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Teng X, Qiao Z, Yu S, Liu Y, Lou X, Zhang H, Ge Z, Yang W. Recent Advances in Microrobots Powered by Multi-Physics Field for Biomedical and Environmental Applications. Micromachines (Basel) 2024; 15:492. [PMID: 38675303 PMCID: PMC11051856 DOI: 10.3390/mi15040492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Microrobots powered by multi-physics fields are becoming a hotspot for micro-nano manufacturing. Due to the small size of microrobots, they can easily enter small spaces that are difficult for ordinary robots to reach and perform a variety of special tasks. This gives microrobots a broad application prospect in many fields. This paper describes the materials, structures, and driving principles of microrobots in detail and analyzes the advantages and limitations of their driving methods in depth. In addition, the paper discusses the detailed categorization of the action forms of microrobots and explores their diversified motion modes and their applicable scenarios. Finally, the article highlights the wide range of applications of microrobots in the fields of biomedicine and environmental protection, emphasizing their great potential for solving real-world problems and advancing scientific progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Teng
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (X.T.); (Z.Q.); (S.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Zezheng Qiao
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (X.T.); (Z.Q.); (S.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Shuxuan Yu
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (X.T.); (Z.Q.); (S.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Yujie Liu
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (X.T.); (Z.Q.); (S.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Xinyu Lou
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (X.T.); (Z.Q.); (S.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Huanbin Zhang
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (X.T.); (Z.Q.); (S.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Zhixing Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China;
| | - Wenguang Yang
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (X.T.); (Z.Q.); (S.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (H.Z.)
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Hu R, Lan J, Zhang D, Shen W. Nanotherapeutics for prostate cancer treatment: A comprehensive review. Biomaterials 2024; 305:122469. [PMID: 38244344 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most prevalent solid organ malignancy and seriously affects male health. The adverse effects of prostate cancer therapeutics can cause secondary damage to patients. Nanotherapeutics, which have special targeting abilities and controlled therapeutic release profiles, may serve as alternative agents for PCa treatment. At present, many nanotherapeutics have been developed to treat PCa and have shown better treatment effects in animals than traditional therapeutics. Although PCa nanotherapeutics are highly attractive, few successful cases have been reported in clinical practice. To help researchers design valuable nanotherapeutics for PCa treatment and avoid useless efforts, herein, we first reviewed the strategies and challenges involved in prostate cancer treatment. Subsequently, we presented a comprehensive review of nanotherapeutics for PCa treatment, including their targeting methods, controlled release strategies, therapeutic approaches and mechanisms. Finally, we proposed the future prospects of nanotherapeutics for PCa treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruimin Hu
- Department of Urology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China; Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China; Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jin Lan
- Department of Ultrasound, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Dinglin Zhang
- Department of Urology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China; Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Wenhao Shen
- Department of Urology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
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Pang E, Li X, Zhao S, Tang Y, Xing X, Wang Q, Yang K, Wang B, Jin S, Song X, Lan M. Calcium-enriched carbon nanoparticles loaded with indocyanine green for near-infrared fluorescence imaging-guided synergistic calcium overload, photothermal therapy, and glutathione-depletion-enhanced photodynamic therapy. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:1846-1853. [PMID: 38284427 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02690f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Combining phototherapy with other treatments has significantly advanced cancer therapy. Here, we designed and fabricated calcium-enriched carbon nanoparticles (Ca-CNPs) that could effectively deplete glutathione (GSH) and release calcium ions in tumors, thereby enhancing the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and the calcium overload effect that leads to mitochondrial dysfunction. Due to the electrostatic interaction, π-π stacking interaction, multiple hydrogen bonds, and microporous structures, indocyanine green (ICG) was loaded onto the surface of Ca-CNPs with a high loading efficiency of 44.7 wt%. The obtained Ca-CNPs@ICG can effectively improve the photostability of ICG while retaining its ability to generate singlet oxygen (1O2) and undergo photothermal conversion (Ca-CNPs@ICG vs. ICG, 45.1% vs. 39.5%). In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that Ca-CNPs@ICG could be used for near-infrared fluorescence imaging-guided synergistic calcium overload, photothermal therapy, and GSH depletion-enhanced PDT. This study sheds light on the improvement of 1O2 utilization efficiency and calcium overload-induced mitochondrial membrane potential imbalance in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Pang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, P. R. China.
| | - Xiangcao Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, P. R. China.
| | - Shaojing Zhao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, P. R. China.
| | - Yuanyu Tang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, P. R. China.
| | - Xuejian Xing
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, P. R. China.
| | - Qin Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, P. R. China.
| | - Ke Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, P. R. China.
| | - Benhua Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, P. R. China.
| | - Shiguang Jin
- Center for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225300, P. R. China
| | - Xiangzhi Song
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, P. R. China.
| | - Minhuan Lan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, P. R. China.
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Zheng J, Huang R, Lin Z, Chen S, Yuan K. Nano/Micromotors for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy: Innovative Designs to Improve Biocompatibility. Pharmaceutics 2023; 16:44. [PMID: 38258055 PMCID: PMC10821023 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Nano/micromotors are artificial robots at the nano/microscale that are capable of transforming energy into mechanical movement. In cancer diagnosis or therapy, such "tiny robots" show great promise for targeted drug delivery, cell removal/killing, and even related biomarker sensing. Yet biocompatibility is still the most critical challenge that restricts such techniques from transitioning from the laboratory to clinical applications. In this review, we emphasize the biocompatibility aspect of nano/micromotors to show the great efforts made by researchers to promote their clinical application, mainly including non-toxic fuel propulsion (inorganic catalysts, enzyme, etc.), bio-hybrid designs, ultrasound propulsion, light-triggered propulsion, magnetic propulsion, dual propulsion, and, in particular, the cooperative swarm-based strategy for increasing therapeutic effects. Future challenges in translating nano/micromotors into real applications and the potential directions for increasing biocompatibility are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahuan Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China;
| | - Rui Huang
- Bio-Analytical Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; (R.H.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhexuan Lin
- Bio-Analytical Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; (R.H.); (Z.L.)
| | - Shaoqi Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Kaisong Yuan
- Bio-Analytical Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; (R.H.); (Z.L.)
- Department of Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
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Urso M, Ussia M, Peng X, Oral CM, Pumera M. Reconfigurable self-assembly of photocatalytic magnetic microrobots for water purification. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6969. [PMID: 37914692 PMCID: PMC10620202 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42674-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of artificial small-scale robotic swarms with nature-mimicking collective behaviors represents the frontier of research in robotics. While microrobot swarming under magnetic manipulation has been extensively explored, light-induced self-organization of micro- and nanorobots is still challenging. This study demonstrates the interaction-controlled, reconfigurable, reversible, and active self-assembly of TiO2/α-Fe2O3 microrobots, consisting of peanut-shaped α-Fe2O3 (hematite) microparticles synthesized by a hydrothermal method and covered with a thin layer of TiO2 by atomic layer deposition (ALD). Due to their photocatalytic and ferromagnetic properties, microrobots autonomously move in water under light irradiation, while a magnetic field precisely controls their direction. In the presence of H2O2 fuel, concentration gradients around the illuminated microrobots result in mutual attraction by phoretic interactions, inducing their spontaneous organization into self-propelled clusters. In the dark, clusters reversibly reconfigure into microchains where microrobots are aligned due to magnetic dipole-dipole interactions. Microrobots' active motion and photocatalytic properties were investigated for water remediation from pesticides, obtaining the rapid degradation of the extensively used, persistent, and hazardous herbicide 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4D). This study potentially impacts the realization of future intelligent adaptive metamachines and the application of light-powered self-propelled micro- and nanomotors toward the degradation of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) or micro- and nanoplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Urso
- Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 61200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Ussia
- Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 61200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Xia Peng
- Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 61200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Cagatay M Oral
- Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 61200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pumera
- Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 61200, Brno, Czech Republic.
- Advanced Nanorobots & Multiscale Robotics Laboratory, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 70800, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Hsueh-Shih Road 91, 40402, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, 03722, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Liu J, Huang Z, Yue H, Zhuang R, Li L, Chang X, Zhou D. A magnetic field-driven multi-functional "medical ship" for intestinal tissue collection in vivo. Nanoscale 2023; 15:15831-15839. [PMID: 37743755 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03770c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of intestinal cancer has risen significantly. Because of the many challenges posed by the complex environment of the intestine, it is difficult to diagnose accurately and painlessly using conventional methods, which requires the development of new body-friendly diagnostic methods. Micro- and nanomotors show great potential for biomedical applications in restricted environments. However, the difficulty of recycling has been a constraint in the collection of biological tissues for diagnostic purposes. Here, we propose a multi-functional "medical ship" (MFMS) that can be rapidly driven by a magnetic field and can reversibly "open" and "close" its internal storage space under NIR laser irradiation. It provides a transportation and recovery platform for micro- and nanomotors and cargoes. In addition, fast selection of the MFMS and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) can be realized through adjusting the strength and frequency of the external magnetic field. Rapid encapsulation of intestinal tissues by MNPs was achieved using a low-frequency rotating magnetic field. In addition, we demonstrated the controlled release of MNPs using the MFMS and the collection of intestinal tissues. The proposed MFMS is an intelligent and controllable transportation platform with a simple structure, which is expected to be a new tool for performing medical tasks within the digestive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China.
| | - Zhiyuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China.
| | - Honger Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China.
| | - Rencheng Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China.
| | - Longqiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China.
| | - Xiaocong Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China.
- Chongqing Research Institute of Harbin Institute of Technology, Chongqing, 400722, China
| | - Dekai Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China.
- Chongqing Research Institute of Harbin Institute of Technology, Chongqing, 400722, China
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Zhu S, Cheng Y, Wang J, Liu G, Luo T, Li X, Yang S, Yang R. Biohybrid magnetic microrobots: An intriguing and promising platform in biomedicine. Acta Biomater 2023; 169:88-106. [PMID: 37572981 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Biohybrid magnetic microrobots (BMMs) have emerged as an exciting class of microrobots and have been considered as a promising platform in biomedicine. Many microorganisms and body's own cells show intriguing properties, such as morphological characteristics, biosafety, and taxis abilities (e.g., chemotaxis, aerotaxis), which have made them attractive for the fabrication of microrobots. For remote controllability and sustainable actuation, magnetic components are usually incorporated onto these biological entities, and other functionalized non-biological components (e.g., therapeutic agents) are also included for specific applications. This review highlights the latest developments in BMMs with a focus on their biomedical applications. It starts by introducing the fundamental understanding of the propulsion system at the microscale in a magnetically driven manner, followed by a summary of diverse BMMs based on different microorganisms and body's own cells along with their relevant applications. Finally, the review discusses how BMMs contribute to the advancements of microrobots, the current challenges of using BMMs in practical clinical settings, and the future perspectives of this exciting field. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Biohybrid magnetic microrobots (BMMs), composed of biological entities and functional parts, hold great potential and serve as a novel and promising platform for biomedical applications such as targeted drug delivery. This review comprehensively summarizes the recent advancements in BMMs for biomedical applications, mainly focused on the representative propulsion modalities in a magnetically propelled manner and diverse designs of BMMs based on different biological entities, including microorganisms and body's own cells. We hope this review can provide ideas for the future design, development, and innovation of micro/nanorobots in the field of biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilu Zhu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, 3D-Printing and Tissue Engineering Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yifan Cheng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, 3D-Printing and Tissue Engineering Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, 3D-Printing and Tissue Engineering Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Guangli Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, 3D-Printing and Tissue Engineering Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Tingting Luo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, 3D-Printing and Tissue Engineering Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Xiaojian Li
- Department of Management, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Shanlin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Process Optimization and Intelligent Decision-Making (Ministry of Education), Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Runhuai Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, 3D-Printing and Tissue Engineering Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
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Wang K, Li Y, Wang X, Zhang Z, Cao L, Fan X, Wan B, Liu F, Zhang X, He Z, Zhou Y, Wang D, Sun J, Chen X. Gas therapy potentiates aggregation-induced emission luminogen-based photoimmunotherapy of poorly immunogenic tumors through cGAS-STING pathway activation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2950. [PMID: 37221157 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38601-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The immunologically "cold" microenvironment of triple negative breast cancer results in resistance to current immunotherapy. Here, we reveal the immunoadjuvant property of gas therapy with cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) pathway activation to augment aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-active luminogen (AIEgen)-based photoimmunotherapy. A virus-mimicking hollow mesoporous tetrasulfide-doped organosilica is developed for co-encapsulation of AIEgen and manganese carbonyl to fabricate gas nanoadjuvant. As tetra-sulfide bonds are responsive to intratumoral glutathione, the gas nanoadjuvant achieves tumor-specific drug release, promotes photodynamic therapy, and produces hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Upon near-infrared laser irradiation, the AIEgen-mediated phototherapy triggers the burst of carbon monoxide (CO)/Mn2+. Both H2S and CO can destroy mitochondrial integrity to induce leakage of mitochondrial DNA into the cytoplasm, serving as gas immunoadjuvants to activate cGAS-STING pathway. Meanwhile, Mn2+ can sensitize cGAS to augment STING-mediated type I interferon production. Consequently, the gas nanoadjuvant potentiates photoimmunotherapy of poorly immunogenic breast tumors in female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyuan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, P. R. China
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Department of Translational Medicine & Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare-Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, P. R. China
| | - Xia Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Center for AIE Research, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Liping Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyuan Fan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Bin Wan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Fengxiang Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Xuanbo Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, P. R. China
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Zhonggui He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Yingtang Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province, 316004, China.
| | - Dong Wang
- Center for AIE Research, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Jin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore.
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore.
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore.
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Ussia M, Urso M, Kratochvilova M, Navratil J, Balvan J, Mayorga-Martinez CC, Vyskocil J, Masarik M, Pumera M. Magnetically Driven Self-Degrading Zinc-Containing Cystine Microrobots for Treatment of Prostate Cancer. Small 2023; 19:e2208259. [PMID: 36703532 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202208259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed tumor disease in men, and its treatment is still a big challenge in standard oncology therapy. Magnetically actuated microrobots represent the most promising technology in modern nanomedicine, offering the advantage of wireless guidance, effective cell penetration, and non-invasive actuation. Here, new biodegradable magnetically actuated zinc/cystine-based microrobots for in situ treatment of prostate cancer cells are reported. The microrobots are fabricated via metal-ion-mediated self-assembly of the amino acid cystine encapsulating superparamagnetic Fe3 O4 nanoparticles (NPs) during the synthesis, which allows their precise manipulation by a rotating magnetic field. Inside the cells, the typical enzymatic reducing environment favors the disassembly of the aminoacidic chemical structure due to the cleavage of cystine disulfide bonds and disruption of non-covalent interactions with the metal ions, as demonstrated by in vitro experiments with reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). In this way, the cystine microrobots served for site-specific delivery of Zn2+ ions responsible for tumor cell killing via a "Trojan horse effect". This work presents a new concept of cell internalization exploiting robotic systems' self-degradation, proposing a step forward in non-invasive cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Ussia
- Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, Brno, 61200, Czech Republic
| | - Mario Urso
- Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, Brno, 61200, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Kratochvilova
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University/Kamenice 5, Brno, CZ-625 00, Czech Republic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University/Kamenice 5, Brno, CZ-625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Navratil
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University/Kamenice 5, Brno, CZ-625 00, Czech Republic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University/Kamenice 5, Brno, CZ-625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Balvan
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University/Kamenice 5, Brno, CZ-625 00, Czech Republic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University/Kamenice 5, Brno, CZ-625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Carmen C Mayorga-Martinez
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague, 16628, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Vyskocil
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague, 16628, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Masarik
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University/Kamenice 5, Brno, CZ-625 00, Czech Republic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University/Kamenice 5, Brno, CZ-625 00, Czech Republic
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Průmyslová 595, 25250, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pumera
- Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, Brno, 61200, Czech Republic
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague, 16628, Czech Republic
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, Ostrava, 70800, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
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Wang X, Chan YS, Wong K, Yoshitake R, Sadava D, Synold TW, Frankel P, Twardowski PW, Lau C, Chen S. Mechanism-Driven and Clinically Focused Development of Botanical Foods as Multitarget Anticancer Medicine: Collective Perspectives and Insights from Preclinical Studies, IND Applications and Early-Phase Clinical Trials. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:701. [PMID: 36765659 PMCID: PMC9913787 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer progression and mortality remain challenging because of current obstacles and limitations in cancer treatment. Continuous efforts are being made to explore complementary and alternative approaches to alleviate the suffering of cancer patients. Epidemiological and nutritional studies have indicated that consuming botanical foods is linked to a lower risk of cancer incidence and/or improved cancer prognosis after diagnosis. From these observations, a variety of preclinical and clinical studies have been carried out to evaluate the potential of botanical food products as anticancer medicines. Unfortunately, many investigations have been poorly designed, and encouraging preclinical results have not been translated into clinical success. Botanical products contain a wide variety of chemicals, making them more difficult to study than traditional drugs. In this review, with the consideration of the regulatory framework of the USFDA, we share our collective experiences and lessons learned from 20 years of defining anticancer foods, focusing on the critical aspects of preclinical studies that are required for an IND application, as well as the checkpoints needed for early-phase clinical trials. We recommend a developmental pipeline that is based on mechanisms and clinical considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology & Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Yin S. Chan
- Department of Cancer Biology & Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Kelly Wong
- Department of Cancer Biology & Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Ryohei Yoshitake
- Department of Cancer Biology & Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - David Sadava
- Department of Cancer Biology & Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Timothy W. Synold
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Paul Frankel
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Przemyslaw W. Twardowski
- Department of Urologic Oncology, Saint John’s Cancer Institute, 2200 Santa Monica Blvd, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA
| | - Clayton Lau
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Shiuan Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology & Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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