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Li R, Hu C, Geng T, Lv D, Gao K, Guo X, Hou C. Expressional analysis of the silkworm storage protein 1 and identification of its interacting proteins. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 29:66-76. [PMID: 31301266 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Storage proteins are haemolymph-specific proteins in insects, mainly synthesized in the fat body, released into the haemolymph, and then selectively reabsorbed by the fat body before pupation. These storage proteins play an important role in insect metamorphosis and egg development. Some of these storage proteins are responsive to pathogen infection and can even suppress pathogen multiplication. However, the mechanisms of the physiological, biochemical and immune-responsive functions of storage proteins remain unclear. In this study, the expression patterns of Bombyx mori storage protein 1 (BmSP1) during the larval stage were analysed. Then, BmSP1 protein fused with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) was successfully expressed in a B. mori baculovirus vector expression system. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that the expression level of BmSP1 increased with the advance of instars and reached the highest level in the fifth instar, especially in the fat body. Recombinant BmSP1 expressed in silkworm larvae inhibited haemolymph melanization. Then, proteins that interact with BmSP1 were identified with EGFP used as an antigenic determinant by co-immunoprecipitation. A 30 kDa low molecular weight lipoprotein PBMHP-6 precursor (BmLP6) was shown to interact with BmSP1. Yeast two-hybrid experiments confirmed the interaction between BmSP1 and BmLP6. The results obtained in this study will be helpful for further study of the functions of BmSP1 and BmLP6 in the regulatory network of silkworm development and innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruilin Li
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
- Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Congwu Hu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
- Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Tao Geng
- Environment and Plant Protection Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | | | - Kun Gao
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
- Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xijie Guo
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
- Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Chengxiang Hou
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
- Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, China
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Kayser H, Nimtz M. Farnesyl biliverdins IXα are novel ligands of biliproteins from moths of the Noctuoidea superfamily: A chemosystematic view of the Lepidoptera. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 78:12-19. [PMID: 27581999 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Bilins, derived from biliverdin IXα, are known from animals, plants and microorganisms, where they play vital roles as light-absorbing pigments. Bilins occur also in many insects. Recently, we discovered in insects a novel structural type of bilins with a farnesyl substituent at pyrrole ring A of biliverdin IXα. The first of these unusual bilins with a molecular mass of 852 (C48H60O10N4) was identified in Cerura vinula, subsequently in Spodoptera littoralis; both species are members of the Noctuoidea superfamily of moths. From an evolutionary point of view, it was of interest to examine other species and families of this monophyletic clade. Here, we show that other moths species in this clade (three Notodontidae species, one Erebidae species, and one Noctuidae species) have farnesylated biliverdins IXα that are present as a mixture of three bilins, differing by the number of oxygen atoms (O8-10). These bilins are associated with typical hemolymph storage proteins, which were identified by mass spectroscopic sequencing of tryptic peptides as arylphorins (a class of 500-kDa hexamerins) in the Notodontidae and Erebidae families, and as 350-kDa very high-density lipoproteins in the Noctuidae family. Circular dichroism spectroscopy revealed that the bilins adopt opposite conformations in complex with the two different classes of proteins. At present, farnesylated biliverdins and IXα-isomers of bilins in general are known only from species of the Noctuoidea clade; the sister clades of Bombycoidea and Papilionoidea synthesise the IXγ-isomer of biliverdin and derivatives thereof.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hartmut Kayser
- Institute of General Zoology and Endocrinology, Ulm University, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Manfred Nimtz
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Disease, Cellular Proteome Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
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Kayser H, Nimtz M, Ringler P, Müller SA. Very high-density lipoprotein and vitellin as carriers of novel biliverdins IXα with a farnesyl side-chain presumably derived from heme A in Spodoptera littoralis. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 68:41-51. [PMID: 26546815 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2015.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Bilins in complex with specific proteins play key roles in many forms of life. Biliproteins have also been isolated from insects; however, structural details are rare and possible functions largely unknown. Recently, we identified a high-molecular weight biliprotein from a moth, Cerura vinula, as an arylphorin-type hexameric storage protein linked to a novel farnesyl biliverdin IXα; its unusual structure suggests formation by cleavage of mitochondrial heme A. In the present study of another moth, Spodoptera littoralis, we isolated two different biliproteins. These proteins were identified as a very high-density lipoprotein (VHDL) and as vitellin, respectively, by mass spectrometric sequencing. Both proteins are associated with three different farnesyl biliverdins IXα: the one bilin isolated from C. vinula and two new structurally closely related bilins, supposed to be intermediates of heme A degradation. The different bilin composition of the two biliproteins suggests that the presumed oxidations at the farnesyl side-chain take place mainly during egg development. The egg bilins are supposedly transferred from hemolymph VHDL to vitellin in the female. Both biliproteins show strong induced circular dichroism activity compatible with a predominance of the M-conformation of the bilins. This conformation is opposite to that of the arylphorin-type biliprotein from C. vinula. Electron microscopy of the VHDL-type biliprotein from S. littoralis provided a preliminary view of its structure as a homodimer and confirmed the biochemically determined molecular mass of ∼350 kDa. Further, images of S. littoralis hexamerins revealed a 2 × 3 construction identical to that known from the hexamerin from C. vinula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hartmut Kayser
- Institute of General Zoology and Endocrinology, Ulm University, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Manfred Nimtz
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Disease, Cellular Proteome Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Philippe Ringler
- Center for Cellular Imaging and NanoAnalytics (C-CINA), Biozentrum, University Basel, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Shirley A Müller
- Center for Cellular Imaging and NanoAnalytics (C-CINA), Biozentrum, University Basel, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
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Singh NK, Pakkianathan BC, Kumar M, Prasad T, Kannan M, König S, Krishnan M. Vitellogenin from the silkworm, Bombyx mori: an effective anti-bacterial agent. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73005. [PMID: 24058454 PMCID: PMC3772815 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Silkworm, Bombyx mori, vitellogenin (Vg) was isolated from perivisceral fat body of day 3 of pupa. Both Vg subunits were co-purified as verified by mass spectrometry and immunoblot. Purified Vg responded to specific tests for major posttranslational modifications on native gels indicating its nature as lipo-glyco-phosphoprotein. The Vg fraction had strong antibacterial activity against Gram negative bacterium Escherichia coli and Gram positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis. Microscopic images showed binding of Vg to bacterial cells and their destruction. When infected silkworm larvae were treated with purified Vg they survived the full life cycle in contrast to untreated animals. This result showed that Vg has the ability to inhibit the proliferation of bacteria in the silkworm fluid system without disturbing the regular metabolism of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Kumar Singh
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | | | - Manish Kumar
- Advanced Instrumentation Research Facility, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Tulika Prasad
- Advanced Instrumentation Research Facility, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Mani Kannan
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - Simone König
- Integrated Functional Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Muthukalingan Krishnan
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
- * E-mail:
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Sum H, Haunerland NH. VHDL, a larval storage protein from the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea, is a member of the vitellogenin gene family. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2007; 37:1086-93. [PMID: 17785196 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2007.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2007] [Revised: 05/24/2007] [Accepted: 06/12/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The hemolymph of last instar larvae of the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea contains a blue very high-density lipoprotein (VHDL) that is selectively taken up into fat body prior to pupation. Its amino-terminal sequence was determined by Edman degradation, and used to design a degenerate primer for PCR amplification. With 5' and 3' RACE techniques, the entire cDNA coding for VHDL was amplified and sequenced. Conceptual translation reveals a 173 kDa protein that contains a 15 amino acid signal sequence immediately before the experimentally determined N-terminus of the mature protein. The protein contains a typical lipoprotein N-terminal domain, and shows high sequence similarity to vitellogenins from Lepidoptera and other insect species. VHDL mRNA was not detectable in adult H. zea, and antibodies raised against VHDL did not react with adult hemolymph or yolk proteins. Therefore VHDL, although a member of the vitellogenin gene family, seems to be distinct from the vitellogenin expressed in adult females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Sum
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6
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Murata M, Tojo S. Flight capability and fatty acid level in triacylglycerol of long-distance migratory adults of the common cutworm, Spodoptera litura. Zoolog Sci 2004; 21:181-8. [PMID: 14993830 DOI: 10.2108/zsj.21.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The larvae of Spodoptera litura were reared on an artificial diet, and the flight capability, and triacylglycerol (TG) level plus its fatty acid composition in 3-day-old sexually mature and non-fed adults were compared. In males, during 3 hr of tethered flight, the levels of abdominal TG and its fatty acid components did not change. But thereafter the TG and fatty acids, significantly unsaturated fatty acids in TG declined in their levels with the prolongation of flight, unsaturated fatty acids being exhausted preceding saturated fatty acid decline. When males were tested by tethered flight for 20 hr, some could fly for nearly the whole period, and were judged to be able to fly for approximately 24 hr, depending on the level of residual TG. Fatty aids in TG decreased in females similarly to males during tethered flight and some females with fully developed ovaries deposited eggs after 12 hr of flight similarly to non-flown individuals, which supports the long-distance flight capability even in sexually mature females. These results are discussed with regard to the overseas migration of this moth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Murata
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Japan
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