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Bardin T, Nguyen QD, Hieu NL, Tran KM, Dalbeth N, Do MD, Ea HK, Richette P, Resche-Rigon M, Bousson V. The shrinking toe sign in gout. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2022; 53:151981. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2022.151981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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2
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Accart N, Dawson J, Obrecht M, Lambert C, Flueckiger M, Kreider J, Hatakeyama S, Richards PJ, Beckmann N. Degenerative joint disease induced by repeated intra-articular injections of monosodium urate crystals in rats as investigated by translational imaging. Sci Rep 2022; 12:157. [PMID: 34997110 PMCID: PMC8742129 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04125-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this work was to assess the consequences of repeated intra-articular injection of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals with inflammasome priming by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in order to simulate recurrent bouts of gout in rats. Translational imaging was applied to simultaneously detect and quantify injury in different areas of the knee joint. MSU/LPS induced joint swelling, synovial membrane thickening, fibrosis of the infrapatellar fat pad, tidemark breaching, and cartilage invasion by inflammatory cells. A higher sensitivity to mechanical stimulus was detected in paws of limbs receiving MSU/LPS compared to saline-injected limbs. In MSU/LPS-challenged joints, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed increased synovial fluid volume in the posterior region of the joint, alterations in the infrapatellar fat pad reflecting a progressive decrease of fat volume and fibrosis formation, and a significant increase in the relaxation time T2 in femoral cartilage, consistent with a reduction of proteoglycan content. MRI also showed cyst formation in the tibia, femur remodeling, and T2 reductions in extensor muscles consistent with fibrosis development. Repeated intra-articular MSU/LPS injections in the rat knee joint induced pathology in multiple tissues and may be a useful means to investigate the relationship between urate crystal deposition and the development of degenerative joint disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Accart
- Musculoskeletal Diseases Department, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Fabrikstr. 28.3.04, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Janet Dawson
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation & Inflammation Department, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Lichtstr. 35, WSJ-386.6.08.18, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Obrecht
- Musculoskeletal Diseases Department, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Fabrikstr. 28.3.04, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Lambert
- Musculoskeletal Diseases Department, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Fabrikstr. 28.3.04, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Manuela Flueckiger
- Musculoskeletal Diseases Department, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Fabrikstr. 28.3.04, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julie Kreider
- Musculoskeletal Diseases Department, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Fabrikstr. 28.3.04, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Shinji Hatakeyama
- Musculoskeletal Diseases Department, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Fabrikstr. 28.3.04, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter J Richards
- Musculoskeletal Diseases Department, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Fabrikstr. 28.3.04, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicolau Beckmann
- Musculoskeletal Diseases Department, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Fabrikstr. 28.3.04, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland.
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Dalbeth N, Doyle AJ, Billington K, Gamble GD, Tan P, Latto K, Parshu Ram T, Narang R, Murdoch R, Bursill D, Mihov B, Stamp LK, Horne A. Intensive serum urate lowering with oral urate-lowering therapy for erosive gout: A randomized double-blind controlled trial. Arthritis Rheumatol 2021; 74:1059-1069. [PMID: 34927391 DOI: 10.1002/art.42055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether intensive serum urate lowering results in improved bone erosion scores in erosive gout. METHODS Two-year, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial of 104 participants with erosive gout on oral urate-lowering therapy (ULT) and serum urate ≥ 0.30mmol/L was undertaken. Participants were randomly assigned to serum urate target <0.20mmol/L (intensive target) or <0.30mmol/L (standard target, according to rheumatology guidelines). Oral ULT was titrated to target using a standardized protocol (using maximum approved doses of allopurinol, probenecid, febuxostat, and benzbromarone). The primary endpoint was total CT erosion score. OMERACT gout core outcome domains were secondary endpoints. RESULTS Although the serum urate was significantly lower in the intensive target group compared to the standard target group (P=0.002), fewer participants in the intensive group achieved the randomized serum urate target (at Year 2, 62% vs 83%, P<0.05). The intensive target group required higher allopurinol doses (mean (SD) 746 (210) mg/day vs 496 (185) mg/day, P<0.001), and used more combination therapy (P=0.0004). Small increases in CT erosion scores were observed in both groups over two years, with no between-group difference (P=0.20). OMERACT core outcome domains (gout flares, tophus, pain, patient global assessment, health-related quality of life, and activity limitation) improved in both groups, with no between-group differences. Adverse event and serious adverse event rates were similar between groups. CONCLUSION Compared with a serum urate target below 0.30mmol/L, more intensive serum urate-lowering is difficult to achieve with oral ULT, leads to high medication burden, and does not improve bone erosion scores in erosive gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Dalbeth
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anthony J Doyle
- Department of Radiology, Auckland District Health Board.,Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Greg D Gamble
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Paul Tan
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kieran Latto
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Thrishila Parshu Ram
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ravi Narang
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rachel Murdoch
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - David Bursill
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Borislav Mihov
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lisa K Stamp
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Anne Horne
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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4
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Son CN, Cai K, Stewart S, Ferrier J, Billington K, Tsai YJJ, Bardin T, Horne A, Stamp LK, Doyle A, Dalbeth N. Development of a radiographic scoring system for new bone formation in gout. Arthritis Res Ther 2021; 23:296. [PMID: 34876237 PMCID: PMC8653557 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-021-02683-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Features of new bone formation (NBF) are common in tophaceous gout. The aim of this project was to develop a plain radiographic scoring system for NBF in gout. Methods Informed by a literature review, scoring systems were tested in 80 individual 1st and 5th metatarsophalangeal joints. Plain radiography scores were compared with computed tomography (CT) measurements of the same joints. The best-performing scoring system was then tested in paired sets of hand and foot radiographs obtained over 2 years from an additional 25 patients. Inter-reader reproducibility was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). NBF scores were correlated with plain radiographic erosion scores (using the gout-modified Sharp-van der Heijde system). Results Following a series of structured reviews of plain radiographs and scoring exercises, a semi-quantitative scoring system for sclerosis and spur was developed. In the individual joint analysis, the inter-observer ICC (95% CI) was 0.84 (0.76–0.89) for sclerosis and 0.81 (0.72–0.87) for spur. Plain radiographic sclerosis and spur scores correlated with CT measurements (r = 0.65–0.74, P < 0.001 for all analyses). For the hand and foot radiograph sets, the inter-observer ICC (95% CI) was 0.94 (0.90–0.98) for sclerosis score and 0.76 (0.65–0.84) for spur score. Sclerosis and spur scores correlated highly with plain radiographic erosion scores (r = 0.87 and 0.71 respectively), but not with change in erosion scores over 2 years (r = −0.04–0.15). Conclusion A semi-quantitative plain radiographic scoring method for the assessment of NBF in gout is feasible, valid, and reproducible. This method may facilitate consistent measurement of NBF in gout. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13075-021-02683-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Nam Son
- Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea. .,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Ken Cai
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sarah Stewart
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - John Ferrier
- Department of Radiology, Auckland District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Karen Billington
- Department of Radiology, Auckland District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yun-Jung Jack Tsai
- Department of Radiology, Auckland District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Thomas Bardin
- Department of Rheumatology, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - Anne Horne
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lisa K Stamp
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Anthony Doyle
- Department of Radiology with Anatomy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nicola Dalbeth
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Abstract
This review highlights outcomes for patients with calcium pyrophosphate deposition (CPPD) reported in prior studies and underscores challenges to assessing outcomes of this condition. Prior clinical studies of interventions for CPPD focused on joint damage and calcification on imaging tests, joint pain, swelling, and inflammatory biomarkers. Qualitative interviews with patients with CPPD and healthcare providers additionally identified flares, overall function, and use of analgesic medications as important outcomes. Imaging evidence of joint damage and calcification is likely to be outcomes in future clinical studies of CPPD, though reliability and sensitivity to change in CPPD require further testing for several imaging modalities. Challenges to outcome measurement in CPPD include questions of attribution of signs and symptoms to CPPD versus co-existing forms of arthritis, lack of therapies to prevent or dissolve calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposition, absence of validated patient- or physician-reported CPPD outcome measures, and scarcity of large cohorts in which to study outcomes of different clinical presentations of CPPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Cai
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Rheumatology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Australia
| | - Sara K Tedeschi
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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Pecherstorfer C, Simon D, Unbehend S, Ellmann H, Englbrecht M, Hartmann F, Figueiredo C, Hueber A, Haschka J, Kocijan R, Kleyer A, Schett G, Rech J, Bayat S. A Detailed Analysis of the Association between Urate Deposition and Erosions and Osteophytes in Gout. ACR Open Rheumatol 2020; 2:565-572. [PMID: 32955167 PMCID: PMC7571395 DOI: 10.1002/acr2.11172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize in detail the structural bone changes associated with the deposition of monosodium urate crystals in the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP1) joint in patients with tophaceous gout. METHODS Twenty patients with tophaceous gout and involvement of the MTP1 joint received both dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) of the feet for the detection of tophi and high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) of the feet for the detection of bone erosions and osteophytes. Demographic and clinical data were collected. Tophi in DECT and erosions and osteophytes in HR-pQCT were overlayed to define their anatomical relation. In addition, the feet of 20 sex- and age-matched healthy controls were scanned to define the normal architecture of the MTP1 joint. RESULTS Patients with gout had an increased number and extent of bone erosions and osteophytes compared with their healthy counterparts (erosions: 5 [0-17] vs 1 [1-2], 45.32 mm3 [7.26-550.32] vs 0.82 mm3 [0.15-21.8]; osteophytes: 10.5 [0-26] vs 1 [0-10], 4.93 mm [0.77-7.19 mm] vs 0.93 mm [0.05-7.61 mm]; all P < 0.001). The median tophi volume detected by DECT (0.12 mm3 [0.01-2.53]) was highly associated with the total volume of erosions (r = 0.597, P = 0.005). CONCLUSION Gout patients show increased changes in their bone microarchitecture. The extent of uric acid deposition is positively correlated with the extent of bone loss at the MTP1 joint, highlighting the strong cohesion of inflammation and erosive changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Pecherstorfer
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - David Simon
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sara Unbehend
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hanna Ellmann
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Englbrecht
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fabian Hartmann
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Camille Figueiredo
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, and Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Axel Hueber
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Judith Haschka
- St. Vincent Hospital, Vienna, Austria and Academic Teaching Hospital of Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, and Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Roland Kocijan
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria, and Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arnd Kleyer
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georg Schett
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Rech
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sara Bayat
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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7
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Staats K, Sunk IG, Weidekamm C, Kerschbaumer A, Bécède M, Supp G, Stamm T, Windhager R, Smolen JS, Bobacz K. Hand X-ray examination in two planes is not required for radiographic assessment of hand osteoarthritis. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2020; 12:1759720X20934934. [PMID: 32655702 PMCID: PMC7333491 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x20934934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Radiographic imaging is essential in the diagnosis of hand osteoarthritis (HOA); however, it is unknown whether a multiplanar examination would add essential information to dorso-palmar (dp) views alone. This study evaluated whether an additional radiographic view would aid clinicians in the diagnostic process of HOA. METHODS The dp radiographs of both hands from 159 HOA patients were assessed according to the scores described by Kellgren and Lawrence (K/L). In oblique view images, structures similar to classic ostophytes (OPs) were found, namely bony proliferations on the dorsal and/or ventral margins of joints, and were documented as dorsal/ventral OPs (dvOPs). Function and pain were assessed by applying standardised read-out systems. Logistic regression analysis and Mann-Whitney tests were implemented. RESULTS The presence of dvOPs was associated with the degree of joint damage; however, dp views were sufficient to estimate radiographic changes. Only a few joints showed dvOPs as the only structural alteration; nevertheless, in almost all cases, classical radiographic OA changes were found in dp views of other joints of the same or the contralateral hand. The presence of dvOPs did not affect joint function or pain according to established scores, but was associated with radiographic progression in distal interphalangeal joints. CONCLUSION This is the first study to confirm that additional radiographic planes, oblique/lateral views, are not necessary in the diagnostic process in HOA in daily clinical practice. Nevertheless, the presence of dvOPs reflect more severe joint damage and is associated with radiographic progression in HOA; hence, oblique/lateral views could be a useful tool for academic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Staats
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ilse-Gerlinde Sunk
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia Weidekamm
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Kerschbaumer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuel Bécède
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriela Supp
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tanja Stamm
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Reinhard Windhager
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Josef S. Smolen
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Bobacz
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18–20, Vienna, 1090, Austria
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Stewart S, Aati O, Horne A, Doyle AJ, Dalbeth N. Radiographic damage scores predict grip strength in patients with tophaceous gout. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2020; 59:1440-1442. [PMID: 31794003 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kez588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anne Horne
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland
| | - Anthony J Doyle
- Department of Radiology, Auckland District Health Board.,Department of Anatomy with Radiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Pascart T, Lioté F. Gout: state of the art after a decade of developments. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2019; 58:27-44. [PMID: 29547895 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/key002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This review article summarizes the relevant English literature on gout from 2010 through April 2017. It emphasizes that the current epidemiology of gout indicates a rising prevalence worldwide, not only in Western countries but also in Southeast Asia, in close relationship with the obesity and metabolic syndrome epidemics. New pathogenic mechanisms of chronic hyperuricaemia focus on the gut (microbiota, ABCG2 expression) after the kidney. Cardiovascular and renal comorbidities are the key points to consider in terms of management. New imaging tools are available, including US with key features and dual-energy CT rendering it able to reveal deposits of urate crystals. These deposits are now included in new diagnostic and classification criteria. Overall, half of the patients with gout are readily treated with allopurinol, the recommended xanthine oxidase inhibitor (XOI), with prophylaxis for flares with low-dose daily colchicine. The main management issues are related to patient adherence, because gout patients have the lowest rate of medication possession ratio at 1 year, but they also include clinical inertia by physicians, meaning XOI dosage is not titrated according to regular serum uric acid level measurements for targeting serum uric acid levels for uncomplicated (6.0 mg/dl) and complicated gout, or the British Society for Rheumatology recommended target (5.0 mg/dl). Difficult-to-treat gout encompasses polyarticular flares, and mostly patients with comorbidities, renal or heart failure, leading to contraindications or side effects of standard-of-care drugs (colchicine, NSAIDs, oral steroids) for flares; and tophaceous and/or destructive arthropathies, leading to switching between XOIs (febuxostat) or to combining XOI and uricosurics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Pascart
- EA 4490, Lille University, Lille, France.,Service de Rhumatologie, Hôpital Saint-Philibert, Lomme, France
| | - Frédéric Lioté
- UFR de Médecine, University of Paris Diderot, USPC, France.,INSERM, UMR 1132 Bioscar (Centre Viggo Petersen), France.,Service de Rhumatologie (Centre Viggo Petersen), Pôle Appareil Locomoteur, Hôpital Lariboisière (AP-HP), Paris, France
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10
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Heterotopic ossification: radiological and pathological review. Radiol Oncol 2019; 53:275-284. [PMID: 31553710 PMCID: PMC6765162 DOI: 10.2478/raon-2019-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Heterotopic Ossification (HO) is a common condition referring to ectopic bone formation in soft tissues. It has two major etiologies, acquired (more common) and genetic. The acquired form is closely related to tissue trauma. The exact pathogenesis of this disease remains unclear; however, there is ongoing research in prophylactic and therapeutic treatments that is promising. Conclusions Due to HO potential to cause disability, it is so important to differentiate it from other causes in order to establish the best possible management.
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11
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Optimization of ultrasonographic examination for the diagnosis of erosive Rheumatoid Arthritis in comparison to erosive hand Osteoarthritis. Eur J Radiol 2019; 118:10-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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12
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Dalbeth N, Billington K, Doyle A, Frampton C, Tan P, Aati O, Allan J, Drake J, Horne A, Stamp LK. Effects of Allopurinol Dose Escalation on Bone Erosion and Urate Volume in Gout: A Dual-Energy Computed Tomography Imaging Study Within a Randomized, Controlled Trial. Arthritis Rheumatol 2019; 71:1739-1746. [PMID: 31081595 DOI: 10.1002/art.40929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether allopurinol dose escalation to achieve serum urate (SU) target can influence bone erosion or monosodium urate (MSU) crystal deposition, as measured by dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) in patients with gout. METHODS We conducted an imaging study of a 2-year randomized clinical trial that compared immediate allopurinol dose escalation to SU target with conventional dosing for 1 year followed by dose escalation to target, in gout patients who were receiving allopurinol and who had an SU level of ≥0.36 mmoles/liter. DECT scans of feet and radiographs of hands and feet were obtained at baseline, year 1, and year 2 visits. DECT scans were scored for bone erosion and urate volume. RESULTS Paired imaging data were available for 87 patients (42 in the dose-escalation group and 45 in the control group). At year 2, the progression in the CT erosion score was higher in the control group than in the dose-escalation group (+7.8% versus +1.4%; P = 0.015). Changes in plain radiography erosion or narrowing scores did not differ between groups. Reductions in DECT urate volume were observed in both groups. At year 2, patients in the control group who had an SU level of <0.36 mmoles/liter and patients in the dose-escalation group had reduced DECT urate volume (-27.6 to -28.3%), whereas reduction in DECT urate volume was not observed in control group patients with an SU level of ≥0.36 mmoles/liter (+1.5%) (P = 0.023). CONCLUSION These findings provide evidence that long-term urate-lowering therapy using a treat-to-SU-target strategy can influence structural damage and reduce urate crystal deposition in gout.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anthony Doyle
- Auckland District Health Board and University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Paul Tan
- University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Jill Drake
- University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Anne Horne
- University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lisa K Stamp
- University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
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13
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Davies J, Riede P, van Langevelde K, Teh J. Recent developments in advanced imaging in gout. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2019; 11:1759720X19844429. [PMID: 31019573 PMCID: PMC6469273 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x19844429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The plain radiographic features of gout are well known; however, the sensitivity
of plain radiographs alone for the detection of signs of gout is poor in acute
disease. Radiographic abnormalities do not manifest until late in the disease
process, after significant joint and soft tissue damage has already occurred.
The advent of dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) has enabled the
non-invasive diagnosis and quantification of gout by accurately confirming the
presence and extent of urate crystals in joints and soft tissues, without the
need for painful and often unreliable soft tissue biopsy or joint aspiration.
Specific ultrasound findings have been identified and may also be used to aid
diagnosis. Both ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be used for
the measurement of disease extent, monitoring of disease activity or treatment
response, although MRI findings are nonspecific. In this article we summarize
the imaging findings and diagnostic utility of plain radiographs, ultrasound,
DECT, MRI and nuclear medicine studies in the assessment as well as the
implications and utility these tools have for measuring disease burden and
therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Davies
- Radiology Department, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Windmill Road, Oxford, OX3 7HE, UK
| | | | | | - James Teh
- Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford, UK
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Dalbeth N, Doyle AJ. Imaging tools to measure treatment response in gout. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2018; 57:i27-i34. [PMID: 29272513 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kex445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Imaging tests are in clinical use for diagnosis, assessment of disease severity and as a marker of treatment response in people with gout. Various imaging tests have differing properties for assessing the three key disease domains in gout: urate deposition (including tophus burden), joint inflammation and structural joint damage. Dual-energy CT allows measurement of urate deposition and bone damage, and ultrasonography allows assessment of all three domains. Scoring systems have been described that allow radiological quantification of disease severity and these scoring systems may play a role in assessing the response to treatment in gout. This article reviews the properties of imaging tests, describes the available scoring systems for quantification of disease severity and discusses the challenges and controversies regarding the use of imaging tools to measure treatment response in gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Dalbeth
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anthony J Doyle
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Predictors of activity limitation in people with gout: a prospective study. Clin Rheumatol 2018; 37:2213-2219. [PMID: 29680870 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-018-4110-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to determine clinical factors associated with activity limitation and predictors of a change in activity limitation after 1 year in people with gout. Two hundred ninety-five participants with gout (disease duration < 10 years) attended a baseline assessment which included medical and disease-specific history, pain visual analog score and plain radiographs scored for erosion and narrowing. Activity limitation was assessed using the Health Assessment Questionnaire-II (HAQ-II). After 1 year, participants were invited to complete a further HAQ-II; follow-up questionnaires were available for 182 participants. Fully saturated and stepwise regression analyses were used to determine associations between baseline characteristics and HAQ-II at baseline and 1 year, and to determine predictors of worsening HAQ-II in those with normal baseline scores. Median (range) baseline HAQ-II was 0.20 (0-2.50) and 0.20 (0-2.80) after 1 year of follow-up. Pain score was the strongest independent predictor of baseline HAQ-II, followed by radiographic narrowing score, type 2 diabetes, swollen joint count, BMI, age and urate (model R2 = 0.51, P < 0.001). Baseline HAQ-II was the strongest predictor of change in HAQ-II at 1 year, followed by tender joint count (model R2 = 0.19, P < 0.001). Of those with HAQ-II scores of 0 at baseline (n = 59, 32% of those with follow-up data), most did not progress (n = 52, 88%); however, baseline pain score, type 2 diabetes and flare frequency were significant predictors of worsening HAQ-II in this group (R2 = 0.34, P < 0.001). People with gout experience a wide range of activity limitation, and levels of activity limitation are, on average, stable over a 1-year period. Baseline pain scores are strongly associated with activity limitation and predict development of activity limitation in those with normal HAQ-II scores at baseline.
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Disveld IJM, Fransen J, Rongen GA, Kienhorst LBE, Zoakman S, Janssens HJEM, Janssen M. Crystal-proven Gout and Characteristic Gout Severity Factors Are Associated with Cardiovascular Disease. J Rheumatol 2018; 45:858-863. [PMID: 29657151 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.170555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our aim was to examine the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with crystal-proven gout compared to arthritis controls. Further, we analyzed the association between characteristic gout severity factors and CVD to provide further support for a pathogenetic relationship between gout and CVD. METHODS Patients with arthritis referred for diagnosis were consecutively included in the Gout Arnhem-Liemers cohort. Joint fluid analysis was performed in all referred patients; controls were negative for crystals. Patients' characteristics and different manifestations of CVD and gout severity factors (disease duration, attack frequency, tophi, affected joints, high serum urate acid level, joint damage) were collected. Gout patients were compared with controls for the prevalence of CVD. In addition, the association between characteristic gout severity factors and presence of CVD was analyzed. RESULTS Data from 700 gout patients and 276 controls were collected. CVD was present in 47% (95% CI 44%-51%) and 24% (95% CI 19%-29%) of gout patients and controls, respectively. Corrected for confounders, gout was still strongly associated with an increased prevalence of CVD compared to controls (OR 3.39, 95% CI 2.37-4.84). In patients with gout, disease duration ≥ 2 years, oligo- or polyarthritis, serum urate acid > 0.55 mmol/l at presentation, and joint damage were independently (p < 0.05) associated with prevalent CVD. CONCLUSION Crystal-proven gout was strongly associated with an increased prevalence of CVD. In patients with gout, characteristic gout severity factors were associated with CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris J M Disveld
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem; Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Centre; Departments of Internal Medicine, and Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Centre; Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen; Department of Dermatology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,I.J. Disveld, MD, Department of Rheumatology, Rijnstate Hospital; J. Fransen, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Centre; G.A. Rongen, Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Centre; L.B. Kienhorst, MD, LLM, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Centre Utrecht; S. Zoakman, MD, Department of Rheumatology, Rijnstate Hospital; H.J. Janssens, MD, PhD, Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Medical Centre; M. Janssen, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Rijnstate Hospital
| | - Jaap Fransen
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem; Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Centre; Departments of Internal Medicine, and Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Centre; Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen; Department of Dermatology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,I.J. Disveld, MD, Department of Rheumatology, Rijnstate Hospital; J. Fransen, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Centre; G.A. Rongen, Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Centre; L.B. Kienhorst, MD, LLM, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Centre Utrecht; S. Zoakman, MD, Department of Rheumatology, Rijnstate Hospital; H.J. Janssens, MD, PhD, Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Medical Centre; M. Janssen, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Rijnstate Hospital
| | - Gerard A Rongen
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem; Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Centre; Departments of Internal Medicine, and Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Centre; Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen; Department of Dermatology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,I.J. Disveld, MD, Department of Rheumatology, Rijnstate Hospital; J. Fransen, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Centre; G.A. Rongen, Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Centre; L.B. Kienhorst, MD, LLM, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Centre Utrecht; S. Zoakman, MD, Department of Rheumatology, Rijnstate Hospital; H.J. Janssens, MD, PhD, Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Medical Centre; M. Janssen, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Rijnstate Hospital
| | - Laura B E Kienhorst
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem; Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Centre; Departments of Internal Medicine, and Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Centre; Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen; Department of Dermatology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,I.J. Disveld, MD, Department of Rheumatology, Rijnstate Hospital; J. Fransen, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Centre; G.A. Rongen, Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Centre; L.B. Kienhorst, MD, LLM, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Centre Utrecht; S. Zoakman, MD, Department of Rheumatology, Rijnstate Hospital; H.J. Janssens, MD, PhD, Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Medical Centre; M. Janssen, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Rijnstate Hospital
| | - Sahel Zoakman
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem; Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Centre; Departments of Internal Medicine, and Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Centre; Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen; Department of Dermatology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,I.J. Disveld, MD, Department of Rheumatology, Rijnstate Hospital; J. Fransen, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Centre; G.A. Rongen, Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Centre; L.B. Kienhorst, MD, LLM, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Centre Utrecht; S. Zoakman, MD, Department of Rheumatology, Rijnstate Hospital; H.J. Janssens, MD, PhD, Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Medical Centre; M. Janssen, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Rijnstate Hospital
| | - Hein J E M Janssens
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem; Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Centre; Departments of Internal Medicine, and Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Centre; Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen; Department of Dermatology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,I.J. Disveld, MD, Department of Rheumatology, Rijnstate Hospital; J. Fransen, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Centre; G.A. Rongen, Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Centre; L.B. Kienhorst, MD, LLM, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Centre Utrecht; S. Zoakman, MD, Department of Rheumatology, Rijnstate Hospital; H.J. Janssens, MD, PhD, Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Medical Centre; M. Janssen, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Rijnstate Hospital
| | - Matthijs Janssen
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem; Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Centre; Departments of Internal Medicine, and Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Centre; Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen; Department of Dermatology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands. .,I.J. Disveld, MD, Department of Rheumatology, Rijnstate Hospital; J. Fransen, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Centre; G.A. Rongen, Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Centre; L.B. Kienhorst, MD, LLM, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Centre Utrecht; S. Zoakman, MD, Department of Rheumatology, Rijnstate Hospital; H.J. Janssens, MD, PhD, Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Medical Centre; M. Janssen, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Rijnstate Hospital.
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Dalbeth N, Saag KG, Palmer WE, Choi HK, Hunt B, MacDonald PA, Thienel U, Gunawardhana L. Effects of Febuxostat in Early Gout: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 69:2386-2395. [PMID: 28975718 PMCID: PMC5725733 DOI: 10.1002/art.40233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective To assess the effect of treatment with febuxostat versus placebo on joint damage in hyperuricemic subjects with early gout (1 or 2 gout flares). Methods In this double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study, 314 subjects with hyperuricemia (serum uric acid [UA] level of ≥7.0 mg/dl) and early gout were randomized 1:1 to receive once‐daily febuxostat 40 mg (increased to 80 mg if the serum UA level was ≥6.0 mg/dl on day 14) or placebo. The primary efficacy end point was the mean change from baseline to month 24 in the modified Sharp/van der Heijde erosion score for the single affected joint. Additional efficacy end points included change from baseline to month 24 in the Rheumatoid Arthritis Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scoring (RAMRIS) scores for synovitis, erosion, and edema in the single affected joint, the incidence of gout flares, and serum UA levels. Safety was assessed throughout the study. Results Treatment with febuxostat did not lead to any notable changes in joint erosion over 2 years. In both treatment groups, the mean change from baseline to month 24 in the modified Sharp/van der Heijde erosion score for the single affected joint was minimal, with no between‐group differences. However, treatment with febuxostat significantly improved the RAMRIS synovitis score at month 24 compared with placebo treatment (change from baseline −0.43 versus −0.07; P <0.001), decreased the overall incidence of gout flares (29.3% versus 41.4%; P < 0.05), and improved serum UA control (62.8% versus 5.7%; P < 0.001). No major safety concerns were reported. Conclusion Urate‐lowering therapy with febuxostat improved magnetic resonance imaging–determined synovitis and reduced the incidence of gout flares in subjects with early gout.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hyon K Choi
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Barbara Hunt
- Takeda Development Center Americas, Deerfield, Illinois
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Ragab G, Elshahaly M, Bardin T. Gout: An old disease in new perspective - A review. J Adv Res 2017; 8:495-511. [PMID: 28748116 PMCID: PMC5512152 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gout is a picturesque presentation of uric acid disturbance. It is the most well understood and described type of arthritis. Its epidemiology is studied. New insights into the pathophysiology of hyperuricemia and gouty arthritis; acute and chronic allow for an even better understanding of the disease. The role of genetic predisposition is becoming more evident. The clinical picture of gout is divided into asymptomatic hyperuricemia, acute gouty arthritis, intercritical period, and chronic tophaceous gout. Diagnosis is based on laboratory and radiological features. The gold standard of diagnosis is identification of characteristic MSU crystals in the synovial fluid using polarized light microscopy. Imaging modalities include conventional radiography, ultrasonography, conventional CT, Dual-Energy CT, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, nuclear scintigraphy, and positron emission tomography. There is remarkable progress in the application of ultrasonography and Dual-Energy CT which is bound to influence the diagnosis, staging, follow-up, and clinical research in the field. Management of gout includes management of flares, chronic gout and prevention of flares, as well as management of comorbidities. Newer drugs in the pharmacological armamentarium are proving successful and supplement older ones. Other important points in its management include patient education, diet and life style changes, as well as cessation of hyperuricemic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaafar Ragab
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Mohsen Elshahaly
- Rheumatology, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Egypt
| | - Thomas Bardin
- Rhumatologie, Lariboisière Hospital, and Université Paris Diderot Sorbonne Cité, Paris, France
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19
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20
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Son CN, Song Y, Kim SH, Lee S, Jun JB. Digital tomosynthesis as a new diagnostic tool for assessing of chronic gout arthritic feet and ankles: comparison of plain radiography and computed tomography. Clin Rheumatol 2017; 36:2095-2100. [PMID: 28597134 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-017-3710-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This aimed to compare the three radiographic methods of digital tomosynthesis (DT), plain radiography, and computed tomography (CT) for evaluating changes in feet of patients with chronic gouty arthritis. Two independent radiologists read the plain radiography, DT, and CT images of 30 male patients with gout. The degrees of erosion and joint space narrowing were scored using the Sharp-van der Heijde scoring method in 18 foot joints, which consisted of four proximal interphalangeal and one interphalangeal joint of the first toe, five metatarsophalangeal, five tarsometatarsal, and three naviculo-cuneiform joints of the foot. DT showed high reproducibility [0.929 for intraobserver intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and 0.838 for interobserver ICC]. DT showed similar results to those of CT and superior results to those of plain radiography for evaluating radiographic damage [mean total score, 8.5 ± 14.6 (±standard deviation) for plain radiography, 12.9 ± 12.4 for DT, and 12.6 ± 11.2 for CT]. This study showed that DT is a good method for evaluating radiographic changes in patients with gout. Further research is needed to apply DT to actual clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Nam Son
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine and Institute for Medical Science, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonah Song
- Department of Radiology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyon Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine and Institute for Medical Science, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghun Lee
- Department of Radiology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Bum Jun
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, 222-1, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Azevedo VF, Lopes MP, Catholino NM, Paiva EDS, Araújo VA, Pinheiro GDRC. Critical revision of the medical treatment of gout in Brazil. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE REUMATOLOGIA 2017; 57:346-355. [PMID: 28743362 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbre.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gout is considered the most common form of inflammatory arthritis in men over 40 years. The authors present a brief review of the current treatment of gout and discuss the existing pharmacological limitations in Brazil for the treatment of this disease. Although allopurinol is still the main drug administered for decreasing serum levels of uric acid in gout patients in this country, the authors also present data that show a great opportunity for the Brazilian drug market for the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout and especially for patients using private and public (SUS) health care systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valderilio Feijó Azevedo
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Hospital de Clínicas, Departamento de Clinica Médica, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Maicon Piana Lopes
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Hospital de Clínicas, Departamento de Clinica Médica, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Nathan Marostica Catholino
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Hospital de Clínicas, Departamento de Clinica Médica, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Dos Santos Paiva
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Hospital de Clínicas, Departamento de Clinica Médica, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Vitor Andrei Araújo
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Hospital de Clínicas, Departamento de Clinica Médica, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Durcan L, Grainger R, Keen HI, Taylor WJ, Dalbeth N. Imaging as a potential outcome measure in gout studies: A systematic literature review. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2016; 45:570-9. [PMID: 26522139 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite major progress in the imaging of gout, it is unclear which domains these techniques can evaluate and whether imaging modalities have the potential to provide valid outcome measures. The aim of this study was to assess the use of imaging instruments in gout according to the Outcomes in Rheumatology Clinical Trials (OMERACT) filter to inform the development of imaging as an outcome measure. METHODS A systematic literature search of imaging modalities for gout was undertaken. Articles were assessed by two reviewers to identify imaging domains and summarize information according to the OMERACT filter. RESULTS The search identified 78 articles (one abstract). Modalities included were conventional radiography (CR) (16 articles), ultrasound (US) (29), conventional computed tomography (CT) (11), dual energy computed tomography (DECT) (20), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (16). Three domains were identified as follows: urate deposition, joint damage, and inflammation. Although sufficient data were available to assess feasibility, validity, and reliability, comprehensive assessment of discrimination was not possible due to the paucity of prospective imaging studies. CR is widely accessible, inexpensive with a validated damage scoring system. US and MRI offer radiation-free methods of evaluating urate deposition, damage and inflammation, but may be limited by accessibility. DECT provides excellent definition of urate deposition and bone damage, but has restricted availability and requires radiation. CONCLUSIONS Imaging methods can detect urate deposition, damage, and inflammation in gout. More than one modality may be required depending on the domains and therapeutic agent of interest. No single imaging method currently fulfils all aspects of the OMERACT filter for any domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Durcan
- Department of Rheumatology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1830 East Monument St, Baltimore, MD 21287.
| | - Rebecca Grainger
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Helen I Keen
- University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - William J Taylor
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Nicola Dalbeth
- Division of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Spaetgens B, van Durme C, Webers C, Tran-Duy A, Schoonbrood T, Boonen A. Construct Validity of Radiographs of the Feet to Assess Joint Damage in Patients with Gout. J Rheumatol 2016; 44:91-94. [PMID: 27909088 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.160737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate construct validity of radiographic damage of the feet in gout. METHODS Radiographs of the feet were scored using the Sharp/van der Heijde method. Factors associated with damage were investigated by a negative binomial model, and contribution of damage to health by linear regressions. RESULTS Age, disease duration, serum uric acid, and tophi were associated with being erosive and erosion score. Tophi were associated with joint space narrowing. Erosions were associated (β 0.47, 95% CI 0.09-0.84) with physical function, but damage was not associated with overall physical health. CONCLUSION Our results support construct validity for radiographs of the feet when assessing joint damage in gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Spaetgens
- From the Department of Internal Medicine and Division of Rheumatology, and Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technology Assessment, Maastricht University Medical Center; Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Département de Médecine Physique, Centre Hospitalier Chrétien, Liège, Belgium. .,B. Spaetgens, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center, and CAPHRI, Maastricht University; C. van Durme, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center, and Département de Médecine Physique, Centre Hospitalier Chrétien; C. Webers, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center; A. Tran-Duy, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center, and Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technology Assessment, Maastricht University Medical Center; T. Schoonbrood, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center; A. Boonen, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center, and CAPHRI, Maastricht University.
| | - Caroline van Durme
- From the Department of Internal Medicine and Division of Rheumatology, and Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technology Assessment, Maastricht University Medical Center; Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Département de Médecine Physique, Centre Hospitalier Chrétien, Liège, Belgium.,B. Spaetgens, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center, and CAPHRI, Maastricht University; C. van Durme, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center, and Département de Médecine Physique, Centre Hospitalier Chrétien; C. Webers, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center; A. Tran-Duy, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center, and Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technology Assessment, Maastricht University Medical Center; T. Schoonbrood, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center; A. Boonen, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center, and CAPHRI, Maastricht University
| | - Casper Webers
- From the Department of Internal Medicine and Division of Rheumatology, and Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technology Assessment, Maastricht University Medical Center; Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Département de Médecine Physique, Centre Hospitalier Chrétien, Liège, Belgium.,B. Spaetgens, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center, and CAPHRI, Maastricht University; C. van Durme, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center, and Département de Médecine Physique, Centre Hospitalier Chrétien; C. Webers, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center; A. Tran-Duy, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center, and Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technology Assessment, Maastricht University Medical Center; T. Schoonbrood, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center; A. Boonen, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center, and CAPHRI, Maastricht University
| | - An Tran-Duy
- From the Department of Internal Medicine and Division of Rheumatology, and Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technology Assessment, Maastricht University Medical Center; Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Département de Médecine Physique, Centre Hospitalier Chrétien, Liège, Belgium.,B. Spaetgens, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center, and CAPHRI, Maastricht University; C. van Durme, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center, and Département de Médecine Physique, Centre Hospitalier Chrétien; C. Webers, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center; A. Tran-Duy, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center, and Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technology Assessment, Maastricht University Medical Center; T. Schoonbrood, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center; A. Boonen, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center, and CAPHRI, Maastricht University
| | - Thea Schoonbrood
- From the Department of Internal Medicine and Division of Rheumatology, and Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technology Assessment, Maastricht University Medical Center; Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Département de Médecine Physique, Centre Hospitalier Chrétien, Liège, Belgium.,B. Spaetgens, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center, and CAPHRI, Maastricht University; C. van Durme, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center, and Département de Médecine Physique, Centre Hospitalier Chrétien; C. Webers, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center; A. Tran-Duy, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center, and Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technology Assessment, Maastricht University Medical Center; T. Schoonbrood, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center; A. Boonen, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center, and CAPHRI, Maastricht University
| | - Annelies Boonen
- From the Department of Internal Medicine and Division of Rheumatology, and Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technology Assessment, Maastricht University Medical Center; Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Département de Médecine Physique, Centre Hospitalier Chrétien, Liège, Belgium.,B. Spaetgens, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center, and CAPHRI, Maastricht University; C. van Durme, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center, and Département de Médecine Physique, Centre Hospitalier Chrétien; C. Webers, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center; A. Tran-Duy, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center, and Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technology Assessment, Maastricht University Medical Center; T. Schoonbrood, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center; A. Boonen, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center, and CAPHRI, Maastricht University
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Sapsford M, Gamble GD, Aati O, Knight J, Horne A, Doyle AJ, Dalbeth N. Relationship of bone erosion with the urate and soft tissue components of the tophus in gout: a dual energy computed tomography study. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2016; 56:129-133. [PMID: 27803304 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kew383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Imaging and pathology studies have established a close relationship between tophus and bone erosion in gout. The tophus is an organized structure consisting of urate crystals and chronic inflammatory tissue. The aim of this work was to examine the relationship between bone erosion and each component of the tophus. METHODS Plain radiographs and dual energy CT scans of the feet were prospectively obtained from 92 people with tophaceous gout. The 10 MTP joints were scored for erosion score, tophus urate and soft tissue volume. Data were analysed using generalized estimating equations and mediation analysis. RESULTS Tophus was visualized in 80.2% of all joints with radiographic (XR) erosion [odds ratio (OR) = 7.1 (95% CI: 4.8, 10.6)] and urate was visualized in 78.6% of all joints with XR erosion [OR = 6.6 (95% CI: 4.7, 9.3)]. In mediation analysis, tophus urate volume and soft tissue volume were directly associated with XR erosion score. About a third of the association of the tophus urate volume with XR erosion score was indirectly mediated through the strong association between tophus urate volume and tophus soft tissue volume. CONCLUSION Urate and soft tissue components of the tophus are strongly and independently associated with bone erosion in gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Sapsford
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Department of Medicine
| | | | - Opetaia Aati
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Department of Medicine
| | - Julie Knight
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Department of Medicine
| | - Anne Horne
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Department of Medicine
| | - Anthony J Doyle
- Department of Anatomy with Radiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Son CN, Kim TE, Park K, Hwang JH, Kim SK. Simplified Radiographic Damage Index for Affected Joints in Chronic Gouty Arthritis. J Korean Med Sci 2016; 31:435-42. [PMID: 26955246 PMCID: PMC4779870 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2016.31.3.435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop and validate a new radiographic damage scoring method (DAmagE index of GoUt; DAEGU) in chronic gout using plain radiography. Two independent observers scored foot x-rays from 15 patients with chronic gout according to the DAEGU method and the modified Sharp/van der Heijde (SvdH) method. The 10 metatarsophalangeal (MTP) and 2 interphalangeal (IP) joints of the first toes of both feet were scored to assess the degrees of erosion and joint space narrowing (JSN). The intraobserver and interobserver reliabilities were analyzed by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and minimal detectable change (MDC). The correlation between the DAEGU and SvdH methods was analyzed by calculating the Spearman's rho correlation coefficients and Kappa coefficients. The DAEGU method was found to be highly reproducible (0.945-0.987 for the intraobserver and 0.993-0.996 for the interobserver ICC values). The erosion, JSN, and total scores exhibited strong positive correlations between the DAEGU and SvdH methods and also within each method (r = 0.860-0.969, P < 0.001 for all parameters). The DAEGU and SvdH methods were in very good agreement as determined by Kappa coefficient analysis [0.732 (0.387-1.000) for erosion and 1.000 (1.000-1.000) for JSN]. In conclusion, this study revealed that DAEGU method was a reliable and feasible tool in the assessment of radiographic damage in chronic gout. The DAEGU method may provide a more easy assessment of structural damage in chronic gout in the real clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Nam Son
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Tae Eun Kim
- Department of Radiology, Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kyungmin Park
- Department of Radiology, Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jun Hyun Hwang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Seong-Kyu Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Arthritis & Autoimmunity Research Center, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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26
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Eason A, House ME, Vincent Z, Knight J, Tan P, Horne A, Gamble GD, Doyle AJ, Taylor WJ, Dalbeth N. Factors associated with change in radiographic damage scores in gout: a prospective observational study. Ann Rheum Dis 2016; 75:2075-2079. [PMID: 26912565 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-208937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Radiographic damage is frequently observed in patients with longstanding gout. The aim of this prospective observational study was to determine factors associated with change in radiographic damage scores in gout. METHODS People with gout and disease duration <10 years were recruited into this prospective observational study. At the baseline visit, structured assessment was undertaken in 290 participants including detailed clinical examination and plain radiographs (XR) of the hands and feet. Participants were invited to attend a further study visit with repeat XR 3 years after the baseline visit. XR were scored for erosion and joint space narrowing according to the gout-modified Sharp/van der Heijde XR damage score. RESULTS Age, subcutaneous tophus count and tender joint count were independently associated with XR damage score at the baseline visit. Paired serial XR were available for 140 participants. In stepwise linear regression analysis, change in total damage score over 3 years was positively associated with change in subcutaneous tophus count and baseline XR damage score, and inversely associated with baseline subcutaneous tophus count (model R2=0.39, p<0.001). Change in subcutaneous tophus count contributed most to the change in erosion score (partial R2 change=0.31, p<0.001), and baseline XR damage score contributed most to the change in narrowing score (partial R2 change=0.31, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Development of new subcutaneous tophi and baseline radiographic damage are associated with progressive joint damage scores in people with gout. These data provide further evidence that the tophus plays a central role in bone erosion in gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair Eason
- Department of Radiology, Auckland District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Meaghan E House
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Zoe Vincent
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Julie Knight
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Paul Tan
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anne Horne
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gregory D Gamble
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anthony J Doyle
- Radiology with Anatomy, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - William J Taylor
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Nicola Dalbeth
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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27
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Monosodium Urate Crystal-Induced Chondrocyte Death via Autophagic Process. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:29265-77. [PMID: 26670233 PMCID: PMC4691108 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Monosodium urate (MSU) crystals, which are highly precipitated in the joint cartilage, increase the production of cartilage-degrading enzymes and pro-inflammatory mediators in cartilage, thereby leading to gouty inflammation and joint damage. In this study, we investigated the effect of MSU crystals on the viability of human articular chondrocytes and the mechanism of MSU crystal-induced chondrocyte death. MSU crystals significantly decreased the viability of primary chondrocytes in a time- and dose-dependent manner. DNA fragmentation was observed in a culture medium of MSU crystal-treated chondrocytes, but not in cell lysates. MSU crystals did not activate caspase-3, a marker of apoptosis, compared with actinomycin D and TNF-α-treated cells. MSU crystals did not directly affect the expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers at the mRNA and protein levels. However, MSU crystals significantly increased the LC3-II level in a time-dependent manner, indicating autophagy activation. Moreover, MSU crystal-induced autophagy and subsequent chondrocyte death were significantly inhibited by 3-methyladenine, a blocker of autophagosomes formation. MSU crystals activated autophagy via inhibition of phosporylation of the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. These results demonstrate that MSU crystals may cause the death of chondrocytes through the activation of the autophagic process rather than apoptosis or ER stress.
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Doyle AJ, Dalbeth N, McQueen F, Boyer L, Dong J, Rome K, Frecklington M. Gout on CT of the feet: A symmetric arthropathy. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol 2015; 60:54-8. [DOI: 10.1111/1754-9485.12419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicola Dalbeth
- Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences; University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
| | - Fiona McQueen
- Rheumatology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences; University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
| | - Lucinda Boyer
- Radiology; Auckland City Hospital; Auckland New Zealand
| | - Jing Dong
- Radiology; Auckland City Hospital; Auckland New Zealand
| | - Keith Rome
- Department of Podiatry; School of Rehabilitation and Occupation Studies; Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences; AUT University; Auckland New Zealand
| | - Mike Frecklington
- Department of Podiatry; School of Rehabilitation and Occupation Studies; Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences; AUT University; Auckland New Zealand
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Perez-Ruiz F, Marimon E, Chinchilla SP. Hyperuricaemia with deposition: latest evidence and therapeutic approach. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2015; 7:225-33. [PMID: 26622324 PMCID: PMC4637846 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x15599734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reviews recent evidence on urate deposition and the opportunity for a therapeutic approach. We reviewed Pubmed 2013-2015 literature using the search terms 'deposition' with 'hyperuricaemia', 'gout', 'ultrasonography', 'DECT' (dual-energy computed tomography), 'radiography', 'CT'(computed tomography), 'MRI' (magnetic resonance imaging), or 'cardiovascular', in addition to a digital bibliographic library compiled by the authors with 2072 papers on hyperuricaemia and gout. Relevant papers on the topic were selected. Recent evidence, mostly based on imaging studies, showed a continuum from hyperuricaemia to deposition and clinical manifestations. Chronic inflammation and structural damage may be present even in asymptomatic patients with crystal-proved deposition. The impact of early intervention in patients with asymptomatic deposition either on vascular outcomes or further structural joint damage has not been demonstrated yet. In conclusion, a worldwide definition of gout is still lacking, stages from hyperuricaemia to clinical gout not being definitively defined. Although there is increasing interest on the impact of early deposits on joint damage and cardiovascular outcomes, robust evidence is still lacking to fully support interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Perez-Ruiz
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Cruces, OSI-EEC, Pza Cruces Sn, 48903 Baracaldo, Biscay, Spain
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Anti-Citrullinated Peptide Antibodies in Tophaceous Gout: Prevalence in a Polynesian Population. J Clin Rheumatol 2015; 21:326-8. [PMID: 26267717 DOI: 10.1097/rhu.0000000000000293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Grainger R, Dalbeth N, Keen H, Durcan L, Lawrence Edwards N, Perez-Ruiz F, Diaz-Torne C, Singh JA, Khanna D, Simon LS, Taylor WJ. Imaging as an Outcome Measure in Gout Studies: Report from the OMERACT Gout Working Group. J Rheumatol 2015; 42:2460-4. [PMID: 25641895 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.141164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The gout working group at the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) 12 meeting in 2014 aimed to determine which imaging modalities show the most promise for use as measurement instruments for outcomes in studies of people with chronic gout and to identify the key foci for future research about the performance of these imaging techniques with respect to the OMERACT filter 2.0. METHODS During the gout session, a systematic literature review of the data addressing imaging modalities including plain radiography (XR), conventional computed tomography (CT), dual-energy computed tomography (DECT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasound (US) and the fulfillment of the OMERACT filter 2.0 was presented. RESULTS The working group identified 3 relevant domains for imaging in gout studies: urate deposition (tophus burden), joint inflammation, and structural joint damage. CONCLUSION The working group prioritized gaps in the data and identified a research agenda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Grainger
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington; Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, New Zealand; Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Cruces and BioCruces Health Research Institute, Vizcaya; Division of Rheumatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.R. Grainger, PhD, FRACP, Senior Lecturer, Rheumatologist, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington; N. Dalbeth, MD, FRACP, Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, University of Auckland; L. Durcan, Rheumatology Fellow, MD, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital; H. Keen, PhD, Associate Professor, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia; N.L. Edwards, MD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida; F. Perez-Ruiz, MD, Professor, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Cruces and BioCruces Health Research Institute; C. Diaz-Torne, PhD, Associate Professor and Rheumatologist; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Associate Professor of Medicine; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham; D. Khanna, MD, MSc, Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan; L.S. Simon, MD, Principal Advisor, SDG LLC; W.J. Taylor, PhD, FRACP, Associate Professor and Rheumatologist, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington
| | - Nicola Dalbeth
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington; Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, New Zealand; Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Cruces and BioCruces Health Research Institute, Vizcaya; Division of Rheumatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.R. Grainger, PhD, FRACP, Senior Lecturer, Rheumatologist, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington; N. Dalbeth, MD, FRACP, Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, University of Auckland; L. Durcan, Rheumatology Fellow, MD, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital; H. Keen, PhD, Associate Professor, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia; N.L. Edwards, MD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida; F. Perez-Ruiz, MD, Professor, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Cruces and BioCruces Health Research Institute; C. Diaz-Torne, PhD, Associate Professor and Rheumatologist; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Associate Professor of Medicine; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham; D. Khanna, MD, MSc, Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan; L.S. Simon, MD, Principal Advisor, SDG LLC; W.J. Taylor, PhD, FRACP, Associate Professor and Rheumatologist, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington
| | - Helen Keen
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington; Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, New Zealand; Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Cruces and BioCruces Health Research Institute, Vizcaya; Division of Rheumatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.R. Grainger, PhD, FRACP, Senior Lecturer, Rheumatologist, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington; N. Dalbeth, MD, FRACP, Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, University of Auckland; L. Durcan, Rheumatology Fellow, MD, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital; H. Keen, PhD, Associate Professor, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia; N.L. Edwards, MD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida; F. Perez-Ruiz, MD, Professor, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Cruces and BioCruces Health Research Institute; C. Diaz-Torne, PhD, Associate Professor and Rheumatologist; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Associate Professor of Medicine; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham; D. Khanna, MD, MSc, Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan; L.S. Simon, MD, Principal Advisor, SDG LLC; W.J. Taylor, PhD, FRACP, Associate Professor and Rheumatologist, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington
| | - Laura Durcan
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington; Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, New Zealand; Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Cruces and BioCruces Health Research Institute, Vizcaya; Division of Rheumatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.R. Grainger, PhD, FRACP, Senior Lecturer, Rheumatologist, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington; N. Dalbeth, MD, FRACP, Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, University of Auckland; L. Durcan, Rheumatology Fellow, MD, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital; H. Keen, PhD, Associate Professor, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia; N.L. Edwards, MD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida; F. Perez-Ruiz, MD, Professor, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Cruces and BioCruces Health Research Institute; C. Diaz-Torne, PhD, Associate Professor and Rheumatologist; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Associate Professor of Medicine; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham; D. Khanna, MD, MSc, Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan; L.S. Simon, MD, Principal Advisor, SDG LLC; W.J. Taylor, PhD, FRACP, Associate Professor and Rheumatologist, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington
| | - N Lawrence Edwards
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington; Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, New Zealand; Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Cruces and BioCruces Health Research Institute, Vizcaya; Division of Rheumatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.R. Grainger, PhD, FRACP, Senior Lecturer, Rheumatologist, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington; N. Dalbeth, MD, FRACP, Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, University of Auckland; L. Durcan, Rheumatology Fellow, MD, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital; H. Keen, PhD, Associate Professor, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia; N.L. Edwards, MD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida; F. Perez-Ruiz, MD, Professor, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Cruces and BioCruces Health Research Institute; C. Diaz-Torne, PhD, Associate Professor and Rheumatologist; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Associate Professor of Medicine; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham; D. Khanna, MD, MSc, Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan; L.S. Simon, MD, Principal Advisor, SDG LLC; W.J. Taylor, PhD, FRACP, Associate Professor and Rheumatologist, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington
| | - Fernando Perez-Ruiz
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington; Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, New Zealand; Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Cruces and BioCruces Health Research Institute, Vizcaya; Division of Rheumatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.R. Grainger, PhD, FRACP, Senior Lecturer, Rheumatologist, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington; N. Dalbeth, MD, FRACP, Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, University of Auckland; L. Durcan, Rheumatology Fellow, MD, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital; H. Keen, PhD, Associate Professor, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia; N.L. Edwards, MD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida; F. Perez-Ruiz, MD, Professor, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Cruces and BioCruces Health Research Institute; C. Diaz-Torne, PhD, Associate Professor and Rheumatologist; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Associate Professor of Medicine; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham; D. Khanna, MD, MSc, Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan; L.S. Simon, MD, Principal Advisor, SDG LLC; W.J. Taylor, PhD, FRACP, Associate Professor and Rheumatologist, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington
| | - Cesar Diaz-Torne
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington; Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, New Zealand; Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Cruces and BioCruces Health Research Institute, Vizcaya; Division of Rheumatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.R. Grainger, PhD, FRACP, Senior Lecturer, Rheumatologist, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington; N. Dalbeth, MD, FRACP, Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, University of Auckland; L. Durcan, Rheumatology Fellow, MD, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital; H. Keen, PhD, Associate Professor, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia; N.L. Edwards, MD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida; F. Perez-Ruiz, MD, Professor, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Cruces and BioCruces Health Research Institute; C. Diaz-Torne, PhD, Associate Professor and Rheumatologist; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Associate Professor of Medicine; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham; D. Khanna, MD, MSc, Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan; L.S. Simon, MD, Principal Advisor, SDG LLC; W.J. Taylor, PhD, FRACP, Associate Professor and Rheumatologist, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington
| | - Jasvinder A Singh
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington; Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, New Zealand; Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Cruces and BioCruces Health Research Institute, Vizcaya; Division of Rheumatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.R. Grainger, PhD, FRACP, Senior Lecturer, Rheumatologist, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington; N. Dalbeth, MD, FRACP, Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, University of Auckland; L. Durcan, Rheumatology Fellow, MD, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital; H. Keen, PhD, Associate Professor, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia; N.L. Edwards, MD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida; F. Perez-Ruiz, MD, Professor, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Cruces and BioCruces Health Research Institute; C. Diaz-Torne, PhD, Associate Professor and Rheumatologist; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Associate Professor of Medicine; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham; D. Khanna, MD, MSc, Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan; L.S. Simon, MD, Principal Advisor, SDG LLC; W.J. Taylor, PhD, FRACP, Associate Professor and Rheumatologist, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington
| | - Dinesh Khanna
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington; Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, New Zealand; Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Cruces and BioCruces Health Research Institute, Vizcaya; Division of Rheumatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.R. Grainger, PhD, FRACP, Senior Lecturer, Rheumatologist, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington; N. Dalbeth, MD, FRACP, Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, University of Auckland; L. Durcan, Rheumatology Fellow, MD, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital; H. Keen, PhD, Associate Professor, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia; N.L. Edwards, MD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida; F. Perez-Ruiz, MD, Professor, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Cruces and BioCruces Health Research Institute; C. Diaz-Torne, PhD, Associate Professor and Rheumatologist; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Associate Professor of Medicine; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham; D. Khanna, MD, MSc, Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan; L.S. Simon, MD, Principal Advisor, SDG LLC; W.J. Taylor, PhD, FRACP, Associate Professor and Rheumatologist, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington
| | - Lee S Simon
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington; Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, New Zealand; Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Cruces and BioCruces Health Research Institute, Vizcaya; Division of Rheumatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.R. Grainger, PhD, FRACP, Senior Lecturer, Rheumatologist, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington; N. Dalbeth, MD, FRACP, Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, University of Auckland; L. Durcan, Rheumatology Fellow, MD, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital; H. Keen, PhD, Associate Professor, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia; N.L. Edwards, MD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida; F. Perez-Ruiz, MD, Professor, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Cruces and BioCruces Health Research Institute; C. Diaz-Torne, PhD, Associate Professor and Rheumatologist; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Associate Professor of Medicine; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham; D. Khanna, MD, MSc, Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan; L.S. Simon, MD, Principal Advisor, SDG LLC; W.J. Taylor, PhD, FRACP, Associate Professor and Rheumatologist, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington
| | - William J Taylor
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington; Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, New Zealand; Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Cruces and BioCruces Health Research Institute, Vizcaya; Division of Rheumatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.R. Grainger, PhD, FRACP, Senior Lecturer, Rheumatologist, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington; N. Dalbeth, MD, FRACP, Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, University of Auckland; L. Durcan, Rheumatology Fellow, MD, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital; H. Keen, PhD, Associate Professor, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia; N.L. Edwards, MD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida; F. Perez-Ruiz, MD, Professor, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Cruces and BioCruces Health Research Institute; C. Diaz-Torne, PhD, Associate Professor and Rheumatologist; J.A. Singh, MBBS, MPH, Associate Professor of Medicine; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Alabama at Birmingham; D. Khanna, MD, MSc, Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan; L.S. Simon, MD, Principal Advisor, SDG LLC; W.J. Taylor, PhD, FRACP, Associate Professor and Rheumatologist, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington.
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Clinical gout. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-09138-1.00188-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Araújo F, Cordeiro I, Ramiro S, Falzon L, Branco JC, Buchbinder R. Outcomes assessed in trials of gout and accordance with OMERACT-proposed domains: a systematic literature review. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2014; 54:981-93. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keu424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Chowalloor PV, Siew TK, Keen HI. Imaging in gout: A review of the recent developments. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2014; 6:131-43. [PMID: 25342993 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x14542960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gout is a common inflammatory arthritis and is caused by accumulation of monosodium urate crystals in joints and soft tissues. Apart from joint damage, untreated gout is associated with cardiovascular and renal morbidity. Gout, whilst in principle considered to be well understood and simple to treat, often presents diagnostic and management challenges, with evidence to suggest that it is often inadequately treated and poor compliance is a major issue. Imaging tools can aid clinicians in establishing the correct diagnosis, when histological crystal diagnosis is unable to be established, and also assess the burden of inflammatory and structural disease. Imaging can also be used to monitor treatment response. The imaging techniques that currently have a role in the imaging of gout include conventional radiography, ultrasound, computed tomography, dual energy computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and nuclear medicine. Despite the lack of major technological advances in imaging of gout in recent years, scientific studies of existing imaging modalities have improved our understanding of the disease, and how to best utilize imaging techniques in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Varghese Chowalloor
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Teck K Siew
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Helen Isobel Keen
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
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Dalbeth N, Doyle AJ, McQueen FM, Sundy J, Baraf HSB. Exploratory study of radiographic change in patients with tophaceous gout treated with intensive urate-lowering therapy. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2014; 66:82-5. [PMID: 23836458 DOI: 10.1002/acr.22059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tophi are strongly associated with structural damage in gout, and urate-lowering therapy reduces tophus size. Pegloticase leads to dramatic reductions in serum urate and subcutaneous tophi in treatment responders. The aim of this analysis was to examine whether profound urate lowering can alter radiographic findings in gout. METHODS Serial plain radiographs of the hands and feet were obtained from 8 patients with tophaceous gout treated with pegloticase. Radiographs were scored for erosion and joint space narrowing (JSN) according to the gout-modified Sharp/van der Heijde method. Scorers were blinded to each other's scores and to the clinical characteristics of the patients (including the clinical response to pegloticase). A detailed qualitative site-by-site analysis was undertaken to define additional changes observed from baseline. RESULTS All patients experienced a profound urate-lowering response (serum urate level <1 mg/dl) during pegloticase treatment. For the entire group, the median total radiographic scores reduced from 69.25 (range 1.5-138) at baseline to 57.25 (range 1.5-110) at 12 months (P = 0.02). Median erosion scores reduced over 1 year (P = 0.008), but JSN scores did not change (P = 0.50). Further reductions were observed in total scores and erosion scores in 5 patients with 24-month followup films (one-way analysis of variance P = 0.009 for total score, 0.02 for erosion, and 0.95 for JSN). Qualitative site-by-site analysis identified regression of soft tissue masses, increased sclerosis, and filling in of erosions in the followup films. CONCLUSION This exploratory study suggests that profound urate lowering can lead to improvement in structural damage, particularly bone erosion, in patients with tophaceous gout.
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Mallinson PI, Reagan AC, Coupal T, Munk PL, Ouellette H, Nicolaou S. The distribution of urate deposition within the extremities in gout: a review of 148 dual-energy CT cases. Skeletal Radiol 2014; 43:277-81. [PMID: 24337414 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-013-1771-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clinical detection of gout can be difficult due to co-existent and mimicking arthropathies and asymptomatic disease. Understanding of the distribution of urate within the body can aid clinical diagnosis and further understanding of the resulting pathology. Our aim was to determine this distribution of urate within the extremities in patients with gout. MATERIALS AND METHODS All patients who underwent a four-limb dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) scan for suspected gout over a 2-year period were identified (n = 148, 121 male, 27 female, age range, 16-92 years, mean = 61.3 years, median = 63 years). The reports of the positive cases were retrospectively analyzed and the locations of all urate deposition recorded and classified by anatomical location. RESULTS A total of 241 cases met the inclusion criteria, of which 148 cases were positive. Of these, 101 (68.2 %) patients had gout in the foot, 81 (56.1 %) in the knee, 79 (53.4 %) in the ankle, 41 (27.7 %) in the elbow, 25 (16.9 %) in the hand, and 25 (16.9 %) in the wrist. The distribution was further subcategorized for each body part into specific bone and soft tissue structures. CONCLUSIONS In this observational study, we provide for the first time a detailed analysis of extremity urate distribution in gout, which both supports and augments to the current understanding based on clinical and microscopic findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul I Mallinson
- Radiology Department, Vancouver General Hospital, Jim Pattison Pavilion, 899W 12th Ave, Vancouver, Canada, V5Z 1M9,
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Perez-Ruiz F, Castillo E, Chinchilla SP, Herrero-Beites AM. Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of gout. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2014; 40:193-206. [PMID: 24703343 DOI: 10.1016/j.rdc.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Gout has been academically considered to be a step-up disease consisting of different stages: acute gout, intercritical gout, and chronic gout. This simple approach may lead to misinterpretation and misdiagnosis. In clinical practice, we should consider gout as a single disease with either or both acute (most commonly, episodes of acute inflammation) and persistent clinical manifestations, but not restricted to chronic synovitis. In this article, an innovative, practical, and rational approach to the clinical manifestations and diagnosis of gout is presented, which may be supportive for clinicians involved in everyday care and management of patients with gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Perez-Ruiz
- Division of Rheumatology, BioCruces Health Institute, Hospital Universitario Cruces, Pza Cruces sn, Baracaldo 48903, Spain.
| | - Edwin Castillo
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Cruces, Pza Cruces sn, Baracaldo 48903, Spain
| | - Sandra P Chinchilla
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Cruces, Pza Cruces sn, Baracaldo 48903, Spain
| | - Ana M Herrero-Beites
- Division of Physical Medicine, Hospital de Górliz, Astondo Ibiltoki, km. 2, Górliz 48630, Spain
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Dalbeth N, Aati O, Kalluru R, Gamble GD, Horne A, Doyle AJ, McQueen FM. Relationship between structural joint damage and urate deposition in gout: a plain radiography and dual-energy CT study. Ann Rheum Dis 2014; 74:1030-6. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-204273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
ObjectivesThe aim of this work was to examine the relationship between joint damage and monosodium urate (MSU) crystal deposition in gout.MethodsPlain radiographs and dual-energy CT (DECT) scans of the feet were prospectively obtained from 92 people with tophaceous gout. Subcutaneous tophus count was recorded. The ten metatarsophalangeal joints were scored on plain radiography for Sharp–van der Heijde erosion and joint space narrowing (JSN) scores, and presence of spur, osteophyte, periosteal new bone and sclerosis (920 total joints). DECT scans were analysed for the presence of MSU crystal deposition at the same joints.ResultsDECT MSU crystal deposition was more frequently observed in joints with erosion (OR (95% CI) 8.5 (5.5 to 13.1)), JSN (4.2 (2.7 to 6.7%)), spur (7.9 (4.9 to 12.8)), osteophyte (3.9 (2.5 to 6.0)), periosteal new bone (7.0 (4.0 to 12.2)) and sclerosis (6.9 (4.6 to 10.2)), p<0.0001 for all. A strong linear relationship was observed in the frequency of joints affected by MSU crystals with radiographic erosion score (p<0.0001). The number of joints at each site with MSU crystal deposition correlated with all features of radiographic joint damage (r>0.88, p<0.05 for all). In linear regression models, the relationship between MSU crystal deposition and all radiographic changes except JSN and osteophytes persisted after adjusting for subcutaneous tophus count, serum urate concentration and disease duration.ConclusionsMSU crystals are frequently present in joints affected by radiographic damage in gout. These findings support the concept that MSU crystals interact with articular tissues to influence the development of structural joint damage in this disease.
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Dalbeth N, Aati O, Gamble GD, Horne A, House ME, Roger M, Doyle AJ, Chhana A, McQueen FM, Reid IR. Zoledronate for prevention of bone erosion in tophaceous gout: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Rheum Dis 2014; 73:1044-51. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-205036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Sun Y, Ma L, Zhou Y, Chen H, Ding Y, Zhou J, Wei L, Zou H, Jiang L. Features of urate deposition in patients with gouty arthritis of the foot using dual-energy computed tomography. Int J Rheum Dis 2013; 18:560-7. [PMID: 24238356 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.12194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate features of urate deposition in gout and the association between these features and attacks of gouty arthritis using dual-energy computed tomography (CT). METHODS Dual-energy CT scans of both feet were performed in 80 consecutive patients with gout and 22 with asymptomatic hyperuricemia. RESULTS Overall, 333 areas of urate deposition were found in patients with gout. The most commonly affected sites were the first metatarsophalangeal joint (MPJ; 57/333), the distal area of the first toe (59/333) and the calcaneal bone (61/333). For episodes of the first MPJ arthritis, urate deposits in the flexor pollicis longus muscle tendon (P = 0.02), as well as solitary and punctate depositions (P = 0.03 and 0.01, respectively) were positively related to the acute attacks. For episodes of arthritis around the ankle, deposits in the area, including the talus and inferior tibia, were associated with attacks of arthritis at the ankle (P = 0.02); additionally, deposits in the flexor tendon adjacent to the inferior tibia (P < 0.01) and a punctiform conformation were significantly associated with attacks of arthritis (P = 0.02). Logistic regression analysis showed that deposits around the first MPJ (OR = 3.38, 95% CI: 1.32, 8.17) or around the talus and inferior tibia (OR = 2.83, 95% CI: 1.11, 7.15) would increase the risk of an attack of arthritis. CONCLUSIONS Dual-energy CT imaging can be used to detect and analyze the features of urate deposition in patients with gout. Specific features of the deposits appeared to be associated with acute attacks of gouty arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Ma
- Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiyong Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqin Ding
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianjun Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Wei
- Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hejian Zou
- Department of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lindi Jiang
- Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Chhana A, Callon KE, Pool B, Naot D, Gamble GD, Dray M, Pitto R, Bentley J, McQueen FM, Cornish J, Dalbeth N. The Effects of Monosodium Urate Monohydrate Crystals on Chondrocyte Viability and Function: Implications for Development of Cartilage Damage in Gout. J Rheumatol 2013; 40:2067-74. [DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.130708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective.Cartilage damage is frequently observed in advanced destructive gout. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of monosodium urate monohydrate (MSU) crystals on chondrocyte viability and function.Methods.The alamarBlue assay and flow cytometry were used to assess the viability of primary human chondrocytes and cartilage explants following culture with MSU crystals. The number of dead chondrocytes in cartilage explants cultured with MSU crystals was quantified. Real-time PCR was used to determine changes in the relative mRNA expression levels of chondrocytic genes. The histological appearance of cartilage in joints affected by gout was also examined.Results.MSU crystals rapidly reduced primary human chondrocyte and cartilage explant viability in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.01 for both). Cartilage explants cultured with MSU crystals had a greater percentage of dead chondrocytes at the articular surface compared to untreated cartilage (p = 0.004). Relative mRNA expression of type II collagen and the cartilage matrix proteins aggrecan and versican was decreased in chondrocytes following culture with MSU crystals (p < 0.05 for all). However, expression of the degradative enzymes ADAMTS4 and ADAMTS5 was increased (p < 0.05 for both). In joints affected by gout, normal cartilage architecture was lost, with empty chondrocyte lacunae observed.Conclusion.MSU crystals have profound inhibitory effects on chondrocyte viability and function. Interactions between MSU crystals and chondrocytes may contribute to cartilage damage in gout through reduction of chondrocyte viability and promotion of a catabolic state.
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Dalbeth N, Doyle AJ. Imaging of gout: an overview. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2013; 26:823-38. [PMID: 23273794 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2012.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The diverse clinical states and sites of pathology in gout provide challenges when considering the features apparent on imaging. Ideally, an imaging modality should capture all aspects of disease including monosodium urate crystal deposition, acute inflammation, tophus, tissue remodelling and complications of disease. The modalities used in gout include conventional radiography, ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography and dual-energy computed tomography. This review discusses the role of each of these imaging modalities in gout, focussing on the imaging characteristics, role in gout diagnosis and role for disease monitoring. Ultrasonography and dual-energy computed tomography are particularly promising methods for both non-invasive diagnosis and monitoring of disease. The observation that ultrasonographic appearances of monosodium urate crystal deposition can be observed in patients with hyperuricaemia but no other clinical features of gout raises important questions about disease definitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Dalbeth
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Dalbeth N, Kalluru R, Aati O, Horne A, Doyle AJ, McQueen FM. Tendon involvement in the feet of patients with gout: a dual-energy CT study. Ann Rheum Dis 2013; 72:1545-8. [PMID: 23334212 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-202786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the frequency and patterns of monosodium urate (MSU) crystal deposition in tendons and ligaments in patients with gout using dual-energy CT (DECT). METHODS Ninety-two patients with tophaceous gout had DECT scanning of both feet. Two readers scored the DECT scans for MSU crystal deposition at 20 tendon/ligament sites and 42 bone sites (total 1840 tendon/ligament sites and 3864 bone sites). RESULTS MSU crystal deposition was observed by both readers in 199/1840 (10.8%) tendon/ligament sites and in 399/3864 (10.3%) bone sites (p=0.60). The Achilles tendon was the most commonly involved tendon/ligament site (39.1% of all Achilles tendons), followed by the peroneal tendons (18.1%). Tibialis anterior and the extensor tendons were involved less commonly (7.6-10.3%), and the other flexor tendons, plantar fascia and deltoid ligaments were rarely involved (<5%) (p<0.0001 between sites). Involvement of the enthesis alone was more common in the Achilles tendon (OR (95% CI) 74.5 (4.4 to 1264), p<0.0001), as was any involvement of the enthesis (OR (95% CI) 6.8 (3.6 to 13.0), p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Tendons are commonly affected by MSU crystal deposition in patients with tophaceous gout. The patterns of MSU crystal deposition suggest that biomechanical strain or other local factors may contribute to deposition of MSU crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Dalbeth
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Imaging has the potential to assess various pathological manifestations of gout, including monosodium urate (MSU) crystal deposition, tophus formation and cartilage, soft tissue, and bone pathology. This review discusses recent research examining the role of imaging to assess the manifestations of disease. RECENT FINDINGS Various imaging techniques are used in the assessment of gout, including plain radiography, ultrasonography, conventional computed tomography (CT), dual energy computed tomography (DECT), and MRI. Potential roles for ultrasonography are MSU crystal detection, measurement of tophi, and assessment of disease complications. Ultrasonography may allow detection of MSU crystals in patients with hyperuricaemia, prior to development of clinically apparent gout. Conventional CT allows excellent visualization of tophi and bone erosion. DECT is a promising method of noninvasive MSU crystal detection. MRI allows assessment of tophi, synovial and soft tissue disease, and bone pathology. The relative absence of MRI bone marrow oedema in gout suggests that the mechanisms of bone erosion in gout are quite different from those in other erosive arthropathies. SUMMARY Imaging modalities have provided important insights into the pathology of gout. The role of various imaging techniques in gout diagnosis, monitoring, and prediction of outcome is rapidly developing.
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Dalbeth N, Milligan A, Doyle AJ, Clark B, McQueen FM. Characterization of new bone formation in gout: a quantitative site-by-site analysis using plain radiography and computed tomography. Arthritis Res Ther 2012; 14:R165. [PMID: 22794662 PMCID: PMC3580558 DOI: 10.1186/ar3913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Radiographic descriptions of gout have noted the tendency to hypertrophic bone changes. The aim of this study was to characterize the features of new bone formation (NBF) in gout, and to determine the relationship between NBF and other radiographic features of disease, particularly erosion and tophus. METHODS Paired plain radiographs (XR) and computed tomography (CT) scans of 798 individual hand and wrist joints from 20 patients with gout were analyzed. Following a structured review of a separate set of images, films were scored for the presence of the following features of NBF: spur, osteophyte, periosteal NBF, ankylosis and sclerosis. The relationship between NBF and other radiographic features was analyzed. RESULTS The most frequent forms of NBF were bone sclerosis and osteophyte. Spur and periosteal NBF were less common, and ankylosis was rare. On both XR and CT, joints with bone erosion were more likely to have NBF; for CT, if erosion was present, the odds ratios (OR) was 45.1 for spur, 3.3 for osteophyte, 16.6 for periosteal NBF, 26.6 for ankylosis and 32.3 for sclerosis, P for all < 0.01. Similarly, on CT, joints with intraosseous tophus were more likely to have NBF; if tophus was present, the OR was 48.4 for spur, 3.3 for osteophyte, 14.5 for periosteal NBF, 35.1 for ankylosis and 39.1 for sclerosis; P for all < 0.001. CONCLUSIONS This detailed quantitative analysis has demonstrated that NBF occurs more frequently in joints affected by other features of gout. This work suggests a connection between bone loss, tophus, and formation of new bone during the process of joint remodelling in gout.
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DALBETH NICOLA, McQUEEN FIONAM. Clarification of the Modified Radiographic Damage Scoring Method for Gout. J Rheumatol 2012; 39:874; author reply 874. [DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.111163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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McQueen FM, Chhana A, Dalbeth N. Mechanisms of joint damage in gout: evidence from cellular and imaging studies. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2012; 8:173-81. [DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2011.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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McQueen FM, Doyle A, Dalbeth N. Imaging in gout--what can we learn from MRI, CT, DECT and US? Arthritis Res Ther 2011; 13:246. [PMID: 22085684 PMCID: PMC3334625 DOI: 10.1186/ar3489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There are many exciting new applications for advanced imaging in gout. These modalities employ multiplanar imaging and allow computerized three-dimensional rendering of bone and joints (including tophi) and have the advantage of electronic data storage for later retrieval. High-resolution computed tomography has been particularly helpful in exploring the pathology of gout by investigating the relationship between bone erosions and tophi. Magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography can image the inflammatory nature of gouty arthropathy, revealing synovial and soft tissue inflammation, and can provide information about the composition and vascularity of tophi. Dual-energy computerized tomography is a new modality that is able to identify tophi by their chemical composition and reveal even small occult tophaceous deposits. All modalities are being investigated for their potential roles in diagnosis and could have important clinical applications in the patient for whom aspiration of monosodium urate crystals from the joint is not possible. Imaging can also provide outcome measures, such as change in tophus volume, for monitoring the response to urate-lowering therapy and this is an important application in the clinical trial setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona M McQueen
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
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