existing computational tools accelerate the evaluation of reaction conditions from a pre-defined set of experiments to identify the most general ones, but cannot generate entirely new catalysts with enhanced substrate breadth. For these reasons, we report an inverse design strategy based on the open-source genetic algorithm NaviCatGA and on the OSCAR database of organocatalysts to simultaneously probe the catalyst and substrate scope and optimize generality as a primary target. We apply this strategy to the Pictet-Spengler condensation, for which we curate a database of 820 reactions, used to train statistical models of selectivity and activity. Starting from OSCAR, we define a combinatorial space of millions of catalyst possibilities, and perform evolutionary experiments on a diverse substrate scope that is representative of the whole chemical space of tetrahydro-β-carboline products. While privileged catalysts emerge, we show how genetic optimization can address the broader question of generality in asymmetric synthesis, extracting structure-performance relationships from the challenging areas of chemical space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Gallarati
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Puck van Gerwen
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
- National Center for Competence in Research - Catalysis (NCCR-Catalysis), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Ruben Laplaza
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
- National Center for Competence in Research - Catalysis (NCCR-Catalysis), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Lucien Brey
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Alexander Makaveev
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Clemence Corminboeuf
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
- National Center for Competence in Research - Catalysis (NCCR-Catalysis), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
- National Center for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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2
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Xu X, Zhu Z, Liu B. Crystal structure of methyl 2-(2-chloroacetyl)-1-(4-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl)-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1 H-pyrido[3,4- b] indole-3-carboxylate, C 23H 21ClN 2O 5. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2023. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2022-0579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
C23H21ClN2O5, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 9.191(3) Å, b = 10.725(5) Å, c = 11.2390(10) Å, β = 109.869(13)°, V = 1041.9(6) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt
(F) = 0.0609, wR
ref
(F
2) = 0.1695, T = 293 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical & Chemical Engineering, Xianyang Vocational Technical College , Xianyang , Shaanxi , China
| | - Zhoujing Zhu
- Xianyang Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Drug Synthesis, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi Institute of International Trade & Commerce , Xianyang , Shaanxi , China
| | - Bin Liu
- Xianyang Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Drug Synthesis, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi Institute of International Trade & Commerce , Xianyang , Shaanxi , China
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3
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Biswas A. Organocatalyzed Asymmetric Pictet‐Spengler Reactions. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anup Biswas
- Departmentof Chemistry Hooghly Women's College Vivekanada Road, Pipulpati Hooghly 712102 India
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4
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Liu X, Wang Y, Zheng H, Huang J, Su Z, Zhao L, Cao H. Construction of Diverse N-Heterocycles by Formal (3 + 3) Cycloaddition of Naphthol/Thionaphthol/Naphthylamine and 1,3,5-Triazinanes. J Org Chem 2023; 88:75-85. [PMID: 36537803 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report a facile and metal-free method for the construction of dihydrooxazine derivatives via a formal (3 + 3) annulation reaction of naphthols and 1,3,5-triazinanes. The 1,3,5-triazinanes were utilized as a formal three-atom synthon (C-N-C) for cycloaddition. In addition, dihydrothiazine and tetrahydrobenzoquinazoline derivatives could also be produced in good yields by this strategy under catalyst-free and additive-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, P. R. of China
| | - Yuhan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, P. R. of China
| | - Huitao Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, P. R. of China
| | - Junyan Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, P. R. of China
| | - Zhengquan Su
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Limin Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, P. R. of China
| | - Hua Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, P. R. of China
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5
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Andres R, Sun F, Wang Q, Zhu J. Organocatalytic Enantioselective Pictet-Spengler Reaction of α-Ketoesters: Development and Application to the Total Synthesis of (+)-Alstratine A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202213831. [PMID: 36347809 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We report herein an asymmetric Pictet-Spengler reaction of α-ketoesters. In the presence of a catalytic amount of simple alanine-derived squaramide and p-nitrobenzoic acid, reaction of tryptamines with methyl 2-oxoalkanoates afforded the corresponding 1-alkyl-1-methoxycarbonyl tetrahydro-β-carbolines (THBCs) in high yields and ee values. A primary kinetic isotope effect (KIE=4.5) using C2-deteurium-labelled tryptamine indicates that rearomatization through deprotonation of the pentahydro-β-carbolinium ion could be the rate- and enantioselectivity-determining step. A concise enantioselective total synthesis of (+)-alstratine A, a hexacyclic cagelike monoterpene indole alkaloid, featuring this reaction as a key step, was subsequently accomplished. Remeasurement of the [a]D value of the natural product indicates that natural alstratine A is dextrorotatory rather than levorotatory as it was initially reported in the isolation paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Andres
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products (LSPN), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH, 5304, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fenggang Sun
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products (LSPN), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH, 5304, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.,School of Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049, P. R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products (LSPN), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH, 5304, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jieping Zhu
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products (LSPN), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH, 5304, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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6
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Wagen CC, McMinn SE, Kwan EE, Jacobsen EN. Screening for generality in asymmetric catalysis. Nature 2022; 610:680-686. [PMID: 36049504 PMCID: PMC9645431 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05263-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Research in the field of asymmetric catalysis over the past half century has resulted in landmark advances, enabling the efficient synthesis of chiral building blocks, pharmaceuticals and natural products1-3. A small number of asymmetric catalytic reactions have been identified that display high selectivity across a broad scope of substrates; not coincidentally, these are the reactions that have the greatest impact on how enantioenriched compounds are synthesized4-8. We postulate that substrate generality in asymmetric catalysis is rare not simply because it is intrinsically difficult to achieve, but also because of the way chiral catalysts are identified and optimized9. Typical discovery campaigns rely on a single model substrate, and thus select for high performance in a narrow region of chemical space. Here we put forth a practical approach for using multiple model substrates to select simultaneously for both enantioselectivity and generality in asymmetric catalytic reactions from the outset10,11. Multisubstrate screening is achieved by conducting high-throughput chiral analyses by supercritical fluid chromatography-mass spectrometry with pooled samples. When applied to Pictet-Spengler reactions, the multisubstrate screening approach revealed a promising and unexpected lead for the general enantioselective catalysis of this important transformation, which even displayed high enantioselectivity for substrate combinations outside of the screening set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corin C Wagen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Eugene E Kwan
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co. Inc, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Eric N Jacobsen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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7
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Zhang J, Gu M, Bai X. The crystal structure of (1S,3R)-1-(4-isopropylphenyl)-3-(methoxycarbonyl)-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-2-iumchloride monohydrate, C 22H 27ClN 2O 3. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2022-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C22H27ClN2O3, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 8.6797(3) Å, b = 9.8809(3) Å, c = 24.7824(8) Å, V = 2125.42(12) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0478, wR
ref
(F
2) = 0.1082, T = 170 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxiao Zhang
- College of Food and Medicine , Luoyang Normal University , Luoyang , China
| | - Miao Gu
- College of Food and Medicine , Luoyang Normal University , Luoyang , China
| | - Xinyu Bai
- College of Food and Medicine , Luoyang Normal University , Luoyang , China
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8
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Andres R, Wang Q, Zhu J. Catalytic Enantioselective Pictet-Spengler Reaction of α-Ketoamides Catalyzed by a Single H-Bond Donor Organocatalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201788. [PMID: 35225416 PMCID: PMC9313548 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The asymmetric Pictet–Spengler reaction (PSR) with aldehydes is well known. However, PSR involving ketones as electrophilic partners is far‐less developed. We report herein the first examples of catalytic enantioselective PSR of tryptamines with α‐ketoamides. A new class of easily accessible prolyl‐urea organocatalysts bearing a single H‐bond donor function catalyzes the title reaction to afford 1,1‐disubstituted tetrahydro‐β‐carbolines in excellent yields and enantioselectivities. The kinetic isotope effect using C2‐deuterium‐labelled tryptamine indicates that the rearomatization of the pentahydro‐β‐carbolinium ion intermediate might be the rate‐ and the enantioselectivity‐determining step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Andres
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH, 5304, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Qian Wang
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH, 5304, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jieping Zhu
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH, 5304, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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9
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Andres R, Wang Q, Zhu J. Catalytic Enantioselective Pictet–Spengler Reaction of α‐Ketoamides Catalyzed by a Single H‐Bond Donor Organocatalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Andres
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH 5304, 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Qian Wang
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH 5304, 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Jieping Zhu
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH 5304, 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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10
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Nakamura S, Matsuda Y, Takehara T, Suzuki T. Enantioselective Pictet-Spengler Reaction of Acyclic α-Ketoesters Using Chiral Imidazoline-Phosphoric Acid Catalysts. Org Lett 2022; 24:1072-1076. [PMID: 35080408 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c04316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The first enantioselective Pictet-Spengler reaction of acyclic α-ketoesters with tryptamines has been developed. Excellent yields and enantioselectivity were obtained for the reaction using chiral imidazoline-phosphoric acid catalysts. Density functional theory calculations suggested possible transition states that explain the origin of chiral induction. This process provides an efficient route for the synthesis of tetrahydro-β-carboline derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Nakamura
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan.,Department of Frontier Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Matsuda
- Department of Frontier Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Tsunayoshi Takehara
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Takeyuki Suzuki
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
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11
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Liu M, Li W, Huang M, Yan Y, Li M, Cao L, Zhang X. Enantioselective intramolecular Pictet–Spengler type annulation of indole-linked 3-methyleneisoindolin-1-ones. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00517d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric intramolecular Pictet–Spengler type annulation of indole-linked 3-methyleneisoindolin-1-ones provided isoindolinone fused tetrahydro β-carbolines with moderate to good enantioselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Asymmetric Synthesis and Chiraltechnology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Department of Chemistry, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenzhe Li
- Asymmetric Synthesis and Chiraltechnology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Department of Chemistry, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Huang
- Asymmetric Synthesis and Chiraltechnology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Department of Chemistry, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingkun Yan
- Asymmetric Synthesis and Chiraltechnology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Department of Chemistry, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Li
- Asymmetric Synthesis and Chiraltechnology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Department of Chemistry, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lianyi Cao
- Asymmetric Synthesis and Chiraltechnology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Department of Chemistry, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Asymmetric Synthesis and Chiraltechnology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Department of Chemistry, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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