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Alinejad MM, Ghasemzadeh K, Iulianelli A, Liguori S, Ghahremani M. CFD Development of a Silica Membrane Reactor during HI Decomposition Reaction Coupling with CO 2 Methanation at Sulfur-Iodine Cycle. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12050824. [PMID: 35269312 PMCID: PMC8912601 DOI: 10.3390/nano12050824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a novel structure of a hydrogen-membrane reactor coupling HI decomposition and CO2 methanation was proposed, and it was based on the adoption of silica membranes instead of metallic, according to their ever more consistent utilization as nanomaterial for hydrogen separation/purification. A 2D model was built up and the effects of feed flow rate, sweep gas flow rate and reaction pressure were examined by CFD simulation. This work well proves the feasibility and advantage of the membrane reactor that integrates HI decomposition and CO2 methanation reactions. Indeed, two membrane reactor systems were compared: on one hand, a simple membrane reactor without proceeding towards any CO2 methanation reaction; on the other hand, a membrane reactor coupling the HI decomposition with the CO2 methanation reaction. The simulations demonstrated that the hydrogen recovery in the first membrane reactor was higher than the methanation membrane reactor. This was due to the consumption of hydrogen during the CO2 methanation reaction, occurring in the permeate side of the second membrane reactor system, which lowered the amount of hydrogen recovered in the outlet streams. After model validation, this theoretical study allows one to evaluate the effect of different operating parameters on the performance of both the membrane reactors, such as the pressure variation between 1 and 5 bar, the feed flow rate between 10 and 50 mm3/s and the sweep gas flow rate between 166.6 and 833.3 mm3/s. The theoretical predictions demonstrated that the best results in terms of HI conversion were 74.5% for the methanation membrane reactor and 67% for the simple membrane reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Mohammad Alinejad
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Urmia University of Technology, Urmia 5756151818, Iran; (M.M.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Kamran Ghasemzadeh
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Urmia University of Technology, Urmia 5756151818, Iran; (M.M.A.); (M.G.)
- Correspondence: (K.G.); (A.I.)
| | - Adolfo Iulianelli
- Institute on Membrane Technology of the Italian National Research Council (CNR-ITM), Via P. Bucci Cubo 17/C, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
- Correspondence: (K.G.); (A.I.)
| | - Simona Liguori
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA;
| | - Milad Ghahremani
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Urmia University of Technology, Urmia 5756151818, Iran; (M.M.A.); (M.G.)
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Bayati B, Ghorbani A, Ghasemzadeh K, Iulianelli A, Basile A. Study on the Separation of H 2 from CO 2 Using a ZIF-8 Membrane by Molecular Simulation and Maxwell-Stefan Model. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234350. [PMID: 31795204 PMCID: PMC6930445 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purification of H2-rich streams using membranes represents an important separation process, particularly important in the viewpoint of pre-combustion CO2 capture. In this study, the separation of H2 from a mixture containing H2 and CO2 using a zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF)-8 membrane is proposed from a theoretical point of view. For this purpose, the adsorption and diffusion coefficients of H2 and CO2 were considered by molecular simulation. The adsorption of these gases followed the Langmuir model, and the diffusion coefficient of H2 was much higher than that of CO2. Then, using the Maxwell–Stefan model, the H2 and CO2 permeances and H2/CO2 permselectivities in the H2–CO2 mixtures were evaluated. Despite the fact that adsorption of CO2 was higher than H2, owing to the simultaneous interference of adsorption and diffusion processes in the membrane, H2 permeation was more pronounced than CO2. The modeling results showed that, for a ZIF-8 membrane, the H2/CO2 permselectivity for the H2–CO2 binary mixture 80/20 ranges between 28 and 32 at ambient temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrouz Bayati
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ilam University, Ilam 69315-516, Iran;
- Correspondence: (B.B.); (A.I.)
| | - Asma Ghorbani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ilam University, Ilam 69315-516, Iran;
| | - Kamran Ghasemzadeh
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Urmia University of Technology, Urmia 7166-93187, Iran;
| | - Adolfo Iulianelli
- Institute on Membrane Technology of the Italian National Research Council (CNR-ITM), via P. Bucci cubo 17/C, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy;
- Correspondence: (B.B.); (A.I.)
| | - Angelo Basile
- Institute on Membrane Technology of the Italian National Research Council (CNR-ITM), via P. Bucci cubo 17/C, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy;
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Progress in Modeling of Silica-Based Membranes and Membrane Reactors for Hydrogen Production and Purification. CHEMENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/chemengineering3010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen is seen as the new energy carrier for sustainable energy systems of the future. Meanwhile, proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stacks are considered the most promising alternative to the internal combustion engines for a number of transportation applications. Nevertheless, PEMFCs need high-grade hydrogen, which is difficultly stored and transported. To solve these issues, generating hydrogen using membrane reactor (MR) systems has gained great attention. In recent years, the role of silica membranes and MRs for hydrogen production and separation attracted particular interest, and a consistent literature is addressed in this field. Although most of the scientific publications focus on silica MRs from an experimental point of view, this review describes the progress done in the last two decades in terms of the theoretical approach to simulate silica MR performances in the field of hydrogen generation. Furthermore, future trends and current challenges about silica membrane and MR applications are also discussed.
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Dalena F, Senatore A, Basile M, Knani S, Basile A, Iulianelli A. Advances in Methanol Production and Utilization, with Particular Emphasis toward Hydrogen Generation via Membrane Reactor Technology. MEMBRANES 2018; 8:E98. [PMID: 30340434 PMCID: PMC6316867 DOI: 10.3390/membranes8040098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Methanol is currently considered one of the most useful chemical products and is a promising building block for obtaining more complex chemical compounds, such as acetic acid, methyl tertiary butyl ether, dimethyl ether, methylamine, etc. Methanol is the simplest alcohol, appearing as a colorless liquid and with a distinctive smell, and can be produced by converting CO₂ and H₂, with the further benefit of significantly reducing CO₂ emissions in the atmosphere. Indeed, methanol synthesis currently represents the second largest source of hydrogen consumption after ammonia production. Furthermore, a wide range of literature is focused on methanol utilization as a convenient energy carrier for hydrogen production via steam and autothermal reforming, partial oxidation, methanol decomposition, or methanol⁻water electrolysis reactions. Last but not least, methanol supply for direct methanol fuel cells is a well-established technology for power production. The aim of this work is to propose an overview on the commonly used feedstocks (natural gas, CO₂, or char/biomass) and methanol production processes (from BASF-Badische Anilin und Soda Fabrik, to ICI-Imperial Chemical Industries process), as well as on membrane reactor technology utilization for generating high grade hydrogen from the catalytic conversion of methanol, reviewing the most updated state of the art in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Dalena
- Chemistry & Chemical Technologies Department, University of Calabria, Cubo 15/D, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Senatore
- Chemistry & Chemical Technologies Department, University of Calabria, Cubo 15/D, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy.
| | - Marco Basile
- Department of Ambient, Territory and Chemical Engineering, University of Calabria, Cubo 44/A, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy.
| | - Sarra Knani
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux et Catalyse, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia.
| | - Angelo Basile
- Institute on Membrane Technology of the Italian National Research Council (CNR-ITM), Via P. Bucci, c/o University of Calabria, Cubo 17/C, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy.
| | - Adolfo Iulianelli
- Institute on Membrane Technology of the Italian National Research Council (CNR-ITM), Via P. Bucci, c/o University of Calabria, Cubo 17/C, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy.
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Modeling Fixed Bed Membrane Reactors for Hydrogen Production through Steam Reforming Reactions: A Critical Analysis. MEMBRANES 2018; 8:membranes8020034. [PMID: 29921794 PMCID: PMC6026897 DOI: 10.3390/membranes8020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Membrane reactors for hydrogen production have been extensively studied in the past years due to the interest in developing systems that are adequate for the decentralized production of high-purity hydrogen. Research in this field has been both experimental and theoretical. The aim of this work is two-fold. On the one hand, modeling work on membrane reactors that has been carried out in the past is presented and discussed, along with the constitutive equations used to describe the different phenomena characterizing the behavior of the system. On the other hand, an attempt is made to shed some light on the meaning and usefulness of models developed with different degrees of complexity. The motivation has been that, given the different ways and degrees in which transport models can be simplified, the process is not always straightforward and, in some cases, leads to conceptual inconsistencies that are not easily identifiable or identified.
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Bagnato G, Iulianelli A, Sanna A, Basile A. Glycerol Production and Transformation: A Critical Review with Particular Emphasis on Glycerol Reforming Reaction for Producing Hydrogen in Conventional and Membrane Reactors. MEMBRANES 2017; 7:membranes7020017. [PMID: 28333121 PMCID: PMC5489851 DOI: 10.3390/membranes7020017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glycerol represents an emerging renewable bio-derived feedstock, which could be used as a source for producing hydrogen through steam reforming reaction. In this review, the state-of-the-art about glycerol production processes is reviewed, with particular focus on glycerol reforming reactions and on the main catalysts under development. Furthermore, the use of membrane catalytic reactors instead of conventional reactors for steam reforming is discussed. Finally, the review describes the utilization of the Pd-based membrane reactor technology, pointing out the ability of these alternative fuel processors to simultaneously extract high purity hydrogen and enhance the whole performances of the reaction system in terms of glycerol conversion and hydrogen yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Bagnato
- School of Engineering & Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - Adolfo Iulianelli
- Institute on Membrane Technology of the Italian National Research Council (ITM-CNR), c/o University of Calabria, via P. Bucci Cubo 17/C, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Aimaro Sanna
- School of Engineering & Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - Angelo Basile
- Institute on Membrane Technology of the Italian National Research Council (ITM-CNR), c/o University of Calabria, via P. Bucci Cubo 17/C, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
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YIN XM, XIE XM, WU X, AN X. Catalytic performance of nickel immobilized on organically modified montmorillonite in the steam reforming of ethanol for hydrogen production. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-5813(16)30033-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abu El Hawa HW, Paglieri SN, Morris CC, Harale A, Douglas Way J. Application of a Pd–Ru composite membrane to hydrogen production in a high temperature membrane reactor. Sep Purif Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sathyaselvabala V, Thiruvengadaravi KV, Sudhakar M, Selvaraj DK, Sivanesan S. Optimization of free fatty acids reduction in Calophyllum inophyllum (pinnai) oil using modified zirconia catalyst for biodiesel production. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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