1
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Yan W, Poore AT, Yin L, Carter S, Ho YS, Wang C, Yachuw SC, Cheng YH, Krause JA, Cheng MJ, Zhang S, Tian S, Liu W. Catalytically Relevant Organocopper(III) Complexes Formed through Aryl-Radical-Enabled Oxidative Addition. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:15176-15185. [PMID: 38770641 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Stepwise oxidative addition of copper(I) complexes to form copper(III) species via single electron transfer (SET) events has been widely proposed in copper catalysis. However, direct observation and detailed investigation of these fundamental steps remain elusive owing largely to the typically slow oxidative addition rate of copper(I) complexes and the instability of the copper(III) species. We report herein a novel aryl-radical-enabled stepwise oxidative addition pathway that allows for the formation of well-defined alkyl-CuIII species from CuI complexes. The process is enabled by the SET from a CuI species to an aryl diazonium salt to form a CuII species and an aryl radical. Subsequent iodine abstraction from an alkyl iodide by the aryl radical affords an alkyl radical, which then reacts with the CuII species to form the alkyl-CuIII complex. The structure of resultant [(bpy)CuIII(CF3)2(alkyl)] complexes has been characterized by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. Competition experiments have revealed that the rate at which different alkyl iodides undergo oxidative addition is consistent with the rate of iodine abstraction by carbon-centered radicals. The CuII intermediate formed during the SET process has been identified as a four-coordinate complex, [CuII(CH3CN)2(CF3)2], through electronic paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies. The catalytic relevance of the high-valent organo-CuIII has been demonstrated by the C-C bond-forming reductive elimination reactivity. Finally, localized orbital bonding analysis of these formal CuIII complexes indicates inverted ligand fields in σ(Cu-CH2) bonds. These results demonstrate the stepwise oxidative addition in copper catalysis and provide a general strategy to investigate the elusive formal CuIII complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Andrew T Poore
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Lingfeng Yin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Samantha Carter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Yeu-Shiuan Ho
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Stephen C Yachuw
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Yu-Ho Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Jeanette A Krause
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Mu-Jeng Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Shiliang Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
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2
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Zhao Y, Zhang J, Zhan ZJ, Fan Q, Xiao XQ, Bai Y, Ni SF, Shao X. Synthesis of Azo-Substituted Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs) via Base-Promoted Halogen Atom Transfer. Org Lett 2024; 26:4406-4410. [PMID: 38742800 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Because of the three-dimensional bioisosteric feature, bicyclo[1.1.1]pentylamines (BCPAs) are valuable scaffolds in synthetic chemistry and medicinal chemistry. Here, we report a Halogen Atom Transfer (XAT) mediated radical C-N coupling between C3-iodo-BCPs and diazonium salts in the presence of base. Similarly, a multicomponent reaction (MCR) enables the simultaneous construction of the C-C bond and C-N bond simultaneously. Versatile roles of diazonium salts were also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchuang Zhao
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Jin Zhan
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guang-dong Province, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, P. R. China
| | - Qiujin Fan
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| | - Xu-Qiong Xiao
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| | - Ying Bai
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| | - Shao-Fei Ni
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guang-dong Province, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, P. R. China
| | - Xinxin Shao
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
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3
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Geniller L, Taillefer M, Jaroschik F, Prieto A. Photocatalyzed Amination of Alkyl Halides to Access Primary Amines. J Org Chem 2024; 89:656-664. [PMID: 38061988 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
We demonstrate that oxime ester derivatives can be used as both a halogen atom transfer (XAT) agent and an imine source under photocatalytic conditions, allowing the radical amination of alkyl halides, resulting in the formation of a broad scope of imines. Hydrolysis of the latter gives direct access to the corresponding primary amines. Mechanistically, the reaction is believed to proceed through the formation of aryl radical intermediates, which are responsible for the activation of alkyl halides via XAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Geniller
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Marc Taillefer
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | | | - Alexis Prieto
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34000 Montpellier, France
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4
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Zhang TB, Wang F, Ouyang JY, Luo ZW, Qin JH, Li JH, Ouyang XH. Aryldiazonium-Salt-Triggered Carboxylative Azotization of Pyrroles or Indoles with Polyhalomethanes via Halogen-Atom Transfer (XAT). Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 38175821 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
A halogen-atom-transfer (XAT)-based method for carbonylazotization of pyrroles or indoles with aryldiazonium salts and polyhalomethanes via dual C(sp2)-H bond functionalization is described. Using aryldiazonium salts realizes carbonylation/azotization of pyrroles or indoles via polyhalomethyl-radical-mediated and electrophilic substitution, thus providing a green, efficient, and step-economy approach for synthesis of multifunctional pyrroles or indoles from the easily available substrates. Notably, this strategy relies on the use of aryldiazonium salts to extend the well-established iodine atom transfer to bromine or chlorine atom transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Bao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Jun-Yao Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Zhen-Wei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Jing-Hao Qin
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Jin-Heng Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xuan-Hui Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
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5
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Al Zubaydi S, Onuigbo IO, Truesdell BL, Sevov CS. Cobalt-Catalyzed Electroreductive Alkylation of Unactivated Alkyl Chlorides with Conjugated Olefins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202313830. [PMID: 37963333 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Reactions of unactivated alkyl chlorides under mild and sustainable conditions are rare compared to those of alkyl bromides or iodides. As a result, synthetic methods capable of modifying the vast chemical space of chloroalkane reagents, wastes, and materials are limited. We report the cobalt-catalyzed reductive addition of unactivated alkyl chlorides to conjugated alkenes. Co-catalyzed activation of alkyl chlorides is performed under electroreductive conditions, and the resulting reactions constitute formal alkyl-alkyl bond formation. In addition to developing an operationally simple methodology, detailed mechanistic studies provide insights into the elementary steps of a proposed catalytic cycle. In particular, we propose a switch in the mechanism of C-Cl bond activation from nucleophilic substitution to halogen atom abstraction, which is critical for efficiently generating alkyl radicals. These mechanistic insights were leveraged in designing ligands that enable couplings of primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl chlorides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Al Zubaydi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 151 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Immaculata O Onuigbo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 151 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Blaise L Truesdell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 151 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Christo S Sevov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 151 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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6
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Yan W, Carter S, Hsieh CT, Krause JA, Cheng MJ, Zhang S, Liu W. Copper-Carbon Homolysis Competes with Reductive Elimination in Well-Defined Copper(III) Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:26152-26159. [PMID: 37992224 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Despite the recent advancements of Cu catalysis for the cross-coupling of alkyl electrophiles and the frequently proposed involvement of alkyl-Cu(III) complexes in such reactions, little is known about the reactivity of these high-valent complexes. Specifically, although the reversible interconversion between an alkyl-CuIII complex and an alkyl radical/CuII pair has been frequently proposed in Cu catalysis, direct observation of such steps in well-defined CuIII complexes remains elusive. In this study, we report the synthesis and investigation of alkyl-CuIII complexes, which exclusively undergo a Cu-C homolysis pathway to generate alkyl radicals and CuII species. Kinetic studies suggest a bond dissociation energy of 28.6 kcal/mol for the CuIII-C bonds. Moreover, these four-coordinate complexes could be converted to a solvated alkyl-CuIII-(CF3)2, which undergoes highly efficient C-CF3 bond-forming reductive elimination even at low temperatures (-4 °C). These results provide strong support for the reversible recombination of alkyl radicals with CuII to form alkyl-CuIII species, an elusive step that has been proposed in Cu-catalyzed mechanisms. Furthermore, our work has demonstrated that the reactivity of CuIII complexes could be significantly influenced by subtle changes in the coordination environment. Lastly, the observation of the highly reactive neutral alkyl-CuIII-(CF3)2 species (or with weakly bound solvent molecules) suggests they might be the true intermediates in many Cu-catalyzed trifluoromethylation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Samantha Carter
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Chi-Tien Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Jeanette A Krause
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Mu-Jeng Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
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7
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Li H, Qiu X, Zhang X, Wu X. Sulfonyl Group-Induced Remote C(sp 3)-N Bond Construction through Hydrogen Atom Transfer. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 38054933 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
This work demonstrates sulfonyl group-induced remote C(sp3)-N bond construction using a strategy of merging aryl radical-mediated halogen atom transfer and intramolecularly regioselective hydrogen atom transfer (HAT). A plethora of aliphatic sulfones, sulfonamides, and sulfonates are amenable and undergo regioselective C(sp3)-H amination by utilizing an iron salt at room temperature. This protocol involves iodine atom transfer, a HAT process enabled by an alkyl radical adjacent to a sulfonyl group, and amination mediated by an aryl diazonium salt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xiancheng Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xinxin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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8
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Xie F, Han F, Yan Y, Li H, Hao J, Jing L, Han P. Difluoromethylation-Carboxylation and -Deuteration of Alkenes Triggered by Electroreduction of Difluoromethyltriphenylphosphonium Bromide. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 38056421 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
It is significant to develop novel difluoromethylation methods because of the important roles of difluoromethyl groups in the medicinal chemistry and material industries. Here, we developed a novel difluoromethylation-carboxylation and difluoromethylation-deuteration method triggered by a difluoromethyl radical generated by electroreduction of stable and easily available difluoromethyltriphenylphosphonium bromide. Various molecules containing difluoromethyl and carboxyl or deuterium groups can be synthesized through this method. The establishment of this method will provide an alternative to radical difluoromethylation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenfen Xie
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Fen Han
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Yunying Yan
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Haiqiong Li
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Jianjun Hao
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Linhai Jing
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Pan Han
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
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9
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Sun X, Zheng K. Electrochemical halogen-atom transfer alkylation via α-aminoalkyl radical activation of alkyl iodides. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6825. [PMID: 37884528 PMCID: PMC10603137 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42566-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alkyl halides, widely recognized as important building blocks and reagents in organic synthesis, can serve as versatile alkyl radical precursors in radical-based transformations. However, generating alkyl radicals directly from unactivated alkyl halides under mild conditions remains a challenge due to their extremely low reduction potentials. To address this issue, α-aminoalkyl radicals were employed as efficient halogen-atom transfer (XAT) reagents in the photoredox activation of unactivated alkyl halides. Here, we report an effective electrooxidation strategy for generating alkyl radicals from unactivated alkyl iodides via an electrochemical halogen-atom transfer (e-XAT) process under mild conditions. The α-aminoalkyl radicals generated by anodic oxidation are demonstrated to be efficient XAT reagents in these transformations. This facile electricity-driven strategy obviates the need for sacrificial anodes and external chemical oxidants. The method successfully applies to a wide variety of alkyl iodides, including primary, secondary, and tertiary, as well as structurally diverse olefins, exhibiting excellent functional group tolerance. Moreover, we further demonstrate the utility of this strategy by rapidly functionalizing complex molecules and biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China
| | - Ke Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China.
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10
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Li QZ, Zeng R, Xu PS, Jin XH, Xie C, Yang QC, Zhang X, Li JL. Direct Acylation of Unactivated Alkyl Halides with Aldehydes through N-Heterocyclic Carbene Organocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309572. [PMID: 37581950 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic acylation of organohalides with aldehydes is an ideal strategy for the direct synthesis of ketones. However, the utilization of unactivated alkyl halides in such a transformation remains a formidable challenge. In this study, we developed a cross-coupling reaction of aldehydes with unactivated alkyl halides through N-heterocyclic carbene catalysis. With this protocol, various ketones could be rapidly synthesized from readily available starting materials under mild conditions. This organocatalytic system was successfully applied in the late-stage functionalization of pharmaceutical derivatives. Mechanistic investigations suggest a closed-shell nucleophilic substitution mechanism for this reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Zhu Li
- Anti-infective Agent Creation Engineering Research Centre of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Rong Zeng
- Anti-infective Agent Creation Engineering Research Centre of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Peng-Shuai Xu
- Anti-infective Agent Creation Engineering Research Centre of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Xin-Hang Jin
- Anti-infective Agent Creation Engineering Research Centre of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Chuan Xie
- Anti-infective Agent Creation Engineering Research Centre of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Qi-Chun Yang
- Anti-infective Agent Creation Engineering Research Centre of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Anti-infective Agent Creation Engineering Research Centre of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Jun-Long Li
- Anti-infective Agent Creation Engineering Research Centre of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
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11
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Zhao H, Gu Y, Shen Q. [(SIPr)Ag(CF 2 H)]: A Shelf-Stable, Versatile Difluoromethylation Reagent. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300124. [PMID: 37194962 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Due to its unique physical and electrophilic properties, the difluoromethyl group (-CF2 H) has been playing an irreplaceable role in the field of pharmaceutical and agrochemical industry. Methods that could efficiently incorporate the difluoromethyl group into the target molecules are increasing in the recent years. Developing a stable and efficient difluoromethylating reagent is thus highly attractive. In this review, we describe the development of a nucleophilic difluoromethylation reagent [(SIPr)Ag(CF2 H)], including its elemental reaction, difluoromethylation reaction with different types of electrophiles, and its application in the synthesis of a nucleophilic and an electrophilic difluoromethylthiolating reagent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yang Gu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Qilong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
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12
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Rinu PXT, Philip RM, Anilkumar G. Low-cost transition metal catalysed Negishi coupling: an update. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:6438-6455. [PMID: 37522832 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00784g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
The Negishi coupling is a significant C-C bond-forming reaction to access synthetically valuable organic compounds. In recent years, researchers have developed sustainable first-row transition metal (Fe, Co, Ni and Cu) based complexes in place of the conventional Pd catalyst for this reaction. Several such low-cost metal-based catalysts showed high efficiency and potential application in natural product synthesis. This review focuses on the recent achievements in low-cost transition metal-based Negishi coupling reactions, covering reports from 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rose Mary Philip
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills P O, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560 India.
| | - Gopinathan Anilkumar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills P O, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560 India.
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13
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Maity A, Studer A. 1,2-Aminoxyalkylation of alkenes with alkyl iodides and TEMPONa through SET- and XAT-processes. Chem Sci 2023; 14:7675-7680. [PMID: 37476718 PMCID: PMC10355098 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02544f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
1,2-Aminoxyalkylation of alkenes with alkyl iodides and TEMPONa in combination with an aryldiazonium salt as an XAT mediator is reported. Various primary, secondary and tertiary alkyl iodides engage as C-radical precursors in the 1,2-aminoxyalkylation with electrophilic alkenes as radical acceptors. The product alkoxyamines are readily transformed to the corresponding alcohols or ketones upon reduction or oxidation, respectively. Mechanistic investigations reveal that aryl radicals, generated through SET-reduction of the aryl diazonium salt with TEMPONa, engage in XAT from unactivated alkyl halides to give alkyl radicals that can add to alkenes. Trapping of the adduct radicals with TEMPO provides the 1,2-aminoxyalkylation products. Transition metals are not required for these transformations that are conducted under mild conditions. Perfluoroalkyl halides directly react with TEMPONa and an aryldiazonium salt as XAT-mediator is not required for alkene 1,2-aminoxyperfluoroalkylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Maity
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Corrensstraße 40 48149 Munster Germany
| | - Armido Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Corrensstraße 40 48149 Munster Germany
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14
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Caiger L, Zhao H, Constantin T, Douglas JJ, Leonori D. The Merger of Aryl Radical-Mediated Halogen-Atom Transfer (XAT) and Copper Catalysis for the Modular Cross-Coupling-Type Functionalization of Alkyl Iodides. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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15
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Zeng X, Wang C, Yan W, Rong J, Song Y, Xiao Z, Cai A, Liang SH, Liu W. Aryl Radical Enabled, Copper-Catalyzed Sonogashira-Type Cross-Coupling of Alkynes with Alkyl Iodides. ACS Catal 2023; 13:2761-2770. [PMID: 37800120 PMCID: PMC10552849 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite the success of Sonogashira coupling for the synthesis of arylalkynes and conjugated enynes, the engagement of unactivated alkyl halides in such reactions remains historically challenging. We report herein a strategy that merges Cu-catalyzed alkyne transfer with the aryl radical activation of carbon-halide bonds to enable a general approach for the coupling of alkyl iodides with terminal alkynes. This unprecedented Sonogashira-type cross-coupling reaction tolerates a broad range of functional groups and has been applied to the late-stage cross-coupling of densely functionalized pharmaceutical agents as well as the synthesis of positron emission tomography tracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Zeng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Wenhao Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Jian Rong
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Yanshan Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Zhiwei Xiao
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Aijie Cai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Steven H Liang
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
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16
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Tang L, Lv G, Cheng R, Yang F, Zhou Q. Three-Component Perfluoroalkylvinylation of Alkenes Enabled by Dual DBU/Fe Catalysis. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203332. [PMID: 36351885 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a simple and efficient strategy that involves dual 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU)/iron-catalyzed alkene perfluoroalkylvinylation by using perfluoroalkyl iodides and 2-aminonaphthalene-1,4-diones as coupling partners is demonstrated. In terms of the developed catalytic system, various styrenes and aliphatic alkenes are well-tolerated, leading to the accurate preparation of perfluoroalkyl-containing 2-aminonaphthalene-1,4-diones in excellent regioselectivity. Moreover, the protocol can be readily applied in late-stage modifications of natural products and pharmaceuticals. The title reactions are featured by easily accessible and inexpensive catalysts and substrates, broad substrate applicability, and mild reaction conditions. Mechanistic investigations reveal a tandem C-I cleavable alkylation and C-C vinylation enabled by cooperative DBU/iron catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Utilization of Non-metallic Mineral in the South of Henan, Xinyang, 464000, P.R. China
| | - Ge Lv
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, P.R. China
| | - Ruimin Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, P.R. China
| | - Fang Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, P.R. China
| | - Qiuju Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, P.R. China
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17
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Bai D, Guo Y, Ma D, Guo X, Wu H. Copper-Catalyzed Hydroamination of gem-Difluoroalkenes Access to Diversified α-Difluoromethyl Amines. Org Lett 2023; 25:533-537. [PMID: 36637250 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The difluoromethyl group (CF2H) is of great importance in medicinal chemistry. We report herein an efficient method for the synthesis of diversified α-difluoromethyl amines through copper-catalyzed hydroamination of gem-difluoroalkenes, where the C-N bond formed via a α-CF2H transition-metal intermediate. This new reaction proceeds through Cu-H insertion to gem-difluoroalkenes and gives valuable alkyl-CF2H-containing compounds, which overcome the much more challenged β-F elimination from α-fluoroalkyl organocopper species. The reaction exhibits broad substrate scope with readily available starting materials and commercial catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dachang Bai
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pingyuan Laboratory, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P R China
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pingyuan Laboratory, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Dandan Ma
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pingyuan Laboratory, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Xiuli Guo
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pingyuan Laboratory, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Hao Wu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pingyuan Laboratory, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
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18
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Transition-metal free C-N bond formation from alkyl iodides and diazonium salts via halogen-atom transfer. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7961. [PMID: 36575172 PMCID: PMC9794826 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35613-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Construction of C-N bond continues to be one part of the most significant goals in organic chemistry because of the universal applications of amines in pharmaceuticals, materials and agrochemicals. However, E2 elimination through classic SN2 substitution of alkyl halides lead to generation of alkenes as major side-products. Thus, formation of a challenging C(sp3)-N bond especially on tertiary carbon center remains highly desirable. Herein, we present a practical alternative to prepare primary, secondary and tertiary alkyl amines with high efficiency between alkyl iodides and easily accessible diazonium salts. This robust transformation only employs Cs2CO3 promoting halogen-atom transfer (XAT) process under transition-metal-free reaction conditions, thus providing a rapid method to assemble diverse C(sp3)-N bonds. Moreover, diazonium salts served as alkyl radical initiator and amination reagent in the reaction. Mechanism studies suggest this reaction undergo through halogen-atom transfer process to generate active alkyl radical which couples with diazonium cations to furnish final products.
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19
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Li J, Li C, Hou J, Gao W, Chang X, Lu Q, Xu B. Intercepting Elusive Intermediates in Cu-Mediated CO Electrochemical Reduction with Alkyl Species. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:20495-20506. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chunsong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiajie Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenqiang Gao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaoxia Chang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bingjun Xu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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20
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Zhao H, Leng XB, Zhang W, Shen Q. [Ph
4
P]
+
[Cu(CF
2
H)
2
]
−
: A Powerful Difluoromethylating Reagent Inspired by Mechanistic Investigation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202210151. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haiwei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Xuebing B. Leng
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Centre for Green Chemistry and Department of Chemistry University of Massachusetts Boston 100 Morrissey Boulevard Boston Massachusetts 02125 USA
| | - Qilong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
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21
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Zhao H, Leng X, Zhang W, Shen Q. [Ph4P]+[Cu(CF2H)2]‐: A Powerful Difluoromethylating Reagent Inspired by Mechanistic Investigation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202210151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haiwei Zhao
- SIOC: Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry 345 Lingling Lu 200032 Shanghai CHINA
| | - Xuebing Leng
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry 345 Lingling Lu 200032 Shanghai CHINA
| | - Wei Zhang
- University of Massachusetts Boston Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Qilong Shen
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemsitry 345 Lingling Road 200032 Shanghai CHINA
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22
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Zhou N, Xia Z, Kuang K, Xu Q, Zhao F, Wang L, Zhang M. Visible-Light-Induced Difluoroalkylation of 1-(Allyloxy)-2-(1-arylvinyl)benzenes and 1-(1-Arylvinyl)-2-(vinyloxy)benzenes: Synthesis of Bis-Difluoroalkylated Benzoxepines and 2 H-Chromenes. Org Lett 2022; 24:5791-5796. [PMID: 35916599 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel visible-light-mediated difluoroalkylation of 1-(allyloxy)-2-(1-arylvinyl)benzenes and 1-(1-arylvinyl)-2-(vinyloxy)benzenes for the synthesis of bis-difluoroalkylated benzoxepines and 2H-chromenes is developed. This method features mild reaction conditions, good regioselectivity, a wide substrate scope, good functional-group compatibility, and late-stage modification. Preliminary mechanistic studies reveal that the generation of the CF2CO2Et radical is more prone to reaction with the double bond of the aryl group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nengneng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Ziqin Xia
- Key Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Kaimo Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Qiankun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Fangli Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Man Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
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23
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Yang H, Chen Z, Guo W, Gu Z. Synthesis of 2-Aryl Azetidines through Pd-Catalyzed Migration/Coupling of 3-Iodoazetidines and Aryl Boronic Acids. Org Lett 2022; 24:5731-5735. [PMID: 35901169 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of 3-iodoazetidines and nonheteroaryl boronic acids was reported. The [1,1'-biphenyl]-2-yldicyclohexylphosphane ligand enabled the reaction that favored the formation of 2-aryl azetidines. The control experiments indicated that the reaction can proceed through either a palladium-hydride/dihydroazete complex or free dihydroazete intermediate followed by hydropalladation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Guo
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhua Gu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China.,College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China
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24
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25
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Shi L, An D, Mei GJ. Difluoromethylation of Heterocycles via a Radical Process. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00762b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Difluoromethylation is of prime importance for its applicability in functionalizing diverse fluorine-containing heterocycles, which are core moieties of various biologically and pharmacologically active ingredients. Due to their significant biological and...
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26
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Feng J, Jia X, Zhang S, Lu K, Cahard D. State of knowledge in photoredox-catalysed direct difluoromethylation. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00551d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The combination of visible light photoredox catalysis with direct difluoromethylation has allowed the synthesis of a large choice of CF2H-containing value-added molecules under very mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxu Feng
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, P.R. China
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Jia
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, P.R. China
| | - Shuyue Zhang
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, P.R. China
| | - Kui Lu
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, P.R. China
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, P.R. China
| | - Dominique Cahard
- CNRS, UMR 6014 COBRA, Normandie Université, 76821 Mont Saint Aignan, France
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