1
|
Barham M, Andermahr J, Majczyński H, Sławińska U, Vogt J, Neiss WF. Treadmill training of rats after sciatic nerve graft does not alter accuracy of muscle reinnervation. Front Neurol 2023; 13:1050822. [PMID: 36742044 PMCID: PMC9893025 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1050822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose After peripheral nerve lesions, surgical reconstruction facilitates axonal regeneration and motor reinnervation. However, functional recovery is impaired by aberrant reinnervation. Materials and methods We tested whether training therapy by treadmill exercise (9 × 250 m/week) before (run-idle), after (idle-run), or both before and after (run-run) sciatic nerve graft improves the accuracy of reinnervation in rats. Female Lewis rats (LEW/SsNHsd) were either trained for 12 weeks (run) or not trained (kept under control conditions, idle). The right sciatic nerves were then excised and reconstructed with 5 mm of a congenic allograft. One week later, training started in the run-run and idle-run groups for another 12 weeks. No further training was conducted in the run-idle and idle-idle groups. Reinnervation was measured using the following parameters: counting of retrogradely labeled motoneurons, walking track analysis, and compound muscle action potential (CMAP) recordings. Results In intact rats, the common fibular (peroneal) and the soleus nerve received axons from 549 ± 83 motoneurons. In the run-idle group, 94% of these motoneurons had regenerated 13 weeks after the nerve graft. In the idle-run group, 81% of the normal number of motoneurons had regenerated into the denervated musculature and 87% in both run-run and idle-idle groups. Despite reinnervation, functional outcome was poor: walking tracks indicated no functional improvement of motion in any group. However, in the operated hindlimb of run-idle rats, the CMAP of the soleus muscle reached 11.9 mV (normal 16.3 mV), yet only 6.3-8.1 mV in the other groups. Conclusion Treadmill training neither altered the accuracy of reinnervation nor the functional recovery, and pre-operative training (run-idle) led to a higher motor unit activation after regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Barham
- Department II of Anatomy, University of Cologne and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany,*Correspondence: Mohammed Barham ✉
| | | | - Henryk Majczyński
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Urszula Sławińska
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Johannes Vogt
- Department II of Anatomy, University of Cologne and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany,Cluster of Excellence for Aging Research (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wolfram F. Neiss
- Department I of Anatomy, University of Cologne and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cho YH, Seo TB. Effect of treadmill exercise combined with bone marrow stromal cell transplantation on atrophy-related signaling pathway in the denervated soleus muscle. J Exerc Rehabil 2022; 17:395-402. [PMID: 35036388 PMCID: PMC8743607 DOI: 10.12965/jer.2142618.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether combination of low-intensity exercise with bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) transplantation could regulate protein kinas B (Akt)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and Wnt3a-β-catenin signaling pathways for prevention of soleus muscle atrophy after sciatic nerve injury (SNI). The experimental rats divided into 5 groups (n=10): normal control group, SNI+sedentary group (SED), SNI+low-intensity treadmill exercise group (TEX), SNI+BMSC transplantation group (BMSC), SNI+TEX+BMSC transplantation group (TEX+BMSC). Sciatic nerve crush injury was applied into the middle of thigh twice for 1 min and 30 sec at interval. Low-intensity treadmill exercise was comprised of walking at a speed of 4 to 8 m/min for 30 min once a day. cultured BMSC at a density of 5×106 in 50-μL phosphate-buffered saline was injected into the distal portion of the injured sciatic nerves. TEX+BMSC group dramatically up-regulated expression levels of growth-associated protein-43 in the injured sciatic nerve at 2 weeks postinjury. Also, although Akt and mTOR signaling pathway significantly increased in TEX and BMSC groups than SED group, TEX+BMSC group showed more potent increment on this signaling in soleus muscle after SNI. Lastly, Wnt3a and the nuclear translocation of β-catenin and nuclear factor-kappa B in soleus were increased by SNI, but TEX+BMSC group significantly downregulated activity of this signaling pathway in the nuclear cell lysate of soleus muscle. Present findings provide new information that combination of low-intensity treadmill exercise might be effective therapeutic approach on restriction of soleus muscle atrophy after peripheral nerve injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeong-Hyun Cho
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Natural Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Tae-Beom Seo
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Natural Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Neto WK, Gama EF, de Assis Silva W, de Oliveira TVA, Dos Santos Vilas Boas AE, Ciena AP, Anaruma CA, Caperuto ÉC. Ladder-based resistance training elicited similar ultrastructural adjustments in forelimb and hindlimb peripheral nerves of young adult Wistar rats. Exp Brain Res 2021; 239:2583-2592. [PMID: 34191117 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-021-06156-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
To analyze the morphological response induced by high-volume, high-intensity ladder-based resistance training (LRT) on the ultrastructure of the radial (forelimb) and sciatic (hindlimb) nerves of adults Wistar rats. Twenty rats were equally distributed into groups: sedentary (SED) and LRT. After the rodents were subjected to the maximum load (ML) carrying test, the LRT group performed 6-8 progressive climbs (2 × 50% ML, 2 × 75% ML, 2 × 100% ML, and 2 × 100% ML + 30 g) three times per week. After 8 weeks, the radial and sciatic nerves were removed and prepared for transmission electron microscopy. In the radial nerve, myelinated axons cross-sectional area (CSA), unmyelinated axons CSA, myelin sheath thickness, and Schwann cells nuclei area were statistically larger in the LRT group than SED (p < 0.05). Also, the number of microtubules and neurofilaments per field were statistically higher in the LRT group than in SED (p < 0.01). For sciatic nerve, myelinated fibers CSA, unmyelinated axons CSA, myelin sheath thickness, Schwann cells nuclei area, and the number of neurofilaments per field were statistically larger in the LRT group compared to the SED group (p < 0.05). LRT with high-volume and high-intensity effectively induce similar changes in adult Wistar rats' radial and sciatic nerves' ultrastructure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walter Krause Neto
- Department of Physical Education, Laboratory of Morphoquantitative Studies and Immunohistochemistry, São Judas Tadeu University, Rua Taquari, 546-Mooca Unit, P. O. Box 03166-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Eliane Florencio Gama
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Wellington de Assis Silva
- Department of Physical Education, Laboratory of Morphoquantitative Studies and Immunohistochemistry, São Judas Tadeu University, Rua Taquari, 546-Mooca Unit, P. O. Box 03166-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tony Vinicius Apolinário de Oliveira
- Department of Physical Education, Laboratory of Morphoquantitative Studies and Immunohistochemistry, São Judas Tadeu University, Rua Taquari, 546-Mooca Unit, P. O. Box 03166-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alan Esaú Dos Santos Vilas Boas
- Department of Physical Education, Laboratory of Morphoquantitative Studies and Immunohistochemistry, São Judas Tadeu University, Rua Taquari, 546-Mooca Unit, P. O. Box 03166-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriano Polican Ciena
- Department of Physical Education, Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity, São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Anaruma
- Department of Physical Education, Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity, São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Érico Chagas Caperuto
- Depatment of Physical Education, Laboratory of Human Movement, São Judas Tadeu University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Andrade IRDS, Nakachima LR, Fernandes M, Fernandes CH, Santos JBGD, Valente SG. Assessment of the Effects of Swimming as a Postoperative Rehabilitation on Nerve Regeneration of Wistar Rats Submitted to Grafting of Autologous Nerves after Injury to the Sciatic Nerve. Rev Bras Ortop 2020; 55:323-328. [PMID: 32616978 PMCID: PMC7316549 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1692711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the effects of swimming on nerve regeneration after sciatic nerve injury in Wistar rats. Methods A total of 30 Wistar rats was divided into 3 groups: Sham + Nat group animals that were not submitted to graft surgery and were submitted to swimming ( n = 10); Graft group: animals submitted to autologous sciatic nerve graft ( n = 10); and Graft + Nat group: animals submitted to autologous sciatic nerve graft surgery and to swimming ( n = 10). The results were analyzed on the software (GraphPad Software, San Diego, CA, USA). Results In the first evaluation, all sciatic functional index (SFI) values were similar ( p = 0.609). Thirty days after the surgical procedure, we observed differences between all the comparisons: Sham + Nat (-34.64 ± 13.89) versus Graft (-145.9 ± 26.06); Sham + Nat versus Graft + Nat (-89.40 ± 7.501); Graft (-145.9 ± 26.06) versus Graft + Nat (-89.40 ± 7.501). In the measurements (60 and 90 days), there was no statistical difference between the Graft and Graft + Nat groups, with significantly lower values in relation to the control group ( p < 0.001). The number of motor neurons presented differences in the comparisons between the Sham + Nat and Graft groups (647.1 ± 16.42 versus 563.4 ± 8.07; p < 0.05), and between the Sham + Nat and Graft + Nat groups (647.1 ± 16.42 versus 558.8 ± 14.79; p < 0.05). There was no difference between the Graft and Graft + Nat groups. Conclusion Animals submitted to the swimming protocol after the sciatic nerve grafting procedure did not present differences in the SFI values and motor neuron numbers when compared to the control group. Therefore, this type of protocol is not efficient for the rehabilitation of peripheral nerve lesions that require grafting. Therefore, further studies are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Luis Renato Nakachima
- Departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Marcela Fernandes
- Departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | | | | | - Sandra Gomes Valente
- Departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li B, Chen L, Gu YD. Stability of motor endplates is greater in the biceps than in the interossei in a rat model of obstetric brachial plexus palsy. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:1678-1685. [PMID: 32209772 PMCID: PMC7437588 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.276341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The time window for repair of the lower trunk is shorter than that of the upper trunk in patients with obstetric brachial plexus palsy. The denervated intrinsic muscles of the hand become irreversibly atrophic much faster than the denervated biceps. However, it is unclear whether the motor endplates of the denervated interosseous muscles degenerate more rapidly than those of the denervated biceps. In this study, we used a rat model of obstetric brachial plexus palsy of the right upper limb. C5–6 was lacerated distal to the intervertebral foramina, with concurrent avulsion of C7–8 and T1, with the left upper limb used as the control. Bilateral interossei and biceps were collected at 5 and 7 weeks. Immunofluorescence was used to assess the morphology of the motor endplates. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot assay were used to assess mRNA and protein expression levels of acetylcholine receptor subunits (α, β and δ), rapsyn and β-catenin. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that motor endplates in the denervated interossei were fragmented, while those in the denervated biceps were morphologically intact with little fragmentation. The number and area of motor endplates, relative to the control side, were significantly lower in the denervated interossei compared with the denervated biceps. mRNA and protein expression levels of acetylcholine receptor subunits (α, β and δ) were significantly lower, whereas β-catenin protein expression was higher, in the denervated interossei compared with the denervated biceps. The protein expression of rapsyn was higher in the denervated biceps than in the denervated interossei at 7 weeks. Our findings demonstrate that motor endplates of interossei are destabilized, whereas those of the biceps remain stable, in the rat model of obstetric brachial plexus palsy. All procedures were approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Fudan University, China (approval No. DF-187) in January 2016.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Dong Gu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ferreira MC, Oliveira MX, Souza JI, Souza RA, Machado TPG, Santos AP. Effects of two intensities of treadmill exercise on neuromuscular recovery after median nerve crush injury in Wistar rats. J Exerc Rehabil 2019; 15:392-400. [PMID: 31316931 PMCID: PMC6614769 DOI: 10.12965/jer.19.328126.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Considering the potential action of exercise on neuroplasticity and the need to adapt protocols to enhance functional recovery after nerve injury, this study evaluated the effects of two intensities of treadmill exercise on nervous and muscular tissues and functional recovery after nerve crush injury. Wistar rats were distributed into sedentary group (SED), and 10 m/min (EG10) and 17 m/min (EG17) exercise groups. The exercise started one week after the injury. Ten daily sessions were performed with a 2-day interval after the fifth day. The flexor digitorum muscle and two segments of the median nerve were analysed histomorphometrically by light microscopy and computer analysis. Function was evaluated by grasping test, in 3 moments. Approval number: 016/2013. In the proximal segments of the median nerve, the diameter of myelinated fibres and axon, the myelin sheath thickness and the ratio of axon diameter to fibre diameter (g ratio) were significantly larger (P<0.05) in the EG10. The number of myelinated fibres was lesser in the EG17 than the other groups (P<0.05). No difference in the number of myelinated fibres among groups was observed in the distal segments, but the SED presented significantly larger axon and fibre diameters than those that performed exercise. The EG10 presented greater area and diameter of muscle fibres (P<0.05) and functional improvement observed on the 21st day after injury (P<0.05) compared with the EG17 and SED. Continuous exercise at 10 m/min accentuates nerve regeneration, accelerating functional recovery and preventing muscle atrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcílio Coelho Ferreira
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Department of Physiotherapy, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Murilo X Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Department of Physiotherapy, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Josiane I Souza
- Animal Experimentation Center, Department of Physiotherapy, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Renato A Souza
- Federal Institute of South of Minas Gerais, Campus Muzambinho, Muzambinho, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thaís P G Machado
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Department of Physiotherapy, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Department of Physiotherapy, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gilloteaux J, Subramanian K, Solomon N, Nicaise C. The leptin receptor mutation of the obese Zucker rat causes sciatic nerve demyelination with a centripetal pattern defect. Ultrastruct Pathol 2018; 42:377-408. [PMID: 30339059 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2018.1522405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Young male Zucker rats with a leptin receptor mutation are obese, have a non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), and other endocrinopathies. Tibial branches of the sciatic nerve reveal a progressive demyelination that progresses out of the Schwann cells (SCs) where electron-contrast deposits are accumulated while the minor lines or intermembranous SC contacts display exaggerated spacings. Cajal bands contain diversely contrasted vesicles adjacent to the abaxonal myelin layer with blemishes; they appear dispatched centripetally out of many narrow electron densities, regularly spaced around the myelin annulus. These anomalies widen and yield into sectors across the stacked myelin layers. Throughout the worse degradations, the adaxonal membrane remains along the axonal neuroplasm. This peripheral neuropathy with irresponsive leptin cannot modulate hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and SC neurosteroids, thus exacerbates NIDDM condition. Additionally, the ultrastructure of the progressive myelin alterations may have unraveled a peculiar, centripetal mode of trafficking maintenance of the peripheral nervous system myelin, while some adhesive glycoproteins remain between myelin layers, somewhat hindering the axon mutilation. Heading title: Peripheral neuropathy and myelin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Gilloteaux
- a Department of Anatomical Sciences , St George's University School of Medicine, K.B. Taylor Global Scholar's Program at Northumbria University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK.,b Unité de Recherche en Physiologie Moléculaire (URPhyM), Laboratoire de Neurodégénérescence et Régénération, Département de Médecine , Université de Namur , Namur , Belgium
| | - Kritika Subramanian
- a Department of Anatomical Sciences , St George's University School of Medicine, K.B. Taylor Global Scholar's Program at Northumbria University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK.,c Department of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology , Rega Institute of Medical Research, Katholiele Universiteit Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Nadia Solomon
- a Department of Anatomical Sciences , St George's University School of Medicine, K.B. Taylor Global Scholar's Program at Northumbria University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK
| | - Charles Nicaise
- b Unité de Recherche en Physiologie Moléculaire (URPhyM), Laboratoire de Neurodégénérescence et Régénération, Département de Médecine , Université de Namur , Namur , Belgium
| |
Collapse
|