2
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Hao Y, Wang G, Shui X, Tian A, Yang Y, Zhu J. Design and synthesis of
HFCA
‐based plasticizers with asymmetrical alkyl chains for poly(vinyl chloride). J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanying Hao
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo China
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
| | - Guyue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo China
| | - Xiaoxue Shui
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo China
| | - Anping Tian
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo China
| | - Yong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo China
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3
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Czogała J, Pankalla E, Turczyn R. Recent Attempts in the Design of Efficient PVC Plasticizers with Reduced Migration. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14040844. [PMID: 33578880 PMCID: PMC7916570 DOI: 10.3390/ma14040844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews the current trends in replacing commonly used plasticizers in poly(vinyl chloride), PVC, formulations by new compounds with reduced migration, leading to the enhancement in mechanical properties and better plasticizing efficiency. Novel plasticizers have been divided into three groups depending on the replacement strategy, i.e., total replacement, partial replacement, and internal plasticizers. Chemical and physical properties of PVC formulations containing a wide range of plasticizers have been compared, allowing observance of the improvements in polymer performance in comparison to PVC plasticized with conventionally applied bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, di-n-octyl phthalate, bis(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate and di-n-octyl terephthalate. Among a variety of newly developed plasticizers, we have indicated those presenting excellent migration resistance and advantageous mechanical properties, as well as those derived from natural sources. A separate chapter has been dedicated to the description of a synergistic effect of a mixture of two plasticizers, primary and secondary, that benefits in migration suppression when secondary plasticizer is added to PVC blend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Czogała
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Research and Innovation Department, Grupa Azoty Zakłady Azotowe Kędzierzyn S.A., Mostowa 30A, 47-220 Kędzierzyn-Koźle, Poland;
- Joint Doctoral School, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 2A, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (R.T.)
| | - Ewa Pankalla
- Research and Innovation Department, Grupa Azoty Zakłady Azotowe Kędzierzyn S.A., Mostowa 30A, 47-220 Kędzierzyn-Koźle, Poland;
| | - Roman Turczyn
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (R.T.)
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4
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Hao Y, Tian A, Zhu J, Fan J, Yang Y. Synthesis and Evaluation of Bio-Based Plasticizers from 5-Hydroxymethyl-2-Furancarboxylic Acid for Poly(vinyl chloride). Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c03356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanying Hao
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Anping Tian
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Jinshi Fan
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
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5
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A simple approach with scale-up potential towards intrinsically flame-retardant bio-based co-plasticizer for PVC artificial materials. JOURNAL OF LEATHER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s42825-020-00022-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
As an imitation of genuine leather, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) artificial materials are versatile, but suffers from being flammable due to the presence of large amounts of combustible plasticizers. Under such circumstance, intrinsically flame-retardant plasticizers displaying dual functions have been a subject of intensive research interest. However, previous strategies attempting to covalently attach flame-retardant moiety to plasticizers invariably required either expensive starting materials or laborious and tedious procedures, ultimately limiting their scale-up application in industry. In addition, driven by escalating demand of halogen-free flame retardants worldwide from an environmental health perspective, previously reported intrinsically flame-retardant plasticizers were mainly halogen-free, less attractive in PVC artificial material industry simply because PVC itself is a halogen-containing polymer. Here, we report an approach to introduce chlorine moieties into unsaturated fatty acid methyl ester by a simple addition reaction occurring on carbon-carbon double bonds, yielding a chlorine-containing, intrinsically flame-retardant bio-plasticizer. When combined with di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DOP) in PVC formulations, the chlorinated fatty acid methyl ester is qualified as a co-plasticizer while conferring flame retardancy upon the PVC coatings. This approach involves only a one-step procedure that employs renewable fatty acid methyl esters and cheap chlorine gas as raw materials, thus being of great potential to enable intrinsically flame-retardant bio-plasticizers on a large scale to manufacture functional PVC artificial materials for application in fire-prone scenarios.
Graphical abstract
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6
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Nguyen T, Kim YJ, Park SK, Lee KY, Park JW, Cho JK, Shin S. Furan-2,5- and Furan-2,3-dicarboxylate Esters Derived from Marine Biomass as Plasticizers for Poly(vinyl chloride). ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:197-206. [PMID: 31956766 PMCID: PMC6963923 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Esters of furan dicarboxylic acids (DAFs) were synthesized by a one-pot reaction between marine biomass-derived galactaric acid and bioalcohol under solvent-free conditions and were fully characterized. The catalyst amount could be reduced without loss of reaction yields using p-xylene as the material separation agent. Also, a possible mechanism was proposed for the first time. Then the properties of four DAFs as plasticizers on the poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) matrix were investigated. The experimental results showed that DAFs exhibit competitive efficiencies of plasticization when compared to the most commercialized plasticizer, DOP. It was found that the combination of DAFs and PVC produced homogeneous smooth-surface films, indicating miscibility between them. ATR-FTIR depicted the upshift of carbonyl absorption bands after mixing with the PVC matrix, with a magnitude of at most 18-21 cm-1. TGA, DSC, and UTM data illustrated equivalent plasticization efficiencies. Due to their small molecular weights, the investigated DAFs are more volatile. However, due to bearing an oxygen atom in the aromatic furan ring, the degree of polarization of DAFs was boosted and helped inhibit leaching into the surrounding media. In brief, these synthetic compounds have promising feasibility as biobased plasticizers. Moreover, another interesting point is that the properties of furan-2,3-dicarboxylic acid derivatives were studied for the first time and herein reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- TanPhat Nguyen
- Green
Chemistry & Material Research Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), 89 Yangdaegiro-gil, Ipjang-myeon, Seobuk-ku, Cheonan, Chungnam 31056, Korea
- Department
of Green Process and System Engineering, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Yong Jin Kim
- Green
Chemistry & Material Research Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), 89 Yangdaegiro-gil, Ipjang-myeon, Seobuk-ku, Cheonan, Chungnam 31056, Korea
- Department
of Green Process and System Engineering, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Seok-Kyu Park
- Green
Chemistry & Material Research Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), 89 Yangdaegiro-gil, Ipjang-myeon, Seobuk-ku, Cheonan, Chungnam 31056, Korea
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145
Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Kwan-Young Lee
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145
Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Ji-won Park
- Program
in Environmental Materials Science, Seoul
National University (SNU), 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jin Ku Cho
- Green
Chemistry & Material Research Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), 89 Yangdaegiro-gil, Ipjang-myeon, Seobuk-ku, Cheonan, Chungnam 31056, Korea
- Department
of Green Process and System Engineering, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Seunghan Shin
- Green
Chemistry & Material Research Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), 89 Yangdaegiro-gil, Ipjang-myeon, Seobuk-ku, Cheonan, Chungnam 31056, Korea
- Department
of Green Process and System Engineering, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea
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7
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Jia P, Xia H, Tang K, Zhou Y. Plasticizers Derived from Biomass Resources: A Short Review. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E1303. [PMID: 30961228 PMCID: PMC6401779 DOI: 10.3390/polym10121303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
With rising environmental concerns and depletion of petrochemical resources, biomass-based chemicals have been paid more attention. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plasticizers derived from biomass resources (vegetable oil, cardanol, vegetable fatty acid, glycerol and citric acid) have been widely studied to replace petroleum-based o-phthalate plasticizers. These bio-based plasticizers mainly include epoxidized plasticizer, polyester plasticizer, macromolecular plasticizer, flame retardant plasticizer, citric acid ester plasticizer, glyceryl ester plasticizer and internal plasticizer. Bio-based plasticizers with the advantages of renewability, degradability, hypotoxicity, excellent solvent resistant extraction and plasticizing performances make them potential to replace o-phthalate plasticizers partially or totally. In this review, we classify different types of bio-based plasticizers according to their chemical structure and function, and highlight recent advances in multifunctional applications of bio-based plasticizers in PVC products. This study will increase the interest of researchers in bio-based plasticizers and the development of new ideas in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puyou Jia
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF); Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University; Key Lab of Biomass Energy and Materials, 16 Suojin North Road, Nanjing 210042, China.
| | - Haoyu Xia
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Pu Zhu Road, Nanjing 211800, China.
| | - Kehan Tang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Pu Zhu Road, Nanjing 211800, China.
| | - Yonghong Zhou
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF); Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University; Key Lab of Biomass Energy and Materials, 16 Suojin North Road, Nanjing 210042, China.
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8
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Gao C, Zhang X, Sun J, Yuan Z, Han S, Liu Y, Ji S. Poly(hexane succinate) plasticizer designed for poly(vinyl chloride) with a high efficiency, nontoxicity, and improved migration resistance. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanhui Gao
- College of Chemical Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; 266042 Qingdao People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhua Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; 266042 Qingdao People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawen Sun
- College of Chemical Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; 266042 Qingdao People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Yuan
- College of Chemical Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; 266042 Qingdao People's Republic of China
| | - Shijian Han
- College of Chemical Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; 266042 Qingdao People's Republic of China
| | - Yuetao Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; 266042 Qingdao People's Republic of China
| | - Shufang Ji
- College of Chemical Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; 266042 Qingdao People's Republic of China
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