1
|
Şahin R, Sabri Balik M. Does the slope and length of the plantar calcaneal spur affect the clinic? Acta Orthop Belg 2023; 89:146-151. [PMID: 37294999 DOI: 10.52628/89.1.10881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Since some of the patients with plantar calcaneal spur (PCS) do not have pain, we aimed to investigate the effect of the slope and length of the spur on this situation. The length and slope of PCS were measured by examining the radiological images of 50 patients in this prospective study. VAS, AOFAS and FFI scores of the patients were determined. Patients were divided into groups according to PCS length and slope. According to the slope of the spur, the mean AOFAS, FFI and VAS scores were, respectively; 94, 38, 1.3 in below 20 degrees; 80.1, 86.8, 4.8 in 20-30 degrees; and 70.1, 106, 6.7 in above 30 degrees. According to the length of the spur, the mean AOFAS, FFI and VAS scores were respectively; 84.9, 68.2, 3.7 in those with length 0-5 mm; 81.1, 81.7, 4.5 in those with a length of 5-10 mm; and 71.7, 102.5, 6.4 in those with a length of >10 mm. A significant correlation was found between the angle and length of the PCS with the values of VAS, AOFAS and FFI (p<0.05). We observed that PCSs with a slope of less than 30 degrees and shorter than 10 mm do not create a serious clinical picture. If there is severe pain and functional impairment in individuals with this characteristic spur, investigation of other possible causes of heel pain must be considered.
Collapse
|
2
|
Mei Q, Kim HK, Xiang L, Shim V, Wang A, Baker JS, Gu Y, Fernandez J. Toward improved understanding of foot shape, foot posture, and foot biomechanics during running: A narrative review. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1062598. [PMID: 36569759 PMCID: PMC9773215 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1062598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The current narrative review has explored known associations between foot shape, foot posture, and foot conditions during running. The artificial intelligence was found to be a useful metric of foot posture but was less useful in developing and obese individuals. Care should be taken when using the foot posture index to associate pronation with injury risk, and the Achilles tendon and longitudinal arch angles are required to elucidate the risk. The statistical shape modeling (SSM) may derive learnt information from population-based inference and fill in missing data from personalized information. Bone shapes and tissue morphology have been associated with pathology, gender, age, and height and may develop rapid population-specific foot classifiers. Based on this review, future studies are suggested for 1) tracking the internal multi-segmental foot motion and mapping the biplanar 2D motion to 3D shape motion using the SSM; 2) implementing multivariate machine learning or convolutional neural network to address nonlinear correlations in foot mechanics with shape or posture; 3) standardizing wearable data for rapid prediction of instant mechanics, load accumulation, injury risks and adaptation in foot tissue and bones, and correlation with shapes; 4) analyzing dynamic shape and posture via marker-less and real-time techniques under real-life scenarios for precise evaluation of clinical foot conditions and performance-fit footwear development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qichang Mei
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China,Research Academy of Grand Health, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China,Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand,*Correspondence: Qichang Mei, , ; Yaodong Gu, ,
| | - Hyun Kyung Kim
- School of Kinesiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Liangliang Xiang
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China,Research Academy of Grand Health, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China,Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Vickie Shim
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alan Wang
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Julien S. Baker
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China,Research Academy of Grand Health, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China,Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand,*Correspondence: Qichang Mei, , ; Yaodong Gu, ,
| | - Justin Fernandez
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China,Research Academy of Grand Health, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China,Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand,Department of Engineering Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Applewhite AI, Pujalte GGA, Denay K, Odom MJ, Arizpe A, Albano-Aluquin S, Kinaszczuk AM, Aiyer A. Foot evaluation via telephone and video virtual medical visits. Musculoskeletal Care 2022; 20:772-783. [PMID: 35524702 DOI: 10.1002/msc.1642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telemedicine plays a very important role in our society by allowing providers to treat patients who do not have easy access to a healthcare facility, especially in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic. OBJECTIVE We aimed to create an extensive, yet concise guide for medical providers to virtually evaluate patients with foot concerns. METHODS This article outlines how to conduct a well-planned virtual consultation with specific questions, instructions, and examination manoeuvres to navigate musculoskeletal foot problems. CONCLUSION With this narrative review, we have provided a guide with suggestions, questions and interpretations of answers to help physicians new to the practice of telemedicine have successful virtual encounters with patients suffering from foot musculoskeletal ailments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - George G A Pujalte
- Department of Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.,Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Keri Denay
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Mitchell J Odom
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Azael Arizpe
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Shirley Albano-Aluquin
- Department of Rheumatology, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anja M Kinaszczuk
- Department of Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Amiethab Aiyer
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chang AH, Rasmussen SZ, Jensen AE, Sørensen T, Rathleff MS. What do we actually know about a common cause of plantar heel pain? A scoping review of heel fat pad syndrome. J Foot Ankle Res 2022; 15:60. [PMID: 35974398 PMCID: PMC9380282 DOI: 10.1186/s13047-022-00568-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The heel fat pad is an important structure of the foot as it functions as a cushion to absorb shock and distribute plantar force during ambulation. Clinical practice guidelines or decision support platforms emphasize that heel fat pad syndrome (HFPS) is a distinct pathology contributing to plantar heel pain. We aimed to identify and synthesize the prevalence, etiology and diagnostic criteria, and conservative management of HFPS. Methods A comprehensive search was conducted in May 2021 and updated in April 2022, using MEDLINE, Scopus, Cinahl, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, SPORTDiscus, and PEDro and ClinicalTrials.gov and the World Health Organization's International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) for pertinent registrations. We included all study types and designs describing the prevalence; etiology and diagnostic criteria; and non-pharmacological, non-surgical interventions for HFPS. Results We found a small body of original research for HFPS (n = 7). Many excluded full-text articles were expert-opinion articles or studies of heel fat pad in participants with plantar fasciitis/fasciopathy or unspecified heel pain. HFPS may be the second leading cause of plantar heel pain, based on two studies. A number of differentiating pain characteristics and behaviors may aid in diagnosing HFPS vs. plantar fasciopathy. Thinning heel fat pad confirmed by ultrasonography may provide imaging corroboration. Randomized controlled trials assessing the efficacy of viscoelastic heel cups or arch taping for managing HFPS do not exist. Conclusions The research literature for HFPS is sparse and sometimes lacking scientific rigor. We have identified a substantial knowledge gap for this condition, frequent inattention to distinguishing HFPS from plantar fasciopathy when describing plantar heel pain, and an absence of robust clinical trials to support the commonly recommended conservative management of HFPS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alison H Chang
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark. .,Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 645 N. Michigan Ave. #1100, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Steven Zartov Rasmussen
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Asger Emil Jensen
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Thomas Sørensen
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Physio- and Occupational Therapy, Lillebaelt Hospital - University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Michael Skovdal Rathleff
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.,Center for General Practice at Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Molyneux P, Bowen C, Ellis R, Rome K, Jackson A, Carroll M. Ultrasound Imaging Acquisition Procedures for Evaluating the First Metatarsophalangeal Joint: A Scoping Review. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2022; 48:397-405. [PMID: 34969521 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2021.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this scoping review was to investigate ultrasound imaging (USI) acquisition procedures and guidelines used to assess the first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ). MEDLINE, CINAHL, AMED and SPORTDiscus were systematically searched in May 2021. Studies were included if they used grey-scale USI or power Doppler and reported a USI procedure to assess the first MTPJ. Screening and data extraction were performed by two independent assessors. The scoping review was reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR). A total of 403 citations were identified for screening, with 36 articles included in the final analysis. There was wide variation in USI acquisition procedures used to evaluate the first MTPJ. Inconsistencies in reporting may be attributable to the number of elements the USI acquisition procedure encompasses, which include the model of the USI device, the type of transducer, USI modalities and settings, patient position, transducer orientation, surfaces scanned and the scanning technique used. The review found inconsistencies against international guidelines and limited implementation of consensus-based recommendations to guide image acquisition. Current guidelines require further refinement of anatomical reference points to establish a standardised USI acquisition procedure, subsequently improving interpretability and reproducibility between USI studies that evaluate the first MTPJ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prue Molyneux
- School of Clinical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Northcote, Auckland, New Zealand; Active Living and Rehabilitation: Aotearoa New Zealand, Health and Rehabilitation Research Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Northcote, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Catherine Bowen
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Versus Arthritis, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Richard Ellis
- School of Clinical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Northcote, Auckland, New Zealand; Active Living and Rehabilitation: Aotearoa New Zealand, Health and Rehabilitation Research Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Northcote, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Keith Rome
- School of Clinical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Northcote, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Aaron Jackson
- School of Clinical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Northcote, Auckland, New Zealand; Active Living and Rehabilitation: Aotearoa New Zealand, Health and Rehabilitation Research Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Northcote, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Matthew Carroll
- School of Clinical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Northcote, Auckland, New Zealand; Active Living and Rehabilitation: Aotearoa New Zealand, Health and Rehabilitation Research Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Northcote, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Perry TA, Dando C, Spector TD, Hart DJ, Bowen C, Arden N. Effect of Heeled Shoes on Joint Symptoms and Knee Osteoarthritis in Older Adults: A 5-Year Follow-Up Study. ACR Open Rheumatol 2021; 3:614-621. [PMID: 34288584 PMCID: PMC8449034 DOI: 10.1002/acr2.11298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our aims were to examine the effects of heeled shoes on incident knee osteoarthritis (OA) and joint pain. METHODS We used longitudinal data from the Chingford 1000 Women Study (Chingford Study), a prospective cohort of women aged 50 years or older. Participants with musculoskeletal disorders and/or a history of knee-related injury/surgery were excluded. Participants were followed for up to 5 years for incident outcomes including 1) radiographic knee OA (RKOA) and 2) joint pain (feet, knees, hips, and back). Footwear data, including ever worn heels of 2 inches or more and daytime/evening hours (per week) spent wearing heeled shoes over five decades (ages <20 years, 20-30 years, 30-40 years, and >50 years), were available at Year 10 whereas knee radiographs and joint symptom data were also collected at Year 15. Cumulative time spent wearing heeled shoes was calculated for women reporting ever-use of heeled shoes (≥2 inches). Multiple logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between exposures and outcomes (from Year 10 to Year 15). RESULTS A total of 356 women were eligible at Year 10 with a median (interquartile range) age of 60 (56-65) years. Compared with non-use, ever-use of heeled shoes (≥2 inches) was not associated with incident RKOA (1.35; 95% confidence interval: 0.56-3.27). No associations were observed between increasing cumulative time spent wearing heels and incident outcomes. CONCLUSION Compared with the non-use of heeled shoes, ever-use of heels (≥2 inches) was not associated with incident RKOA and incident joint symptoms. Further, increasing cumulative time spent wearing heels was not associated with any of our outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Nigel Arden
- University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, and University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cho H, Heijnen MJH, Craig BA, Rietdyk S. Falls in young adults: The effect of sex, physical activity, and prescription medications. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250360. [PMID: 33886646 PMCID: PMC8061998 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Falls are a major public health issue not only for older adults but also young adults, with fall-related injuries occurring more frequently in adult females than males. However, the sex differences in the frequency and circumstances of falls in young adults are understudied. This research quantified the frequency and circumstances of falls as a function of sex, physical activity, and prescription medications in young adults. For 16 weeks, young adult participants (N = 325; 89 males; 19.9±1.1 years) responded to a daily email asking if they had slipped, tripped, or fallen in the past 24 hours. Falls and fall-related injuries were not uncommon in young adults: 48% fell at least once, 25% fell more than once, and 10% reported an injury. The most common activities at the time of the fall for females were walking (44%) and sports (33%), and for males, sports (49%) and walking (37%). A zero-inflated Poisson model revealed that higher number of falls were associated with the following: higher levels of physical activity (p = 0.025), higher numbers of medications (p<0.0001), and being male (p = 0.008). Regarding circumstances of falling, females were more likely to be talking to a friend at the time of the fall (OR (95% CI): 0.35 (0.14–0.73); p = 0.01). For slips and trips without a fall, males and females reported the same number of slips (OR (95% CI): 0.885 (0.638–1.227) p = 0.46), but females reported more trips (OR (95% CI): 0.45 (0.30–0.67); p<0.01). Only females reported serious injuries such as concussion and fracture. In conclusion, the rate of falls in young adults was affected by physical activity levels, number of medications, and sex. Quantifying and understanding these differences leads to increased knowledge of falls across the lifespan and is instrumental in developing interventions to prevent falls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- HyeYoung Cho
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
- Center for Aging and the Life Course, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Michel J. H. Heijnen
- School of Health and Applied Human Sciences, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, United States of America
| | - Bruce A. Craig
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Shirley Rietdyk
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
- Center for Aging and the Life Course, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dueñas L, Arnal-Gómez A, Aparicio I, Balasch-Bernat M, López-Bueno L, González JC, Solves-Camallonga C, Alcántara E. Influence of age, gender and obesity on pressure discomfort threshold of the foot: A cross-sectional study. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2021; 82:105252. [PMID: 33497989 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2020.105252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Foot pain is a highly prevalent health problem for which measures such as a pattern of Pressure Discomfort Threshold of the foot plantar surface can provide valuable information for orthosis design. This study aimed to describe such pattern as a tool for the assessment of painful conditions of the feet and to analyse how it modifies according to age, gender and obesity. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed with participants allocated in: Group 1 people aged 20 to 35 years, Group 2 aged 50 to 65 years and Group 3 aged over 65. Pressure Discomfort Threshold on twelve points of the foot plantar surface was measured with an adapted manual dynamometer. Inferential analyses of the data were performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) considering foot areas, age group, gender and obesity. FINDINGS 36 participants were analysed. The pattern of Pressure Discomfort Threshold for all individuals showed a significantly higher threshold on the heel and external foot (P < 0.001, η2 = 0.124) and was statistical significantly influenced by age (P < 0.001, η2 = 0.17), especially in participants aged over 65; by gender, with women having higher values (P < 0.001, η2 = 0.13), and by obesity (P < 0.001, η2 = 0.19). INTERPRETATION A Pressure Discomfort Threshold pattern exists in the foot plantar surface. The characteristics of the discomfort pattern of the foot and its association with aging, gender and obesity may have considerable implications for orthosis and footwear design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Dueñas
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; "Physiotherapy in Motion, Multi-specialty Research Group" (PTinMOTION), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - A Arnal-Gómez
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Research Unit in Clinical Biomechanics (UBIC Research Group), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - I Aparicio
- Department of Physical Education, Research Group of Sports Biomechanic (GIBD) University of Valencia, Spain.
| | - M Balasch-Bernat
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; "Physiotherapy in Motion, Multi-specialty Research Group" (PTinMOTION), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - L López-Bueno
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - J C González
- Instituto de Biomécanica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | | | - E Alcántara
- Instituto de Biomécanica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chean CS, Lingham A, Rathod-Mistry T, Thomas MJ, Marshall M, Menz HB, Roddy E. Identification of patterns of foot and ankle pain in the community: Cross-sectional findings from the clinical assessment study of the foot. Musculoskeletal Care 2020; 19:9-19. [PMID: 32996230 DOI: 10.1002/msc.1502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate patterns of foot and ankle pain locations and symptoms, socio-demographic and comorbid characteristics to examine whether there are distinct foot and ankle pain phenotypes. METHODS Adults aged ≥50 years registered with four general practices in North Staffordshire were mailed a Health Survey questionnaire. Participants reporting foot pain in the last month indicated foot pain location on a foot manikin. Foot and ankle pain patterns were investigated by latent class analysis. Associations between the classes with foot pain symptoms, socio-demographic and comorbid characteristics were assessed. RESULTS Four thousand four hundred fifty-five participants with complete foot pain and manikin data were included in this analysis (mean age 65 years [SD 9.8], 49% male). Of those with foot and ankle pain (n = 1356), 90% had pain in more than one region. Six distinct classes of foot and ankle pain were identified: no pain (71%), bilateral forefoot/midfoot pain (4%), bilateral hindfoot pain (5%), left forefoot/midfoot pain (8%), right forefoot/midfoot pain (5%) and bilateral widespread foot and ankle pain (6%). People with bilateral widespread foot and ankle pain were more likely to be female, obese, depressed, anxious, have/had a manual occupation, have comorbidities, lower SF-12 scores and greater foot-specific disability. Age did not differ between classes. CONCLUSIONS Six distinct classes of foot and ankle pain locations were identified, and those with bilateral widespread foot and ankle pain had distinct characteristics. Further investigation of these individuals is required to determine if they have poorer outcomes over time and whether they would benefit from earlier identification and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chung Shen Chean
- Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, School of Primary, Community and Social Care, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Aranghan Lingham
- Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, School of Primary, Community and Social Care, Keele University, Keele, UK.,East Kent Hospitals NHS Trust, William Harvey Hospital, Ashford, UK
| | - Trishna Rathod-Mistry
- Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, School of Primary, Community and Social Care, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Martin J Thomas
- Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, School of Primary, Community and Social Care, Keele University, Keele, UK.,Haywood Academic Rheumatology Centre, Midlands Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Haywood Hospital, Burslem, UK
| | - Michelle Marshall
- Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, School of Primary, Community and Social Care, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Hylton B Menz
- Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, School of Primary, Community and Social Care, Keele University, Keele, UK.,School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Edward Roddy
- Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, School of Primary, Community and Social Care, Keele University, Keele, UK.,Haywood Academic Rheumatology Centre, Midlands Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Haywood Hospital, Burslem, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fu K, Metcalf BR, Bennell KL, Zhang Y, Gross KD, Mills K, Deveza LA, Robbins SR, Hunter DJ. Is Heel Height Associated with Pain Exacerbations in Hip Osteoarthritis Patients?-Results from a Case-Crossover Study. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9061872. [PMID: 32560086 PMCID: PMC7356907 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiology of osteoarthritis (OA) pain exacerbations is not well understood. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the association of heel height and duration of wearing shoes with higher heels with pain exacerbations in people with hip OA. Eligible participants with symptomatic hip OA were instructed to complete online questionnaires every 10 days over a 90-day follow-up period. They were required to complete the questionnaire whenever they were experiencing hip pain exacerbation. Of 252 participants recruited, 137 (54.4%) contributed both case and control period data, and were included in the analysis. Wearing shoes with a heel height ≥ 2.5 cm during the past 24 h was associated with lower odds of pain exacerbations (OR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.30 to 0.99). A longer duration (>6 h) of wearing shoes with heel height ≥ 2.5 cm was also associated with a lower risk of hip pain exacerbations (p for linear trend = 0.003). Wearing shoes with heel height ≥ 2.5 cm and longer duration in the past 24 h may be protective against hip pain exacerbations in people with symptomatic hip OA. Given the observational study nature, it would be prudent for this to be replicated in an independent data set.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Fu
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; (L.A.D.); (S.R.R.); (D.J.H.)
- Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital and Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-468476117; Fax: +61-2-9463-1077
| | - Ben R. Metcalf
- Centre for Health, Exercise and Sports Medicine, Department of Physiotherapy, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3053, Australia; (B.R.M.); (K.L.B.)
| | - Kim L. Bennell
- Centre for Health, Exercise and Sports Medicine, Department of Physiotherapy, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3053, Australia; (B.R.M.); (K.L.B.)
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - K. Douglas Gross
- Department of Physical Therapy, MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA 02129, USA;
| | - Kathryn Mills
- Department of Health Professions, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia;
| | - Leticia A. Deveza
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; (L.A.D.); (S.R.R.); (D.J.H.)
| | - Sarah R. Robbins
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; (L.A.D.); (S.R.R.); (D.J.H.)
- Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital and Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - David J. Hunter
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; (L.A.D.); (S.R.R.); (D.J.H.)
- Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital and Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sotrate Gonçalves J, de Oliveira Sato T. Factors associated with musculoskeletal symptoms and heart rate variability among cleaners - cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:774. [PMID: 32448172 PMCID: PMC7247127 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08928-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The professionals who perform cleaning activity constitute a major economic sector in Brazil. Cleaners may develop health problems related to the musculoskeletal and cardiovascular systems. It is necessary to understand the working and health conditions of cleaners in Brazil. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify factors associated with musculoskeletal symptoms and heart rate variability (HRV) among cleaners. METHODS A cross-sectional study conducted at a public higher education institution with 45 outsourced cleaners following approval from the institutional ethics committee. The participants answered a questionnaire addressing sociodemographic, occupational and health data, the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, the Physical Activity Questionnaire (work and leisure) and the short version of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire. Clinical data (height, body mass, waist-to-hip ratio and blood pressure) and heart rate variability (HRV) were also collected. Logistic and linear regression models were created to identify factors associated with symptoms and HRV. RESULTS The sample consisted of women (100%) predominantly older than 50 years of age (44%), without a conjugal life (64%), with three or more children (59%), low educational level (58%) and who worked less than 12 months at the company (87%). Systemic arterial hypertension (23%) was the most reported health problem. The highest frequency of musculoskeletal symptoms was identified in the lower limbs (ankles/feet: 31% in the previous 12 months and 24% in the previous 7 days; knees: 31% in the previous 12 months and 20% in the previous 7 days). Moreover, the workers reported not practicing physical activity during leisure time (84%). Psychosocial aspects indicated health risks for the dimensions "influence at work" (74%), "burnout" (59%) and "stress" (52%). Associations were found between ankle/foot symptoms and body mass index, shoulder symptoms and predictability, and knee symptoms and self-rated health and burnout. HRV indices were associated with age. CONCLUSIONS This study outlined the profile of female cleaners and identified risk factors. The workers exhibited musculoskeletal symptoms, which were associated with the body mass index and some psychosocial factors. HRV indices were associated with age. Thus, health promotion and prevention measures should be taken to benefit this population of workers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josiane Sotrate Gonçalves
- Physical Therapy Department, Laboratory of Preventive Physical Therapy and Ergonomics (LAFIPE), Physical Therapy Postgraduate Program, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, Monjolinho, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Tatiana de Oliveira Sato
- Physical Therapy Department, Laboratory of Preventive Physical Therapy and Ergonomics (LAFIPE), Physical Therapy Postgraduate Program, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, Monjolinho, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kasović M, Štefan L, Zvonař M. More Time Spent in Sedentary Behaviors is Associated with Higher Plantar Pressures in Older Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17062089. [PMID: 32245230 PMCID: PMC7142411 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17062089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Although obesity has been consistently correlated with higher plantar pressure during the lifespan, to date little evidence has been provided regarding of how domain-specific and total sedentary behaviors may be correlated with plantar pressures. Moreover, high peak plantar pressures have been consistently associated with foot pain and discomfort, which prevent individuals from being physically active. Therefore, the main purpose of the study was to explore the correlations between time spent in sedentary behaviors and plantar pressures. Methods: We recruited 120 older women aged ≥60 years. To assess the time spent in different domains of sedentary behavior, we used the Measure of Older Adults' Sedentary Time (MOST) questionnaire. Peak pressures beneath forefoot, midfoot and hindfoot were measured with a Zebris pressure platform. Results: In the unadjusted model, peak pressures were significantly correlated with almost all domain-specific sedentary behaviors (r = 0.15-0.41). Total time spent in sedentary behaviors was significantly correlated with forefoot (r = 0.40, p < 0.001), hindfoot (r = 0.31, p < 0.001) and total peak plantar pressure (r = 0.40, p < 0.001). In a model adjusted for age, the risk of falls, foot pain and gait velocity, similar significant correlations between sedentary behaviors and plantar pressures remained. Conclusions: Our study shows moderate correlation between domain-specific and total time spent in sedentary behaviors and plantar pressure beneath different foot regions in a sample of older women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Kasović
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Department of General and Applied Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Faculty of Sports Studies, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Lovro Štefan
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Department of General and Applied Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-098-9177-060
| | - Martin Zvonař
- Faculty of Sports Studies, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Footprint Curvature in Spanish Women: Implications for Footwear Fit. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17061876. [PMID: 32183182 PMCID: PMC7142565 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17061876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The incorrect adjustment of footwear produces alterations in the foot that affect quality of life. The usual measurements for shoe design are lengths, widths and girths, but these measures are insufficient. The foot presents an angle between the forefoot and the rearfoot in the transverse plane, which is associated with foot pronation, hallux valgus and metatarsus adductus. Here, we aimed at identifying the groups formed by the angulations between the forefoot and rearfoot using a sample of footprints from 102 Spanish women. The angle between the forefoot and rearfoot was measured according to the method described by Bunch. A cluster analysis was performed using the K-means algorithm. Footprints were grouped into three types: curved, semi-curved and straight, according to the degrees of angulation between the forefoot and rearfoot. There is great variability in the morphology of the foot. Based on our findings, to achieve a better footwear fit, we propose the manufacture of three types of lasts with different curvatures.
Collapse
|
14
|
Arbeeva L, Yau M, Mitchell BD, Jackson RD, Ryan K, Golightly YM, Hannan MT, Nelson A, Jordan JM, Hochberg MC. Genome-wide meta-analysis identified novel variant associated with hallux valgus in Caucasians. J Foot Ankle Res 2020; 13:11. [PMID: 32131869 PMCID: PMC7057609 DOI: 10.1186/s13047-020-0379-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hallux valgus, one of the most common structural foot deformities, is highly heritable. However, previous efforts to elucidate the genetic underpinnings of hallux valgus through a genome-wide association study (GWAS) conducted in 4409 Caucasians did not identify genome-wide significant associations with hallux valgus in both gender-specific and sex-combined GWAS meta-analyses. In this analysis, we add newly available data and more densely imputed genotypes to identify novel genetic variants associated with hallux valgus. METHODS A total of 5925 individuals of European Ancestry were categorized into two groups: 'hallux valgus present' (n = 2314) or 'no deformity' (n = 3611) as determined by trained examiners or using the Manchester grading scale. Genotyping was performed using commercially available arrays followed by imputation to the Haplotype Reference Consortium (HRC) reference panel version 1.1. We conducted both sex-specific and sex-combined association analyses using logistic regression and generalized estimating equations as appropriate in each cohort. Results were then combined in a fixed-effects inverse-variance meta-analyses. Functional Mapping and Annotation web-based platform (FUMA) was used for positional mapping, gene and gene-set analyses. RESULTS We identified a novel locus in the intronic region of CLCA2 on chromosome 1, rs55807512 (OR = 0.48, p = 2.96E-09), an expression quantitative trait locus for COL24A1, a member of the collagen gene family. CONCLUSION In this report of the largest GWAS of hallux valgus to date, we identified a novel genome-wide significant locus for hallux valgus. Additional replication and functional follow-up will be needed to determine the functional role of this locus in hallux valgus biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liubov Arbeeva
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, 3300 Thurston Building, Campus Box #7280, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7280, USA.
| | - Michelle Yau
- Hebrew SeniorLife Marcus Institute for Aging Research and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Braxton D Mitchell
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rebecca D Jackson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kathleen Ryan
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yvonne M Golightly
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, 3300 Thurston Building, Campus Box #7280, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7280, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Division of Physical Therapy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Marian T Hannan
- Hebrew SeniorLife Marcus Institute for Aging Research and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amanda Nelson
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, 3300 Thurston Building, Campus Box #7280, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7280, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Joanne M Jordan
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, 3300 Thurston Building, Campus Box #7280, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7280, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Orthopedics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Marc C Hochberg
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gates LS, Arden NK, Hannan MT, Roddy E, Gill TK, Hill CL, Dufour AB, Rathod-Mistry T, Thomas MJ, Menz HB, Bowen CJ, Golightly YM. Prevalence of Foot Pain Across an International Consortium of Population-Based Cohorts. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2020; 71:661-670. [PMID: 30592547 PMCID: PMC6483849 DOI: 10.1002/acr.23829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective Despite the potential burden of foot pain, some of the most fundamental epidemiologic questions surrounding the foot remain poorly explored. The prevalence of foot pain has proven to be difficult to compare across existing studies due to variations in case definitions. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of foot pain in several international population‐based cohorts using original data and to explore differences in the case definitions used. Methods Foot pain variables were examined in 5 cohorts: the Chingford 1000 Women Study, the Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project, the Framingham Foot Study, the Clinical Assessment Study of the Foot, and the North West Adelaide Health Study. One question about foot pain was chosen from each cohort based on its similarity to the American College of Rheumatology pain question. Results The precise definition of foot pain varied between the cohorts. The prevalence of foot pain ranged from 13% to 36% and was lowest in the cohort in which the case definition specific to pain was used, compared to the 4 remaining cohorts in which a definition included components of pain, aching, or stiffness. Foot pain was generally more prevalent in women and obese individuals and generally increased with age, with the prevalence being much lower in younger participants (ages 20–44 years). Conclusion Foot pain is common and is associated with female sex, older age, and obesity. Estimates of the prevalence of foot pain are likely to be affected by the case definition used. Therefore, in future population studies, the use of consistent measures of data collection must be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucy S Gates
- University of Southampton, Southampton, and University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nigel K Arden
- University of Southampton, Southampton, UK, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, and University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Edward Roddy
- Keele University and Haywood Hospital, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Tiffany K Gill
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Catherine L Hill
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide and The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
McClinton SM, Heiderscheit BC, McPoil TG, Flynn TW. Effectiveness of physical therapy treatment in addition to usual podiatry management of plantar heel pain: a randomized clinical trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2019; 20:630. [PMID: 31883516 PMCID: PMC6935140 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-019-3009-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many patients will seek care from a podiatrist for plantar heel pain (PHP), while few of these patients will also be seen by a physical therapist. Physical therapists can provide treatment that is not a part of routine podiatric care for PHP and may provide additional improvement. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of interdisciplinary care for PHP that incorporated physical therapy treatment after initiating podiatric treatment. Methods Eligible individuals with PHP that presented to a podiatrist were randomized to receive usual podiatric care (uPOD) or usual podiatric care plus physical therapy treatment (uPOD+PT). The primary outcome was change in foot and ankle ability measure (FAAM) at 6-months. Secondary outcomes included change in numeric pain rating scale (NPRS), patient-reported success, and 6-week and 1-year endpoints. Patient-reported success was defined as the top two global rating of change scale rankings. Primary analysis was intention-to-treat (ITT) using analysis by covariance adjusted to baseline scores, and a secondary per-protocol (PP) analysis was performed analyzing only those who completed treatment. Results Ninety-five individuals participated and were included in the ITT analysis, and 79 were included in the PP analysis. For the primary outcome of FAAM change from baseline to 6-months, both groups improved significantly (uPOD+PT: 26.8 [95% CI 21.6, 31.9]; uPOD: (20 [15.6, 24.4]), but there was no between-group difference (4.3 [− 1, 9.6]). For secondary outcomes, the uPOD+PT group demonstrated greater improvement in NPRS at 6 weeks (0.9 [0.3, 1.4]) and 1 year (1.5 [0.6, 2.5]) in the ITT analysis. In the PP analysis, the uPOD+PT group demonstrated greater improvement in FAAM at 6 months (7.7 [2.1, 13.3]) and 1 year (5.5 [0.1, 10.8]), NPRS at 6 weeks (0.9 [0.2, 1.6]), 6 months (1.3 [0.6, 2.1]) and 1 year (1.3 [0.6, 2.1]), and in patient-reported success (relative risk [95% CI]) at 6 weeks (2.8 [1.1, 7.1]), 6 months (1.5 [1.1, 2.1]), and 1 year (1.5 [1.1, 1.9]). Conclusions There was no significant benefit of uPOD+PT in the primary outcome of FAAM change at 6 months. Secondary outcomes and PP analysis indicated additional benefit of uPOD+PT, mostly observed in individuals who completed treatment. Trial registration Prospectively registered May 24, 2013 at www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01865734).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shane M McClinton
- Doctor of Physical Therapy Program, Des Moines University, 3200 Grand Avenue, Des Moines, IA, USA.
| | - Bryan C Heiderscheit
- Departments of Orthopedics & Rehabilitation and Biomedical Engineering, and Doctor of Physical Therapy Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1636 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Thomas G McPoil
- School of Physical Therapy, Regis University, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Timothy W Flynn
- School of Physical Therapy, South College, Knoxville, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Menz HB, Thomas MJ, Marshall M, Rathod-Mistry T, Hall A, Chesterton LS, Peat GM, Roddy E. Coexistence of plantar calcaneal spurs and plantar fascial thickening in individuals with plantar heel pain. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2019; 58:237-245. [PMID: 30204912 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/key266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To examine associations between plantar calcaneal spurs, plantar fascia thickening and plantar heel pain (PHP), and to determine whether tenderness on palpation of the heel differentiates between these presentations. Methods Adults aged ⩾50 years registered with four general practices were mailed a Health Survey. Responders reporting foot pain within the last 12 months underwent a detailed clinical assessment. PHP in the past month was documented using a foot manikin. Plantar calcaneal spurs were identified from weight-bearing lateral radiographs and plantar fascia thickening (defined as >4 mm) from ultrasound. Tenderness on palpation of the plantar fascia insertion was documented. Associations between these factors and PHP were explored using generalized estimating equations. Results Clinical and radiographic data were available from 530 participants (296 women, mean [s.d.] age 64.9 [8.4] years), 117 (22.1%) of whom reported PHP. Plantar calcaneal spurs and plantar fascia thickening were identified in 281 (26.5%) and 501 (47.3%) feet, respectively, but frequently coexisted (n = 217, 20.4%). Isolated plantar calcaneal spurs were rare (n = 64, 6.0%). Participants with PHP were more likely to have a combination of these features compared with those without PHP (odds ratio 2.16, 95% CI 1.24, 3.77, P = 0.007). Tenderness on palpation of the heel was not associated with plantar calcaneal spurs or plantar fascia thickening, either in isolation or in combination, in those with PHP. Conclusion Plantar calcaneal spurs and plantar fascial thickening are associated with PHP, but frequently coexist. Tenderness on palpation of the heel does not appear to differentiate between clinical presentations of PHP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hylton B Menz
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, UK.,School of Allied Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Martin J Thomas
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, UK.,Haywood Academic Rheumatology Centre, Midlands Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Haywood Hospital, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Michelle Marshall
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Trishna Rathod-Mistry
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Alison Hall
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Linda S Chesterton
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - George M Peat
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Edward Roddy
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, UK.,Haywood Academic Rheumatology Centre, Midlands Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Haywood Hospital, Staffordshire, UK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Thomas MJ, Whittle R, Menz HB, Rathod-Mistry T, Marshall M, Roddy E. Plantar heel pain in middle-aged and older adults: population prevalence, associations with health status and lifestyle factors, and frequency of healthcare use. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2019; 20:337. [PMID: 31325954 PMCID: PMC6642587 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-019-2718-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The objectives of this study were to estimate the population prevalence and distribution of plantar heel pain in mid-to-older age groups, examine associations with selected health status and lifestyle factors, and report the frequency of healthcare use. Methods Adults aged ≥50 years registered with four general practices were mailed a health survey (n = 5109 responders). Plantar heel pain in the last month was defined by self-reported shading on a foot manikin, and was defined as disabling if at least one of the function items of the Manchester Foot Pain and Disability Index were also reported. Population prevalence estimates and associations between plantar heel pain and demographic characteristics, health status measures and lifestyle factors were estimated using multiple imputation and weighted logistic regression. Healthcare professional consultation was summarised as the 12-month period prevalence of foot pain-related consultation. Results The population prevalence of plantar heel pain was 9.6% (95% CI: 8.8, 10.5) and 7.9% (7.1, 8.7) for disabling plantar heel pain. Occurrence was slightly higher in females, comparable across age-groups, and significantly higher in those with intermediate/routine and manual occupations. Plantar heel pain was associated with physical and mental impairment, more anxiety and depression, being overweight, a low previous use of high-heeled footwear, and lower levels of physical activity and participation. The 12-month period prevalence of foot pain-related consultation with a general practitioner, physiotherapist or podiatrist/chiropodist was 43.0, 15.1 and 32.8%, respectively. Conclusions Plantar heel pain is a common, disabling symptom among adults aged 50 years and over. Observed patterns of association indicate that in addition to focused foot-specific management, primary care interventions should also target more general physical and psychological factors that could potentially act as barriers to treatment adherence and recovery. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12891-019-2718-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Thomas
- Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK. .,Haywood Academic Rheumatology Centre, Midlands Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Haywood Hospital, Burslem, Staffordshire, ST6 7AG, UK.
| | - Rebecca Whittle
- Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.,Keele Clinical Trials Unit, David Weatherall Building, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Hylton B Menz
- Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.,Discipline of Podiatry and La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Trishna Rathod-Mistry
- Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.,Keele Clinical Trials Unit, David Weatherall Building, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Michelle Marshall
- Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Edward Roddy
- Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.,Haywood Academic Rheumatology Centre, Midlands Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Haywood Hospital, Burslem, Staffordshire, ST6 7AG, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hamed AMSEA, Zamzam ML, El-Sebaie MA, Ahmed SF. The effects of lateral wedge insoles on primary knee osteoarthritis patients. EGYPTIAN RHEUMATOLOGY AND REHABILITATION 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/err.err_46_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
20
|
Bowen C, Gates L, McQueen P, Daniels M, Delmestri A, Drechsler W, Stephensen D, Doherty M, Arden N. Natural History of Radiographic First Metatarsophalangeal Joint Osteoarthritis: A Nineteen-Year Population-Based Cohort Study. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2019; 72:1224-1230. [PMID: 31233277 PMCID: PMC7496760 DOI: 10.1002/acr.24015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the long-term prevalence, natural history, progression, and incidence of radiographic first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS A longitudinal cohort design was used in which radiographic OA at the first MTP joint was investigated in participants from the Chingford 1,000 Women Study at year 6 (1995) and year 23 (2013-2015). Radiographic features of osteophytes (OPs) and/or joint space narrowing (JSN) at the first MTP joint were scored according to a validated foot atlas. Natural history was determined by the change in prevalence, incidence, progression, and worsening of OA in the first MTP joint. RESULTS Complete case-matched foot radiographic data were available for 193 of the women currently enrolled in the study (mean ± SD age 75.7 ± 5.2 years [range 69-90 years]). At the level of the first MTP joint, prevalence of OA at year 6 was 21.76% in the left and 24.35% in the right; at year 23, it was 23.83% in the left and 32.64% in the right. Over the 19-year period, 13.5% of the women developed incident OA in the right first MTP joint and 8.3% in the left. Both progression and worsening of OA were more evident for OPs and in the right first MTP joints. CONCLUSION In this study of the natural history of radiographic first MTP joint OA, which to our knowledge is the longest study to date, the prevalence and incidence of first MTP joint OA increased over a 19-year period. Progression and/or worsening of OA at the first MTP joint over time appears to be driven by OP development rather than JSN, which suggests a biomechanical cause.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucy Gates
- University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nigel Arden
- University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, and University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Footwear fit in schoolchildren of southern Spain: a population study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2019; 20:208. [PMID: 31077163 PMCID: PMC6511213 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-019-2591-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies support the theory that ill-fitting shoes are an important source of pain and may lead to foot malformations in the medium term. Taking as reference the ideal allowance considered in the literature, the purpose of this study was to verify the outdoor footwear fit in a population of schoolchildren of southern Spain. Methods Five hundred and five children within the range of 3–12 years of age participated in this study. Using a measuring instrument designed and validated for this purpose, maximum foot length, width and height were obtained from the longest foot. These measurements were compared with the inner length, width and height of the footwear. An adequate toe allowance of 5–15 mm in length and 10 mm in width were estimated. Results Inner footwear length was shorter than foot length in 33.3% of the schoolchildren. Based on the allowance established, it was observed that the footwear of the schoolchildren was too short and too narrow in 72.5 and 66.7% of the cases, respectively. Conclusions Only one third of the participants analysed had well-fitted footwear. The results show that it is necessary to raise awareness among parents and teachers about the importance of replacing, periodically, the footwear of children in primary education. Manufacturers should adapt the lasts considering the use of 90th percentiles instead of mean values obtained from the growth curves of schoolchildren’s feet.
Collapse
|
22
|
Hendry GJ, Fenocchi L, Woodburn J, Steultjens M. Foot pain and foot health in an educated population of adults: results from the Glasgow Caledonian University Alumni Foot Health Survey. J Foot Ankle Res 2018; 11:48. [PMID: 30140313 PMCID: PMC6098653 DOI: 10.1186/s13047-018-0290-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Foot pain is common amongst the general population and impacts negatively on physical function and quality of life. Associations between personal health characteristics, lifestyle/behaviour factors and foot pain have been studied; however, the role of wider determinants of health on foot pain have received relatively little attention. Objectives of this study are i) to describe foot pain and foot health characteristics in an educated population of adults; ii) to explore associations between moderate-to-severe foot pain and a variety of factors including gender, age, medical conditions/co-morbidity/multi-morbidity, key indicators of general health, foot pathologies, and social determinants of health; and iii) to evaluate associations between moderate-to-severe foot pain and foot function, foot health and health-related quality-of-life. Methods Between February and March 2018, Glasgow Caledonian University Alumni with a working email address were invited to participate in the cross-sectional electronic survey (anonymously) by email via the Glasgow Caledonian University Alumni Office. The survey was constructed using the REDCap secure web online survey application and sought information on presence/absence of moderate-to-severe foot pain, patient characteristics (age, body mass index, socioeconomic status, occupation class, comorbidities, and foot pathologies). Prevalence data were expressed as absolute frequencies and percentages. Multivariate logistic and linear regressions were undertaken to identify associations 1) between independent variables and moderate-to-severe foot pain, and 2) between moderate-to-severe foot pain and foot function, foot health and health-related quality of life. Results Of 50,228 invitations distributed, there were 7707 unique views and 593 valid completions (median age [inter-quartile range] 42 [31–52], 67.3% female) of the survey (7.7% response rate). The sample was comprised predominantly of white Scottish/British (89.4%) working age adults (95%), the majority of whom were overweight or obese (57.9%), and in either full-time or part-time employment (82.5%) as professionals (72.5%). Over two-thirds (68.5%) of the sample were classified in the highest 6 deciles (most affluent) of social deprivation. Moderate-to-severe foot pain affected 236/593 respondents (39.8%). High body mass index, presence of bunions, back pain, rheumatoid arthritis, hip pain and lower occupation class were included in the final multivariate model and all were significantly and independently associated with moderate-to-severe foot pain (p < 0.05), except for rheumatoid arthritis (p = 0.057). Moderate-to-severe foot pain was significantly and independently associated lower foot function, foot health and health-related quality of life scores following adjustment for age, gender and body mass index (p < 0.05). Conclusions Moderate-to-severe foot pain was highly prevalent in a university-educated population and was independently associated with female gender, high body mass index, bunions, back pain, hip pain and lower occupational class. Presence of moderate-to-severe foot pain was associated with worse scores for foot function, foot health and health-related quality-of-life. Education attainment does not appear to be protective against moderate-to-severe foot pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gordon J Hendry
- School of Health & Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow, G4 0BA Scotland, UK
| | - Linda Fenocchi
- School of Health & Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow, G4 0BA Scotland, UK
| | - Jim Woodburn
- School of Health & Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow, G4 0BA Scotland, UK
| | - Martijn Steultjens
- School of Health & Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow, G4 0BA Scotland, UK
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Stewart S, Keys M, Brenton-Rule A, Aiyer A, Dalbeth N, Rome K. Characteristics of footwear worn by people with systemic lupus erythematosus: a comparison with age- and sex-matched healthy controls: a pilot study. J Foot Ankle Res 2018; 11:38. [PMID: 29988975 PMCID: PMC6034330 DOI: 10.1186/s13047-018-0280-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To determine characteristics of footwear worn by people with systematic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods Twenty-two people with SLE and twenty matched healthy controls participated in a cross-sectional study. Objective assessments of footwear included: fit, style, structure, motion control, cushioning, and wear. Footwear was classified as poor, average or good based on a standardised tool. Participants completed 100mm visual analogue scales for foot pain and footwear comfort and suitability. Participants with SLE were asked to indicate which footwear features were important to them using a validated checklist. Results No differences were observed between groups for footwear fit, age, style, heel height, forefoot flexion or cushioning (all P>0.05). Compared to controls, a greater number of participants with SLE wore shoes with worn tread (65% vs. 91%, P=0.041), wore shoes with a lower motion control scale (median: 5.0 vs. 1.0, P=0.003), and rated their footwear as less comfortable (median: 90mm vs. 78mm, P=0.024) and less suitable (median: 88mm vs. 76mm, P=0.030). Participants with SLE experienced greater foot pain than controls (median: 17mm vs. 0mm, P=0.038). Comfort (95%), fit (95%) and style (86%) were identified as the most important footwear features by people with SLE. Conclusions Compared to control participants, people with SLE wear shoes that are more worn and lack motion control. They also report greater foot pain and report their shoes to be less comfortable and suitable. These findings highlight the need for a further focus on the role of footwear in the management of foot problems in people with SLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Stewart
- 1Department of Podiatry, Health & Rehabilitation Research Institute, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142 New Zealand
| | - Monique Keys
- 1Department of Podiatry, Health & Rehabilitation Research Institute, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142 New Zealand
| | - Angela Brenton-Rule
- 1Department of Podiatry, Health & Rehabilitation Research Institute, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142 New Zealand
| | - Ashok Aiyer
- 1Department of Podiatry, Health & Rehabilitation Research Institute, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142 New Zealand
| | - Nicola Dalbeth
- 2Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142 New Zealand.,3Department of Rheumatology, Auckland District Health Board, P.O. Box 92189, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Keith Rome
- 1Department of Podiatry, Health & Rehabilitation Research Institute, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142 New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Barwick AL, van Netten JJ, Reed LF, Lazzarini PA. Independent factors associated with wearing different types of outdoor footwear in a representative inpatient population: a cross-sectional study. J Foot Ankle Res 2018; 11:19. [PMID: 29854004 PMCID: PMC5975543 DOI: 10.1186/s13047-018-0260-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Footwear can have both a positive and negative impact on lower limb health and mobility across the lifespan, influencing the risk of foot pain, ulceration, and falls in those at risk. Choice of footwear can be influenced by disease as well as sociocultural factors, yet few studies have investigated the types of footwear people wear and the profiles of those who wear them. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with outdoor footwear type worn most often in a representative inpatient population. Methods This study was a secondary data analysis of a cohort of 733 inpatients that is highly representative of developed nations’ hospitalised populations; 62 ± 19 years, 55.8% male, and 23.5% diabetes. Socio-demographic, medical history, peripheral arterial disease, peripheral neuropathy, foot deformity, foot ulcer history, amputation history and past foot treatment variables were collected. Participants selected the footwear type they mostly wore outside the house in the previous year from 16 types of footwear. Multivariate logistic regression identified independent factors associated with outdoor footwear types selected. Results The most common outdoor footwear types were: running shoes (20%), thongs/flip flops (14%), walking shoes (14%), sandals (13%) and boots (11%). Several socio-demographic, medical history and foot-related factors were independently associated (Odds Ratio; 95% Confidence Interval)) with different types of footwear. Running shoes were associated with male sex (2.7; 1.8–4.1); thongs with younger age (0.95 for each year; 0.94–0.97), being female (2.0; 1.2–3.1) and socio-economic status (3.1; 1.2–7.6); walking shoes with arthritis (1.9; 1.2–3.0); sandals with female sex (3.8; 2.3–6.2); boots with male sex (9.7; 4.3–21.6) and inner regional (2.6; 1.3–5.1) and remote (3.4; 1.2–9.5) residence (all, p < 0.05). Conclusions We profiled the types of outdoor footwear worn most in a large diverse inpatient population and the factors associated with wearing them. Sex was the most consistent factor associated with outdoor footwear type. Females were more likely to wear thongs and sandals and males boots and running shoes. Overall, this data gives insights into the socio-demographic, medical and other health factors that are related to footwear choice in a large diverse population primarily of older age. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13047-018-0260-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex L Barwick
- 1School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Southern Cross Drive, Bilinga, QLD 4225 Australia
| | - Jaap J van Netten
- 2School of Clinical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD Australia.,3Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD Australia.,4Department of Rehabilitation, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Wound Management Innovation Cooperative Research Centre, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Lloyd F Reed
- 2School of Clinical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD Australia.,3Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Peter A Lazzarini
- 2School of Clinical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD Australia.,3Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD Australia.,Wound Management Innovation Cooperative Research Centre, Brisbane, QLD Australia.,Allied Health Research Collaborative, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
The Relationship between Shoe Fitting and Foot Health of Persons with Down Syndrome: A Case Control Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15050983. [PMID: 29757962 PMCID: PMC5982022 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15050983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Background: Down syndrome is the most common chromosomal abnormality and a cause of intellectual disability. It is also associated with orthopaedic and musculoskeletal problems of the locomotive apparatus, especially of the feet. These problems are believed to have a harmful effect on health, social functioning, and mobility. In addition, these persons generally don’t have access to podiatric health services, even when their foot problems are well known, because of limited access to healthcare facilities. The goal of our research was to evaluate and compare the foot health status of study participants with and without Down syndrome and to determine whether inadequate footwear is being used with normalized reference values. Methods: A total of 105 participants with and without Down syndrome, with a mean age of 35.71 (SD = 12.93) years, were enrolled in the study. They self-reported demographic data and their clinical characteristic data were recorded. Measurements of their foot and shoe fitting were taken at all stages of the research process. Ninety-two percent of the participants with Down syndrome had foot problems. Results: Only 12 (24%) participants with Down syndrome used bilateral shoes that met the requirements of their feet compared to their controls (50 participants, 90.9% for the right foot; 46 participants, 83.6% for the left foot). Participants with Down syndrome presented statistically significant differences with respect to controls and wore incorrectly sized shoe. Conclusions: Evaluation of foot length and width may prevent development of foot deformities, as well as to improve general health.
Collapse
|
26
|
Wagner A, Luna S. Effect of Footwear on Joint Pain and Function in Older Adults With Lower Extremity Osteoarthritis. J Geriatr Phys Ther 2018; 41:85-101. [DOI: 10.1519/jpt.0000000000000108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
27
|
McQueen P, Gates L, Marshall M, Doherty M, Arden N, Bowen C. The effect of variation in interpretation of the La Trobe radiographic foot atlas on the prevalence of foot osteoarthritis in older women: the Chingford general population cohort. J Foot Ankle Res 2017; 10:54. [PMID: 29234466 PMCID: PMC5723087 DOI: 10.1186/s13047-017-0239-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of foot osteoarthritis (OA) is much less understood than hip, knee and hand OA. The foot is anatomically complex and different researchers have investigated different joints with lack of methodological standardisation across studies. The La Trobe Foot Atlas (LFA) is the first to address these issues in providing quantitative assessment of radiographic foot OA, but has not been tested externally. The aim of this study was to evaluate three different interpretive approaches to using the LFA for grading OA when scoring is difficult due to indistinct views of interosseous space and joint contour. Methods Foot radiographs of all remaining participants (n = 218) assessed in the Chingford Women Study 23 year visit (mean (SD) for age: 75.5 years (5.1)) were scored using the LFA defined protocol (Technique 1). Two revised scoring strategies were applied to the radiographs in addition to the standard LFA analyses. Technique 2 categorised joints that were difficult to grade as ‘missing’. Technique 3 included joints that were difficult to grade as an over estimated score. Radiographic OA prevalence was defined for the foot both collectively and separately for individual joints. Results When radiographs were scored using the LFA (Technique 1), radiographic foot OA was present in 89.9%. For Technique 2 the presence of radiographic foot OA was 83.5% and for Technique 3 it was 97.2%. At the individual joint level, using Technique 1, the presence of radiographic foot OA was higher with a wider range (18.3–74.3%) than Technique 2 (17.9–46.3%) and lower with a wider range (18.3–74.3%) than Technique 3 (39.9–79.4%). Conclusion The three different ways of interpreting the LFA scoring system when grading of individual joints is technically difficult and result in very different estimates of foot OA prevalence at both the individual joint and global foot level. Agreement on the best strategy is required to improve comparability between studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter McQueen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus Building 45, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK.,Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Lucy Gates
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus Building 45, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK.,Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michelle Marshall
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Research Institute for Primary Care & Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Michael Doherty
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre and Academic Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Nigel Arden
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Catherine Bowen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus Building 45, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK.,Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Affiliation(s)
- F. Guidozzi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Munteanu SE, Menz HB, Wark JD, Christie JJ, Scurrah KJ, Bui M, Erbas B, Hopper JL, Wluka AE. Hallux Valgus, By Nature or Nurture? A Twin Study. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2017; 69:1421-1428. [DOI: 10.1002/acr.23154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John D. Wark
- University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital; Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Jemma J. Christie
- University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital; Parkville Victoria Australia
| | | | - Minh Bui
- University of Melbourne; Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Bircan Erbas
- La Trobe University; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | | | - Anita E. Wluka
- Monash University and Alfred Hospital; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Awale A, Dufour AB, Katz P, Menz HB, Hannan MT. Link Between Foot Pain Severity and Prevalence of Depressive Symptoms. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2017; 68:871-6. [PMID: 26555319 DOI: 10.1002/acr.22779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Associations between pain and depression are well known, yet foot pain, common in populations, has been understudied. This cross-sectional study examined foot pain and severity of foot pain with depressive symptoms in adults. METHODS Framingham Foot Study (2002-2008) participants completed questionnaires that included questions about foot pain (yes/no; none, mild, moderate, or severe pain) and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (scores ≥16 indicated depressive symptoms). Age and body mass index (BMI) were also assessed. Sex-specific logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for associations of foot pain with depressive symptoms, adjusting for age and BMI. In a subset, further models adjusted for leg pain, back pain, or other joint pain. RESULTS Of 1,464 men and 1,857 women, the mean ± SD age was 66 ± 10 years. Depressive symptoms were reported in 21% of men and 27% of women. Compared to those with no foot pain and independent of age and BMI, both men and women with moderate foot pain had approximately a 2-fold increased odds of depressive symptoms (men with severe foot pain OR of 4 [95% CI 2.26-8.48], women with severe foot pain OR of 3 [95% CI 2.02-4.68]). Considering other pain regions attenuated ORs, but the pattern of results remained unchanged. CONCLUSION Even after we adjusted for age, BMI, and other regions of pain, those reporting worse foot pain were more likely to report depressive symptoms. These findings suggest that foot pain may be a part of a broader pain spectrum, with an impact beyond localized pain and discomfort.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alyssa B Dufour
- Hebrew SeniorLife, Harvard Medical School, and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Marian T Hannan
- Hebrew SeniorLife, Harvard Medical School, and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Brenton-Rule A, Dalbeth N, Menz HB, Bassett S, Rome K. Are Foot and Ankle Characteristics Associated With Falls in People With Rheumatoid Arthritis? A Prospective Study. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2017; 69:1150-1155. [PMID: 27768838 DOI: 10.1002/acr.23131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether foot and ankle characteristics are associated with falls in people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS A total of 201 adults with RA were recruited from rheumatology outpatient clinics in Auckland, New Zealand. Clinical characteristics, common fall risk factors, and foot and ankle variables were measured. Participants were prospectively studied for 12 months to record the occurrence of falls using falls diaries. Logistic regression analysis identified baseline variables that were independent predictors of falls over the 12 months. RESULTS Eighty-four participants (42%) fell at least once and 39 (19%) experienced multiple (>1) falls over the 12-month followup period. In logistic regression analysis, including age and significant baseline variables in bivariate analysis but not baseline fall history, presence of foot or ankle tender joints (odds ratio [OR] 1.95, P = 0.034) and psychotropic medication (OR 2.35, P = 0.025) were independent predictors of prospective falls. However, when baseline fall history was included in the analysis, psychotropic medication (OR 2.34, P = 0.025) and baseline fall history (over the preceding 12 months) (OR 2.27, P = 0.008) were independent predictors of prospective falls. CONCLUSION Foot and ankle characteristics are not associated with falls in people with RA, independent of prior falls. Inquiry about prior falls and psychotropic medications may assist in identifying patients with RA who are at high risk of future falls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sandra Bassett
- Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Keith Rome
- Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Dufour AB, Halpern B, Positano RG, Hillstrom HJ, Hannan MT. Foot Pain in Relation to Ipsilateral and Contralateral Lower-Extremity Pain in a Population-Based Study. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 2017; 107:307-312. [PMID: 28880590 PMCID: PMC7323693 DOI: 10.7547/15-182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical observations note that foot pain can be linked to contralateral pain at the knee or hip, yet we are unaware of any community-based studies that have investigated the sidedness of pain. Because clinic-based patient samples are often different from the general population, the purpose of this study was to determine whether knee or hip pain is more prevalent with contralateral foot pain than with ipsilateral foot pain in a population-based cohort. METHODS Framingham Foot Study participants (2002-2008) with information on foot, knee, and hip pain were included in this cross-sectional analysis. Foot pain was queried as pain, aching, or stiffness on most days. Using a manikin diagram, participants indicated whether they had experienced pain, aching, or stiffness at the hip or knee and specified the side of any reported pain. Sex-specific multinomial logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals for the association of foot pain with knee and hip pain, adjusting for age and body mass index. RESULTS In the 2,181 participants, the mean ± SD age was 64 ± 9 years; 56% were women, and the mean body mass index was 28.6. For men and women, bilateral foot pain was associated with increased odds of knee pain on any side (ORs = 2-3; P < .02). Men with foot pain were more likely to have ipsilateral hip pain (ORs = 2-4; P<.03), whereas women with bilateral foot pain were more likely to have hip pain on any side (OR = 2-3; P < .02). CONCLUSIONS Bilateral foot pain was associated with increased odds of knee and hip pain in men and women. For ipsilateral foot and hip pain, men had a stronger effect compared with women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa B. Dufour
- Hebrew SeniorLife, Institute for Aging Research, Boston, MA; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Rock G. Positano
- Joe DiMaggio Non-surgical Foot and Ankle Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
| | | | - Marian T. Hannan
- Hebrew SeniorLife, Institute for Aging Research, Boston, MA; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Awale A, Hagedorn TJ, Dufour AB, Menz HB, Casey VA, Hannan MT. Foot Function, Foot Pain, and Falls in Older Adults: The Framingham Foot Study. Gerontology 2017; 63:318-324. [PMID: 28482340 DOI: 10.1159/000475710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although foot pain has been linked to fall risk, contributions of pain severity, foot posture, or foot function are unclear. These factors were examined in a cohort of older adults. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the associations of foot pain, severity of foot pain, and measures of foot posture and dynamic foot function with reported falls in a large, well-described cohort of older adults from the Framingham Foot Study. METHODS Foot pain, posture, and function were collected from Framingham Foot Study participants who were queried about falls over the past year (0, 1, and ≥2 falls). Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the relation of falls with foot pain, pain severity, foot posture, and foot function adjusting for covariates. RESULTS The mean age of the 1,375 participants was 69 years; 57% were female, and 21% reported foot pain (40% mild pain, 47% moderate pain, and 13% severe pain). One-third reported falls in the past year (1 fall: n = 263, ≥2 falls: n = 152). Foot pain was associated with a 62% increased odds of recurrent falls. Those with moderate and severe foot pain showed increased odds of ≥2 falls (OR 1.78, CI 1.06-2.99, and OR 3.25, CI 1.65-7.48, respectively) compared to those with no foot pain. Foot function was not associated with falls. Compared to normal foot posture, those with planus foot posture had 78% higher odds of ≥2 falls. CONCLUSION Higher odds of recurrent falls were observed in individuals with foot pain, especially severe foot pain, as well as in individuals with planus foot posture, indicating that both foot pain and foot posture may play a role in increasing the risk of falls among older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arunima Awale
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Hettigama IS, Punchihewa HKG, Heenkenda NK. Ergonomic footwear for Sri Lankan primary schoolchildren: A review of the literature. Work 2017; 55:285-295. [PMID: 27689598 DOI: 10.3233/wor-162415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Foot ailments are common among schoolchildren, some of which may be attributed to wearing ill-fitting footwear. As schoolchildren often participate in athletic activity, they are doubly vulnerable to foot ailments, and are particularly vulnerable to conditions such as hallux valgus, Achilles tendonitis, athlete's foot, corns and calluses. Thus, there is an acute need for the design and manufacture of ergonomic footwear for this target group. While research on appropriate footwear for children has been carried out in relation to child populations in other societies, research on the circumstances of Sri Lankan schoolchildren is lacking. Neither the requisite design know-how nor the information for design is available to footwear manufacturers. OBJECTIVES This review of the literature is aimed at confirming the need for ergonomic footwear from the point of view of the effects of wearing ill-fitting shoes and at identifying the requirements in terms of design information, especially for schoolchildren of the age group five to ten years, to empower footwear manufacturers. METHODS PubMed, Google scholar and Science Direct were used for the literature search. RESULTS 208 publications were read in full, 94 of which are referenced in this review. CONCLUSION The review shows morphological measurements, behavior and activity patterns of schoolchildren and environmental conditions they are exposed to should be determined to formulate design information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I S Hettigama
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka
| | - H K G Punchihewa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka
| | - N K Heenkenda
- Department of Textile and Clothing Technology, University of Moratuwa, Katubedda, Western Province, Sri Lanka
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Gill TK, Menz HB, Landorf KB, Arnold JB, Taylor AW, Hill CL. Identification of Clusters of Foot Pain Location in a Community Sample. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2017; 69:1903-1908. [PMID: 28229556 DOI: 10.1002/acr.23212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify foot pain clusters according to pain location in a community-based sample of the general population. METHODS This study analyzed data from the North West Adelaide Health Study. Data were obtained between 2004 and 2006, using computer-assisted telephone interviewing, clinical assessment, and self-completed questionnaire. The location of foot pain was assessed using a diagram during the clinical assessment. Hierarchical cluster analysis was undertaken to identify foot pain location clusters, which were then compared in relation to demographics, comorbidities, and podiatry services utilization. RESULTS There were 558 participants with foot pain (mean age 54.4 years, 57.5% female). Five clusters were identified: 1 with predominantly arch and ball pain (26.8%), 1 with rearfoot pain (20.9%), 1 with heel pain (13.3%), and 2 with predominantly forefoot, toe, and nail pain (28.3% and 10.7%). Each cluster was distinct in age, sex, and comorbidity profile. Of the two clusters with predominantly forefoot, toe, and nail pain, one of them had a higher proportion of men and those classified as obese, had diabetes mellitus, and used podiatry services (30%), while the other was comprised of a higher proportion of women who were overweight and reported less use of podiatry services (17.5%). CONCLUSION Five clusters of foot pain according to pain location were identified, all with distinct age, sex, and comorbidity profiles. These findings may assist in the identification of individuals at risk for developing foot pain and in the development of targeted preventive strategies and treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany K Gill
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Karl B Landorf
- La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia, and Melbourne Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - John B Arnold
- University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Anne W Taylor
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Catherine L Hill
- The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Utilization of Physical Therapy Intervention Among Patients With Plantar Fasciitis in the United States. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2017; 47:49-55. [PMID: 28142368 DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2017.6999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Study Design Retrospective observational study. Background Plantar fasciitis is responsible for 1 million ambulatory patient care visits annually in the United States. Few studies have investigated practice patterns in the treatment of patients with plantar fasciitis. Objective To assess physical therapist utilization and employment of manual therapy and supervised rehabilitation in the treatment of patients with plantar fasciitis. Methods A retrospective review of the PearlDiver patient record database was used to evaluate physical therapist utilization and use of manual therapy and supervised rehabilitation in patients with plantar fasciitis between 2007 and 2011. An International Classification of Diseases code (728.71) was used to identify plantar fasciitis, and Current Procedural Terminology codes were used to identify evaluations (97001), manual therapy (97140), and rehabilitation services (97110, 97530, 97112). Results A total of 819 963 unique patients diagnosed with plantar fasciitis accounted for 5 739 737 visits from 2007 to 2011, comprising 2.7% of all patients in the database. Only 7.1% (95% confidence interval: 7.0%, 7.1%) of patients received a physical therapist evaluation. Of the 57 800 patients evaluated by a physical therapist (59.8% female), 50 382 (87.2% ± 0.4%) received manual therapy, with significant increases in utilization per annum. A large proportion (89.5% ± 0.4%) received rehabilitation following physical therapist evaluation. Conclusion Despite plantar fasciitis being a frequently occurring musculoskeletal condition, a small proportion of patients with plantar fasciitis were seen by physical therapists. Most patients who were evaluated by a physical therapist received manual therapy and a course of supervised rehabilitation as part of their plan of care. Level of Evidence Treatment, level 2a. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2017;47(2):49-55. doi:10.2519/jospt.2017.6999.
Collapse
|
37
|
Srivastava A, Mishra M, Srivastava V. Prevalence and risk of musculoskeletal pain in rural homemakers of North India. MEDICAL JOURNAL OF DR. D.Y. PATIL UNIVERSITY 2017. [DOI: 10.4103/0975-2870.202092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
38
|
Mohd Said A, Justine M, Manaf H. Plantar Pressure Distribution among Older Persons with Different Types of Foot and Its Correlation with Functional Reach Distance. SCIENTIFICA 2016; 2016:8564020. [PMID: 27980874 PMCID: PMC5131255 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8564020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Background. Changes in biomechanical structures of human foot are common in the older person, which may lead to alteration of foot type and plantar pressure distribution. We aimed to examine how foot type affects the plantar pressure distribution and to determine the relationship between plantar pressure distribution and functional reach distance in older persons. Methods. Fifty community-dwelling older persons (age: 69.98 ± 5.84) were categorized into three groups based on the Foot Posture Index. The plantar pressure (maxP) and contact area were analyzed using Footscan® RSScan platform. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the plantar pressure between foot types and Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to correlate plantar pressure with the functional reach distance. Results. There were significant differences of maxP in the forefoot area across all foot types. The post hoc analysis found significantly lower maxP in the pronated foot compared to the supinated foot. A high linear rank correlation was found between functional reach distance and maxP of the rearfoot region of the supinated foot. Conclusions. These findings suggested that types of the foot affect the plantar maximal pressure in older persons with functional reach distance showing some associations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aisyah Mohd Said
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Maria Justine
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Haidzir Manaf
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ansuategui Echeita J, Hijmans JM, Smits S, Van der Woude LHV, Postema K. Age-related differences in women's foot shape. Maturitas 2016; 94:64-69. [PMID: 27823747 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Describe age-related differences in women's foot shape using a wide range of measurements and ages. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional, observational study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS Six foot-shape measurements of each foot: foot lengths, ball widths, ball circumferences, low instep circumferences, high instep circumferences, and heel instep circumference. RESULTS 168 women from 20 to over 80 years of age, divided into seven age categories, were included. Older women had significantly greater foot-shape measurements, even after adjusting for Body Mass Index. Ball widths increased 3.1-4.0mm per decade, ball circumferences 5.6-7.4mm per decade, high instep circumferences 0.4-4.8mm per decade, and heel instep circumferences 1.8-1.9mm per decade. Ball widths, ball circumferences, and left high instep circumference plateaued in the 70-75 years-of-age category, and decreased in the oldest age category. For low instep circumference, age did not prevail significantly over Body Mass Index. Foot length was not associated with age. CONCLUSION This study described women's progressive foot-shape changes with age. The findings provide a better understanding of foot-shape changes, mainly found in the forefoot. It demonstrates that for a good fit, shoe design for older adults and for younger adults should differ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jone Ansuategui Echeita
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Human Movement Sciences, PO Box 196, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Juha M Hijmans
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, PO Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Sharon Smits
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, PO Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lucas H V Van der Woude
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Human Movement Sciences, PO Box 196, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, PO Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas Postema
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, PO Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Gill TK, Menz HB, Landorf KB, Arnold JB, Taylor AW, Hill CL. Predictors of foot pain in the community: the North West Adelaide health study. J Foot Ankle Res 2016; 9:23. [PMID: 27418949 PMCID: PMC4944307 DOI: 10.1186/s13047-016-0150-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Foot pain has been shown to be prevalent across all age groups. The presence of foot pain may reduce mobility and impact on the ability to undertake activities of daily living. The aim of this study was to determine factors that are predictive of foot pain in a community based sample of the general population. METHODS This study analysed data from the North West Adelaide Health Study, a cohort study located in the northwestern suburbs of Adelaide, South Australia. Data were obtained between 2004-2006 and 2008-2010, using a self-completed questionnaire, computer assisted telephone interviewing, and a clinical assessment. The sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive values of variables were determined and generalised linear models ascertained the variables associated with the highest relative risk of self-reporting foot pain in 2008-2010 based on the data obtained in 2004-2006. RESULTS The prevalence of foot pain in 2004-2006 was 14.9 % (95 % CI 13.6-16.4) and in 2008-2010, 29.9 % (95 % CI 27.5-32.5). Variables with the highest sensitivity were: female sex, ever having back pain, self-reported arthritis, body mass index (BMI) classified as obese and having foot pain in 2004-2006, while most variables demonstrated high specificity. Those with the highest risk of reporting foot pain in 2008-2010 were those with depressive symptoms, self-reported arthritis, high BMI, self-reported upper limb pain and foot pain (in general or in specific regions of the foot) in 2004-2006. CONCLUSION Foot pain is common in the general population and those with the greatest risk of foot pain potentially represent a high level of chronicity and potential burden on the health system. Addressing the factors that predict foot pain, as well as the provision of targeted messages to highlight the importance of managing foot pain, may help reduce the impact on the population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany K. Gill
- />School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Level 7, SAHMRI, North Tce, Adelaide, SA 5000 Australia
| | - Hylton B. Menz
- />School of Allied Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083 Australia
| | - Karl B. Landorf
- />School of Allied Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083 Australia
- />Melbourne Health, Allied Health Department, 300 Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC 3050 Australia
| | - John B. Arnold
- />Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000 Australia
| | - Anne W. Taylor
- />Population Research and Outcome Studies, Discipline of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia
| | - Catherine L. Hill
- />Rheumatology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville Rd, Woodville, SA 5011 Australia
- />School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Rathod T, Marshall M, Thomas MJ, Menz HB, Myers HL, Thomas E, Downes T, Peat G, Roddy E. Investigations of Potential Phenotypes of Foot Osteoarthritis: Cross-Sectional Analysis From the Clinical Assessment Study of the Foot. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2016; 68:217-27. [PMID: 26238801 PMCID: PMC4819686 DOI: 10.1002/acr.22677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the existence of distinct foot osteoarthritis (OA) phenotypes based on pattern of joint involvement and comparative symptom and risk profiles. METHODS Participants ages ≥50 years reporting foot pain in the previous year were drawn from a population-based cohort. Radiographs were scored for OA in the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint, first and second cuneometatarsal, navicular first cuneiform, and talonavicular joints according to a published atlas. Chi-square tests established clustering, and odds ratios (ORs) examined symmetry and pairwise associations of radiographic OA in the feet. Distinct underlying classes of foot OA were investigated by latent class analysis (LCA) and their association with symptoms and risk factors was assessed. RESULTS In 533 participants (mean age 64.9 years, 55.9% female) radiographic OA clustered across both feet (P < 0.001) and was highly symmetrical (adjusted OR 3.0, 95% confidence interval 2.1, 4.2). LCA identified 3 distinct classes of foot OA: no or minimal foot OA (64%), isolated first MTP joint OA (22%), and polyarticular foot OA (15%). After adjustment for age and sex, polyarticular foot OA was associated with nodal OA, increased body mass index, and more pain and functional limitation compared to the other classes. CONCLUSION Patterning of radiographic foot OA has provided insight into the existence of 2 forms of foot OA: isolated first MTP joint OA and polyarticular foot OA. The symptom and risk factor profiles in individuals with polyarticular foot OA indicate a possible distinctive phenotype of foot OA, but further research is needed to explore the characteristics of isolated first MTP joint and polyarticular foot OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trishna Rathod
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Research Institute for Primary Care & Health Sciences, Keele UniversityKeeleStaffordshireUK
| | - Michelle Marshall
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Research Institute for Primary Care & Health Sciences, Keele UniversityKeeleStaffordshireUK
| | - Martin J. Thomas
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Research Institute for Primary Care & Health Sciences, Keele UniversityKeeleStaffordshireUK
| | - Hylton B. Menz
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Research Institute for Primary Care & Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UK, and Lower Extremity and Gait Studies Program, School of Allied Health, La Trobe UniversityBundooraVictoriaAustralia
| | - Helen L. Myers
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Research Institute for Primary Care & Health Sciences, Keele UniversityKeeleStaffordshireUK
| | - Elaine Thomas
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Research Institute for Primary Care & Health Sciences, Keele UniversityKeeleStaffordshireUK
| | - Thomas Downes
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Research Institute for Primary Care & Health Sciences, Keele UniversityKeeleStaffordshireUK
| | - George Peat
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Research Institute for Primary Care & Health Sciences, Keele UniversityKeeleStaffordshireUK
| | - Edward Roddy
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Research Institute for Primary Care & Health Sciences, Keele UniversityKeeleStaffordshireUK
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Menz HB, Roddy E, Marshall M, Thomas MJ, Rathod T, Peat GM, Croft PR. Epidemiology of Shoe Wearing Patterns Over Time in Older Women: Associations With Foot Pain and Hallux Valgus. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2016; 71:1682-1687. [PMID: 26834078 PMCID: PMC5106851 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glw004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Foot problems are prevalent in older women and are thought to be associated with footwear. This study examined women’s shoe wearing patterns over time and evaluated associations between footwear characteristics and foot pain and hallux valgus. Methods: Women aged 50–89 years (n = 2,627) completed a survey that included drawings of four toe-box shapes and four heel heights. For each life decade, participants indicated which footwear style they wore most of the time. Foot pain in the past 12 months and hallux valgus were documented by self-report. Logistic regression examined associations between heel height, toe-box shape, foot pain and hallux valgus. Results: Wearing shoes with a high heel and very narrow toe box between the ages of 20 and 29 was common, but decreased to less than 10% by the age of 40. Compared with women who had worn shoes with a very wide toe box, the likelihood of hallux valgus increased in those who had worn shoes with a wide (odds ratio [OR] 1.96, 95% CI 1.03–3.71), narrow (2.39, 1.29–4.42) and very narrow (2.70, 1.46–5.00) toe box between the ages of 20 and 29 and those who wore shoes with a very narrow toe box (1.93, 1.10–3.39) between the ages of 30 and 39. Conclusions: Women wear shoes with a lower heel and broader toe box as they age. Wearing constrictive footwear between the ages of 20 and 39 may be critical for developing hallux valgus in later life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hylton B Menz
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK. .,School of Allied Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Edward Roddy
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Michelle Marshall
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Martin J Thomas
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Trishna Rathod
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | - George M Peat
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Peter R Croft
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Brenton-Rule A, Dalbeth N, Menz HB, Bassett S, Rome K. Foot and ankle characteristics associated with falls in adults with established rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2016; 17:22. [PMID: 26762210 PMCID: PMC4712600 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-016-0888-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have an increased risk of falls. The foot is a common site of pathology in RA and foot problems are reported in up to 90% of patients with established disease. The aim of this study was to determine whether foot and ankle characteristics are associated with falls in people with RA. METHODS Adults with RA were recruited from rheumatology outpatient clinics in Auckland, New Zealand. Participants reported whether they had fallen in the preceding year, and the number of falls. Clinical characteristics, common fall risk factors, and foot and ankle variables were measured. Univariate parametric and non-parametric analysis compared fallers and non-fallers on all variables to determine significant differences. Logistic regression analysis identified variables independently associated with falls. RESULTS Two hundred and one participants were prospectively recruited. At least one fall in the preceding 12-months was reported by 119 (59%) participants. Univariate analysis showed that fallers had significantly longer mean disease duration, more co-morbid conditions, an increase in lower limb tender joints, higher midfoot peak plantar pressures and were more likely to have a history of vascular disease than non-fallers. Fallers also reported greater difficulty with activities of daily living, increased fear of falling and greater self-reported foot impairment. Logistic regression analysis revealed that increased midfoot peak plantar pressures (odds ratio (OR) 1.12 [for each 20 kPa increase], 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00-1.25), self-reported foot impairment (OR 1.17 [for each three point increase], 95% CI 1.05-1.31) and history of vascular disease (OR 3.22, 95% CI 1.17-8.88) were independently associated with a fall in the preceding 12 months. CONCLUSIONS Elevated midfoot peak plantar pressures, self-reported foot impairment and vascular disease are associated with falls in people with RA. Assessment of foot deformity, foot function and self-reported foot impairment may be of benefit when considering falls prevention strategies in people with RA. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australia New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (trial ACTRN12612000597897).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicola Dalbeth
- University of Auckland, Private Bag 92-019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Hylton B Menz
- La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Sandra Bassett
- AUT University, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Keith Rome
- AUT University, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Chatterton BD, Muller S, Roddy E. Epidemiology of posterior heel pain in the general population: cross-sectional findings from the clinical assessment study of the foot. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2015; 67:996-1003. [PMID: 25604329 PMCID: PMC4737248 DOI: 10.1002/acr.22546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Revised: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective To identify the population prevalence of posterior heel pain (HP), related disability, and associated factors. Methods A total of 9,334 adults ages ≥50 years were mailed a questionnaire. Participants reporting foot pain in the last month shaded the foot pain location on a manikin. The Manchester Foot Pain and Disability Index assessed disabling foot pain. Population prevalence of any, bilateral, and disabling posterior HP was estimated using weighted logistic regression accounting for nonresponse. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated between posterior HP and age, sex, neighborhood deprivation, occupational class (professional, intermediate, and manual), body mass index (BMI, kg/m2), physical activity, heel height, and diabetes mellitus. Results A total of 5,109 questionnaires were received (adjusted response 56%). Six hundred seventy‐five respondents (13%) reported posterior HP, of whom 382 had bilateral symptoms. A total of 398 (8%) reported disabling posterior HP. Posterior HP in either foot was associated with increasing BMI (25.0–29.9 [OR 1.58], 30.0–34.9 [OR 2.13], and ≥35.0 [OR 4.09]) and with manual occupations (OR 1.96, 95% CI 1.47–2.62). Bilateral posterior HP was associated with increasing BMI (25.0–29.9 [OR 1.79], 30.0–34.9 [OR 2.43], and ≥35.0 [OR 5.79]), diabetes mellitus (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.07–2.05), and manual occupations (OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.48–3.30). Disabling posterior HP was associated with increasing BMI (25.0–29.9 [OR 1.44], 30.0–34.9 [OR 2.50], and ≥35.0 [OR 4.69]), age (≥75 years OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.01–1.96), manual occupations (OR 1.97, 95% CI 1.35–2.88), and diabetes mellitus (OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.04–1.95). High physical activity was negatively associated with posterior HP in either heel (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.33–0.56), bilateral posterior HP (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.25–0.49), and disabling posterior HP (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.23–0.46). Conclusion Posterior HP is prevalent and associated with obesity, manual occupations, and physical inactivity. Prospective studies should assess the roles of obesity in causation and weight loss in treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Chatterton
- Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Sara Muller
- Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Edward Roddy
- Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Sullivan J, Pappas E, Adams R, Crosbie J, Burns J. Determinants of footwear difficulties in people with plantar heel pain. J Foot Ankle Res 2015; 8:40. [PMID: 26288656 PMCID: PMC4539852 DOI: 10.1186/s13047-015-0102-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plantar heel pain is a common foot disorder aggravated by weight-bearing activity. Despite considerable focus on therapeutic interventions such as orthoses, there has been limited investigation of footwear-related issues in people with plantar heel pain. The aim of this study was to investigate whether people with plantar heel pain experience footwear-related difficulties compared to asymptomatic individuals, as well as identifying factors associated with footwear comfort, fit and choice. Methods The footwear domain of the Foot Health Status Questionnaire (FHSQ) was assessed in 192 people with plantar heel pain and 69 asymptomatic controls. The plantar heel pain group was also assessed on a variety of measures including: foot posture, foot strength and flexibility, pedobarography and pain level. A univariate analysis of covariance, with age as the covariate, was used to compare the heel pain and control groups on the FHSQ footwear domain score. A multiple regression model was then constructed to investigate factors associated with footwear scores among participants with plantar heel pain. Results When compared to asymptomatic participants, people with plantar heel pain reported lower FHSQ footwear domain scores (mean difference −24.4; p < 0.001; 95 % CI: −32.0 to −17.0). In the participants with heel pain, footwear scores were associated with maximum force beneath the postero-lateral heel during barefoot walking, toe flexor strength and gender. Conclusions People with plantar heel pain experience difficulty with footwear comfort, fit and choice. Reduced heel loading during barefoot walking, toe flexor weakness and female gender are all independently associated with reports of footwear difficulties in people with heel pain. Increased focus, in both clinical and research settings, is needed to address footwear-related issues in people with plantar heel pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin Sullivan
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia ; Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, P.O Box 170, Lidcombe, Sydney, NSW 1825 Australia
| | - Evangelos Pappas
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia ; Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Roger Adams
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Jack Crosbie
- School of Science and Health, The University of Western Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Joshua Burns
- Paediatric Gait Analysis Service of New South Wales, Sydney Children's Hospitals Network (Randwick and Westmead), Sydney, NSW Australia ; Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Golightly YM, Hannan MT, Dufour AB, Renner JB, Jordan JM. Factors associated with hallux valgus in a community-based cross-sectional study of adults with and without osteoarthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2015; 67:791-8. [PMID: 25418024 DOI: 10.1002/acr.22517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether hallux valgus (HV) was associated with potential risk factors, including foot pain in a large, biracial cohort of older men and women. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of cohort members of the Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project, of whom 1,502 had complete clinical and demographic data available (mean age 68 years, mean body mass index [BMI] 31.3 kg/m(2) , 68% women, and 30% African American). The presence of HV was assessed visually using a validated examination. Multivariate logistic regression models with generalized estimating equations for the total sample and for each sex and race subgroup were used to examine the effect of age, BMI, foot pain, pes planus, and knee or hip radiographic osteoarthritis (OA) on HV. RESULTS HV was present in 64% of the total sample (69% for African American men, 70% for African American women, 54% for white men, and 65% for white women). The association between HV and foot pain was elevated but not statistically significant (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.21, 95% confidence interval 0.99-1.47). Women, African Americans, older individuals, and those with pes planus or knee/hip OA had significantly higher odds of HV (aOR 1.17-1.48). Participants with higher BMI had lower odds of HV compared to those with normal BMI (aOR 0.54-0.72). Overall, patterns of associations were similar across subgroups. CONCLUSION HV was associated with female sex, African American race, older age, pes planus, and knee/hip OA, and inversely associated with higher BMI. Early prevention and intervention approaches may be needed in high-risk groups; longitudinal studies would inform these approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marian T Hannan
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alyssa B Dufour
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Roddy E, Muller S, Rome K, Chandratre P, Hider SL, Richardson J, Blagojevic-Bucknall M, Mallen CD. Foot problems in people with gout in primary care: baseline findings from a prospective cohort study. J Foot Ankle Res 2015. [PMID: 26207143 PMCID: PMC4512156 DOI: 10.1186/s13047-015-0090-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Foot problems are common in people with gout yet the prevalence of current foot problems in people with gout and the burden they present to healthcare systems is not known. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence and associations of hallux valgus, foot pain and disability in people with gout, and to assess the frequency with which foot problems lead to consultation with healthcare professionals. Methods Adults registered with 20 general practices who had consulted their GP about gout or been prescribed allopurinol or colchicine in the preceding two years were mailed a questionnaire. Prevalence of hallux valgus, foot pain in the last month, and disabling foot pain in the mailed population were ascertained using validated instruments and estimated by inverse-weighted logistic regression. Associations with socio-demographic, comorbid and gout-specific factors were examined using logistic regression. Participants were asked if they had seen health care professionals for foot problems within the preceding 12 months. Results One thousand one hundred eighty-four questionnaires were received (response 66 %). Prevalence of hallux valgus was 36.3 %, foot pain in the last month 22.3 % and disabling foot pain 14.5 %. Hallux valgus associated with age (adjusted OR 1.47 per 10-year increase, 95 % CI 1.26, 1.72) and female gender (2.03; 1.31, 3.15). Foot pain in the last month associated with age (1.24; 1.00, 1.55), obesity (BMI 30.0–34.9 2.67; 1.32, 5.38; BMI ≥ 35.0 3.16; 1.44, 6.93), mild depression (2.04; 1.09, 3.81) and polyarticular gout attacks (1.86; 1.18, 2.95). Disabling foot pain associated with age (1.42; 1.08, 1.87), obesity (BMI 30.0–34.9 3.73; 1.54, 9.09; BMI ≥ 35.0 4.36; 1.64, 11.64), depression (mild 2.63; 1.25, 5.53; moderate 3.53; 1.11, 11.26) and ischaemic heart disease (2.45; 1.32, 4.53). In the previous 12 months, 495 (42.8 %) reported consulting their GP about their feet and 281 (23.7 %) a podiatrist/chiropodist. Conclusions Foot problems are common in people with gout and frequently lead to healthcare consultation. Hallux valgus has similar associations to those seen in the general population, whereas foot pain associates with obesity and gout characteristics, and disabling foot pain with obesity and comorbidity. Patient assessment should consider foot problems and offer specific treatment where relevant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward Roddy
- Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
| | - Sara Muller
- Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
| | - Keith Rome
- Division of Rehabilitation & Occupation Studies, Health & Rehabilitation Research Institute, AUT University, Auckland, 1020 New Zealand
| | - Priyanka Chandratre
- Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
| | - Samantha L Hider
- Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
| | - Jane Richardson
- Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
| | - Milisa Blagojevic-Bucknall
- Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
| | - Christian D Mallen
- Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Thomas MJ, Peat G, Rathod T, Marshall M, Moore A, Menz HB, Roddy E. The epidemiology of symptomatic midfoot osteoarthritis in community-dwelling older adults: cross-sectional findings from the Clinical Assessment Study of the Foot. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:178. [PMID: 26166410 PMCID: PMC4499901 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0693-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The foot is largely overlooked in calls for better characterisation of clinical phenotypes in osteoarthritis (OA). Yet the midfoot complex in particular has the potential to provide important insights into OA pathogenesis given its central role in lower limb load transmission and alignment. Its recent inclusion in radiographic atlases has paved the way for international studies. In this UK study, we provide the first comprehensive account of the descriptive epidemiology of symptomatic midfoot OA. Methods Participants aged ≥50 years registered with four general practices were recruited via a mailed health survey (n = 5109 responders) and research clinic (n = 560 responders). Symptomatic midfoot OA was defined as midfoot pain in the last 4 weeks, combined with radiographic OA in one or more joints (1st and 2nd cuneometatarsal, navicular first cuneiform and talonavicular joints) graded from weight-bearing dorso-plantar and lateral radiographs using a validated atlas. Prevalence estimates, overall and stratified by age, gender, and socio-economic class, were derived using multiple imputation and weighted logistic regression. Associations between symptomatic midfoot OA and current body mass index, previous injury, history of high-heeled footwear, nodal interphalangeal joint OA and patterns of comorbidity were estimated using binary logistic regression. Healthcare use was summarised. Results Symptomatic midfoot OA was present in 12.0 % (95 % CI: 10.9, 13.2) of the population aged over 50 years. Higher occurrence was observed in females, adults aged over 75 years, and those in intermediate/routine occupational classes. Obesity, previous foot/ankle injury, and pain in other weight-loaded joints, but not high-heeled footwear or nodal interphalangeal joint OA, were associated with increased risk of symptomatic midfoot OA. Persons with symptomatic midfoot OA were also more likely to report multiple non-musculoskeletal comorbidities, including diabetes. In the previous 12 months, the proportions consulting a general practitioner, physiotherapist or podiatrist/chiropodist about foot pain were 46.2 %, 18.5 % and 47.9 % respectively. A total of 64.7 % had used oral analgesia in the past month for foot pain (36.1 % paracetamol, 31.9 % mild/moderate opioids, 27.7 % NSAIDs). Conclusions Our study confirms that symptomatic OA frequently affects the midfoot. The patterns of associations are interpreted as being largely consistent with the role of mechanical factors in its pathogenesis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-015-0693-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Thomas
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.
| | - George Peat
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.
| | - Trishna Rathod
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.
| | - Michelle Marshall
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.
| | - Andrew Moore
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK.
| | - Hylton B Menz
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK. .,Lower Extremity and Gait Studies Program, School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia.
| | - Edward Roddy
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Riskowski JL, Hagedorn TJ, Dufour AB, Hannan MT. Associations of Region-Specific Foot Pain and Foot Biomechanics: The Framingham Foot Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2015; 70:1281-8. [PMID: 25995291 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glv067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Specific regions of the foot are responsible for the gait tasks of weight acceptance, single-limb support, and forward propulsion. With region foot pain, gait abnormalities may arise and affect the plantar pressure and force pattern utilized. Therefore, this study's purpose was to evaluate plantar pressure and force pattern differences between adults with and without region-specific foot pain. METHODS Plantar pressure and force data were collected on Framingham Foot Study members while walking barefoot at a self-selected pace. Foot pain was evaluated by self-report and grouped by foot region (toe, forefoot, midfoot, or rearfoot) or regions (two or three or more regions) of pain. Unadjusted and adjusted linear regression with generalized estimating equations was used to determine associations between feet with and without foot pain. RESULTS Individuals with distal foot (forefoot or toes) pain had similar maximum vertical forces under the pain region, while those with proximal foot (rearfoot or midfoot) pain had different maximum vertical forces compared to those without regional foot pain (referent). During walking, there were significant differences in plantar loading and propulsion ranging from 2% to 4% between those with and without regional foot pain. Significant differences in normalized maximum vertical force and plantar pressure ranged from 5.3% to 12.4% and 3.4% to 24.1%, respectively, between those with and without regional foot pain. CONCLUSIONS Associations of regional foot pain with plantar pressure and force were different by regions of pain. Region-specific foot pain was not uniformly associated with an increase or decrease in loading and pressure patterns regions of pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jody L Riskowski
- Institute for Allied Health Research, Glasgow Caledonian University, UK.
| | - Thomas J Hagedorn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Massachusetts at Amherst
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Roddy E, Thomas MJ, Marshall M, Rathod T, Myers H, Menz HB, Thomas E, Peat G. The population prevalence of symptomatic radiographic foot osteoarthritis in community-dwelling older adults: cross-sectional findings from the clinical assessment study of the foot. Ann Rheum Dis 2015; 74:156-63. [PMID: 24255544 PMCID: PMC4283621 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-203804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To estimate the population prevalence of symptomatic radiographic osteoarthritis (OA) affecting the 1st metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ), 1st and 2nd cuneometatarsal joints (CMJs), navicular first cuneiform joint (NCJ) and talonavicular joint (TNJ) in community-dwelling older adults. METHODS 9334 adults aged ≥50 years registered with four general practices were mailed a health survey. Responders reporting foot pain within the last 12 months were invited to undergo weight-bearing dorso-plantar and lateral radiographs of both feet. OA at the 1st MTPJ, 1st and 2nd CMJs, NCJ and TNJ was graded using a validated atlas. Population prevalence estimates for symptomatic radiographic foot OA overall and for each joint were calculated using multiple imputation and weighted logistic regression modelling to account for missing data and non-response. RESULTS 5109 health surveys were received (adjusted response 56%). Radiographs were obtained on 557 participants. Overall population prevalence of symptomatic radiographic OA was 16.7% (95% CI 15.3% to 18.0%), 1st MTPJ 7.8% (6.7% to 8.9%), 1st CMJ 3.9% (2.9% to 4.9%), 2nd CMJ 6.8% (5.7% to 7.8%), NCJ 5.2% (4.0% to 6.4%) and TNJ 5.8% (4.8% to 6.9%). With the exception of the 1st CMJ, prevalence was greater in females than males, increased with age and was higher in lower socioeconomic classes. Three-quarters of those with symptomatic radiographic OA reported disabling foot symptoms. CONCLUSIONS While cautious interpretation due to non-response is warranted, our study suggests that symptomatic radiographic foot OA affects one in six older adults and the majority report associated disability. Clinicians should consider OA as a possible cause of chronic foot pain in older people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward Roddy
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Martin J Thomas
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Michelle Marshall
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Trishna Rathod
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Helen Myers
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Hylton B Menz
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UK
- Lower Extremity and Gait Studies Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elaine Thomas
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UK
| | - George Peat
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UK
| |
Collapse
|