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Kearney CM, Korthagen NM, Plomp SGM, Labberté MC, de Grauw JC, van Weeren PR, Brama PAJ. A Translational Model for Repeated Episodes of Joint Inflammation: Welfare, Clinical and Synovial Fluid Biomarker Assessment. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3190. [PMID: 37893914 PMCID: PMC10603652 DOI: 10.3390/ani13203190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates repeated low-dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injections in equine joints as a model for recurrent joint inflammation and its impact on animal welfare. Joint inflammation was induced in eight horses by injecting 0.25 ng of LPS three times at two-week intervals. Welfare scores and clinical parameters were recorded at baseline and over 168 h post-injection. Serial synoviocentesis was performed for the analysis of a panel of synovial fluid biomarkers of inflammation and cartilage turnover. Clinical parameters and a final synoviocentesis were also performed eight weeks after the last sampling point to assess the recovery of normal joint homeostasis. Statistical methods were used to compare the magnitude of response to each of the 3 LPS inductions and to compare the baseline and final measurements. Each LPS injection produced consistent clinical and biomarker responses, with minimal changes in welfare scores. General matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity and joint circumference showed greater response to the second LPS induction, but response to the third was comparable to the first. Gylcosaminoglycans (GAG) levels showed a significantly decreased response with each induction, while collagen-cleavage neoepitope of type II collagen (C2C) and carboxypropetide of type II collagen epitope (CPII) showed quicker responses to the second and third inductions. All parameters were comparable to baseline values at the final timepoint. In conclusion, a consistent, reliable intra-articular inflammatory response can be achieved with repeated injections of 0.25 ng LPS, with minimal impact on animal welfare, suggesting potential as a refined translational model of recurrent joint inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clodagh M. Kearney
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, D04 W6F6 Dublin, Ireland (P.A.J.B.)
| | - Nicoline M. Korthagen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands (S.G.M.P.); (P.R.v.W.)
| | - Saskia G. M. Plomp
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands (S.G.M.P.); (P.R.v.W.)
| | - Margot C. Labberté
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, D04 W6F6 Dublin, Ireland (P.A.J.B.)
| | - Janny C. de Grauw
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK
| | - P. René van Weeren
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands (S.G.M.P.); (P.R.v.W.)
| | - Pieter A. J. Brama
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, D04 W6F6 Dublin, Ireland (P.A.J.B.)
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Kearney CM, Khatab S, van Buul GM, Plomp SGM, Korthagen NM, Labberté MC, Goodrich LR, Kisiday JD, Van Weeren PR, van Osch GJVM, Brama PAJ. Treatment Effects of Intra-Articular Allogenic Mesenchymal Stem Cell Secretome in an Equine Model of Joint Inflammation. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:907616. [PMID: 35812845 PMCID: PMC9257274 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.907616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundAllogenic mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) secretome is a novel intra-articular therapeutic that has shown promise in in vitro and small animal models and warrants further investigation.ObjectivesTo investigate if intra-articular allogenic MSC-secretome has anti-inflammatory effects using an equine model of joint inflammation.Study DesignRandomized positively and negatively controlled experimental study.MethodIn phase 1, joint inflammation was induced bilaterally in radiocarpal joints of eight horses by injecting 0.25 ng lipopolysaccharide (LPS). After 2 h, the secretome of INFy and TNFα stimulated allogeneic equine MSCs was injected in one randomly assigned joint, while the contralateral joint was injected with medium (negative control). Clinical parameters (composite welfare scores, joint effusion, joint circumference) were recorded, and synovial fluid samples were analyzed for biomarkers (total protein, WBCC; eicosanoid mediators, CCL2; TNFα; MMP; GAGs; C2C; CPII) at fixed post-injection hours (PIH 0, 8, 24, 72, and 168 h). The effects of time and treatment on clinical and synovial fluid parameters and the presence of time-treatment interactions were evaluated. For phase 2, allogeneic MSC-secretome vs. allogeneic equine MSCs (positive control) was tested using a similar methodology.ResultsIn phase 1, the joint circumference was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in the MSC-secretome treated group compared to the medium control group at PIH 24, and significantly higher peak synovial GAG values were noted at PIH 24 (p < 0.001). In phase 2, no significant differences were noted between the treatment effects of MSC-secretome and MSCs.Main LimitationsThis study is a controlled experimental study and therefore cannot fully reflect natural joint disease. In phase 2, two therapeutics are directly compared and there is no negative control.ConclusionsIn this model of joint inflammation, intra-articular MSC-secretome injection had some clinical anti-inflammatory effects. An effect on cartilage metabolism, evident as a rise in GAG levels was also noted, although it is unclear whether this could be considered a beneficial or detrimental effect. When directly comparing MSC-secretome to MSCs in this model results were comparable, indicating that MSC-secretome could be a viable off-the-shelf alternative to MSC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clodagh M. Kearney
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- *Correspondence: Clodagh M. Kearney
| | - Sohrab Khatab
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gerben M. van Buul
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Beacon Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Saskia G. M. Plomp
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Nicoline M. Korthagen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Margot C. Labberté
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Laurie R. Goodrich
- Equine Orthopaedic Research Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - John D. Kisiday
- Equine Orthopaedic Research Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - P. R. Van Weeren
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Gerjo J. V. M. van Osch
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Pieter A. J. Brama
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Anti-cancer properties and catalytic oxidation of sulfides based on vanadium(V) complexes of unprotected sugar-based Schiff-base ligands. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.115655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Bendele AM, Neelagiri M, Neelagiri V, Sucholeiki I. Development of a selective matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13) inhibitor for the treatment of Osteoarthritis. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 224:113666. [PMID: 34245949 PMCID: PMC8511113 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic disorder that causes damage to the cartilage and surrounding tissues and is characterized by pain, stiffness, and loss of function. Current treatments for OA primarily involve providing only relief of symptoms but does not affect the overall trajectory of the disease. A major goal for treating OA has been to slow down or reverse disease progression. Matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) is expressed by chondrocytes and synovial cells in human OA and is thought to play a critical role in cartilage destruction. Herein we report a new, allosteric MMP-13 inhibitor, AQU-019, that has been optimized for potency, metabolic stability, and oral bioavailability through a combination of structure activity relationship (SAR) and deuterium substitution as a potential disease modifying OA drug (DMOAD). The inhibitor was demonstrated to be chondroprotective when injected intraarticular (IA) in the monoiodoacetic acid (MIA) rat model of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Bendele
- BolderBioPath, Inc., 5541 Central Avenue, Suite 160, Boulder, CO, 80301, USA
| | - Madhavi Neelagiri
- Aquilus Pharmaceuticals Inc., 400 West Cummings Park, Woburn, MA, 01801, USA
| | - Venugopal Neelagiri
- Aquilus Pharmaceuticals Inc., 400 West Cummings Park, Woburn, MA, 01801, USA
| | - Irving Sucholeiki
- Aquilus Pharmaceuticals Inc., 400 West Cummings Park, Woburn, MA, 01801, USA.
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Vervuert I, Stratton-Phelps M. The Safety and Efficacy in Horses of Certain Nutraceuticals that Claim to Have Health Benefits. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2021; 37:207-222. [PMID: 33618951 DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Equine nutraceuticals are promoted as useful therapies to help optimize health and athletic performance, often without the benefit of independent research to support product efficacy and safety. This review focuses on 4 main categories of equine supplements that are frequently used as nutraceuticals: (i) supplements to support metabolic health, (ii) gastric support products, (iii) common ingredients that are included in supplements designed to support hoof health, and (iv) supplements to support joint health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Vervuert
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Nutrition Diseases and Dietetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, An den Tierkliniken 9, Leipzig 04103, Germany.
| | - Meri Stratton-Phelps
- All Creatures Veterinary Nutrition Consulting, 3407 Millbrook Court, Fairfield, CA 94534, USA
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Much ML, Leatherwood JL, Martinez RE, Silvers BL, Basta CF, Gray LF, Bradbery AN. Evaluation of an oral joint supplement on gait kinematics and biomarkers of cartilage metabolism and inflammation in mature riding horses. Transl Anim Sci 2020; 4:txaa150. [PMID: 32968713 PMCID: PMC7497898 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txaa150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty stock-type horses (589 ± 126 kg BW; 13 ± 8 yr) were used in a completely randomized design for 28-d to evaluate the impact of a joint supplement on gait kinematics, inflammation, and cartilage metabolism. Horses were stratified by age, sex, body weight (BW), and initial lameness scores and were randomly assigned to one of two dietary treatments consisting of either a 100-g placebo top-dressed daily to 0.6% BW (as-fed) commercial concentrate (CON; n = 10; SafeChoice Original, Cargill, Inc.), or an oral joint supplement (SmartPak Equine LLC) containing glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate, hyaluronic acid, methylsulfonylmethane, turmeric, resveratrol, collagen, silica, and boron (TRT; n = 10). Horses were group-housed with ad libitum access to coastal bermudagrass hay (Cynodon dactylon) and allowed to graze pasture 2 h/d. Horses were exercised progressively 4 d/wk at 45 min each. On days 13 and 27, blood was harvested followed by a 19.3-km exercise stressor on concrete. Horses traveled at the walk, with no more than 15 min at the trot. Every 14 d, BW and BCS were recorded, and blood was collected for plasma prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), serum collagenase cleavage neopeptide (C2C), carboxypropeptide of type II collagen (CPII), and chondroitin sulfate 846 epitope (CS846) analysis. Kinematic gait analysis was performed every 14 d (Kinovea v.0.8.15) to determine stride length (SL) and range of motion (ROM) of the knee and hock at the walk and trot. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS. All horses increased BW and BCS over time (P ≤ 0.01). Hock ROM increased in TRT horses (P ≤ 0.02) at the walk and tended to increase at the trot compared to CON (P = 0.09). At the walk, SL and knee ROM increased over time, independent of dietary treatment (P ≤ 0.01); no time effect was observed at the trot (P > 0.15). Regardless of treatment, C2C and CPII increased over time (P ≤ 0.05) and no effect was observed for CS846 or PGE2 (P > 0.12). In response to the exercise stressor, CPII and PGE2 decreased (P ≤ 0.05) from day 13 to 14, and CS846 and PGE2 tended to decrease (P ≤ 0.10) from day 27 to 28, independent of dietary treatment. In conclusion, hock ROM at the walk and trot was most sensitive to dietary treatment. Supplementation did not alter biomarker concentration of collagen metabolites or systemic inflammation in the 28-d period, but a future study utilizing arthrocentesis may be warranted to specifically evaluate intra-articular response to dietary treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattea L Much
- Texas A&M University, Department of Animal Science, College Station, TX
| | | | - Rafael E Martinez
- Texas A&M University, Department of Animal Science, College Station, TX
| | | | | | | | - Amanda N Bradbery
- Texas A&M University, Department of Animal Science, College Station, TX
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8
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Li Y, Chen L, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Liang Y, Mei Y. Anti-inflammatory effects in a mouse osteoarthritis model of a mixture of glucosamine and chitooligosaccharides produced by bi-enzyme single-step hydrolysis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5624. [PMID: 29618773 PMCID: PMC5884859 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24050-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a novel technique of bi-enzyme single-step hydrolysis, using recombinant chitosanase (McChoA) and exo-β-D-glucosaminidase (AorCsxA) constructed previously in our lab, to degrade chitosan. The hydrolysis product was shown by HPLC, FTIR, and chemical analyses to be a mixture (termed “GC”) composed primarily of glucosamine (80.00%) and chitooligosaccharides (9.80%). We performed experiments with a mouse osteoarthritis (OA) model to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of GC against OA. The three “GC groups” (which underwent knee joint damage followed by oral administration of GC at concentrations 40, 80, and 160 mg/kg·bw·d for 15 days) showed significantly downregulated serum expression of pre-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α), and significant, dose-dependent enhancement of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-2, in comparison with Model group. Levels of C-reactive protein, which typically rise in response to inflammatory processes, were significantly lower in the GC groups than in Model group. Thymus index and levels of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM) were higher in the GC groups. Knee joint swelling was relieved and typical OA symptoms were partially ameliorated in the GC-treated groups. Our findings indicate that GC has strong anti-inflammatory effects and potential as a therapeutic agent against OA and other inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 9 Zhangzhidong Street, Wuhan, 430060, P. R. China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Yunxiang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China.,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Industrial Fermentation, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Yuxia Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China.
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Leatherwood JL, Gehl KL, Coverdale JA, Arnold CE, Dabareiner RA, Walter KN, Lamprecht ED. Influence of oral glucosamine supplementation in young horses challenged with intra-articular lipopolysaccharide. J Anim Sci 2017; 94:3294-3302. [PMID: 27695773 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016-0343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fourteen yearling Quarter horses (351 to 470 kg) were utilized in a randomized complete block design to evaluate potential of glucosamine hydrochloride (HCl) to mitigate intra-articular inflammation following a single inflammatory insult. Horses were blocked by BW, age, and sex, and randomly assigned to treatments for a 98-d experiment. Treatments consisted of a control diet (CON; = 7) fed 1% BW per d (as-fed) of concentrate only or a treatment diet ( = 7) of concentrate top dressed with 30 mg/kg BW glucosamine HCl (99.6% purity; GLU30) offered at 12 h intervals. Horses were maintained in individual stalls and offered approximately 1% BW per d of coastal bermudagrass hay (). Plasma and synovial fluid samples were obtained every 14 and 28 d, respectively, and stored at -20°C, before analysis of glucosamine via HPLC. On d 84, an intra-articular lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge was conducted on all horses to determine ability of dietary glucosamine HCl supplementation to mitigate joint inflammation and cartilage metabolism. Carpal joints were randomly selected to receive 1 of 2 intra-articular treatments and included sterile lactated Ringer's (control; Contra) only or 0.5 ng LPS solution (LPS) obtained from O55:B5 into the radial carpal joint. Synovial fluid was obtained at pre-injection h 0 and 6, 12, 24, 128, and 336 h post-injection, and was analyzed for prostaglandin E (PGE), carboxypeptide of type II collagen (CPII) and collagenase cleavage neopeptide (C2C) biomarkers by commercial ELISA kits. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED procedure of SAS. Plasma and synovial glucosamine tended ( = 0.10 and = 0.06, respectively) to increase over time in response to GLU30 compared to CON. There was a treatment by time interaction ( ≤ 0.01), with GLU30 increasing plasma glucosamine concentrations at 28 and 42 d when compared to CON. A treatment by time interaction ( ≤ 0.01) was observed with GLU30 increasing synovial glucosamine levels at d 28 and 84 ( ≤ 0.01 and = 0.05, respectively). Intra-articular LPS increased ( ≤ 0.01) synovial PGE, C2C, and CPII levels. GLU30 decreased synovial PGE and C2C concentrations when compared to CON ( = 0.04 and = 0.05, respectively), while synovial levels of CPII increased ( ≤ 0.01) in GLU30 horses. These results indicate the potential for oral glucosamine HCl to mitigate intra-articular inflammation and influence cartilage turnover in a young horse model.
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Purification, structural characterization and antiproliferative properties of chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate from tunisian fish skins. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 95:32-39. [PMID: 27840213 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.10.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate GAGs were extracted and purified from the skins of grey triggerfish (GTSG) and smooth hound (SHSG). The disaccharide composition produced by chondroitinase ABC treatment showed the presence of nonsulfated disaccharide, monosulfated disaccharides ΔDi6S and ΔDi4S, and disulfated disaccharides in different percentages. In particular, the nonsulfated disaccharide ΔDi0S of GTSG and SHSG were 3.5% and 5.5%, respectively, while monosulfated disaccharides ΔDi6S and ΔDi4S were evaluated to be 18.2%, 59% and 14.6%, 47.0%, respectively. Capillary elecrophoresis analysis of GTSG and SHSG contained 99.2% and 95.4% of chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate, respectively. PAGE analysis showed a GTSG and SHSG having molecular masses with average values of 41.72KDa and 23.8KDa, respectively. HCT116 cell proliferation was inhibited (p<0.05) by 70.6% and 72.65% at 200μg/mL of GTSG and SHSG respectively. Both GTSG and SHSG demonstrated promising antiproliferative potential, which may be used as a novel, effective agent.
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Esfandiari H, Pakravan M, Zakeri Z, Ziaie S, Pakravan P, Ownagh V. Effect of glucosamine on intraocular pressure: a randomized clinical trial. Eye (Lond) 2016; 31:389-394. [PMID: 27768119 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2016.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PurposeThe purpose of the study was to investigate ocular hypertensive effect of exogenous glucosamine in comparison with placebo in patients with osteoarthritis.Patients and methodsIn this double-masked randomized clinical trial, 88 patients with osteoarthritis were included. Forty-four patients were randomized into either glucosamine sulfate or the placebo group.Comprehensive ophthalmologic exam including intraocular pressure (IOP) at baseline, month 1, and 3 was performed. Ocular response analyzer parameters were also checked at baseline and month 3.ResultsThe mean IOP at the time of presentation was 12.4±2.7 mm Hg in glucosamine and 13±2.8 mm Hg in the placebo group (P=0.329). At month 1 the corresponding values were 12.6±2.4 and 12.9±2.4 mm Hg (P=0.868), and at 3 months follow-up were 13.5±2.3 and 13±2.7 mm Hg (P=0.002), respectively. About 34.1% in treatment and 12.5% in the placebo group had clinically significant (defined as ≥ 2 mm Hg) rise in IOP at final follow-up (P=0.023). Mean age in those with significant rise in IOP was 66 vs 57.7 years in patients with <2 mm Hg (P=0.034). The ORA parameters remained unchanged in both the groups during the course of study.ConclusionGlucosamine supplement therapy causes statistically significant rise of IOP, which is more pronounced in elderly patients. Clinical implication of this finding needs further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Esfandiari
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ophthalmic Research Center, Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Pakravan
- Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Z Zakeri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Ziaie
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - P Pakravan
- Orange Coast Colleges, Costa Mesa, CA, USA
| | - V Ownagh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ophthalmic Research Center, Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Maxwell LK, Regier P, Achanta S. Comparison of Glucosamine Absorption After Administration of Oral Liquid, Chewable, and Tablet Formulations to Dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2016; 52:90-4. [DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-6267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Glucosamine (GS) is commonly administered as a nutritional supplement to support joint function. Although many supplements are available, the effect of formulation on oral absorption in dogs is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the relative bioavailability of GS for liquid, chewable, and tablet formulations containing GS sulfate or hydrochloride and chondroitin sulfate. In a randomized cross-over design, supplements were administered daily for 8 days with a 1 wk washout period between treatments. Liquid or Tablet A was administered to four dogs, whereas Liquid or Tablet B was administered to four additional dogs. When nutraceutical exposure was normalized to the administered dose of GS free base, similar relative bioavailabilities were determined for all three formulations. However, the dose-normalized maximum plasma GS concentration was higher for the liquid supplement (5.5 ± 0.5 μg/mL) than for the two tablets (3.1 ± 0.6 and 2.1 ± 0.6 μg/mL, P < 0.001). Similarly, the time at which maximal plasma GS concentrations occurred was shorter for the liquid formulation (0.7 ± 0.5 hr) than for the two tablets (4.2 ± 0.6 and 5.0 ± 0.6 hr, P < 0.001). These data show that the formulation of joint supplements affects the oral absorption of GS in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Penny Regier
- P. Regier's present affiliation is Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
- From Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK
| | - Satyanarayana Achanta
- S. Achanta's present affiliation is Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
- From Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK
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Chang NJ, Lin YT, Lin CC, Wang HC, Hsu HC, Yeh ML. The repair of full-thickness articular cartilage defect using intra-articular administration of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine in the rabbit knee: randomized controlled trial. Biomed Eng Online 2015; 14:105. [PMID: 26582033 PMCID: PMC4652361 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-015-0100-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although various alterative models of therapy are used for cartilage repair, no definite conclusion has been reached. Glucosamine (GlcN) is widely used as a nutritional supplement. However, the clinical- evidence-based outcome of GlcN administration remains controversial. N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (GlcNAc), a derivative of GlcN, shows chondroprotective activity and mediates the activation of articular chondrocytes. Therefore, we investigated the effect of intra-articular administration of GlcNAc in rabbits’ knee joints with experimental full-thickness articular cartilage (FTAC) defects. Methods Twelve male adult New Zealand white rabbits, providing 24 knees, were used in this study. FTAC defects were created in the high-weight-bearing area of the medial femoral condyles of bilateral knees. All rabbits were randomly allocated to analysis at postsurgical week 4 or postsurgical week 12. In the week 4 group, rabbits’ knees (six per group) were intra-articularly injected with normal saline or with GlcNAc twice per week for 3 weeks, beginning 1 week postoperatively. In the week 12 group, the rabbits’ knees (six in each group) were intra-articularly injected with normal saline or with GlcNAc twice per week for 4 weeks, beginning 1 week postoperatively. Rabbits were sacrificed at 4 or 12 weeks after surgery for macroscopic, histological and radiological examinations of the knee joints. Results All rabbits had no systemic or local adverse effects. The saline and GlcNAc groups showed visible differences in healing of the FTAC defect at the end of testing. At week 4, the GlcNAc group had a higher level of collagen type II (COL II) and showed up-regulated production of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2 and TGF-β3, suggesting the involvement of endogenous growth factors. At week 12, the GlcNAc group displayed formation of hyaline-like cartilage regeneration with mature chondrocytes (SOX9+), robust glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content, and positive COL II content in both the adjacent cartilage and reparative sites. However, the saline group demonstrated mainly fibrocartilage scar tissue, indicating COL I expression. Furthermore, the GlcNAc group had significantly higher bone volume per tissue volume and higher trabecular thickness than the saline group. Conclusions Intra-articular GlcNAc may promote the repair of experimental FTAC defects in the rabbit knee joint model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Jen Chang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Ting Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Rd., Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Chan Lin
- Laboratory Animal Center, Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Hsueh-Chun Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Rd., Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
| | - Horng-Chaung Hsu
- Department of Orthopedics, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Long Yeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Rd., Tainan, 701, Taiwan. .,Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
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14
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Eraslan A, Ulkar B. Glucosamine Supplementation after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Athletes: A Randomized Placebo-controlled Trial. Res Sports Med 2015; 23:14-26. [DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2014.975809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Eraslan
- Department of Sports Medicine, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Bulent Ulkar
- Department of Sports Medicine, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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15
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Jiang L, Jin Y, Wang H, Jiang Y, Dong J. Glucosamine protects nucleus pulposus cells and induces autophagy via the mTOR-dependent pathway. J Orthop Res 2014; 32:1532-42. [PMID: 25087910 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Although glucosamine has been suggested to be effective in the treatment of osteoarthritis, its effect on disc degeneration remains unclear. We sought to explore whether glucosamine can activate autophagy in rat nucleus pulposus (NP) cells and protect cells treated with IL-1β or hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ). Autophagy in cells was examined by detecting for LC3, Beclin-1, m-TOR, and p70S6K, as well as by analyzing autophagosomes. To inhibit autophagy, 3-methyladenine (3-MA) was used. In the cells treated with IL-1β, the levels of Adamts-4, Mmp-13, aggrecan, and Col2a1 were analyzed by real-time PCR and immunofluorescence. Apoptosis was analyzed by TUNEL. Cell senescence under H2 O2 was revealed by SA-β-Gal staining. Glucosamine could activate autophagy in a dose-dependent manner within 24 h and inhibit the phosphorylation of m-TOR and p70S6K. Autophagy in IL-1β or H2 O2 -treated cells was increased by glucosamine. Glucosamine attenuated the decrease of aggrecan and prevented the apoptosis of the NP cells induced by IL-1β, whereas 3-MA partly reversed these effects. The percentage of SA-β-Gal-positive cells induced by H2 O2 treatment was decreased by glucosamine, accompanied by the decline of p70S6K phosphorylation. Glucosamine protects NP cells and up-regulates autophagy by inhibiting the m-TOR pathway, which might point a potential therapeutic agent for disc degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- LiBo Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
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16
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Bottegoni C, Muzzarelli RA, Giovannini F, Busilacchi A, Gigante A. Oral chondroprotection with nutraceuticals made of chondroitin sulphate plus glucosamine sulphate in osteoarthritis. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 109:126-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Revised: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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17
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Absorption, distribution and mechanism of action of SYSADOAS. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 142:362-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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18
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Brockhausen I, Anastassiades TP. Inflammation and arthritis: perspectives of the glycobiologist. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 4:173-91. [DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.4.2.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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19
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Motaghinasab S, Shirazi-Adl A, Parnianpour M, Urban JPG. Disc size markedly influences concentration profiles of intravenously administered solutes in the intervertebral disc: a computational study on glucosamine as a model solute. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2013; 23:715-23. [PMID: 24375329 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-013-3142-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 12/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tests on animals of different species with large differences in intervertebral disc size are commonly used to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of intravenously injected solutes in the disc. We hypothesize that disc size markedly affects outcome. METHODS Here, using a small non-metabolized molecule, glucosamine (GL) as a model solute, we calculate the influence of disc size on transport of GL into rat, rabbit, dog and human discs for 10 h post intravenous-injection. We used transient finite element models and considered an identical GL supply for all animals. RESULTS Huge effects of disc size on GL concentration profiles were found. Post-injection GL concentration in the rat disc reached 70% blood concentration within 15 min but remained below 10% in the human disc nucleus throughout. The GL rapidly penetrated post-injection into smaller discs resulting in homogeneous concentrations. In contrast, GL concentration, albeit at much lower levels, increased with time in the human disc with a small outward flux at the annulus periphery at longer periods. CONCLUSIONS Changes in the disc size hugely influenced GL concentrations throughout the disc at all regions and times. Increases in administered dose can neither remedy the very low concentration levels in the disc center in larger human disc at early post-injection hours nor alter the substantial differences in concentration profiles estimated among various species. The size effect will only be exacerbated as molecular weight of the solute increases and as the endplate calcifies. Extrapolation of findings from animal to human discs on the efficacy of intravenously administered solutes must proceed with great caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Motaghinasab
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Higler MH, Brommer H, L'Ami JJ, de Grauw JC, Nielen M, van Weeren PR, Laverty S, Barneveld A, Back W. The effects of three-month oral supplementation with a nutraceutical and exercise on the locomotor pattern of aged horses. Equine Vet J 2013; 46:611-7. [PMID: 24011144 DOI: 10.1111/evj.12182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY Multiple in vitro studies assessing articular tissues have indicated that glucosamine and chondroitin sulphate may possess anti-inflammatory effects, but little is known of their clinical effects in vivo. Many old horses have stiff joints, which is likely to be attributable to inflammation and therapy with these nutraceutical compounds could improve joint function. OBJECTIVES To assess the clinical effects of a mixed supplement on the improvement of stiff gait in aged horses. STUDY DESIGN Randomised, blinded, placebo-controlled study. METHODS A group of 24 geriatric equids (age 29 ± 4 years; mean ± s.d.) received either 3 months oral supplementation with a test compound (containing glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate and methyl sulfonyl methane), or a placebo. Kinematic outcome criteria (primary: stride length; secondary: carpal flexion, fore fetlock extension and tarsal range of motion) were objectively quantified on a treadmill at a walk and trot before and after treatment. RESULTS Stride length did not change significantly in the treated horses at the end of the trial. In the control group, carpal flexion and fore fetlock extension were significantly increased (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS There were no indications of effect of the supplement on gait characteristics. The observations in the control group may have been due to a habituation or exercise effect. This study does not support the use of a glucosamine/chondroitin sulfate/methyl sulfonyl methane supplement to improve stiff gait in geriatric horses because of the lack of a sizeable effect. The significant changes in gait parameters in the control group may indicate the usefulness of exercise regimens in older horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Higler
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
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Vitetta L, Coulson S, Linnane AW, Butt H. The gastrointestinal microbiome and musculoskeletal diseases: a beneficial role for probiotics and prebiotics. Pathogens 2013; 2:606-26. [PMID: 25437335 PMCID: PMC4235701 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens2040606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural medicines are an attractive option for patients diagnosed with common and debilitating musculoskeletal diseases such as Osteoarthritis (OA) or Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). The high rate of self-medication with natural products is due to (1) lack of an available cure and (2) serious adverse events associated with chronic use of pharmaceutical medications in particular non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and high dose paracetamol. Pharmaceuticals to treat pain may disrupt gastrointestinal (GIT) barrier integrity inducing GIT inflammation and a state of and hyper-permeability. Probiotics and prebiotics may comprise plausible therapeutic options that can restore GIT barrier functionality and down regulate pro-inflammatory mediators by modulating the activity of, for example, Clostridia species known to induce pro-inflammatory mediators. The effect may comprise the rescue of gut barrier physiological function. A postulated requirement has been the abrogation of free radical formation by numerous natural antioxidant molecules in order to improve musculoskeletal health outcomes, this notion in our view, is in error. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in different anatomical environments including the GIT by the epithelial lining and the commensal microbe cohort is a regulated process, leading to the formation of hydrogen peroxide which is now well recognized as an essential second messenger required for normal cellular homeostasis and physiological function. The GIT commensal profile that tolerates the host does so by regulating pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory GIT mucosal actions through the activity of ROS signaling thereby controlling the activity of pathogenic bacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samantha Coulson
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4102, Australia.
| | | | - Henry Butt
- Bioscreen, Bio21, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia.
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22
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Anastassiades T, Rees-Milton K, Xiao H, Yang X, Willett T, Grynpas M. N-acylated glucosamines for bone and joint disorders: effects of N-butyryl glucosamine on ovariectomized rat bone. Transl Res 2013; 162:93-101. [PMID: 23680489 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2013.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The benefit of glucosamine (GlcN) in bone and joint disorders remains controversial. N-acetylation and other N-acylations of GlcN alter its biological properties fundamentally. We have shown previously that N-butyryl glucosamine (GlcNBu) preserved strikingly the subchondral bone structure in a destructive arthritis rat model. Here, we examine whether GlcNBu preserves bone in the ovariectomized (OVX) rat, a model for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Rats were randomized into 4 groups: group 1, sham OVX glucose (Glc) fed; group 2, sham OVX GlcNBu fed; group 3, OVX Glc fed; and group 4, OVX GlcNBu fed. A single, oral, 200-mg/kg dose of GlcNBu or Glc was administered daily for 6 months. Bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density, and biomechanical properties of the femurs and spines were determined by standardized techniques. Two-way analysis of variance with a Bonferroni post hoc test was used for statistical analysis. Ovariectomy in group 3 resulted either in significant or highly significant effects in a number of the tests. For spinal BMCs the interaction between GlcNBu and OVX was significant. For the femurs, this interaction was also seen in energy to failure, and ultimate displacement and ultimate strain tests. In general, ovariectomy was necessary to show significant preventive effects of GlcNBu on mineral content and some biomechanical properties. We conclude that GlcNBu feeding in the OVX rat preserves bone mineral and some biomechanical properties. Translationally, GlcNBu can be positioned between nutriceuticals and pharmaceuticals for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Advantages include low production costs and a favorable safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tassos Anastassiades
- Division of Rheumatology and The Arthritis Center, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
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23
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Henrotin Y, Chevalier X, Herrero-Beaumont G, McAlindon T, Mobasheri A, Pavelka K, Schön C, Weinans H, Biesalski H. Physiological effects of oral glucosamine on joint health: current status and consensus on future research priorities. BMC Res Notes 2013; 6:115. [PMID: 23531101 PMCID: PMC3629992 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-6-115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this paper was to provide an overview of the current knowledge and understanding of the potential beneficial physiological effects of glucosamine (GlcN) on joint health. The objective was to reach a consensus on four critical questions and to provide recommendations for future research priorities. To this end, nine scientists from Europe and the United States were selected according to their expertise in this particular field and were invited to participate in the Hohenheim conference held in August 2011. Each expert was asked to address a question that had previously been posed by the chairman of the conference. Based on a systematic review of the literature and the collection of recent data, the experts documented the effects of GlcN on cartilage ageing, metabolic/kinetic and maintenance of joint health as well as reduction of risk of OA development. After extensive debate and discussion the expert panel addressed each question and a general consensus statement was developed, agreeing on the current state-of-the-art and future areas for basic and clinical studies. This paper summarizes the available evidence for beneficial effects of GlcN on joint health and proposes new insight into the design of future clinical trials aimed at identifying beneficial physiological effect of GlcN on joint tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Henrotin
- Bone and Cartilage Research Unit, University of Liège, Institute of Pathology, Level +5, CHU Sart-Tilman, Liège, 4000, Belgium.
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24
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HEMORRHAGIC DIATHESIS IN AVIAN SPECIES FOLLOWING INTRAMUSCULAR ADMINISTRATION OF POLYSULFATED GLYCOSAMINOGLYCAN. J Zoo Wildl Med 2013; 44:93-9. [DOI: 10.1638/1042-7260-44.1.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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25
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Osaki T, Azuma K, Kurozumi S, Takamori Y, Tsuka T, Imagawa T, Okamoto Y, Minami S. Metabolomic analyses of blood plasma after oral administration of D-glucosamine hydrochloride to dogs. Mar Drugs 2012; 10:1873-1882. [PMID: 23015778 PMCID: PMC3447342 DOI: 10.3390/md10081873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Revised: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
D-Glucosamine hydrochloride (GlcN∙HCl) is an endogenous amino monosaccharide synthesized from glucose that is useful in the treatment of joint diseases in both humans and animals. The aim of this study was to examine amino acid metabolism in dogs after oral administration of GlcN∙HCl. Accelerated fumarate respiration and elevated plasma levels of lactic acid and alanine were observed after administration. These results suggest that oral administration of GlcN∙HCl induces anaerobic respiration and starvation in cells, and we hypothesize that these conditions promote cartilage regeneration. Further studies are required to evaluate the expression of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Osaki
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan; (K.A.); (T.T.); (T.I.); (Y.O.); (S.M.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel./Fax: +81-857-31-5434
| | - Kazuo Azuma
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan; (K.A.); (T.T.); (T.I.); (Y.O.); (S.M.)
| | - Seiji Kurozumi
- Koyo Chemical Co. Ltd., 3-11-15 Iidabashi, Chiyodaku, Tokyo 102-0072, Japan; (S.K.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yoshimori Takamori
- Koyo Chemical Co. Ltd., 3-11-15 Iidabashi, Chiyodaku, Tokyo 102-0072, Japan; (S.K.); (Y.T.)
| | - Takeshi Tsuka
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan; (K.A.); (T.T.); (T.I.); (Y.O.); (S.M.)
| | - Tomohiro Imagawa
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan; (K.A.); (T.T.); (T.I.); (Y.O.); (S.M.)
| | - Yoshiharu Okamoto
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan; (K.A.); (T.T.); (T.I.); (Y.O.); (S.M.)
| | - Saburo Minami
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan; (K.A.); (T.T.); (T.I.); (Y.O.); (S.M.)
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Motaghinasab S, Shirazi-Adl A, Urban J, Parnianpour M. Computational pharmacokinetics of solute penetration into human intervertebral discs—Effects of endplate permeability, solute molecular weight and disc size. J Biomech 2012; 45:2195-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2012.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Reginster JY, Neuprez A, Lecart MP, Sarlet N, Bruyere O. Role of glucosamine in the treatment for osteoarthritis. Rheumatol Int 2012; 32:2959-67. [PMID: 22461188 PMCID: PMC3456914 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-012-2416-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 03/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
Over the last 20 years, several studies have investigated the ability of glucosamine sulfate to improve the symptoms (pain and function) and to delay the structural progression of osteoarthritis. There is now a large, convergent body of evidence that glucosamine sulfate, given at a daily oral dose of 1,500 mg, is able to significantly reduce the symptoms of osteoarthritis in the lower limbs. This dose of glucosamine sulfate has also been shown, in two independent studies, to prevent the joint space narrowing observed at the femorotibial compartment in patients with mild-to-moderate knee osteoarthritis. This effect also translated into a 50 % reduction in the incidence of osteoarthritis-related surgery of the lower limbs during a 5-year period following the withdrawal of the treatment. Some discrepancies have been described between the results of studies performed with a patent-protected formulation of glucosamine sulfate distributed as a drug and those having used glucosamine preparations purchased from global suppliers, packaged, and sold over-the-counter as nutritional supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Yves Reginster
- Department of Public Health Sciences, CHU Sart Tilman, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
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28
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Welch CA, Potter GD, Gibbs PG, Eller EM. Plasma Concentration of Glucosamine and Chondroitin Sulfate in Horses after an Oral Dose. J Equine Vet Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2011.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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29
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Characterization of the in vitro binding and inhibition kinetics of primary amine oxidase/vascular adhesion protein-1 by glucosamine. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2011; 1820:482-7. [PMID: 22202180 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2011.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Revised: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary-amine oxidase (PrAO) catalyzes the oxidative deamination of endogenous and exogenous primary amines and also functions, in some tissues, as an inflammation-inducible endothelial factor, known as vascular adhesion protein-1. VAP-1 mediates the slow rolling and adhesion of lymphocytes to endothelial cells in a number of inflammatory conditions, including inflammation of the synovium. METHODS Glucosamine binding to the enzyme was assessed spectrofluorometrically and the kinetics of inhibition of PrAO were determined spectrophotometrically through the use of direct or coupled assays, in the presence of different substrates. RESULTS Glucosamine is not a substrate for PrAO, but acts as a time-dependent inhibitor of PrAO activity, displaying mixed inhibition kinetics. The observed inhibition and binding were augmented in the presence of H(2)O(2). CONCLUSIONS Significant in vitro effects on PrAO require glucosamine in the millimolar concentration range and it is not clear at this stage whether a low but persistent level of PrAO inhibition might contribute to the anti-arthritic response. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This work was aimed at characterizing the interactions of PrAO/VAP-1 with glucosamine, a widely used "over-the-counter" supplement for the treatment of osteoarthritis.
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Song M, Hang TJ, Wang C, Yang L, Wen AD. Precolumn derivatization LC-MS/MS method for the determination and pharmacokinetic study of glucosamine in human plasma and urine. J Pharm Anal 2011; 2:19-28. [PMID: 29403716 PMCID: PMC5760825 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2011.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A selective precolumn derivatization liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method for the determination of glucosamine in human plasma and urine has been developed and validated. Glucosamine was derivatized by o-phthalaldehyde/3-mercaptopropionic acid. Chromatographic separation was performed on a Phenomenex ODS column (150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) using linear gradient elution by a mobile phase consisting of methanol (A), and an aqueous solution containing 0.2% ammonium acetate and 0.1% formic acid (B) at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. Tolterodine tartrate was used as the internal standard (IS). With protein precipitation by acetonitrile and then the simple one-step derivatization, a sensitive bio-assay was achieved with the lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) as low as 12 ng/mL for plasma. The standard addition calibration curves suitable for clinical sample analysis showed good linearity over the range of 0.012-8.27 μg/mL in plasma and 1.80-84.1 μg/mL in urine. The fully validated method has been successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of compound glucosamine sulfate dispersible tablets in health Chinese volunteers receiving single oral doses at 500, 1000 and 1500 mg of glucosamine sulfate, as well as multiple oral doses of 500 mg t.i.d. for 7 consecutive days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Song
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Tai-Jun Hang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Ai-Dong Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an 710032, China
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Silvero G, Ávalos M, Babiano R, Cintas P, Jiménez JL, Palacios JC. A bioinspired look at the glucosinolate metabolic pathway. Structural insights into the reaction of benzyl isothiocyanate and d-glucosamine. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.07.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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32
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Effects of Glucosamine and Chondroitin Sulfate on Cartilage Metabolism in OA: Outlook on Other Nutrient Partners Especially Omega-3 Fatty Acids. Int J Rheumatol 2011; 2011:969012. [PMID: 21826146 PMCID: PMC3150191 DOI: 10.1155/2011/969012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Revised: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease that is characterized by increasing loss of cartilage, remodeling of the periarticular bone, and inflammation of the synovial membrane. Besides the common OA therapy with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), the treatment with chondroprotectives, such as glucosamine sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, hyaluronic acid, collagen hydrolysate, or nutrients, such as antioxidants and omega-3 fatty acids is a promising therapeutic approach. Numerous clinical studies have demonstrated that the targeted administration of selected micronutrients leads to a more effective reduction of OA symptoms, with less adverse events. Their chondroprotective action can be explained by a dual mechanism: (1) as basic components of cartilage and synovial fluid, they stimulate the anabolic process of the cartilage metabolism; (2) their anti-inflammatory action can delay many inflammation-induced catabolic processes in the cartilage. These two mechanisms are able to slow the progression of cartilage destruction and may help to regenerate the joint structure, leading to reduced pain and increased mobility of the affected joint.
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Effects of oral glucosamine hydrochloride administration on plasma free amino acid concentrations in dogs. Mar Drugs 2011; 9:712-718. [PMID: 21673884 PMCID: PMC3111177 DOI: 10.3390/md9050712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Revised: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the effects of oral glucosamine hydrochloride (GlcN), N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (GlcNAc) and d-glucose (Glc) administration on plasma total free amino acid (PFAA) concentrations in dogs. The PFAA concentrations increased in the control group and the GlcNAc group at one hour after feeding, and each amino acid concentration increased. On the other hand, in the GlcN group and the Glc group PFAA concentrations decreased at one hour after feeding. A significant decrease in amino acid concentration was observed for glutamate, glycine and alanine. Our results suggest the existence of differences in PFAA dynamics after oral administration of GlcN and GlcNAc in dogs.
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Identification and quantification of glucosamine in rabbit cartilage and correlation with plasma levels by high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 695:77-83. [PMID: 21601033 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Revised: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/02/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A new HPLC-ESI-MS/MS method for the determination of glucosamine (2-amino-2-deoxy-d-glucose) in rabbit cartilage was developed and optimized. Glucosamine was extracted from cartilage by cryogenic grinding followed by protein precipitation with trichloroacetic acid. The HPLC separation was achieved with a polymer-based amino column using a mobile phase composed of 10mM ammonium acetate (pH 7.5)-acetonitrile (20:80%, v/v) at 0.3 mL min flow rate. d-[1-(13)C]Glucosamine was used as internal standard. Selective detection was performed by tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray source, operating in positive ionization mode and in multiple reaction monitoring acquisition (m/z 180→72 and 181→73 for glucosamine and internal standard, respectively). Limit of quantification was 0.045 ng injected, corresponding to 0.25 μg g⁻¹ in cartilage. Linearity was obtained up to 20 μg g⁻¹ (R(2)>0.991). Precision values (%R.S.D.) were <10%. Accuracy (% bias) ranged from -6.0% to 12%. Mean recoveries obtained at 3 concentration levels were higher than 81% (%R.S.D.≤8%). The method was applied to measure glucosamine levels in rabbit cartilage and plasma after single oral administration of glucosamine sulfate at a dose of 98 mg kg⁻¹(n=6). Glucosamine was present in cartilage in physiological condition before the treatment. After dosing, mean concentration of cartilage glucosamine significantly increased from 461 to 1040 ng g⁻¹. Cartilage glucosamine levels resulted to be well correlated with plasma concentrations, which therefore are useful to predict the target cartilage concentration and its pharmacological activity.
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Simon RR, Marks V, Leeds AR, Anderson JW. A comprehensive review of oral glucosamine use and effects on glucose metabolism in normal and diabetic individuals. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2011; 27:14-27. [PMID: 21218504 PMCID: PMC3042150 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.1150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Revised: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Glucosamine (GlcN) is a widely utilized dietary supplement that is used to promote joint health. Reports that oral GlcN supplementation at usual doses adversely affects glucose metabolism in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance have raised concerns that GlcN should be contraindicated in individuals with diabetes and those at risk for developing it. This review addresses its potential, when used at typical doses, to affect glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity in healthy individuals and those with diabetes or 'pre-diabetes'. Publicly available scientific information and data on GlcN were systematically compiled using the electronic search tool, Dialog , and reviewed with special emphasis on human studies. In long-term clinical trials, including those containing subjects with type 2 diabetes or 'pre-diabetes', GlcN produced a non-significant lowering of fasting blood glucose concentrations in all groups of subjects treated for periods of up to 3 years. Owing to limitations in study design, conclusions based on studies that report adverse affects of GlcN on insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in pre-diabetic subjects are suspect. However, no definitive long-term studies of GlcN use for individuals with pre-diabetes are available. Nevertheless, based on available evidence, we conclude that GlcN has no effect on fasting blood glucose levels, glucose metabolism, or insulin sensitivity at any oral dose level in healthy subjects, individuals with diabetes, or those with impaired glucose tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Simon
- Cantox Health Sciences International, Mississauga, ON, Canada
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Roman-Blas JA, Castañeda S, Largo R, Herrero-Beaumont G. Glucosamine sulfate for knee osteoarthritis: science and evidence-based use. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.2217/thy.10.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Chen JK, Shen CR, Liu CL. N-acetylglucosamine: production and applications. Mar Drugs 2010; 8:2493-516. [PMID: 20948902 PMCID: PMC2953398 DOI: 10.3390/md8092493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2010] [Revised: 04/19/2010] [Accepted: 04/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) is a monosaccharide that usually polymerizes linearly through (1,4)-β-linkages. GlcNAc is the monomeric unit of the polymer chitin, the second most abundant carbohydrate after cellulose. In addition to serving as a component of this homogeneous polysaccharide, GlcNAc is also a basic component of hyaluronic acid and keratin sulfate on the cell surface. In this review, we discuss the industrial production of GlcNAc, using chitin as a substrate, by chemical, enzymatic and biotransformation methods. Also, newly developed methods to obtain GlcNAc using glucose as a substrate in genetically modified microorganisms are introduced. Moreover, GlcNAc has generated interest not only as an underutilized resource but also as a new functional material with high potential in various fields. Here we also take a closer look at the current applications of GlcNAc, and several new and cutting edge approaches in this fascinating area are thoroughly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeen-Kuan Chen
- Department of Environment and Biotechnology, Refining & Manufacturing Research Institute, CPC Corporation, 217 Min-Sheng S. Rd, Chiayi, Taiwan; E-Mail: (J.-K.C.)
| | - Chia-Rui Shen
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; E-Mail: (C.-R.S.)
| | - Chao-Lin Liu
- Graduate School of Biochemical Engineering and Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, Taishan, Taipei, 84 Gung-Juan Road, Taishan, Taipei, Taiwan
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Hubert C, Houari S, Lecomte F, Houbart V, De Bleye C, Fillet M, Piel G, Rozet E, Hubert P. Development and validation of a sensitive solid phase extraction/hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry method for the accurate determination of glucosamine in dog plasma. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:3275-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2009] [Revised: 12/02/2009] [Accepted: 01/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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McCulloch DR, Wylie JD, Longpre JM, Leduc R, Apte SS. 10mM glucosamine prevents activation of proADAMTS5 (aggrecanase-2) in transfected cells by interference with post-translational modification of furin. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2010; 18:455-63. [PMID: 19909832 PMCID: PMC2826559 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2009.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2008] [Revised: 10/19/2009] [Accepted: 10/26/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glucosamine has been previously shown to suppress cartilage aggrecan catabolism in explant cultures. We determined the effect of glucosamine on ADAMTS5 (a disintegrin-like and metalloprotease domain (reprolysin type) with thrombospondin type-1 motifs 5), a major aggrecanase in osteoarthritis, and investigated a potential mechanism underlying the observed effects. DESIGN HEK293F and CHO-K1 cells transiently transfected with ADAMTS5 cDNA were treated with glucosamine or the related hexosamine mannosamine. Glucosamine effects on FURIN transcription were determined by quantitative RT-PCR. Effects on furin-mediated processing of ADAMTS5 zymogen, and aggrecan processing by glucosamine-treated cells, were determined by western blotting. Post-translational modification of furin and N-glycan deficient furin mutants generated by site-directed mutagenesis was analyzed by western blotting, and the mutants were evaluated for their ADAMTS5 processing ability in furin-deficient CHO-RPE.40 cells. RESULTS Ten mM glucosamine and 5-10mM mannosamine reduced excision of the ADAMTS5 propeptide, indicating interference with the propeptide excision mechanism, although mannosamine compromised cell viability at these doses. Although glucosamine had no effect on furin mRNA levels, western blot of furin from glucosamine-treated cells suggested altered post-translational modification. Glucosamine treatment led to decreased glycosylation of cellular furin, with reduced furin autoactivation as the consequence. Recombinant furin treated with peptide N-glycanase F had reduced activity against a synthetic peptide substrate. Indeed, site-directed mutagenesis of two furin N-glycosylation sites, Asn(387) and Asn(440), abrogated furin activation and this mutant was unable to rescue ADAMTS5 processing in furin-deficient cells. CONCLUSIONS Ten mM glucosamine reduces excision of the ADAMTS5 propeptide via interference with post-translational modification of furin and leads to reduced aggrecanase activity of ADAMTS5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. McCulloch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio USA, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3217 Australia
| | - James D. Wylie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio USA
| | - Jean-Michel Longpre
- Department of Pharmacology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Richard Leduc
- Department of Pharmacology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Suneel S. Apte
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio USA,Corresponding Author:Suneel S. Apte, Department of Biomedical Engineering, ND20-Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA, Tel: 216 445 3278; Fax: 216 444 9198;
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Jackson CG, Plaas AH, Sandy JD, Hua C, Kim-Rolands S, Barnhill JG, Harris CL, Clegg DO. The human pharmacokinetics of oral ingestion of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate taken separately or in combination. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2010; 18:297-302. [PMID: 19912983 PMCID: PMC2826597 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2009.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2009] [Revised: 10/09/2009] [Accepted: 10/23/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH)-sponsored Glucosamine/Chondroitin sulfate Arthritis Intervention Trial (GAIT) our objective here was to examine (1) the pharmacokinetics (PK) of glucosamine (GlcN) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) when taken separately or in combination as a single dose in normal individuals (n=29) and (2) the PK of GlcN and CS when taken as a single dose after 3 months daily dosing with GlcN, CS or GlcN+CS, in patients with symptomatic knee pain (n=28). METHODS The concentration of GlcN in the circulation was determined by established fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis (FACE) methods. The hydrodynamic size and disaccharide composition of CS chains in the circulation and dosage samples was determined by Superose 6 chromatography and FACE. RESULTS We show that circulating levels of CS in human plasma are about 20 microg/ml. Most significantly, the endogenous concentration and CS disaccharide composition were not detectably altered by ingestion of CS, when the CS was taken alone or in combination with GlcN. On the other hand, the Cmax (single-dose study) and AUC values (multiple-dose study) for ingested GlcN were significantly reduced by combination dosing with CS, relative to GlcN dosing alone. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that pain relief perceived following ingestion of CS probably does not depend on simultaneous or prior intake of GlcN. Further, such effects on joint pain, if present, probably do not result from ingested CS reaching the joint space but may result from changes in cellular activities in the gut lining or in the liver, where concentrations of ingested CS, or its breakdown products, could be substantially elevated following oral ingestion. Moreover, since combined dosing of GlcN with CS was found to reduce the plasma levels seen with GlcN dosing alone, any improved pain relief by combination dosing cannot be explained by higher circulating concentrations of GlcN.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Jackson
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Chen TL, Sheu MT, Liang YC, Lin YJ, Hsieh MS, Chen CH. Disease-modifying Effects of Glucosamine on Interleukin-1β-treated Chondrosarcoma Cells (SW1353) Under Normoxic and Hypoxic Conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1878-3317(10)60004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Sakai S, Sugawara T, Kishi T, Yanagimoto K, Hirata T. Effect of glucosamine and related compounds on the degranulation of mast cells and ear swelling induced by dinitrofluorobenzene in mice. Life Sci 2010; 86:337-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2010.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2009] [Revised: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 01/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Oke S, Aghazadeh-Habashi A, Weese JS, Jamali F. Evaluation of glucosamine levels in commercial equine oral supplements for joints. Equine Vet J 2010; 38:93-5. [PMID: 16411594 DOI: 10.2746/042516406775374306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Oke
- Rolling Thunder Veterinary Services, 25 Riverview Drive, Guelph, Ontario N1E 3R6, Canada
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Block JA, Oegema TR, Sandy JD, Plaas A. The effects of oral glucosamine on joint health: is a change in research approach needed? Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2010; 18:5-11. [PMID: 19733270 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2009.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2009] [Revised: 07/12/2009] [Accepted: 07/23/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oral glucosamine (GlcN) has been widely studied for its potential therapeutic benefits in alleviating the pain and disability of osteoarthritis (OA). Its popularity has grown despite ongoing controversy regarding its effectiveness vs placebo in clinical trials, and lack of information regarding possible mechanisms of action. Here, we review the state of knowledge concerning the biology of GlcN as it relates to OA, and discuss a framework for future research directions. METHODS An editorial "narrative" review of peer-reviewed publications is organized into four topics (1) Chemistry and pharmacokinetics of GlcN salts (2) Biological effects of GlcN salts in vitro (3) Therapeutic effects of GlcN salts in animal models of OA and (4) GlcN salts in the treatment of clinical OA. RESULTS Data reporting potent pleiotropic activities of GlcN in in vitro cell and explant cultures are discussed in the context of the established pharmacokinetic data in humans and animals. The available clinical trial data are discussed to place the patient in the context of controlled research on disease management. CONCLUSIONS Future research to determine therapeutic mechanisms of GlcN salt preparations will require use of standardized and clinically relevant in vitro assay systems and in vivo animal models for testing, as well as development of new outcome measures for inflammation and pain pathways in human OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Block
- Department of Internal Medicine (Rheumatology), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago IL 60612, USA.
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Panicker S, Borgia J, Fhied C, Mikecz K, Oegema TR. Oral glucosamine modulates the response of the liver and lymphocytes of the mesenteric lymph nodes in a papain-induced model of joint damage and repair. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2009; 17:1014-21. [PMID: 19364543 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2009.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2008] [Revised: 12/11/2008] [Accepted: 01/05/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess whether glucosamine (GlcN), an oral supplement commonly taken to relieve the symptoms of osteoarthritis, modulates the immune and inflammatory responses to joint injury in organs proximal to GlcN absorption; namely, the liver and the gut-draining lymph nodes. METHOD Using a papain-injected knee mouse model, standard histological methods were used to validate our model and document the impact of GlcN (100mg/kg/day) on groups of C57BL/6 mice (n=5). Circulating inflammatory cytokines were assessed by Luminex-based immunoassays and the relevance of this cytokine profile on proteoglycan biosynthesis evaluated using a patellar-cartilage assay. Real-time PCR was used to document the role of the liver in cytokine production. Finally, we appraised the activation of mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) lymphocytes by flow cytometry. RESULTS Papain significantly degraded the proteoglycans in the injected knees by 2 days. Cartilage proteoglycan content was significantly higher in GlcN-treated, papain-injected knees at Day 14. The peak concentration of serum pro-inflammatory cytokines occurred earlier and decreased sooner in the injected, GlcN-supplemented mice; this trend was in agreement with the expression of these factors by the liver. GlcN did not alter the percentage of MLN populations but accelerated their activation. CONCLUSIONS Oral GlcN alters the physiology of the liver and MLNs, which in turn, could indirectly alter the biology of the injured joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Panicker
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, 1653 West Congress Parkway, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
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Pastorini E, Rotini R, Guardigli M, Vecchiotti S, Persiani S, Trisolino G, Antonioli D, Rovati LC, Roda A. Development and validation of a HPLC-ES-MS/MS method for the determination of glucosamine in human synovial fluid. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2009; 50:1009-14. [PMID: 19647388 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2009.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2009] [Revised: 07/02/2009] [Accepted: 07/03/2009] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A new HPLC method for the determination of glucosamine (2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose) in human synovial fluid was developed and validated. Synovial fluid samples were analyzed after a simple protein precipitation step with trichloroacetic acid using a polymer-based amino column with a mobile phase composed of 10 mM ammonium acetate (pH 7.5)-acetonitrile (20:80, v/v) at 0.3 mL/min flow rate. D-[1-13C]glucosamine was used as internal standard. Selective detection was performed by tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray source, operating in positive ionization mode and in multiple reaction monitoring acquisition (m/z 180-->72 and 181-->73 for glucosamine and internal standard, respectively). The limit of quantification (injected volume=3 microL) was 0.02 ng, corresponding to 10 ng/mL in synovial fluid. Calibration curves obtained using matrix-matched calibration standards and internal standard at 600 ng/mL were linear up to 2000 ng/mL. Precision values (%R.S.D.) were < or = 14% in the entire analytical range. Accuracy (%bias) ranged from -11% to 10%. The recoveries measured at three concentration levels (50, 800, and 1500 ng/mL) were higher than 89%. The method was successfully applied to measure endogenous glucosamine levels in synovial fluid samples collected from patients with knee osteoarthritis and glucosamine levels after oral administration of glucosamine sulfate (DONA) at the dose of 1500 mg/day for 14 consecutive days (steady-state).
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Affiliation(s)
- E Pastorini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Pearson W, Orth MW, Lindinger MI. Evaluation of inflammatory responses induced via intra-articular injection of interleukin-1 in horses receiving a dietary nutraceutical and assessment of the clinical effects of long-term nutraceutical administration. Am J Vet Res 2009; 70:848-61. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.70.7.848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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de Grauw JC, van de Lest CHA, van Weeren PR. Inflammatory mediators and cartilage biomarkers in synovial fluid after a single inflammatory insult: a longitudinal experimental study. Arthritis Res Ther 2009; 11:R35. [PMID: 19272138 PMCID: PMC2688180 DOI: 10.1186/ar2640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2008] [Revised: 02/16/2009] [Accepted: 03/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inflammation is an important feature of many joint diseases, and levels of cartilage biomarkers measured in synovial fluid may be influenced by local inflammatory status. Little is known about the magnitude and time course of inflammation-induced changes in cartilage tissue turnover as measured in vivo by synovial fluid markers. We aimed to study temporal changes in concentrations of inflammatory mediators, matrix metalloproteinase activity and cartilage biomarkers over 1 week in joints with experimentally induced inflammation. METHODS Localized inflammation was induced in the intercarpal joint of six horses by sterile injection of 0.5 ng lipopolysaccharide, and synovial fluid was collected at post-injection hours (PIH) 0, 8, 24 and 168. Concentrations of inflammatory mediators (prostaglandin E2, substance P, and bradykinin), general matrix metalloproteinase activity and markers of collagen II turnover (CPII and C2C) as well as aggrecan turnover (CS846 and glycosaminoglycans) were measured with appropriate assays. One-way analysis of variance on repeated measures was used to analyze differences in synovial fluid marker levels over time. RESULTS Lipopolysaccharide-injection led to a sharp rise in prostaglandin E2 at PIH 8, while substance P, bradykinin and matrix metalloproteinase activity showed more sustained increases at PIH 8 and 24. Glycosaminoglycan release paralleled changes in the CS846 epitope, with an increase by PIH 8, a peak at PIH 24, and return to baseline by PIH 168. For type II collagen, a parallel time course between catabolic (C2C) and anabolic (CPII) markers was also observed, but the time course differed from that seen for proteoglycan markers: collagen II markers peaked later, at PIH 24, and were still elevated over baseline at PIH 168. CONCLUSIONS A primary intra-articular inflammatory insult, characterized by local release of peptide and lipid mediators and matrix metalloproteinase activation, can alter synovial fluid levels of proteoglycan biomarkers as early as 8 hours post-induction, and can lead to sustained rises in collagen II biomarkers during at least 1 week after onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janny C de Grauw
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Meulyzer M, Vachon P, Beaudry F, Vinardell T, Richard H, Beauchamp G, Laverty S. Joint inflammation increases glucosamine levels attained in synovial fluid following oral administration of glucosamine hydrochloride. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2009; 17:228-34. [PMID: 18692410 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2008.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2008] [Accepted: 06/25/2008] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare synovial glucosamine levels in normal and inflamed equine joints following oral glucosamine administration and to determine whether single dose administration alters standard synovial parameters of inflammation. METHODS Eight adult horses were studied. On weeks 1 and 2, all horses received 20mg/kg glucosamine hydrochloride by nasogastric (NG) intubation or intravenous injection. On weeks 3 and 4, 12h after injection of both radiocarpal joints with 0.25 ng Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce inflammation, glucosamine hydrochloride or a placebo was administered by NG intubation. Plasma samples were collected at baseline and 5, 15, 30, 60, 120, 360, 480 and 720 min after dosing. Synovial fluid (SF) samples were collected within 48 h before dosing and 1, 6 and 12h post-dosing. Glucosamine was analyzed by Liquid Chromatography Electrospray Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-ESI/MS/MS). Clinicopathological evaluation of SF parameters included white blood cell (WBC) count and total protein (TP) analyses. RESULTS No significant differences between groups were observed in SF baseline levels of WBC and TP at any stage of the study. SF WBC and TP significantly increased following IA LPS. The mean (+/-SD) maximal SF glucosamine levels (422.3+/-244.8 ng/mL) were significantly higher (>fourfold) in inflamed joints when compared to healthy joints (92.7+/-34.9 ng/mL). Glucosamine did not have any effect on standard SF parameters of inflammation. CONCLUSION Synovial inflammation leads to significantly higher synovial glucosamine concentrations compared to levels attained in healthy joints following oral administration of glucosamine hydrochloride. Whether these higher levels are translated into a therapeutic effect on the joint tissues remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Meulyzer
- Département des Sciences Cliniques, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St. Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
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