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de Souza MF, Luna CBB, Siqueira DD, Bezerra EDOT, de Cerqueira GR, Araújo EM, Wellen RMR. Toward the Improvement of Maleic Anhydride Functionalization in Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB): Effect of Styrene Monomer and Sn(Oct) 2 Catalyst. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14409. [PMID: 37833855 PMCID: PMC10572386 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) was maleic anhydride (MA)-grafted in the molten state, using dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as a reaction initiator. Tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate (Sn(Oct)2) and styrene monomer (St.) were used to maximize the maleic anhydride grafting degree. When PHB was modified with MA/DCP and MA/DCP/Sn(Oct)2, viscosity was reduced, suggesting chain scission in relation to pure PHB. However, when the styrene monomer was added, the viscosity increased due to multiple grafts of MA and styrene into the PHB chain. In addition, the FTIR showed the formation of a new band at 1780 cm-1 and 704 cm-1, suggesting a multiphase copolymer PHB-g-(St-co-MA). The PHB (MA/DCP) system showed a grafting degree of 0.23%; however, the value increased to 0.39% with incorporating Sn(Oct)2. The highest grafting efficiency was for the PHB (MA/DCP/St.) system with a value of 0.91%, while the PHB (MA/DCP/St./Sn(Oct)2) hybrid mixture was reduced to 0.73%. The chemical modification process of PHB with maleic anhydride increased the thermal stability by about 20 °C compared with pure PHB. The incorporation of 0.5 phr of the Sn(Oct)2 catalyst increased the efficiency of the grafting degree in the PHB. However, the St./Sn(Oct)2 hybrid mixture caused a deleterious effect on the maleic anhydride grafting degree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Ferreira de Souza
- Academic Unit of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Av. Aprígio Veloso, 882-Bodocongó, Campina Grande 58429-900, PB, Brazil; (M.F.d.S.); (D.D.S.); (E.M.A.)
| | - Carlos Bruno Barreto Luna
- Academic Unit of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Av. Aprígio Veloso, 882-Bodocongó, Campina Grande 58429-900, PB, Brazil; (M.F.d.S.); (D.D.S.); (E.M.A.)
| | - Danilo Diniz Siqueira
- Academic Unit of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Av. Aprígio Veloso, 882-Bodocongó, Campina Grande 58429-900, PB, Brazil; (M.F.d.S.); (D.D.S.); (E.M.A.)
| | | | - Grazielle Rozendo de Cerqueira
- Department of Materials Science, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. da Arquitetura-Cidade Universitária, Recife 50740-540, PE, Brazil;
| | - Edcleide Maria Araújo
- Academic Unit of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Av. Aprígio Veloso, 882-Bodocongó, Campina Grande 58429-900, PB, Brazil; (M.F.d.S.); (D.D.S.); (E.M.A.)
| | - Renate Maria Ramos Wellen
- Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Paraíba, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil
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Song L, Cong F, Wang W, Ren J, Chi W, Yang B, Zhang Q, Li Y, Li X, Wang Y. The Effect of Functionalized SEBS on the Properties of PP/SEBS Blends. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3696. [PMID: 37765550 PMCID: PMC10535659 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Styrene (St) was used as comonomer and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) as grafting monomer to prepare SEBS-g-(GMA-co-St) graft copolymers via melt grafting. Then, the graft copolymers were employed as a compatibilizer for melt blending polypropylene (PP) and hydrogenated styrene-butadiene-styrene (SEBS) triblock copolymers. The effects of the amount of GMA in the graft copolymers on thermal properties, rheology, crystallization, optical and mechanical properties, and microstructure of the blends were investigated. The results show that GMA and St were successfully grafted onto SEBS. The GMA amount in the graft copolymer significantly influenced the comprehensive properties of PP/SEBS/SEBS-g-(GMA-co-St) blends. The epoxy groups of GMA reacted with PP and SEBS, forming interfacial chemical bonds, thereby enhancing the compatibility between PP and SEBS to varying extents. After introducing SEBS-g-(GMA-co-St) into PP/SEBS blends, crystallinity decreased, crystal size increased while transmittance remained above 91% with rising GMA amount in the graft copolymers, indicating excellent optical properties. Notched impact strength and elongation at break of the blends showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with increased amounts of GMA in the graft copolymers. When the amount of GMA in the graft copolymers was 3 wt%, the blends exhibited optimal toughness with notched impact strength and elongation at break of 30,165.82 J/m2 and 1445.40%, respectively. This was attributed to the tightest dispersion interface adhesion and maximum matrix plastic deformation, consistent with the mechanical performance results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Song
- Polymer High Functional Film Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Fei Cong
- Polymer High Functional Film Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Wei Wang
- BatteroTech Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201417, China
| | - Jiannan Ren
- AVIC Shenyang Aircraft Corporation, Shenyang 110850, China
| | - Weihan Chi
- Polymer High Functional Film Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Bing Yang
- Polymer High Functional Film Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Polymer High Functional Film Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Yongchao Li
- Polymer High Functional Film Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Xianliang Li
- Polymer High Functional Film Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Yuanxia Wang
- Polymer High Functional Film Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
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A novel two-step melt blending method to prepare nano-silanized-silica reinforced crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) nanocomposites. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03989-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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4
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Luna CBB, da Silva Barbosa Ferreira E, Siqueira DD, dos Santos Filho EA, Araújo EM. Additivation of the ethylene–vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) with maleic anhydride (MA) and dicumyl peroxide (DCP): the impact of styrene monomer on cross-linking and functionalization. Polym Bull (Berl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03856-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Wu B, Cai Y, Zhao X, Ye L. Tailored Bonded Interfacial Intermolecular Entanglement of Polyethylene/Ultrahigh-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene Blends: Enhancing Miscibility, Reinforcement, and Friction Reduction. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c00745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Buyong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yudong Cai
- Synthetic Resin Laboratory, Petrochemical Research Institute, PetroChina, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiaowen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Lin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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Plummer CM, Zhou H, Li S, Zhong H, Sun Z, Bariashir C, Sun WH, Huang H, Liu L, Chen Y. A direct functionalization of polyolefins for blend compatibilization by an insertion of 1,1-bis(phenylsulfonyl)ethylene (BPSE). Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00599d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A mild post-modification of polyethylene (PE) & polypropylene (PP) to insert phenylsulfonyl groups is reported, the modified samples demonstrated to act as blend compatibilizers.
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Mauri M, Svenningsson L, Hjertberg T, Nordstierna L, Prieto O, Müller C. Orange is the new white: rapid curing of an ethylene-glycidyl methacrylate copolymer with a Ti-bisphenolate type catalyst. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01840a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The here established crosslinking chemistry opens up a by-product free method for rapid curing of epoxy-functionalised polyethylenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Mauri
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chalmers University of Technology
- 41296 Göteborg
- Sweden
| | - Leo Svenningsson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chalmers University of Technology
- 41296 Göteborg
- Sweden
| | | | - Lars Nordstierna
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chalmers University of Technology
- 41296 Göteborg
- Sweden
| | - Oscar Prieto
- Innovation & Technology
- Borealis AB
- 44486 Stenungsund
- Sweden
| | - Christian Müller
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chalmers University of Technology
- 41296 Göteborg
- Sweden
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An investigation on the role of GMA grafting degree on the efficiency of PET/PP-g-GMA reactive blending: morphology and mechanical properties. Polym Bull (Berl) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-017-1962-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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9
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Hassan MM, Koyama K. Thermal, physico-mechanical, and morphological properties of HDPE graft-copolymerized with polystyrene. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahbubul Hassan
- Venture Business Laboratory; Yamagata University; 8-3-5 Jonan Yonezawa-shi Yamagata-ken Japan
- Food and Biobased Products Group; AgResearch Limited; Cnr Springs Road and Gerald Street, Lincoln Christchurch 7608 New Zealand
| | - Kiyohito Koyama
- Venture Business Laboratory; Yamagata University; 8-3-5 Jonan Yonezawa-shi Yamagata-ken Japan
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Yamagata University; 8-3-5 Jonan Yonezawa-shi Yamagata-ken Japan
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Briceño Garcia RD, Keromnes L, Goutille Y, Cassagnau P, Fenouillot F, Chaumont P. Structural evolution of a constrained epoxy functional polyethylene network crosslinked by a bio-based reactant. Eur Polym J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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11
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Brito GF, Xin J, Zhang P, Mélo TJA, Zhang J. Enhanced melt free radical grafting efficiency of polyethylene using a novel redox initiation method. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra03607g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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12
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Wu CS, Hsu YC, Yeh JT, Liao HT, Jhang JJ, Sie YY. Biocompatibility and characterization of renewable agricultural residues and polyester composites. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 94:584-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.01.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 12/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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13
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Cassagnau P, Bounor-Legaré V, Fenouillot F. Reactive Processing of Thermoplastic Polymers: A Review of the Fundamental Aspects. INT POLYM PROC 2013. [DOI: 10.3139/217.2032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The review is devoted to the fundamental aspects of the reactive processing of thermoplastic polymers. First of all, some reactive processing examples, including polymer grafting (vinyl silane, maleic anhydride) and/or functionalization, bulk polymerization (urethane, lactams, acrylate, ∊-capolactone), polyester modification and new copolymers synthesis, are presented. From a fundamental point of view, the review covers the state of the art in the domains of rheology (specifically modelling of rheo-kinetics), diffusion and mixing in highly viscous reactive or non reactive media. Finally, 1, 2 and 3-D simulation of the reactive extrusion process in twin-screw extruder is reported at the end of the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Cassagnau
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France, IML/LMPB UMR-CNRS #5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères: Laboratoire desMatériaux Polymères et Biomatériaux, Villeurbanne, France
| | - V. Bounor-Legaré
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France, IML/LMPB UMR-CNRS #5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères: Laboratoire desMatériaux Polymères et Biomatériaux, Villeurbanne, France
| | - F. Fenouillot
- Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères: Laboratoire des Matériaux Macromoléculaires, IMP/LMM UMR-CNRS #5223, INSA-Lyon, 69621 Villeurbanne cedex – France
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Chang YW, Lee Y. Preparation and properties of polyethylene-octene elastomer (POE)/organoclay nanocomposites. Polym Bull (Berl) 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-011-0641-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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15
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Zhou Y, Zhao Y, Yao W, Huang B. Styrene-assisted melt-free radical grafting of glycidyl methacrylate onto isotactic poly(1-butene). POLYM ENG SCI 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.21958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Burton EL, Woodhead M, Coates P, Gough T. Reactive grafting of glycidyl methacrylate onto polypropylene. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.31085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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17
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Control of macromolecular architecture during the reactive functionalization in the melt of olefin polymers. Prog Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2009.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Saeb MR, Garmabi H. Investigation of styrene-assisted free-radical grafting of glycidyl methacrylate onto high-density polyethylene using response surface method. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.29123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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19
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Lainé C, Bounor-Legaré V, Monnet C, Cassagnau P. Free radical polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate in plasticized Poly(vinyl chloride). Eur Polym J 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2008.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Doufnoune R, Haddaoui N, Riahi F. Effects of Coupling Agents on the Tensile Properties of Calcium Carbonate Filled LDPE Compatibilized with Maleic Anhydride-g-LDPE (Part I). INT J POLYM MATER PO 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00914030701476998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Doufnoune
- a Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Hauts Polymères (LPCHP), Département de Génie des Procédés, Faculté des sciences de l'ingénieur , Université Ferhat–ABBAS , Sétif–Algérie
| | - N. Haddaoui
- a Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Hauts Polymères (LPCHP), Département de Génie des Procédés, Faculté des sciences de l'ingénieur , Université Ferhat–ABBAS , Sétif–Algérie
| | - F. Riahi
- b Laboratoire des Matériaux Polymériques Multiphasiques (LMPMP), Département de Génie des Procédés , Faculté des sciences de l'ingénieur Université Ferhat–ABBAS , Sétif–Algérie
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Cho KY, Eom JY, Kim CH, Park JK. Grafting of glycidyl methacrylate onto high-density polyethylene with reaction time in the batch mixer. J Appl Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/app.27715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Deng J, Liang S, Zhang C, Yang W. A Novel Strategy for the Preparation of Reactively Compatibilized Polymer Blends with Oligomers Containingα-Methyl Styrene Units. Macromol Rapid Commun 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200700539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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23
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Crystallization behavior of poly(styrene–ethylene) copolymers prepared by sequential polymerization. Eur Polym J 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2005.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Casarano R, Matos J, Fantini M, Petri D. Composites of allyl glycidyl ether modified polyethylene and cellulose. POLYMER 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.02.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Li Z, Wang H. Radiation-induced grafting of glycidyl methacrylate onto high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and radiation lamination of HDPE. J Appl Polym Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/app.21508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Pesneau I, Champagne MF, Huneault MA. Glycidyl methacrylate-grafted linear low-density polyethylene fabrication and application for polyester/polyethylene bonding. J Appl Polym Sci 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/app.13487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Liu M, Liu Z, Ding S, Li S, Zhang L. Graft copolymerization of oleic acid onto low-density polyethylene in the molten state. J Appl Polym Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/app.13037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Synthesis of mono functional carboxylic acid poly(methyl methacrylate) in aqueous medium using sur-iniferter. Application to the synthesis of graft copolymers polyethylene-g-poly(methyl methacrylate) and the compatibilization of LDPE/PVDF blends. POLYMER 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(03)00525-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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29
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