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Zhang H, Han Y, Guan Q, You Z, Zhu M. Fast-Curing of Liquid Crystal Thermosets Enabled by End-Groups Regulation and In Situ Monitoring by Triboelectric Spectroscopy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2403908. [PMID: 38828745 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202403908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The development of high-performance polymer is crucial for the fabrication of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) used in extreme conditions. Liquid crystal polyarylate thermosets (LCTs) demonstrate great potential as triboelectric material by virtue of exceptional comprehensive properties. However, there are only a few specific end-groups like phenylethynyl matching the LCT polycondensation temperature (above 300 °C). Moreover, the excellent properties of LCTs rely on the crosslinked network formed with long curing time at high temperature, restricting their further application in triboelectric material. Herein, a fast-curing LCT is designed by terminating with 4-maleimidophenol possessing appropriate reactivity. The resultant LCT (MA-LC-MA) exhibits much lower polycondensation temperature (250-270 °C) and curing temperature of 300 °C within only 1 min compared to typical LCTs (cured at 370 °C for 1 h). Furthermore, the cured MA-LC-MA retains a high glass transition temperature of 135 °C, storage modulus of 6 MPa even at 350 °C, and great electrical output performance. Additionally, triboelectric measurement related to the dielectric properties that vary with crosslinked network is innovatively utilized as an analysis technique of curing progress. This work provides a new strategy to design high-performance TENGs and promotes the development of next generation thermosets in extreme conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Functional Materials, Research Base of Textile Materials for Flexible Electronics and Biomedical Applications (China Textile Engineering Society), Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yufei Han
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Functional Materials, Research Base of Textile Materials for Flexible Electronics and Biomedical Applications (China Textile Engineering Society), Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Qingbao Guan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Functional Materials, Research Base of Textile Materials for Flexible Electronics and Biomedical Applications (China Textile Engineering Society), Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Zhengwei You
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Functional Materials, Research Base of Textile Materials for Flexible Electronics and Biomedical Applications (China Textile Engineering Society), Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Meifang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Functional Materials, Research Base of Textile Materials for Flexible Electronics and Biomedical Applications (China Textile Engineering Society), Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
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Van Guyse JFR, Abbasi S, Toh K, Nagorna Z, Li J, Dirisala A, Quader S, Uchida S, Kataoka K. Facile Generation of Heterotelechelic Poly(2-Oxazoline)s Towards Accelerated Exploration of Poly(2-Oxazoline)-Based Nanomedicine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202404972. [PMID: 38651732 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Controlling the end-groups of biocompatible polymers is crucial for enabling polymer-based therapeutics and nanomedicine. Typically, end-group diversification is a challenging and time-consuming endeavor, especially for polymers prepared via ionic polymerization mechanisms with limited functional group tolerance. In this study, we present a facile end-group diversification approach for poly(2-oxazoline)s (POx), enabling quick and reliable production of heterotelechelic polymers to facilitate POxylation. The approach relies on the careful tuning of reaction parameters to establish differential reactivity of a pentafluorobenzyl initiator fragment and the living oxazolinium chain-end, allowing the selective introduction of N-, S-, O-nucleophiles via the termination of the polymerization, and a consecutive nucleophilic para-fluoro substitution. The value of this approach for the accelerated development of nanomedicine is demonstrated through the synthesis of well-defined lipid-polymer conjugates and POx-polypeptide block-copolymers, which are well-suited for drug and gene delivery. Furthermore, we investigated the application of a lipid-POx conjugate for the formulation and delivery of mRNA-loaded lipid nanoparticles for immunization against the SARS-COV-2 virus, underscoring the value of POx as a biocompatible polymer platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim F R Van Guyse
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, 210-0821, Kawasaki, Japan
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 21231, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Saed Abbasi
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, 210-0821, Kawasaki, Japan
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 21231, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kazuko Toh
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, 210-0821, Kawasaki, Japan
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 21231, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zlata Nagorna
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Junjie Li
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, 210-0821, Kawasaki, Japan
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 21231, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, 819-0395, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Anjaneyulu Dirisala
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, 210-0821, Kawasaki, Japan
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 21231, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sabina Quader
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, 210-0821, Kawasaki, Japan
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 21231, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Satoshi Uchida
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, 210-0821, Kawasaki, Japan
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 21231, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Medical, Chemistry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 606-0823, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Advanced Nanomedical Engineering, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 113-8510, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kataoka
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, 210-0821, Kawasaki, Japan
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 21231, Baltimore, MD, USA
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3
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Trachsel L, Konar D, Hillman JD, Davidson CLG, Sumerlin BS. Diversification of Acrylamide Polymers via Direct Transamidation of Unactivated Tertiary Amides. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:1627-1634. [PMID: 38189246 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Postpolymerization modification offers a versatile strategy for synthesizing complex macromolecules, yet modifying acrylamide polymers like poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) (PDMA) is notoriously challenging due to the inherent stability and low reactivity of amide bonds. In this study, we unveil a novel approach for the direct transamidation of PDMA, leveraging recent advances in the transamidation of unactivated tertiary amide substrates. By exploiting photoiniferter polymerization, we extended this direct transamidation approach to ultrahigh-molecular-weight (UHMW) PDMA, showcasing the unprecedented postpolymerization modification of synthetic polymers exceeding 106 g/mol. We also designed acrylamide copolymers comprising both the moderately reactive N-methyl-N-phenyl tertiary amides, along with the less reactive, fully alkyl-substituted N,N-dimethyl amides inherent to PDMA. This disparate reactivity enabled a sequential, chemoselective transamidation by initially targeting the more reactive pendant aryl amides with less nucleophilic aromatic amines, and second, transamidating the untouched N,N-dimethyl amide moieties with more nucleophilic aliphatic amines, yielding a uniquely diversified acrylamide copolymer. This work not only broadens the scope of postpolymerization modification strategies by pioneering direct transamidation of unactivated amides but also provides a robust platform for the design of intricate macromolecules, particularly in the realm of UHMW polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucca Trachsel
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, PO Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Debabrata Konar
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, PO Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Jason D Hillman
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, PO Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Cullen L G Davidson
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, PO Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Brent S Sumerlin
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, PO Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
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Kuroda K, Ouchi M. Umpolung Isomerization in Radical Copolymerization of Benzyl Vinyl Ether with Pentafluorophenylacrylate Leading to Degradable AAB Periodic Copolymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316875. [PMID: 37971837 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
This study revealed that benzyl vinyl ether (BnVE) shows a peculiar isomerization propagation in its radical copolymerization with an electron-deficient acrylate carrying a pentafluorophenyl group (PFA). The co-monomer pair inherently exhibits the cross-over propagation feature due to the large difference in the electron density. However, the radical species of PFA was found to undergo a backward isomerization to the penultimate BnVE pendant giving a benzyl radical species prior to propagation with BnVE. The isomerization brings a drastic change in the character of the growing radical species from electrophilic to nucleophilic, and thus the isomerized benzyl radial species propagates with PFA. Consequently, the two monomers were consumed in the order AAB (A: PFA; B: BnVE) and the unique periodic consumption was confirmed by the pseudo-reactivity ratios calculated by the penultimate model: r11 =0.174 and r21 =6600 for PFA (M1 ) with BnVE (M2 ). The pentafluorophenyl ester groups of the resulting copolymers are transformed into ester and amide groups by post-polymerization alcoholysis and aminolysis modifications. The unique isomerization in the AAB sequence allowed the periodic introduction of a benzyl ether structure in the backbone leading to efficient degradation under acid conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Kuroda
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Makoto Ouchi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
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Yang S, Liu W, Guo J, Yang Z, Qiao Z, Zhang C, Li J, Xu J, Zhao N. Direct and Catalyst-Free Ester Metathesis Reaction for Covalent Adaptable Networks. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:20927-20935. [PMID: 37710975 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Thermosetting polymers possess excellent environmental resistance and mechanical properties but cannot be reprocessed due to their covalently cross-linked structures. Recycling of thermosets via the implantation of dynamic covalent bonds offers a promising solution. Here, we report the direct and catalyst-free ester metathesis of N-acyloxyphthalimide (NAPI) at about 100 °C without the requirement of hydroxyl groups and its utilization for the fabrication of covalent adaptable networks (CANs). NAPI metathesis has interesting sigmoid kinetics with a fast exchange rate, which proceeds via a free radical chain mechanism, guaranteeing a fast associative exchange under a rather low dissociation. The bifunctional molecule of NAPI as both the radical precursor and substrate is the key to the dissociatively initiated associative (DAssociative) mechanism and kinetic behavior. Based on the efficient NAPI metathesis, polyester networks, poly(N-acyloxyphthalimides) (PNAPIs), show excellent malleability. Notably, PNAPIs exhibit exceptional solvent resistance and mechanical stability at elevated temperatures owing to the unique DAssociative mechanism, suggesting exciting opportunities for designing recyclable thermosetting polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijia Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenxing Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhusheng Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhi Qiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chenguang Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jikun Li
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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