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Song L, Chi W, Hao Y, Ren J, Yang B, Cong F, Li Y, Yu L, Li X, Wang Y. Improving the properties of polylactic acid/polypropylene carbonate blends through cardanol-induced compatibility enhancement. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128886. [PMID: 38141698 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Cardanol (CD) is used as a reactive compatibilizer, and blended with polylactic acid (PLA) and polypropylene carbonate (PPC) resin (70/30(w/w)) to obtain a series of PLA/PPC/CD blends. The systematic study was conducted on the thermal properties, optical properties, rheological properties, mechanical properties, and microscopic morphology of the blend, by varying amounts of CD added to the blends. A detailed explanation and comprehensive analysis of the reaction mechanism between CD and PLA/PPC have been made. The study found that CD acts as a "bridge" between the PLA and PPC, forming the structure of a block copolymer (PLA-b-CD-b-PPC), and the copolymer can greatly improve the compatibility of PLA and PPC. When the amount of CD reaches 8 wt%, only one Tg is observed in the blend, simultaneously, PLA/PPC has already transitioned from a partially compatible system to a completely compatible system. At the same time, the addition of CD does not have any negative impact on the thermal stability of the PLA/PPC blend under processing temperature conditions, and the thermal stability of the PLA/PPC/CD blends can even be improved under extreme conditions. In addition, the addition of CD allows the PLA/PPC/CD blends to maintain a high light transmittance while reducing the opacity of the blend (the light transmittance remains above 92 %, and the opacity is reduced from 37 % to about 24 %), demonstrating excellent optical properties. Moreover, the elongation at break and impact strength of the PLA/PPC/CD blend both show a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of CD amount. When the CD amount varies within the range of 6- 8 wt%, the blends undergoes a brittle-ductile transition, and its toughness is greatly improved while the rigidity can also meet practical needs. When the amount of CD in the system increases to 12 wt%, the toughness of the blend reaches its peak, and its elongation at break and impact strength reach 513.24 % and 9211.5 J/m2 respectively (increased to 2442.84 % and 270.73 % of the PLA/PPC blend). Concurrently, the fracture surface of the blend exhibits large-scale plastic flow in the direction of the applied force, with marked shear yield phenomena, showing obvious characteristics of tough fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Song
- Polymer High Functional Film Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, China; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China.
| | - Weihan Chi
- Polymer High Functional Film Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, China; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Yongsheng Hao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Jiannan Ren
- AVIC Shenyang Aircraft Corporation, Shenyang 110850, China
| | - Bing Yang
- Polymer High Functional Film Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, China; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Fei Cong
- Polymer High Functional Film Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, China; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Yongchao Li
- Polymer High Functional Film Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, China; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Lingxiao Yu
- Polymer High Functional Film Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, China; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Xianliang Li
- Polymer High Functional Film Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, China; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Yuanxia Wang
- Polymer High Functional Film Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, China.
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Song L, Chi W, Zhang Q, Ren J, Yang B, Cong F, Li Y, Wang W, Li X, Wang Y. High-performance and functional fully bio-based polylactic acid/polypropylene carbonate blends by in situ multistep reaction-induced interfacial control. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128799. [PMID: 38110165 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Using a solvent-free radical grafting technique, glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and maleic anhydride (MAH) were used as functionalized graft monomers, styrene (St) as a copolymer monomer, and grafted onto polylactic acid (PLA). A series of PLA-g-(GMA/MAH-co-St) graft copolymers were prepared by adjusting the GMA/MAH ratio. Subsequently, the prepared graft copolymers were used as a compatibilizer with PLA and polypropylene carbonate (PPC) for melt blending to prepare PLA/PPC/PLA-g-(GMA/MAH-co-St) blends. The effects of changes in the GMA/MAH ratio in the graft copolymer on the thermodynamics, rheology, optics, degradation performance, mechanical properties, and microstructure of the blend were studied. The results found that GMA, MAH, and St were successfully grafted onto PLA, and the PLA-g-(GMA/MAH-co-St) graft copolymer obtained from the reaction had a good toughening effect on the PLA/PPC blend system, which significantly improved the mechanical properties of the PLA/PPC/PLA-g-(GMA/MAH-co-St) blend without reducing its degradation performance, resulting in a biodegradable blend material with excellent comprehensive performance. In the PLA-g-(GMA/MAH-co-St) grafting reaction system, when GMA/MAH = 1.5/1.5 (w/w), the grafting degree of the graft copolymer increased most significantly, from 0.83 phr to 1.51 phr. This composition of graft copolymer can effectively improve the compatibility between PLA and PPC. The resulting PLA/PPC blend can maintain good melt flow properties (MFR of 14.51 g/10 min), high transparency, and low haze (light transmittance of 91.56 %, haze of 20.5 %), while significantly improving its thermal stability (T95%, Tmax, and Et increased by 12.87 °C, 20.33 °C, and 32.00 kJ/mol, respectively). Moreover, when introducing PLA-g-(GMA/MAH-co-St) (GMA/MAH = 1.5/1.5 (wt/wt)) graft copolymer into the system, the toughness of the PLA/PPC/PLA-g-(GMA/MAH-co-St) blend system is optimal, with the notch impact strength and fracture elongation increasing to 184.6 % and 535.4 % of the PLA/PPC blend, respectively, at which point the fracture surface of the impact sample shows a wrinkled fracture feature indicative of toughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Song
- Polymer High Functional Film Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, China; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China.
| | - Weihan Chi
- Polymer High Functional Film Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, China; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Polymer High Functional Film Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, China
| | - Jiannan Ren
- AVIC Shenyang Aircraft Corporation, Shenyang 110850, China
| | - Bing Yang
- Polymer High Functional Film Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, China; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Fei Cong
- Polymer High Functional Film Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, China; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Yongchao Li
- Polymer High Functional Film Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, China; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Polymer High Functional Film Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, China; BatteroTech Corporation Limited, Shanghai 201417, China
| | - Xianliang Li
- Polymer High Functional Film Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, China; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Yuanxia Wang
- Polymer High Functional Film Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, China; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
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Song L, Chi W, Zhang Q, Ren J, Yang B, Cong F, Li Y, Wang W, Li X, Wang Y. Improvement of properties of polylactic acid/polypropylene carbonate blends using epoxy soybean oil as an efficient compatibilizer. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127407. [PMID: 37832613 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) was used as a compatibilizer and blended with polylactic acid (PLA) and polypropylene carbonate (PPC) resin to prepare a series of PLA/PPC/ESO blends with varying compositions. The influence of the variation in the amount of ESO added to the blend system on the thermal properties, optical properties, rheological properties, mechanical properties, and microscopic morphology of the blends was studied. The research indicates that ESO can react with PLA and PPC to form a chemical bond interface, which improves the compatibility of PLA and PPC to a certain extent. With the increase in the amount of ESO added to the blend (1- 5 phr), the complete decomposition temperature, storage modulus, loss modulus, complex viscosity, notched impact strength, and elongation at break of the blend all show a trend of continuous increase. At the same time, the melt flow rate, light transmittance, and tensile strength of the blend do not show significant fluctuations. When the amount of ESO in the system is 5 phr, compared with the PLA/PPC blend, the notched impact strength and elongation at break of the PLA/PPC/ESO blend increase from 4270.3 J/m2, 43.89 % to 8560.4 J/m2, 211.28 %, respectively, and its tensile strength and transmittance still remain around 63 MPa, 92 %. This improves the toughness of the blend while maintaining its rigidity, demonstrating excellent mechanical and optical properties. At this time, the microscopic morphology of the fracture surface of the impact sample also shows obvious characteristics of tough fracture. However, when the amount of ESO added to the blend is excessive (6 phr), the compatibility of the blending system decreases, which will degrade the performance of the blending material and ultimately destroy the phase morphology of the blend and reduce its mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Song
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China.
| | - Weihan Chi
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Jiannan Ren
- AVIC Shenyang Aircraft Corporation, Shenyang 110850, China
| | - Bing Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Fei Cong
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Yongchao Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Xianliang Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Yuanxia Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
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Song L, Cong F, Wang W, Ren J, Chi W, Yang B, Zhang Q, Li Y, Li X, Wang Y. The Effect of Functionalized SEBS on the Properties of PP/SEBS Blends. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3696. [PMID: 37765550 PMCID: PMC10535659 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Styrene (St) was used as comonomer and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) as grafting monomer to prepare SEBS-g-(GMA-co-St) graft copolymers via melt grafting. Then, the graft copolymers were employed as a compatibilizer for melt blending polypropylene (PP) and hydrogenated styrene-butadiene-styrene (SEBS) triblock copolymers. The effects of the amount of GMA in the graft copolymers on thermal properties, rheology, crystallization, optical and mechanical properties, and microstructure of the blends were investigated. The results show that GMA and St were successfully grafted onto SEBS. The GMA amount in the graft copolymer significantly influenced the comprehensive properties of PP/SEBS/SEBS-g-(GMA-co-St) blends. The epoxy groups of GMA reacted with PP and SEBS, forming interfacial chemical bonds, thereby enhancing the compatibility between PP and SEBS to varying extents. After introducing SEBS-g-(GMA-co-St) into PP/SEBS blends, crystallinity decreased, crystal size increased while transmittance remained above 91% with rising GMA amount in the graft copolymers, indicating excellent optical properties. Notched impact strength and elongation at break of the blends showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with increased amounts of GMA in the graft copolymers. When the amount of GMA in the graft copolymers was 3 wt%, the blends exhibited optimal toughness with notched impact strength and elongation at break of 30,165.82 J/m2 and 1445.40%, respectively. This was attributed to the tightest dispersion interface adhesion and maximum matrix plastic deformation, consistent with the mechanical performance results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Song
- Polymer High Functional Film Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Fei Cong
- Polymer High Functional Film Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Wei Wang
- BatteroTech Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201417, China
| | - Jiannan Ren
- AVIC Shenyang Aircraft Corporation, Shenyang 110850, China
| | - Weihan Chi
- Polymer High Functional Film Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Bing Yang
- Polymer High Functional Film Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Polymer High Functional Film Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Yongchao Li
- Polymer High Functional Film Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Xianliang Li
- Polymer High Functional Film Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Yuanxia Wang
- Polymer High Functional Film Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
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Lu X, Wang R, Li J, Lyu S, Zhang J, Wang Q, Chi W, Zhong R, Chen C, Wu X, Hu R, You Z, Mai Y, Xie S, Lin J, Zheng B, Zhong Q, He J, Liang W. 144P Exposure-lag response of surface net solar radiation on lung cancer incidence: A worldwide interdisciplinary and time-series study. J Thorac Oncol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s1556-0864(23)00399-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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Song L, Zhang Q, Hao Y, Cong F, Chi W, Li Y, Liu Z, Shi Y. Influence of the structure of sub‐micrometer core‐shell rubber particles and matrix composition on the mechanical properties, morphological structure and deformation mechanism of rubber‐modified polyphenylene oxide/polystyrene blends. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Song
- Advanced Manufacturing Institute of Polymer Industry Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Advanced Manufacturing Institute of Polymer Industry Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang China
| | - Yongsheng Hao
- Advanced Manufacturing Institute of Polymer Industry Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang China
| | - Fei Cong
- Advanced Manufacturing Institute of Polymer Industry Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang China
| | - Weihan Chi
- Advanced Manufacturing Institute of Polymer Industry Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang China
| | - Yongchao Li
- Advanced Manufacturing Institute of Polymer Industry Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Advanced Manufacturing Institute of Polymer Industry Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang China
| | - Ying Shi
- Advanced Manufacturing Institute of Polymer Industry Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang China
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Kazemimoghadam M, Chi W, Rahimi A, Kim N, Alluri P, Nwachukwu C, Lu W, Gu X. Saliency-Guided Deep Learning Network for Automatic Target Delineation in Post-Operative Stereotactic Partial Breast Irradiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Chi W, D'Cunha P, Chen M, Ma L, Kazemimoghadam M, Yang Z, Gu X, Albuquerque K, Lu W. An Artificial Intelligence Approach for Automatic Delineation of Para-Aortic Clinical Target Volume. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.1644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Chen L, Wei Y, Chi W, Fang D, Jiang X, Zhang S. Potential Mutations in Chinese Pathologic Myopic Patients and Contributions to Phenotype. Curr Mol Med 2019; 18:689-697. [PMID: 30747064 PMCID: PMC6635424 DOI: 10.2174/1566524019666190211120016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Pathologic myopia is a leading cause of visual impairment in East Asia. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential mutations in Chinese pathologic myopic patients and to analyze the correlations between genotype and clinical phenotype. Method One hundred and three patients with pathologic myopia and one hundred and nine unrelated healthy controls were recruited from Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center. Detailed clinical data, including ultra-widefield retinal images, measurements of best-corrected visual acuity, axial length, refractive error and ophthalmic examination results, were obtained. Blood samples were collected for high-throughput DNA targeted sequencing. Based on the screening results, phenotype-genotype correlations were analyzed. Results The study included 196 eyes of 103 patients (36 men and 67 women) with an average age of 52.19 (38.92 – 65.46) years, an average refractive error of -11.80 D (-16.38 – -7.22) and a mean axial length of 28.26 mm (25.79 – 30.73). The patients were subdivided into three groups: myopic chorioretinal atrophy (190 eyes of 101 patients), myopic choroidal neovascularization (17 eyes of 15 patients), and myopic traction retinopathy (71 eyes of 61 patients). Systematic analysis of variants in the 255 genes revealed six potential pathogenic mutations: PEX7, OCA2, LRP5 (rs545382, c.1647T>C), TSPAN12 (rs41623, c.765G>T), RDH5 (rs3138142, c.423C>T) and TTC21B (rs80225158, c.2385G>C). OCA2 mutations were primarily observed in patients with myopic traction maculopathy. Conclusion Genetic alterations contribute to various clinical characteristics in Chinese pathologic myopic patients. The study may provide new insights into the etiology of pathologic myopia and potential targets for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Y Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - W Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - D Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - X Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - S Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Lin Y, Shen W, Liu Y, Wang Q, Chen Q, Fang Z, Chi W, Gan X, Liu YZ. Visual preconditioning reduces emergence delirium in children undergoing ophthalmic surgery: a randomised controlled trial. Br J Anaesth 2018; 121:476-482. [PMID: 30032888 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2018.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emergence delirium is a common complication in children, especially in preschool children undergoing ophthalmic surgery. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of visual preconditioning (application of an eyepatch over the eye to be operated for ≥3 h the day before surgery) on emergence delirium after ophthalmic surgery under sevoflurane anaesthesia. METHODS One hundred and seventy-nine children undergoing unilateral cataract surgery, aged 3-7 yr, were involved in this prospective, blinded, randomised study. Subjects were randomised to receive visual preconditioning (Group P, n=89) or to receive programmed explanation the day before surgery (Group C, n=90). The primary outcome was incidence of emergence delirium evaluated by the paediatric anaesthesia emergence delirium (PAED) scale. The secondary outcomes included emergence time and post-anaesthesia care unit (PACU) stay time. RESULTS Children in Group P had a significantly lower incidence of emergence delirium than those in Group C [16.9% vs 44.4%, odds ratio (OR) 4.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.0 to 8.0]. The maximal PAED score was lower in Group P than in Group C [4 (0-20) vs 9 (0-20), median difference -3.0, 95% CI -5.0 to -1.0]. Visual preconditioning prolonged emergence time (P<0.001) and PACU stay time (P=0.002). CONCLUSION Visual disturbance contributes to emergence delirium in preschool children undergoing ophthalmic surgery with sevoflurane, and prophylactic eyepatch treatment can reduce emergence delirium. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT02590744.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Lin
- Department of Anaesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - W Shen
- Department of Anaesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Q Wang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Q Chen
- Department of Anaesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Z Fang
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - W Chi
- Department of Cataract, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - X Gan
- Department of Anaesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Y Z Liu
- Department of Cataract, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Huang XF, Chi W, Lin D, Dai ML, Wang YL, Yang YM, Jin ZB, Wang Y. Association of IL33 and IL1RAP Polymorphisms With Acute Anterior Uveitis. Curr Mol Med 2018; 17:471-477. [PMID: 29424312 DOI: 10.2174/1566524018666180207154938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X.-F. Huang
- The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - W. Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - D. Lin
- The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - M.-L. Dai
- The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Y.-L. Wang
- The Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Y.-M. Yang
- Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou Physical Examination Center, Wenzhou, China
| | - Z.-B. Jin
- The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Y. Wang
- The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Chi W, Meng F, Li Y, Wang Q, Wang G, Han S, Wang P, Li J. Downregulation of miRNA-134 protects neural cells against ischemic injury in N2A cells and mouse brain with ischemic stroke by targeting HSPA12B. Neuroscience 2014; 277:111-22. [PMID: 25003713 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.06.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as a major regulator in neurological diseases, and understanding their molecular mechanism in modulating cerebral ischemic injury may provide potential therapeutic targets for ischemic stroke. However, as one of 19 differentially expressed miRNAs in mouse brain with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), the role of miR-134 in ischemic injury is not well understood. In this study, the miR-134 expression level was manipulated both in oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-treated N2A neuroblastoma cells in vitro and mouse brain with MCAO-induced ischemic stroke in vivo, and its possible targets of heat shock protein A5 (HSPA5) and HSPA12B were determined by bioinformatics analysis and dual luciferase assay. The results showed that overexpression of miR-134 exacerbated cell death and apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. Conversely, downregulating miR-134 levels reduced cell death and apoptosis. Furthermore, non-expression of miR-134 enhanced HSPA12B protein levels in OGD-treated N2A cells as well as in the ischemic region. It could attenuate brain infarction size and neural cell damage, and improve neurological outcomes in mice with ischemic stroke, whereas upregulation of miR-134 had the opposite effect. In addition, HSPA12B was validated to be a target of miR-134 and its short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) could block miR-134 inhibitor-induced neuroprotection in OGD-treated N2A cells. In conclusion, downregulation of miR-134 could induce neuroprotection against ischemic injury in vitro and in vivo by negatively upregulating HSPA12B protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Chi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang City 261053, Shangdong Province, PR China
| | - F Meng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong University Affiliated Jinan City Central Hospital, Jinan 250013, PR China.
| | - Y Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong University Affiliated Jinan City Central Hospital, Jinan 250013, PR China
| | - Q Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong University Affiliated Jinan City Central Hospital, Jinan 250013, PR China
| | - G Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang City 261053, Shangdong Province, PR China
| | - S Han
- Department of Neurobiology and Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - P Wang
- Department of Neurobiology and Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - J Li
- Department of Neurobiology and Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China.
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Yang K, Wen J, Liu X, Kijlstra A, Chen L, Chi W, Zhou H, Huang X, Yang P. Inhibitory effect of rapamycin and dexamethasone on production of IL-17 and IFN-gamma in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada patients. Br J Ophthalmol 2008; 93:249-53. [PMID: 19019941 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2008.142489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the effect of rapamycin (RAPA) and dexamethasone (DEX) on the production of IL-17 and IFN-gamma by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) patients and healthy individuals. METHODS Blood samples were drawn from 10 active VKH patients and 10 healthy individuals. PBMCs were cultured with or without anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies in the presence or absence of different concentrations of RAPA or DEX for 72 h. IL-17 and IFN-gamma concentrations in the supernatants were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS The expression of IL-17 and IFN-gamma was significantly increased in active VKH patients compared with that in healthy controls. Both RAPA and DEX were able to significantly inhibit the production of IL-17 and IFN-gamma by PBMCs from patients and healthy controls. RAPA was able to completely inhibit IL-17 production at a dosage of 10 ng/ml but only partially suppressed IFN-gamma production even at a much higher concentration (1000 ng/ml). DEX inhibited the production of both IL-17 and IFN-gamma by approximately 70%. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that both RAPA and DEX inhibit the production of IL-17 and IFN-gamma by PBMCs. RAPA is much stronger in inhibiting the production of IL-17 than DEX.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yang
- The First Clinical Hospital of ZhengZhou University, ZhengZhou, PR China
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Liu L, Yang P, He H, Lin X, Jiang L, Chi W, Zhao C, Zhou H. Leptin increases in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease and promotes cell proliferation and inflammatory cytokine secretion. Br J Ophthalmol 2008; 92:557-61. [PMID: 18245271 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2007.128769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS [corrected] Leptin has recently been found to play an important role in the development of autoimmune diseases. Our study is designed to investigate the expression and possible role of leptin in the pathogenesis of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease, one of the common types of autoimmune uveitis in China. METHODS Leptin levels in serums of 20 active, 16 inactive VKH patients and 20 healthy controls were measured using ELISA. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) separated from active VKH patients and healthy controls were cultured with recombinant human leptin, and cell proliferation was assayed by [(3)H]-TdR incorporation. Cytokine levels in the supernatant of PBMCs cultured in mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) upon stimulation with leptin were assayed by ELISA. RESULTS Our results showed that leptin was significantly increased in the serum of active VKH patients compared with that in inactive VKH patients and healthy controls. Leptin levels in active VKH patients remained markedly higher when divided by body mass index (BMI). PBMCs cultured with leptin induced a marked cell proliferation and profound secretion of IFN-gamma and IL-17. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that leptin may be involved in the development of VKH disease possibly by promoting an immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Liu
- Zhongshan Opthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 54 Xianlie Road, Guangzhou 510060, PR China
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Chi W, Wang R, Zhang C. [Changes of photosynthetic characteristics of strawberry leaf under shading]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2001; 12:566-8. [PMID: 11758384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Studies on the photosynthetic characteristics of two strawberry varieties (Baojiaozaosheng and Shuofeng) under shading showed that the photosynthesis rate decreased by 20% and 47%, when the apparent quantum efficiency increased by 13% and 8%, respectively. The chlorophyll content was enhanced slightly, while the insoluble protein content in leaf decreased drastically. The results also showed that the PSII activity decreased by 22.5% and 53.7%, and the activity of Rubisco, the key enzyme of Calvin cycle, decreased by 19.6% and 35.5%, respectively. The reason of photosynthesis rate descent in light saturation point was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Chi
- Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036
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Abstract
Transmission functions are derived that are valid in the nonparaxial case for a class of lenses that will image a continuum of points along an optical axis to a single image point. This lens, which we call a logarithmic asphere, is then used in a digital camera. The resolution of the camera is limited by the pixel size of the CCD; i.e., it is not diffraction limited. Digital processing is used to recover the image, and image-plane processing is used for speed. We find a tenfold increase in the depth of field over that for the diffraction-limited case.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is the first key enzyme in the polyamine biosynthesis pathway. Polyamine is believed to participate in cellular proliferation and differentiation. To study the relationship between ODC and the pathogenesis of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), the polyamine levels, ODC activities, and expression of ODC mRNA in benign hyperplastic and normal human prostates were assayed. METHODS Polyamine contents and ODC activities in tissue extracts were determined by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and spectrophotometric procedures, respectively. The ODC mRNA levels were assayed by Northern blot analysis. RESULTS The contents of putrescine, spermidine, and spermine in BPH tissues were 2.2, 3.4, and 6.0 times higher than those in normal tissues, respectively; the ODC activity of BPH tissue was about 3.2 times higher than in normal tissue; the expression level of ODC mRNA in the BPH tissues was greater than that of normal tissues. CONCLUSIONS The findings imply that 1) the increased ODC activity and polyamine content in prostatic tissue may correlate with the pathogenesis of BPH, and 2) the high level of ODC activity is induced by the overexpression of ODC mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shandong Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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Song H, Guo T, Zhang Y, Chi W, Mi H, Chu W. [Studies on gel electrophoresis of soluble protein and two kinds of isodynamic enzyme in hongqu from different producing areas]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 1999; 24:393-6, 445. [PMID: 12205873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the consanguinity between 12 strains of Monascus(MS 01-12) separated and purified from different samples of Hongqu collected from 12 areas in China and the variant strain of Monascus(MS 18) mutated from M. purpureus. METHOD Gel electrophoresis of soluble protein, esterase and superoxide dismutase(SOD) was used to study the consanguinity between strains MS 01-12 and the variant strain MS 18. RESULTS The electrochromatophoreses of soluble protein, esterase and SOD in the 12 strains (MS 01-12) are identical, but in the variant strain MS 18 are remarkably different. The results are consistent with those of morphological studies. CONCLUSION Strains MS 01-12 are the identical species M. purpureus, but strain MS 18 is different from strains of MS 01-12, or a variant of M. purpureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenyang Military General Hospital, Shenyang 110015
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to quantitatively analyze the degree of erythema visible in the larynges of normal subjects and of patients with symptoms of chronic posterior laryngitis. Video-documented examinations of laryngoscopy were digitized and then analyzed using computer image analysis software that allowed quantification of average color values, hue, saturation, and brightness from digitized color images. Documented laryngoscopic images from 7 normal subjects and 64 patients complaining of chronic laryngitis symptoms were examined, and additional patient examinations which were obtained and documented during treatment for reflux laryngitis were analyzed. Analysis was made of five different areas of each laryngeal image: the right and left vocal folds, the right and left vocal processes, and the posterior arytenoid mucosa. Data analysis showed that average color value ratings of redness for the patients with chronic laryngitis were significantly (p <0.0561) greater than the average values for normal subjects for the vocal folds. Color values for redness of the posterior laryngeal structures and vocal folds in the patients who were treated for reflux laryngitis were significantly (p <0.05) reduced over time and correlated with the clinical response to treatment. The data suggest that computer color analysis of documented video-laryngoscopic examinations can provide quantitative data on degree of erythema and may be useful as a quantitative means of diagnosis and documentation of treatment outcome for reflux laryngitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Hanson
- Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60602, USA
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Guo T, Shi G, Seng H, Gao S, Chi W, Mu P, Ma Y, Jin B, Yang S. [Preparation of huichun zhibao oral liquid (HZOL)]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 1996; 21:219-22, 255. [PMID: 9208552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The formulation, preparing method, quality standards, pharmacodynamic experinents and toxicological experiments of HZOL are described. The content of icariin, which is and effective component of epimedium herb as well as one of the main ingredients in HZOL, was successfully determined through HPLC, with an average recovery of 98.98% and RSD = 1.53%.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Guo
- Shenyang Military Region General Hospital
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Chi W, Wu A. [Extraction rate of trace elements in wuling san in simulated gastric fluid]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 1990; 15:671-3, 703. [PMID: 2282157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The present paper reports the determination of twelve trace elements in Wuling San and its extracts in simulated gastric fluid by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The experimental result shows that among these elements the extraction rate of K, Na and Mn is higher in extracts of Wuling San, and that of the other nine elements differs greatly from each other between 4-89%.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Chi
- Xinjiang Changji Health School
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Chi W. [Searching for descendents of Peking man]. Minerva Med 1979; 70:2723-8. [PMID: 384299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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