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Wan J, Li M, Yuan X, Yu X, Chen A, Shao M, Kang H, Cheng P. Rutaecarpine ameliorates osteoarthritis by inhibiting PI3K/AKT/NF‑κB and MAPK signalling transduction through integrin αVβ3. Int J Mol Med 2023; 52:97. [PMID: 37654229 PMCID: PMC10555473 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2023.5300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic progressive articular illness which commonly affects older‑aged adults, presenting with cartilage inflammation and degradation. Rutaecarpine (RUT) has been shown to exert promising anti‑inflammatory effects; however, the efficacy of RUT in the treatment of OA is debatable. The present study investigated the potential of RUT in alleviating OA in a mouse model. Treatment with RUT inhibited the inflammatory response and extracellular matrix degradation by suppressing process regulators in interleukin (IL)‑1β‑stimulated chondrocytes. Moreover, treatment with RUT in vitro upregulated the gene expression of anabolic agents, such as collagen type II, aggrecan and SRY‑box transcription factor 9, indicating that RUT contributed to cartilage repair. Additionally, flow cytometric assays, and the measurement of β‑galactosidase levels, autophagic flux and related protein expression revealed that RUT effectively attenuated IL‑1β‑induced chondrocyte apoptosis, senescence and autophagy impairment. In addition, bioinformatics analysis and in vitro experiments demonstrated that RUT protected cartilage by mediating the phosphoinositide‑3‑kinase (PI3K)/Akt/nuclear factor‑κB (NF‑κB) and mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. The ameliorative effects of RUT on IL‑1β‑stimulated chondrocytes were abrogated when siRNA was used to knock down integrin αVβ3. Furthermore, the results of immunohistochemical analysis and microcomputed tomography confirmed the in vivo therapeutic effects of RUT in mice with OA. On the whole, the present study demonstrates that RUT attenuates the inflammatory response and cartilage degradation in mice with OA by suppressing the activation of the PI3K/AKT/NF‑κB and MAPK pathways. Integrin αVβ3 may play a pivotal role in these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlai Wan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008
| | - Mengwei Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030
| | - Xi Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030
| | - Xiaojun Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030
| | - Anmin Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030
| | - Ming Shao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, P.R. China
| | - Hao Kang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030
| | - Peng Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030
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Scotece M, Hämäläinen M, Leppänen T, Vuolteenaho K, Moilanen E. MKP-1 Deficiency Exacerbates Skin Fibrosis in a Mouse Model of Scleroderma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054668. [PMID: 36902103 PMCID: PMC10002998 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Scleroderma is a chronic fibrotic disease, where proinflammatory and profibrotic events precede collagen accumulation. MKP-1 [mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphatase-1] downregulates inflammatory MAPK pathways suppressing inflammation. MKP-1 also supports Th1 polarization, which could shift Th1/Th2 balance away from profibrotic Th2 profile prevalent in scleroderma. In the present study, we investigated the potential protective role of MKP-1 in scleroderma. We utilized bleomycin-induced dermal fibrosis model as a well-characterized experimental model of scleroderma. Dermal fibrosis and collagen deposition as well as the expression of inflammatory and profibrotic mediators were analyzed in the skin samples. Bleomycin-induced dermal thickness and lipodystrophy were increased in MKP-1-deficient mice. MKP-1 deficiency enhanced collagen accumulation and increased expression of collagens, 1A1 and 3A1, in the dermis. Bleomycin-treated skin from MKP-1-deficient mice also showed enhanced expression of inflammatory and profibrotic factors IL-6, TGF-β1, fibronectin-1 and YKL-40, and chemokines MCP-1, MIP-1α and MIP-2, as compared to wild-type mice. The results show, for the first time, that MKP-1 protects from bleomycin-induced dermal fibrosis, suggesting that MKP-1 favorably modifies inflammation and fibrotic processes that drive the pathogenesis of scleroderma. Compounds enhancing the expression or activity of MKP-1 could thus prevent fibrotic processes in scleroderma and possess potential as a novel immunomodulative drug.
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Dexamethasone Attenuates the Expression of MMP-13 in Chondrocytes through MKP-1. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073880. [PMID: 35409238 PMCID: PMC8998740 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) is upregulated in inflammation and reduces the activity of proinflammatory mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAP kinases) by dephosphorylation. MAP kinases are intracellular signaling pathways that mediate the cellular effects of proinflammatory cytokines. In the present study, we investigated the effects of the glucocorticoid dexamethasone on the expression of catabolic enzymes in chondrocytes and tested the hypothesis that these effects are mediated through MKP-1. Dexamethasone was found to significantly attenuate the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 in human OA chondrocytes as well as in chondrocytes from MKP-1 WT mice, but not in chondrocytes from MKP-1 KO mice. Dexamethasone also increased the expression of MKP-1 in murine and human OA chondrocytes. Furthermore, p38 MAP kinase inhibitors significantly attenuated MMP-13 expression in human OA chondrocytes, while JNK MAP kinase inhibitors had no effect. The results indicate that the effect of dexamethasone on MMP-13 expression in chondrocytes was mediated by an MKP-1 and p38 MAP kinase-dependent manner. These findings, together with previous results, support the concept of MKP-1 as a protective factor in articular chondrocytes in inflammatory conditions and as a potential drug target to treat OA.
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Protein tyrosine phosphatases in skeletal development and diseases. Bone Res 2022; 10:10. [PMID: 35091552 PMCID: PMC8799702 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-021-00181-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal development and homeostasis in mammals are modulated by finely coordinated processes of migration, proliferation, differentiation, and death of skeletogenic cells originating from the mesoderm and neural crest. Numerous molecular mechanisms are involved in these regulatory processes, one of which is protein posttranslational modifications, particularly protein tyrosine phosphorylation (PYP). PYP occurs mainly through the action of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs), modifying protein enzymatic activity, changing its cellular localization, and aiding in the assembly or disassembly of protein signaling complexes. Under physiological conditions, PYP is balanced by the coordinated action of PTKs and protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). Dysregulation of PYP can cause genetic, metabolic, developmental, and oncogenic skeletal diseases. Although PYP is a reversible biochemical process, in contrast to PTKs, little is known about how this equilibrium is modulated by PTPs in the skeletal system. Whole-genome sequencing has revealed a large and diverse superfamily of PTP genes (over 100 members) in humans, which can be further divided into cysteine (Cys)-, aspartic acid (Asp)-, and histidine (His)-based PTPs. Here, we review current knowledge about the functions and regulatory mechanisms of 28 PTPs involved in skeletal development and diseases; 27 of them belong to class I and II Cys-based PTPs, and the other is an Asp-based PTP. Recent progress in analyzing animal models that harbor various mutations in these PTPs and future research directions are also discussed. Our literature review indicates that PTPs are as crucial as PTKs in supporting skeletal development and homeostasis.
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DUSP-1 Induced by PGE 2 and PGE 1 Attenuates IL-1β-Activated MAPK Signaling, Leading to Suppression of NGF Expression in Human Intervertebral Disc Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010371. [PMID: 35008797 PMCID: PMC8745672 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanism of discogenic low back pain (LBP) involves nonphysiological nerve invasion into a degenerated intervertebral disc (IVD), induced by nerve growth factor (NGF). Selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors are mainly used in the treatment of LBP, and act by suppressing the inflammatory mediator prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which is induced by inflammatory stimuli, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β). However, in our previous in vitro study using cultured human IVD cells, we demonstrated that the induction of NGF by IL-1β is augmented by a selective COX-2 inhibitor, and that PGE2 and PGE1 suppress NGF expression. Therefore, in this study, to elucidate the mechanism of NGF suppression by PGE2 and PGE1, we focused on mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and its phosphatase, dual-specificity phosphatase (DUSP)-1. IL-1β-induced NGF expression was altered in human IVD cells by MAPK pathway inhibitors. PGE2 and PGE1 enhanced IL-1β-induced DUSP-1 expression, and suppressed the phosphorylation of MAPKs in human IVD cells. In DUSP-1 knockdown cells established using small interfering RNA, IL-1β-induced phosphorylation of MAPKs was enhanced and prolonged, and NGF expression was significantly enhanced. These results suggest that PGE2 and PGE1 suppress IL-1β-induced NGF expression by suppression of the MAPK signaling pathway, accompanied by increased DUSP-1 expression.
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Prostaglandin E 2 induces dual-specificity phosphatase-1, thereby attenuating inflammatory genes expression in human osteoarthritic synovial fibroblasts. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2021; 154:106550. [PMID: 33857603 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2021.106550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Characteristic features of osteoarthritis (OA) are joint pain and cartilage degeneration. The degeneration is caused by excess induction of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and the pain is caused by nerve growth factor (NGF)-dependent nerve invasion into synovial tissue in addition to nociceptive pain by prostaglandin (PG)E2. The objective of this study was to clarify the suppressive mechanism of PGE2 on the regulation of MMPs and NGF by focusing on mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and their endogenous phosphatase, dual-specificity phosphatase (DUSP)-1 in human synovial fibroblasts. PGE2 strongly increased DUSP-1 and suppressed IL-1β-induced MAPKs phosphorylation. Inhibition of MAPKs by selective inhibitors differentially regulated the IL-1β-induced expression of MMPs and NGF expression. IL-1β-induced MAPKs phosphorylation was prolonged and enhanced in DUSP-1 knockdown cells and the expression of MMPs and NGF was also increased. This study revealed that PGE2 has novel biological activity that suppresses NGF and MMPs expression by inducing DUSP-1 expression.
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Rezcallah MC, Al-Mazi T, Ammit AJ. Cataloguing the phosphorylation sites of tristetraprolin (TTP): Functional implications for inflammatory diseases. Cell Signal 2020; 78:109868. [PMID: 33276085 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Tristetraprolin (TTP) is a destabilizing mRNA binding protein known to regulate gene expression of a wide variety of targets, including those that control inflammation. TTP expression, regulation and function is controlled by phosphorylation. While the importance of key serine (S) sites (S52 and S178 in mice and S186 in humans) has been recognized, other sites on the hyperphosphorylated TTP protein have more recently emerged as playing an important role in regulating cellular signalling and downstream functions of TTP. In order to propel investigation of TTP and fully exploit its potential as a drug target in inflammatory disease, this review will catalogue TTP phosphorylation sites in both the murine and human TTP protein, the known and unknown roles and functions of these sites, the kinases and phosphatases that act upon TTP and overview methodological approaches to increase our knowledge of this important protein regulated by phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Rezcallah
- Woolcock Emphysema Centre, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Trisha Al-Mazi
- Woolcock Emphysema Centre, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alaina J Ammit
- Woolcock Emphysema Centre, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Ingawale DK, Mandlik SK. New insights into the novel anti-inflammatory mode of action of glucocorticoids. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2020; 42:59-73. [PMID: 32070175 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2020.1728765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a physiological intrinsic host response to injury meant for removal of noxious stimuli and maintenance of homeostasis. It is a defensive body mechanism that involves immune cells, blood vessels and molecular mediators of inflammation. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are steroidal hormones responsible for regulation of homeostatic and metabolic functions of body. Synthetic GCs are the most useful anti-inflammatory drugs used for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), allergies, multiple sclerosis, tendinitis, lupus, atopic dermatitis, ulcerative colitis, rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis whereas, the long term use of GCs are associated with many side effects. The anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive (desired) effects of GCs are usually mediated by transrepression mechanism whereas; the metabolic and toxic (undesired) effects are usually manifested by transactivation mechanism. Though GCs are most potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs, the common problem associated with their use is GC resistance. Several research studies are rising to comprehend these mechanisms, which would be helpful in improving the GC resistance in asthma and COPD patients. This review aims to focus on identification of new drug targets in inflammation which will be helpful in the resolution of inflammation. The ample understanding of GC mechanisms of action helps in the development of novel anti-inflammatory drugs for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune disease with reduced side effects and minimal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa K Ingawale
- Department of Pharmacology, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune, India
| | - Satish K Mandlik
- Department of Pharmacology, Sinhgad College of Pharmacy, Pune, India
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Shortt C, Luyt LG, Turley EA, Cowman MK, Kirsch T. A Hyaluronan-binding Peptide (P15-1) Reduces Inflammatory and Catabolic Events in IL-1β-treated Human Articular Chondrocytes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1441. [PMID: 31996703 PMCID: PMC6989647 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57586-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays a critical role in osteoarthritis (OA). It stimulates catabolic events in articular chondrocytes and prevents chondrogenic precursor cells from repairing cartilage lesions, leading to accelerated cartilage degradation. Therefore, the identification of novel factors that reduce catabolic events in chondrocytes and enhances chondrogenic differentiation of precursor cells in an inflammatory environment may provide novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of OA. The goal of this study was to determine whether a hyaluronan (HA)-binding peptide (P15-1), via interacting with high molecular weight (HMW)HA can enhance the anti-inflammatory properties of HMWHA and decrease catabolic events in interleukin-1beta (IL-1β)-treated human articular chondrocytes. Treatment with P15-1 decreased catabolic events and stimulated anabolic events in articular chondrocytes cultured in an inflammatory environment. P15-1 pre-mixed with HMWHA was more effective in inhibiting catabolic events and stimulating anabolic events than P15-1 or HMWHA alone. Our findings suggest that P15-1 together with HMWHA inhibits catabolic events in articular chondrocytes via the inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and increasing the thickness of the pericellular matrix (PCM) around chondrocytes thereby decreasing catabolic signaling. Finally, conditioned medium from IL-1β and P15-1-treated human articular chondrocytes was less inhibitory for chondrogenic differentiation of precursor cells than conditioned medium from chondrocytes treated with IL-1β alone. In conclusion, P15-1 is proposed to function synergistically with HMWHA to enhance the protective microenvironment for chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells during inflammation and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Shortt
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- FoodMarble Digestive Health, Dublin, 2, Ireland
| | - Leonard G Luyt
- The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- London Regional Cancer Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Eva A Turley
- The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- London Regional Cancer Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Mary K Cowman
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thorsten Kirsch
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, New York, NY, USA.
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Sun Y, Gao Z, Wang C, Hou G. Synthesis, crystal structures and anti-inflammatory activity of fluorine-substituted 1,4,5,6-tetrahydrobenzo[h]quinazolin-2-amine derivatives. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 2019; 75:1157-1165. [PMID: 31380799 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229619010118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Two fluorine-substituted 1,4,5,6-tetrahydrobenzo[h]quinazolin-2-amine (BQA) derivatives, namely 2-amino-4-(2-fluorophenyl)-9-methoxy-1,4,5,6-tetrahydrobenzo[h]quinazolin-3-ium chloride, (8), and 2-amino-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-9-methoxy-1,4,5,6-tetrahydrobenzo[h]quinazolin-3-ium chloride, (9), both C19H19FN3O+·Cl-, were generated by Michael addition reactions between guanidine hydrochloride and the α,β-unsaturated ketones (E)-2-(2-fluorobenzylidene)-7-methoxy-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one, C18H15FO2, (6), and (E)-2-(4-fluorobenzylidene)-7-methoxy-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one, (7). Because both sides of α,β-unsaturated ketones (6) or (7) can be attacked by guanidine, we obtained a pair of isomers in (8) and (9). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction indicates that each isomer has a chiral C atom and both (8) and (9) crystallize in the achiral space group P21/c. The chloride ion, as a hydrogen-bond acceptor, plays an important role in the formation of multiple hydrogen bonds. Thus, adjacent molecules are connected through intermolecular hydrogen bonds to generate a banded structure. Furthermore, these bands are linked into an interesting 3D network via hydrogen bonds and π-π interactions. Fortunately, the solubilities of (8) and (9) were distinctly improved and can exceed 50 mg ml-1 in water or PBS buffer system (pH 7.4) at room temperature. In addition, the results of an investigation of anti-inflammatory activity show that (8) and (9), with o- and p-fluoro substituents, respectively, display more potential for inhibitory effects on LPS-induced NO secretion than starting ketones (6) and (7).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sun
- School of Pharmacy, The Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Binzhou Medical University, Guanhai Road 346#, Yantai, Shandong 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongfei Gao
- School of Pharmacy, The Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Binzhou Medical University, Guanhai Road 346#, Yantai, Shandong 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhua Wang
- School of Pharmacy, The Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Binzhou Medical University, Guanhai Road 346#, Yantai, Shandong 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Guige Hou
- School of Pharmacy, The Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Binzhou Medical University, Guanhai Road 346#, Yantai, Shandong 264003, People's Republic of China
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Valerio MS, Alexis F, Kirkwood KL. Functionalized nanoparticles containing MKP-1 agonists reduce periodontal bone loss. J Periodontol 2019; 90:894-902. [PMID: 30811602 DOI: 10.1002/jper.18-0572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progress over of the past several years has elucidated a role for mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase to regulate periodontal inflammation yielding new possibilities for treatment of periodontal diseases. These studies aimed to determine if nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with a pharmacological agent that induces mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase have potential clinical utility for management of periodontal inflammation and alveolar bone. METHODS Polyethylene glycol (PEG)-polylactide (PLA) (PEG-PLA) NPs were loaded with auranofin (ARN), an antirheumatic drug, to induce mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase (MKP)-1 expression in vitro and in vivo. Release kinetics of ARN from NPs was performed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Fluorescent-labeled NPs were used to show uptake into macrophages by flow cytometry. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to determine dual specificity protein phosphatase (Dusp)-1 mRNA induction by Auranofin-loaded nanoparticles (ARN-NPs) and viability of ARN-NPs was determined by colorimetric in vitro assays. Functional in vitro assays were used to measure functional MKP-1 induction and preclinical models using Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans lipopolysaccharide-induced alveolar bone loss and microcomputed tomography was used to determine in vivo efficacy of functionalized ARN-NPs. RESULTS Data indicated that ARN-NPs had reduced cytotoxicity compared with free ARN and Dusp1 mRNA and MKP-1 activity was significantly increased by ARN-NPs in vitro. Flow cytometry indicated rapid uptake into macrophages. Finally, significant bone loss reduction was observed with ARN-NPs compared with control NPs in vivo using an lipopolysaccharide-induced rat model of periodontitis. CONCLUSION Results from these studies suggest that developing NPs functionalized with ARN have anti-inflammatory activities and may be a novel adjuvant therapeutic strategy to significantly improve periodontitis therapy and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Valerio
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Frank Alexis
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA.,School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech, San Miguel de Urcuquí, Ecuador
| | - Keith L Kirkwood
- Department of Oral Biology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.,Department of Oral Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
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12
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Pemmari A, Paukkeri EL, Hämäläinen M, Leppänen T, Korhonen R, Moilanen E. MKP-1 promotes anti-inflammatory M(IL-4/IL-13) macrophage phenotype and mediates the anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2018; 124:404-415. [PMID: 30388313 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage polarization refers to the ability of these cells to adopt different functional phenotypes according to their environment. Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) is known to regulate the classical lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pro-inflammatory macrophage activation and the inflammatory response. Here, we investigated the effects of MKP-1 on the anti-inflammatory and healing-promoting macrophage phenotype induced by cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 and examined the potential mediator role of MKP-1 in glucocorticoid effects on the two macrophage phenotypes. In MKP-1-deficient macrophages treated with IL-4 and IL-13 to induce the anti-inflammatory phenotype, the expression of phenotypic markers arginase 1, Ym-1 and FGF2 was reduced as compared to wild-type cells. In contrast, LPS-induced expression of the pro-inflammatory factors IL-6 and iNOS was significantly higher in MKP-1-deficient macrophages. Dexamethasone suppressed the pro-inflammatory phenotype and enhanced the anti-inflammatory phenotype. Interestingly, both of these glucocorticoid effects were attenuated in macrophages from MKP-1-deficient mice. Accordingly, dexamethasone increased MKP-1 expression in both LPS- and IL4+13-treated wild-type cells. In conclusion, the findings support MKP-1 as an endogenous mechanism able to shift macrophage activation from the classical pro-inflammatory state towards the anti-inflammatory and healing-promoting phenotype. In addition, MKP-1 was found to mediate the anti-inflammatory effects of dexamethasone in a dualistic manner: by suppressing the pro-inflammatory macrophage activation and by enhancing the healing-promoting macrophage phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti Pemmari
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Erja-Leena Paukkeri
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mari Hämäläinen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tiina Leppänen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Riku Korhonen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Eeva Moilanen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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Li N, Bai X, Zhang L, Hou Y. Synthesis, crystal structures and anti-inflammatory activity of four 3,5-bis(arylidene)-N-benzenesulfonyl-4-piperidone derivatives. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 2018; 74:1171-1179. [PMID: 30284984 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229618013232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
3,5-Bis(arylidene)-4-piperidone (BAP) derivatives display good antitumour and anti-inflammatory activities because of their double α,β-unsaturated ketone structural characteristics. If N-benzenesulfonyl substituents are introduced into BAPs, the configuration of the BAPs would change significantly and their anti-inflammatory activities should improve. Four N-benzenesulfonyl BAPs, namely (3E,5E)-1-(4-methylbenzenesulfonyl)-3,5-bis[4-(trifluoromethyl)benzylidene]piperidin-4-one dichloromethane monosolvate, C28H21F6NO3S·CH2Cl2, (4), (3E,5E)-1-(4-fluorobenzenesulfonyl)-3,5-bis[4-(trifluoromethyl)benzylidene]piperidin-4-one, C27H18F7NO3S, (5), (3E,5E)-1-(4-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-3,5-bis[4-(trifluoromethyl)benzylidene]piperidin-4-one, C27H18F6N2O5S, (6), and (3E,5E)-1-(4-cyanobenzenesulfonyl)-3,5-bis[4-(trifluoromethyl)benzylidene]piperidin-4-one dichloromethane monosolvate, C28H18F6N2O3S·CH2Cl2, (7), were prepared by Claisen-Schmidt condensation and N-sulfonylation. They were characterized by NMR, FT-IR and HRMS (high resolution mass spectrometry). Single-crystal structure analysis reveals that the two 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl rings on both sides of the piperidone ring in (4)-(7) adopt an E stereochemistry of the olefinic double bonds. Molecules of both (4) and (6) are connected by hydrogen bonds into one-dimensional chains. In (5) and (7), pairs of adjacent molecules embrace through intermolecular hydrogen bonds to form a bimolecular combination, which are further extended into a two-dimensional sheet. The anti-inflammatory activity data reveal that (4)-(7) significantly inhibit LPS-induced interleukin (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α) secretion. Most importantly, (6) and (7), with strong electron-withdrawing substituents, display more potential inhibitory effects than (4) and (5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Guanhai road 346, Yantai, Shandong 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianyong Bai
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Guanhai road 346, Yantai, Shandong 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianshuang Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Guanhai road 346, Yantai, Shandong 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Hou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Guanhai road 346, Yantai, Shandong 264003, People's Republic of China
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14
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Tuure L, Hämäläinen M, Moilanen E. PDE4 inhibitor rolipram inhibits the expression of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 by a mechanism dependent on MAP kinase phosphatase-1. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2018; 5. [PMID: 29226622 PMCID: PMC5723697 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase‐4 (PDE4) inhibitors have recently been introduced to the treatment of COPD and psoriatic arthritis. Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase‐1 (mPGES‐1) is an inducible enzyme synthesizing PGE2, the most abundant prostanoid related to inflammation and inflammatory pain. mPGES‐1 is a potential drug target for novel anti‐inflammatory treatments aiming at an improved safety profile as compared to NSAIDs. Here we investigated the effect of the PDE4 inhibitor rolipram on the expression of mPGES‐1 in macrophages; and a potential mediator role in the process for MAP kinase phosphatase‐1 (MKP‐1) which is an endogenous factor limiting the activity of the proinflammatory MAP kinases p38 and JNK. The expression of mPGES‐1 was decreased, whereas that of MKP‐1 was enhanced by rolipram in wild‐type murine macrophages. Interestingly, rolipram did not reduce mPGES‐1 expression in peritoneal macrophages from MKP‐1‐deficient mice. A reduced phosphorylation of JNK, but not p38 MAP kinase, was specifically associated with the decreased expression of mPGES‐1. Accordingly, mPGES‐1 expression was suppressed by JNK but not p38 inhibitor. These findings underline the significance of the increased MKP‐1 expression and decreased JNK phosphorylation associated with the downregulated expression of mPGES‐1 by PDE4 inhibitors in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauri Tuure
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mari Hämäläinen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Eeva Moilanen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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15
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Peng HZ, Yun Z, Wang W, Ma BA. Dual specificity phosphatase 1 has a protective role in osteoarthritis fibroblast‑like synoviocytes via inhibition of the MAPK signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:8441-8447. [PMID: 28983624 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates the important role of inflammation in the pathogenesis and progression of osteoarthritis (OA). Dual specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1), a negative regulator of the mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, has anti‑inflammatory properties. In the present study, the expression of DUSP1 was investigated in human OA fibroblast‑like synoviocytes (FLSs), human normal FLSs and OA FLSs pretreated with dexamethasone at the mRNA and protein levels. Then, the activation of MAPK pathway proteins and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase‑13 (MMP‑13) and cyclooxygenase‑2 (COX‑2) were measured by western blot analysis in the three groups of cells. Dexamethasone induced the expression of DUSP1 and inhibited the activation of the MAPK pathway and reduced the expression of MMP‑13 and COX‑2 in OA FLSs. However, the role of DUSP1 remained unclear. To clarify this, the effects of overexpression of DUSP1 in OA FLSs were determined using a DUSP1‑overexpressing lentivirus. The results demonstrated that overexpression of DUSP1 in OA FLSs inhibited the activation of the MAPK pathway and expression of OA‑associated mediators. The findings of the present study indicate that DUSP1 has a protective role in OA FLSs and may be a potential target in the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Zhi Peng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Yun
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Bao-An Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710038, P.R. China
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16
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Tuure L, Hämäläinen M, Whittle BJ, Moilanen E. Microsomal Prostaglandin E Synthase-1 Expression in Inflammatory Conditions Is Downregulated by Dexamethasone: Seminal Role of the Regulatory Phosphatase MKP-1. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:646. [PMID: 28983247 PMCID: PMC5613146 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) is an inducible enzyme situated downstream of cyclo-oxygenase-2, promoting the excessive PGE2 production in inflammation. Dexamethasone is known to suppress mPGES-1 but the mechanisms regulating mPGES-1 expression remain poorly known. MKP-1 is a phosphatase controlling the proinflammatory MAP kinase pathways p38 and JNK, thus limiting the inflammatory responses. We have now investigated the role of MKP-1 and MAP kinases p38 and JNK in the regulation of mPGES-1 expression by dexamethasone. Dexamethasone increased MKP-1 and decreased mPGES-1 expression in J774 macrophages and in peritoneal macrophages from wild-type but not from MKP-1 deficient mice. Dexamethasone also reduced p38 and JNK phosphorylation along with enhancement of MKP-1, while inhibition of JNK reduced mPGES-1 expression. These findings were also translated to in vivo conditions as dexamethasone downregulated mPGES-1 expression in paw inflammation in wild-type but not in MKP-1 deficient mice. In conclusion, dexamethasone was found to downregulate mPGES-1 expression through enhanced MKP-1 expression and reduced JNK phosphorylation in inflammatory conditions. The results extend the understanding on the regulation of mPGES-1 expression and highlight the potential of MKP-1 as an anti-inflammatory drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauri Tuure
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere University HospitalTampere, Finland
| | - Mari Hämäläinen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere University HospitalTampere, Finland
| | - Brendan J Whittle
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere University HospitalTampere, Finland.,William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of MedicineLondon, United Kingdom
| | - Eeva Moilanen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere University HospitalTampere, Finland
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17
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Shah SA, Ishinaga H, Takeuchi K. Clarithromycin inhibits TNF-α-induced MUC5AC mucin gene expression via the MKP-1-p38MAPK-dependent pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 49:60-66. [PMID: 28550735 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Clarithromycin is a 14-membered macrolide antibiotic. Low-dose, long-term macrolide therapy is effective in patients with chronic airway diseases, such as diffuse panbronchitis, chronic bronchitis, and chronic sinusitis. However, the mechanism underlying this clinical efficacy remains unclear. The dual specificity phosphatase MKP-1 (MAPK phosphatase-1), also called DUSP (dual specificity phosphatase-1), was initially identified as an in vitro ERK-specific phosphatase, but depending on the cell type, it can also dephosphorylate other members of the MAPK family, such as p38 and JNK, and thus suppress downstream signaling of these kinases. It was recently reported that MKP-1 appears to mediate the effects of several anti-inflammatory drugs, including glucocorticoids, but the role of MKP-1 on mucin gene expression in the presence of macrolides in the human airway remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the MKP-1 protein is induced by clarithromycin and that clarithromycin suppresses TNF-α-induced MUC5AC mucin gene expression in a p38 MAPK-dependent manner in human airway epithelial (NCI-H292) cells. Our study thus provides new insights into the role of MKP-1 in mediating the effects of macrolides and may help in the development of new therapeutic strategies against mucin overproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said Ahmad Shah
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hajime Ishinaga
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiko Takeuchi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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18
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Keränen T, Moilanen E, Korhonen R. Suppression of cytokine production by glucocorticoids is mediated by MKP-1 in human lung epithelial cells. Inflamm Res 2017; 66:441-449. [PMID: 28299397 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-017-1028-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1 (MKP-1) expression is induced by inflammatory factors and serves as an endogenous p38 MAPK suppressor to limit inflammatory response. Glucocorticoids are very effective anti-inflammatory drugs and they are used for the treatment of many inflammatory diseases, such as asthma and COPD. We investigated the role of MKP-1 in the inhibition of cytokine production by dexamethasone in human A549 bronchial epithelial cells. We found that dexamethasone increased MKP-1 expression, inhibited p38 MAPK phosphorylation, and suppressed TNF and MIP-3α production in A549 cells. Interestingly, the suppression of p38 MAPK phosphorylation and the inhibition of TNF expression by dexamethasone were attenuated in cells, where MKP-1 expression was silenced by siRNA. In conclusion, these data suggest that dexamethasone increases MKP-1 expression and this results in the suppression of p38 MAPK signaling leading to the inhibition of cytokine production in human bronchial epithelial cells. These results point to the role of MKP-1 as an important factor in the therapeutic effects of glucocorticoids in the treatment of inflammatory lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiina Keränen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine, and Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere, FI-33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Eeva Moilanen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine, and Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere, FI-33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Riku Korhonen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine, and Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere, FI-33014, Tampere, Finland.
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19
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Huang H, Quan YY, Wang XP, Chen TS. Gold Nanoparticles of Diameter 13 nm Induce Apoptosis in Rabbit Articular Chondrocytes. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2016; 11:249. [PMID: 27178054 PMCID: PMC4870655 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-016-1461-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been widely used in biomedical science including antiarthritic agents, drug loading, and photothermal therapy. In this report, we studied the effects of AuNPs with diameters of 3, 13, and 45 nm, respectively, on rabbit articular chondrocytes. AuNPs were capped with citrate and their diameter and zeta potential were measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS). Cell viability was evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay after the rabbit articular chondrocytes were pre-incubated with 3, 13, and 45 nm AuNPs, respectively, for 24 h. Flow cytometry (FCM) analysis with annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) double staining and fluorescence imaging with Hoechst 33258 staining were used to determine the fashion of AuNPs-induced chondrocyte death. Further, 13 nm AuNPs (2 nM) significantly induced chondrocyte death accompanying apoptotic characteristics including mitochondrial damage, externalization of phosphatidylserine and nuclear concentration. However, 3 nm AuNPs (2 nM) and 45 nm (0.02 nM) AuNPs did not induce cytotoxicity in chondrocytes. Although 13 nm AuNPs (2 nM) increased the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, pretreatment with Nacetyl cysteine (NAC), a ROS scavenger, did not prevent the cytotoxicity induced by 13 nm AuNPs, indicating that 13 nm AuNPs (2 nM) induced ROS-independent apoptosis in chondrocytes. These results demonstrate the size-dependent cytotoxicity of AuNPs in chondrocytes, which must be seriously considered when using AuNPs for treatment of osteoarthritis (OA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Huang
- Department of Pain Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Ying-Yao Quan
- Department of Pain Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Wang
- Department of Pain Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
| | - Tong-Sheng Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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20
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Ye W, Zhong Z, Zhu S, Zheng S, Xiao J, Song S, Yu H, Wu Q, Lin Z, Chen J. Advanced oxidation protein products induce catabolic effect through oxidant-dependent activation of NF-κ B pathway in human chondrocyte. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 39:149-157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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21
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Botz B, Bölcskei K, Helyes Z. Challenges to develop novel anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 9. [PMID: 27576790 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory diseases and persistent pain of different origin represent common medical, social, and economic burden, and their pharmacotherapy is still an unresolved issue. Therefore, there is a great and urgent need to develop anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents with novel mechanisms of action, but it is a very challenging task. The main problem is the relatively large translational gap between the preclinical experimental data and the clinical results due to characteristics of the models, difficulties with the investigational techniques particularly for pain, as well as species differences in the mechanisms. We summarize here the current state-of-the-art medication and related ongoing strategies, and the novel targets with lead molecules under clinical development. The first members of the gold-standard categories, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, glucocorticoids, and opioids, were introduced decades ago, and since then very few drugs with novel mechanisms of action have been successfully taken to the clinics despite considerable development efforts. Several biologics targeting different key molecules have provided breakthrough in some autoimmune/inflammatory diseases, but they are expensive, only parenterally available, their long-term side effects often limit their administration, and they do not effectively reduce pain. Some kinase inhibitors and phosphodiesterase-4 blockers have recently been introduced as new directions. There are in fact some promising novel approaches at different clinical stages of drug development focusing on transient receptor potential vanilloid 1/ankyrin 1 channel antagonism, inhibition of voltage-gated sodium/calcium channels, several enzymes (kinases, semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidases, and matrix metalloproteinases), cytokines/chemokines, transcription factors, nerve growth factor, and modulation of several G protein-coupled receptors (cannabinoids, purinoceptors, and neuropeptides). WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2017, 9:e1427. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1427 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bálint Botz
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Kata Bölcskei
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,MTA-PTE NAP B Chronic Pain Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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22
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Broome DT, Datta NS. Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1: function and regulation in bone and related tissues. Connect Tissue Res 2016; 57:175-89. [PMID: 27031422 DOI: 10.3109/03008207.2015.1125480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we have highlighted work that has clearly demonstrated that mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphatase-1 (MKP-1), a negative regulator of MAPKs, is an important signaling mediator in bone, muscle, and fat tissue homeostasis and differentiation. Further, we examined recent studies with particular focus on MKP-1 overexpression or deletion and its impact on tissues connected to bone. We also summarized regulation of MKP-1 by known skeletal regulators like parathyroid hormone (PTH)/PTH-related peptide (PTHrP) and bone morphogenic proteins. MKP-1's integration into the pathophysiological state of osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, obesity, and muscular dystrophy are examined to emphasize possible involvement of MKP-1 both at the molecular level and in disease complications such as sarcopenia- or diabetes-related osteoporosis. We predict that understanding the mechanism of MKP-1-mediated signaling in bone-muscle-fat crosstalk will be a key in coordinating their activities and developing therapeutics to improve clinical outcomes for diseases associated with advanced age.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Broome
- a Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Nabanita S Datta
- a Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA
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23
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Anti-Inflammatory Effects of β2-Receptor Agonists Salbutamol and Terbutaline Are Mediated by MKP-1. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148144. [PMID: 26849227 PMCID: PMC4743993 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1 (MKP-1) expression is induced by inflammatory factors, and it is an endogenous suppressor of inflammatory response. MKP-1 expression is increased by PDE4 inhibitor rolipram suggesting that it is regulated by cAMP-enhancing compounds. Therefore, we investigated the effect of β2-receptor agonists on MKP-1 expression and inflammatory response. We found that β2-receptor agonists salbutamol and terbutaline, as well as 8-Br-cAMP, increased MKP-1 expression. Salbutamol and terbutaline also inhibited p38 MAPK phosphorylation and TNF production in J774 mouse macrophages. Interestingly, salbutamol suppressed carrageenan-induced paw inflammation in wild-type mice, but the effect was attenuated in MKP-1(-/-) mice. In conclusion, these data show that β2-receptor agonists increase MKP-1 expression, which seems to mediate, at least partly, the observed anti-inflammatory effects of β2-receptor agonists.
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24
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Hao PP, Li H, Lee MJ, Wang YP, Kim JH, Yu GR, Lee SY, Leem SH, Jang KY, Kim DG. Disruption of a regulatory loop between DUSP1 and p53 contributes to hepatocellular carcinoma development and progression. J Hepatol 2015; 62:1278-86. [PMID: 25617504 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Altered expression of dual specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1) is common in tumors including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and is predictive of tumor progression and poor prognosis. However, the tumor suppressive role of DUSP1 has yet to be clearly elucidated. METHODS The molecular mechanisms of tumor suppression that were investigated were induction of apoptosis, cell cycle inhibition, and regulation of p53. Additionally, the antitumor effect of DUSP1 was assessed using a mouse model. Associated signaling pathways in HCC cells and tissues were examined. RESULTS Downregulation of DUSP1 expression was significantly correlated with poor differentiation (p<0.001) and advanced HCC stage (p=0.023). DUSP1 expression resulted in HCC suppression and longer survival (p=0.0002) in a xenoplant mice model. DUSP1 inhibited p38 MAPK phosphorylation and subsequently suppressed HSP27 activation, resulting in enhanced p53 phosphorylation at sites S15, S20, and S46 in HCC cells. Enhanced p53 activation induced the expression of target genes p21 and p27, which are linked to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Thus, DUSP1 was potentially linked to p53 activation via the p38 MAPK/HSP27 pathway. Wild-type but not mutant p53 transcriptionally upregulated DUSP1 via its DNA-binding domain. DUSP1 and p53 might collaborate to suppress tumors in hepatocarcinogenesis via a positive regulatory loop. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed that disruption of a positive regulatory loop between DUSP1 and p53 promoted HCC development and progression, providing a rationale for a therapeutic agent that restores DUSP1 in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Pei Hao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Hua Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Jin Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Peng Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyun Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Goung-Ran Yu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yeop Lee
- Division of Life Science Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, 305-806 Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Leem
- Department of Biological Science, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Yun Jang
- Department of Pathology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Ghon Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Hömmö T, Pesu M, Moilanen E, Korhonen R. Regulation of Inflammatory Cytokine Production by MKP-5 in Macrophages. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2015; 117:96-104. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tuija Hömmö
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group; University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital; Tampere Finland
| | - Marko Pesu
- Immunoregulation; BioMediTech; University of Tampere; Tampere Finland
- Department of Dermatology and Fimlab Laboratories; Pirkanmaa Hospital District; Tampere Finland
| | - Eeva Moilanen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group; University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital; Tampere Finland
| | - Riku Korhonen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group; University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital; Tampere Finland
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Korhonen R, Hömmö T, Keränen T, Laavola M, Hämäläinen M, Vuolteenaho K, Lehtimäki L, Kankaanranta H, Moilanen E. Attenuation of TNF production and experimentally induced inflammation by PDE4 inhibitor rolipram is mediated by MAPK phosphatase-1. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 169:1525-36. [PMID: 23849041 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Revised: 03/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE 3',5'-Cyclic nucleotide PDE4 is expressed in several inflammatory and immune cells, and PDE4 catalyses the hydrolysis of cAMP to 5'AMP, down-regulating cAMP signalling in cells. MAPK phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) is an endogenous p38 MAPK signalling suppressor and limits inflammatory gene expression and inflammation. In the present study, we investigated the effect of a PDE4 inhibitor rolipram on MKP-1 expression and whether MKP-1 is involved in the anti-inflammatory effects of rolipram. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The effect of rolipram on TNF production was investigated in J774 mouse macrophage cell line and in primary mouse peritoneal macrophages (PM) from wild-type (WT) and MKP-1(-/-) mice. We also investigated the effect of rolipram on carrageenan-induced paw inflammation in WT and MKP-1(-/-) mice. KEY RESULTS MKP-1 expression was enhanced by rolipram, by a non-selective PDE inhibitor IBMX and by a cAMP analogue 8-Br-cAMP in J774 cells and in PM. Enhanced MKP-1 mRNA expression by rolipram was reversed by a PKA inhibitor. Rolipram, IBMX and 8-Br-cAMP also inhibited TNF production in activated macrophages. Accordingly, rolipram inhibited TNF production in PMs from WT mice but, interestingly, not in PMs from MKP-1(-/-) mice. Furthermore, rolipram attenuated carrageenan-induced paw inflammation in WT but not in MKP-1(-/-) mice. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS PDE4 inhibitor rolipram was found to enhance the expression of MKP-1, and MKP-1 mediated, at least partly, the anti-inflammatory effects of PDE4 inhibition. The results suggest that compounds that enhance MKP-1 expression and/or MKP-1 activity hold potential as novel anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riku Korhonen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
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Tuure L, Hämäläinen M, Moilanen T, Moilanen E. Aurothiomalate inhibits the expression of mPGES-1 in primary human chondrocytes. Scand J Rheumatol 2014; 44:74-9. [PMID: 25314295 DOI: 10.3109/03009742.2014.927917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) is a terminal enzyme in the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and its expression is upregulated during inflammation. mPGES-1 is considered as a potential drug target for the treatment of arthritis to reduce adverse effects related to the current non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Our aim was to study the expression of mPGES-1 in primary human chondrocytes and whether the expression is affected by clinically used antirheumatic drugs. METHOD Primary human chondrocytes were isolated from cartilage samples obtained from patients undergoing total knee replacement surgery. Expression of mPGES-1 was studied by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot analysis. PGE2 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS mPGES-1 expression in primary human chondrocytes was enhanced when the cells were exposed to interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and mPGES-1 protein levels continued to increase up to the 96-h follow-up. Aurothiomalate inhibited mPGES-1 expression and PGE2 production in a dose-dependent manner, as did the anti-inflammatory steroid dexamethasone. Other disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) studied (sulfasalazine, methotrexate, and hydroxychloroquine) did not alter mPGES-1 expression. CONCLUSIONS The results introduce aurothiomalate as the first, and so far the only, DMARD found to be able to inhibit mPGES-1 expression. The effect is likely involved in the mechanisms of action of this gold-containing DMARD in rheumatic diseases. The results are implicated in the regulatory mechanisms of mPGES-1 expression, which are under intensive research.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Tuure
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital , Tampere , Finland
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Minashima T, Zhang Y, Lee Y, Kirsch T. Lithium protects against cartilage degradation in osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2014; 66:1228-36. [PMID: 24470226 DOI: 10.1002/art.38373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the actions of lithium chloride (LiCl) on catabolic events in human articular chondrocytes, and the effects of LiCl on the progression and severity of cartilage degradation in interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-treated mouse knee joints and after surgical induction of osteoarthritis (OA) in a mouse model. METHODS Human articular chondrocytes were treated with LiCl followed by IL-1β, and the expression levels of catabolic genes were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. To understand the mechanism by which LiCl affects catabolic events in articular chondrocytes after IL-1β treatment, the activation of NF-κB was determined using luciferase reporter assays, and the activities of MAPKs and the STAT-3 signaling pathway were determined by immunoblot analysis of total cell lysates. Cultures of mouse femoral head explants treated with IL-1β and a mouse model of surgically induced OA were used to determine the effects of LiCl on proteoglycan loss and cartilage degradation. RESULTS LiCl treatment resulted in decreased catabolic marker messenger RNA levels and activation of NF-κB, p38 MAPK, and STAT-3 signaling in IL-1β-treated articular chondrocytes. Furthermore, LiCl directly inhibited IL-6-stimulated activation of STAT-3 signaling. Consequently, the loss of proteoglycan and severity of cartilage destruction in LiCl-treated mouse knee joints 8 weeks after OA induction surgery or in LiCl-treated mouse femoral head explants after IL-1β treatment were markedly reduced compared to that in vehicle-treated joints or explants. CONCLUSION LiCl reduced catabolic events in IL-1β-treated human articular chondrocytes and attenuated the severity of cartilage destruction in IL-1β-treated mouse femoral head explants and in the knee joints of mice with surgically induced OA, acting via inhibition of the activities of the NF-κB, p38, and STAT-3 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Minashima
- New York University School of Medicine and Hospital for Joint Diseases, New York, New York
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Moilanen E. Two faces of inflammation: an immunopharmacological view. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2014; 114:2-6. [PMID: 24286361 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a protective response intended to eliminate pathogens and other offending agents which have potential to cause cell injury, as well as malignant and necrotic cells. However, if the inflammatory response is dysregulated or inappropriately focused, it has considerable potential to cause harm and can lead to development of inflammatory diseases such as allergic and autoimmune diseases. Despite the recent success in cytokine-targeted therapies, for example by the use of specific biological drugs, there are still considerable unmet needs in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Further, recent discoveries in many diseases in addition to the classical inflammatory diseases have revealed inflammation to be a major factor participating in the underlying pathophysiological processes, either through activation of inflammatory cells or through triggering of inflammatory signalling mechanisms in the tissue cells. Examples of such diseases and conditions are many cardiovascular, metabolic and degenerative diseases, as well as cancer, obesity and pain. This brings the immunopharmacological approach into a new perspective in the drug development in very wide therapeutic areas. Immunopharmacology investigates mechanisms of inflammation and potential molecules and targets to treat inflammatory diseases. The current issue of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology focuses on some of the novel inflammatory mechanisms with potential in anti-inflammatory drug development, including kinase pathways, TRP ion channels, eicosanoid system, obesity-related adipokines, autoantibodies against citrullinated proteins, eosinophils, platelets and pathways connecting nervous and immune systems. The MiniReviews are based on lectures given at the symposium "Novel Drugs and Drug Targets to Treat Inflammation" in Ylläs, Finland, in March 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eeva Moilanen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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Meier FMP, Frerix M, Hermann W, Müller-Ladner U. Current immunotherapy in rheumatoid arthritis. Immunotherapy 2014; 5:955-74. [PMID: 23998731 DOI: 10.2217/imt.13.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is a common autoimmune disease primarily manifesting as chronic synovitis, subsequently leading to a change in joint integrity. Progressive disability and systemic complications are strongly associated with a decreased quality of life. To maintain function and health in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, early, aggressive and guided immunosuppressive therapy is required to induce clinical remission. Antirheumatic drugs are capable of controlling synovial inflammation and are therefore named 'disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs' (DMARDs). This article aims to bridge the beginning of DMARD therapy with agents such as methotrexate, leflunomide, sulfasalazine, injectable gold and (hydroxy)chloroquine with biological therapies, and with the new era of kinase inhibitors. Mechanisms of action, as well as advantages and disadvantages of DMARDs, are discussed with respect to the current literature and current recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian M P Meier
- Department of Internal Medicine & Rheumatology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Kerckhoff-Klinik, Bad Nauheim, Germany
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31
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Labens R, Lascelles BDX, Charlton AN, Ferrero NR, Van Wettere AJ, Xia XR, Blikslager AT. Ex vivo effect of gold nanoparticles on porcine synovial membrane. Tissue Barriers 2014; 1:e24314. [PMID: 24665389 PMCID: PMC3879126 DOI: 10.4161/tisb.24314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have great potential as carriers for local drug delivery and as a primary therapeutic for treatment of inflammation. Here we report on the AuNP-synovium interaction in an ex vivo model of intra-articular application for treatment of joint inflammation. Sheets of porcine femoropatellar synovium were obtained post mortem and each side of the tissue samples was maintained in a separate fluid environment. Permeability to AuNPs of different sizes (5-52 nm) and biomarker levels of inflammation were determined to characterize the ex vivo particle interaction with the synovium. Lipopolysaccharide or recombinant human interleukin-1β were added to fluid environments to assess the ex vivo effect of pro-inflammatory factors on permeability and biomarker levels. The synovium showed size selective permeability with only 5 nm AuNPs effectively permeating the entire tissues' width. This process was further governed by particle stability in the fluid environment. AuNPs reduced matrix metalloproteinase and lactate dehydrogenase activity and hyaluronic acid concentrations but had no effect on prostaglandin E2 levels. Exposure to pro-inflammatory factors did not significantly affect AuNP permeation or biomarker levels in this model. Results with ex vivo tissue modeling of porcine synovium support an anti-inflammatory effect of AuNPs warranting further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Labens
- Center for Comparative Medicine & Translational Research; College of Veterinary Medicine; North Carolina State University; Raleigh, NC USA
| | - B Duncan X Lascelles
- Center for Comparative Medicine & Translational Research; College of Veterinary Medicine; North Carolina State University; Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Anna N Charlton
- Center for Comparative Medicine & Translational Research; College of Veterinary Medicine; North Carolina State University; Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Nicole R Ferrero
- Center for Comparative Medicine & Translational Research; College of Veterinary Medicine; North Carolina State University; Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Arnaud J Van Wettere
- Center for Comparative Medicine & Translational Research; College of Veterinary Medicine; North Carolina State University; Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Xin-Riu Xia
- Department of Biology; College of Agriculture and Life Sciences; North Carolina State University; Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Anthony T Blikslager
- Center for Comparative Medicine & Translational Research; College of Veterinary Medicine; North Carolina State University; Raleigh, NC USA
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32
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Azizi G, Boghozian R, Mirshafiey A. The potential role of angiogenic factors in rheumatoid arthritis. Int J Rheum Dis 2014; 17:369-83. [PMID: 24467605 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.12280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is an important phenomenon in the pathogenesis of some diseases, such as numerous types of tumors and autoimmunity, and also a number of soluble and cell-bound factors may stimulate neovascularization in inflammatory reaction processes. Here, by highlighting the significance of angiogenesis reaction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), we will mainly focus on the role of various growth factors, cytokines, enzymes, cells, hypoxic conditions and transcription factors in the angiogenic process and we will then explain some therapeutic strategies based on blockage of angiogenesis and modification of the vascular pathology in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Azizi
- Imam Hassan Mojtaba Hospital, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
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33
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Structural and biochemical insights into the homotypic PB1-PB1 complex between PKCζ and p62. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2013; 57:69-80. [PMID: 24369353 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-013-4592-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The atypical PKC isoforms (ζ and ı) play essential roles in regulating various cellular processes. Both the hetero-interaction between PKCζ and p62 through their N-terminal PB1 domains and the homo-oligomerization of p62 via its PB1 domain are critical for the activation of NF-κB signaling; however, the molecular mechanisms concerning the formation and regulation of these homotypic complexes remain unclear. Here we determined the crystal structure of PKCζ-PB1 in complex with a monomeric p62-PB1 mutant, where the massive electrostatic interactions between the acidic OPCA motif of PKCζ-PB1 and the basic surface of p62-PB1, as well as additional hydrogen bonds, ensure the formation of a stable and specific complex. The PKCζ-p62 interaction is interfered with the modification of a specific Cys of PKCζ by the antiarthritis drug aurothiomalate, though all four cysteine residues in the PKCζ-PB1 domain can be modified in in vitro assay. In addition, detailed structural and biochemical analyses demonstrate that the PB1 domains of aPKCs belong to the type I group, which can depolymerize the high-molecular-weight p62 aggregates into homo-oligomers of lower order. These data together unravel the molecular mechanisms of the homo-or hetero-interactions between p62 and PKCζ and provide the basis for designing inhibitors of NF-κB signaling.
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Korhonen R, Moilanen E. Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1 as an inflammatory factor and drug target. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2013; 114:24-36. [PMID: 24112275 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are signaling proteins that are activated through phosphorylation, and they regulate many physiological and pathophysiological processes in cells. Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1 (MKP-1) is an inducible nuclear phosphatase that dephosphorylates MAPKs, and thus, it is a negative feedback regulator of MAPK activity. MKP-1 has been found as a key endogenous suppressor of innate immune responses, as well as a regulator of the onset and course of adaptive immune responses. Altered MKP-1 signaling is implicated in chronic inflammatory diseases in man. Interestingly, MKP-1 expression and protein function have been found to be regulated by certain anti-inflammatory drugs, namely by glucocorticoids, antirheumatic gold compounds and PDE4 inhibitors, and MKP-1 has been shown to mediate many of their anti-inflammatory effects. In this Mini Review, we summarize the effect of MKP-1 in the regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses and its role as a potential anti-inflammatory drug target and review recent findings concerning the role of MKP-1 in certain anti-inflammatory drug effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riku Korhonen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; Department of Clinical Pharmacology &Toxicology, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland
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Resolution of inflammation: mechanisms and opportunity for drug development. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 139:189-212. [PMID: 23583354 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a beneficial host reaction to tissue damage and has the essential primary purpose of restoring tissue homeostasis. Inflammation plays a major role in containing and resolving infection and may also occur under sterile conditions. The cardinal signs of inflammation dolor, calor, tumor and rubor are intrinsically associated with events including vasodilatation, edema and leukocyte trafficking into the site of inflammation. If uncontrolled or unresolved, inflammation itself can lead to further tissue damage and give rise to chronic inflammatory diseases and autoimmunity with eventual loss of organ function. It is now evident that the resolution of inflammation is an active continuous process that occurs during an acute inflammatory episode. Successful resolution requires activation of endogenous programs with switch from production of pro-inflammatory towards pro-resolving molecules, such as specific lipid mediators and annexin A1, and the non-phlogistic elimination of granulocytes by apoptosis with subsequent removal by surrounding macrophages. These processes ensure rapid restoration of tissue homeostasis. Here, we review recent advances in the understanding of resolution of inflammation, highlighting the pharmacological strategies that may interfere with the molecular pathways which control leukocyte survival and clearance. Such strategies have proved beneficial in several pre-clinical models of inflammatory diseases, suggesting that pharmacological modulation of the resolution process may be useful for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases in humans.
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36
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Cheng T, Zhang L, Fu X, Wang W, Xu H, Song H, Zhang Y. The potential protective effects of calcitonin involved in coordinating chondrocyte response, extracellular matrix, and subchondral trabecular bone in experimental osteoarthritis. Connect Tissue Res 2013; 54:139-46. [PMID: 23323719 DOI: 10.3109/03008207.2012.760549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Previous reports indicate a potential role for calcitonin (CT) in the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA). To evaluate this potential therapeutic role, we investigated the effect of CT pretreatment on the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) in interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-induced chondrocytes, and further assessed its protective effect in a rat model of anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT), using sham-operated and saline-treated controls. Using western blotting in vitro, we found that CT pretreatment inhibited the IL-1β-induced phosphorylation of 38,000-dalton protein (p38) and extracellular regulated protein 1/2 (ERK1/2) and reduced the expression of MMP-13 protein. For the in vivo experiment, 30 male rats were randomly divided into three groups of 10, subjected to bilateral ACLT or sham surgery, and then treated for 12 weeks with subcutaneous injections of CT or normal saline. Histological observations showed that CT treatment reduced the severity of the cartilage lesions stemming from the ACLT surgery and provided a lower Mankin score when compared with that determined for rats in the saline-treated ACLT group. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that CT treatment increased type II collagen expression and decreased MMP-3 and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs-4 (ADAMTS-4) expression when compared with the saline-treated group. Subchondral bone analysis indicated that CT treatment inhibited the reduction in bone mineral density observed in the saline-treated ACLT group and reduced the ACLT-induced destruction to the subchondral trabecular microstructure. Our data demonstrate that CT induces its protective effects by reducing the chondrocyte response to inflammatory stimuli, cartilage extracellular matrix degradation, and subchondral trabecular microstructure damages brought on by OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Cheng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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37
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Xin W, Huang C, Zhang X, Zhang G, Ma X, Sun L, Wang C, Zhang D, Zhang T, Du G. Evaluation of the new anti-inflammatory compound ethyl salicylate 2-O-β-d-glucoside and its possible mechanism of action. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 15:303-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2012.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Revised: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Chua KH, Lee TH, Nagandran K, Md Yahaya NH, Lee CT, Tjih ETT, Abdul Aziz R. Edible Bird's nest extract as a chondro-protective agent for human chondrocytes isolated from osteoarthritic knee: in vitro study. Altern Ther Health Med 2013; 13:19. [PMID: 23339380 PMCID: PMC3558384 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease that results in the destruction of cartilage. Edible Bird’s Nest (EBN) extract contains important components, which can reduce the progression of osteoarthritis and helps in the regeneration of the cartilage. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of EBN extract on the catabolic and anabolic activities of the human articular chondrocytes (HACs) isolated from the knee joint of patients with OA. Methods A single batch of EBN extract was prepared with hot-water extraction and coded as HMG. HACs were isolated from the knee joint cartilage removed during surgery. The optimum concentration of HMG for HAC cultures was determined using MTT assay. The effect of HMG on the catabolic and anabolic genes’ expression in HACs was measured by real-time PCR. The total amount of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production was determined by ELISA method, and the total sulphated glycosaminoglycan (GAGs) production was quantified by 1,9-dimethylmethylene blue (DMMB) assay. Results MTT assay showed 0.50% - 1.00% HMG supplementation promoted HACs proliferation. HMG supplementation was able to reduce the catabolic genes’ expression in cultured HACs such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMP1 & MMP3), Interleukin 1, 6 and 8 (IL-1, IL-6 & IL-8), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production was significantly reduced in HAC cultures supplemented with HMG. With regard to anabolic activity assessment, type II collagen, Aggrecan and SOX-9 gene expression as well as sGAG production was increased in the HMG supplemented groups. Conclusion Edible Bird’s Nest extract coded as HMG demonstrated chondro-protection ability on human articular chondrocytes in vitro. It reduced catabolic activities and increased cartilage extracellular matrix synthesis. It is concluded that HMG is a potential agent in the treatment of osteoarthritis.
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Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus suppression of DUSP1 facilitates cellular pathogenesis following de novo infection. J Virol 2012; 87:621-35. [PMID: 23097457 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01441-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the causative agent of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), and KSHV activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) initiates a number of key pathogenic determinants of KS. Direct inhibition of signal transduction as a therapeutic approach presents several challenges, and a better understanding of KSHV-induced mechanisms regulating MAPK activation may facilitate the development of new treatment or prevention strategies for KS. MAPK phosphatases, including dual-specificity phosphatase-1 (DUSP1), negatively regulate signal transduction and cytokine activation through MAPK dephosphorylation or interference with effector molecule binding to MAPKs, including the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). We found that ERK-dependent latent viral gene expression, the induction of promigratory factors, and cell invasiveness following de novo infection of primary human endothelial cells are in part dependent on KSHV suppression of DUSP1 expression during de novo infection. KSHV-encoded miR-K12-11 upregulates the expression of xCT (an amino acid transporter and KSHV fusion/entry receptor), and existing data indicate a role for xCT in the regulation of 14-3-3β, a transcriptional repressor of DUSP1. We found that miR-K12-11 induces endothelial cell secretion of promigratory factors and cell invasiveness through upregulation of xCT-dependent, 14-3-3β-mediated suppression of DUSP1. Finally, proof-of-principle experiments revealed that pharmacologic upregulation of DUSP1 inhibits the induction of promigratory factors and cell invasiveness during de novo KSHV infection. These data reveal an indirect role for miR-K12-11 in the regulation of DUSP1 and downstream pathogenesis.
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Keyßer G. [Conventional basis therapy of rheumatoid arthritis. Effects within and outside cells]. Z Rheumatol 2012; 71:468-72. [PMID: 22802023 DOI: 10.1007/s00393-011-0878-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) were formerly introduced into the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic disorders on an empirical basis. In many cases their mode of action is only partially understood but as a rule of thumb they act on more than one point within the cellular metabolism. Less often they exert biological effects in the extracellular space or on the cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Keyßer
- Department für Innere Medizin, Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Universitätsklinikum Halle, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06097, Halle (Saale), Deutschland.
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Huotari N, Hömmö T, Taimi V, Nieminen R, Moilanen E, Korhonen R. Regulation of tristetraprolin expression by mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1. APMIS 2012; 120:988-99. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2012.02927.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noora Huotari
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group; University of Tampere School of Medicine; and Tampere University Hospital; Tampere; Finland
| | - Tuija Hömmö
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group; University of Tampere School of Medicine; and Tampere University Hospital; Tampere; Finland
| | - Ville Taimi
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group; University of Tampere School of Medicine; and Tampere University Hospital; Tampere; Finland
| | - Riina Nieminen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group; University of Tampere School of Medicine; and Tampere University Hospital; Tampere; Finland
| | - Eeva Moilanen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group; University of Tampere School of Medicine; and Tampere University Hospital; Tampere; Finland
| | - Riku Korhonen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group; University of Tampere School of Medicine; and Tampere University Hospital; Tampere; Finland
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TRPA1 contributes to the acute inflammatory response and mediates carrageenan-induced paw edema in the mouse. Sci Rep 2012; 2:380. [PMID: 22532928 PMCID: PMC3334855 DOI: 10.1038/srep00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) is an ion channel involved in thermosensation and nociception. TRPA1 is activated by exogenous irritants and also by oxidants formed in inflammatory reactions. However, our understanding of its role in inflammation is limited. Here, we tested the hypothesis that TRPA1 is involved in acute inflammatory edema. The TRPA1 agonist allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) induced inflammatory edema when injected intraplantarly to mice, mimicking the classical response to carrageenan. Interestingly, the TRPA1 antagonist HC-030031 and the cyclo-oxygenase (COX) inhibitor ibuprofen inhibited not only AITC but also carrageenan-induced edema. TRPA1-deficient mice displayed attenuated responses to carrageenan and AITC. Furthermore, AITC enhanced COX-2 expression in HEK293 cells transfected with human TRPA1, a response that was reversed by HC-030031. This study demonstrates a hitherto unknown role of TRPA1 in carrageenan-induced inflammatory edema. The results also strongly suggest that TRPA1 contributes, in a COX-dependent manner, to the development of acute inflammation.
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The expression of interleukin-12 is increased by MAP kinase phosphatase-1 through a mechanism related to interferon regulatory factor 1. Mol Immunol 2012; 51:219-26. [PMID: 22464096 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2012.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) is a nuclear tyrosine/threonine phosphatase that inhibits p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity. We and others have shown that MKP-1 deficiency leads to excessive activation of innate immunity and inflammatory gene expression. Surprisingly, the present study shows that MKP-1 is a positive regulator of IL-12 expression in macrophages suggesting a stimulatory effect on Th1 type immune response. In the present study, we found that LPS-induced expression of IL-12p40 was lower in primary mouse peritoneal macrophages (PMs) and bone marrow-derived macrophages from MKP-1 deficient mice than in cells from wild-type mice whereas TNF expression was enhanced as expected. Correspondingly, the inhibition of p38 MAPK by pharmacologic inhibitors BIRB 796 and SB 202190 enhanced LPS-induced IL-12p40 production. Silencing of interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) by siRNA inhibited the expression of IL-12p40 in J774 macrophages, showing that IRF1 is an important factor regulating IL-12p40 expression. BIRB 796 enhanced LPS-induced expression of IRF1 in J774 macrophages and in PMs from wild-type mice, and IRF1 expression was reduced in PMs from MKP-1 deficient mice. In conclusions, our results show that MKP-1 increases and p38 MAPK decreases the expression of IL-12 by enhancing the expression of IRF1. MKP-1, through regulation of IRF1 and IL-12, therefore may be an important factor supporting the development of Th1 type of immune response and anti-microbial defense.
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Cheung JM, Scarsbrook D, Klinkhoff AV. Characterization of patients with arthritis referred for gold therapy in the era of biologics. J Rheumatol 2012; 39:716-9. [PMID: 22337247 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.111097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical characteristics of patients referred for gold therapy and determine the reason for referral. METHODS We conducted a chart review of patients referred for gold at the Mary Pack Arthritis Program, Vancouver, Canada, from July 2007 to July 2009. RESULTS The sample included 69 female and 12 male patients. Diagnosis was rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in 71/81, psoriatic arthritis in 5, juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) in 2, Sjögren syndrome in 1, undifferentiated polyarthritis in 1, and spondyloarthritis in 1. Twenty of 81 patients had received gold before: 15 were referred for a second course, 4 a third course, and 1 a fourth course. Ten of 81 patients were referred for gold as their first disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD). Seventy-one had received prior DMARD: 1 prior DMARD in 22 patients, 2 in 24 patients, 3 in 15 patients, and > 3 in 6 patients. Four patients had received prior biologic therapy plus 2 to 4 prior DMARD. Twelve of 71 received gold monotherapy, 56/71 received gold/DMARD combinations, and 3 received gold/biologic/DMARD combinations. Reasons for referral included failure of other DMARD in 54 patients, limited DMARD options in 50 (chronic liver disease in 34, sulfa allergy in 7, high alcohol consumption in 5, and planning pregnancy in 4), physician choice in 12, previous benefit from gold in 10, benefit of clinic support in 10, inappropriate for biologics in 7, patient choice in 4, and failure of biologics in 3. CONCLUSION The most common reasons for referral to gold clinic in 2007 to 2009 are failure of other DMARD and limited DMARD options due to underlying liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Cheung
- Mary Pack Arthritis Centre, 895 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L7, Canada
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Wancket LM, Frazier WJ, Liu Y. Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase (MKP)-1 in immunology, physiology, and disease. Life Sci 2012; 90:237-48. [PMID: 22197448 PMCID: PMC3465723 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2011.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Revised: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are key regulators of cellular physiology and immune responses, and abnormalities in MAPKs are implicated in many diseases. MAPKs are activated by MAPK kinases through phosphorylation of the threonine and tyrosine residues in the conserved Thr-Xaa-Tyr domain, where Xaa represents amino acid residues characteristic of distinct MAPK subfamilies. Since MAPKs play a crucial role in a variety of cellular processes, a delicate regulatory network has evolved to control their activities. Over the past two decades, a group of dual specificity MAPK phosphatases (MKPs) has been identified that deactivates MAPKs. Since MAPKs can enhance MKP activities, MKPs are considered as an important feedback control mechanism that limits the MAPK cascades. This review outlines the role of MKP-1, a prototypical MKP family member, in physiology and disease. We will first discuss the basic biochemistry and regulation of MKP-1. Next, we will present the current consensus on the immunological and physiological functions of MKP-1 in infectious, inflammatory, metabolic, and nervous system diseases as revealed by studies using animal models. We will also discuss the emerging evidence implicating MKP-1 in human disorders. Finally, we will conclude with a discussion of the potential for pharmacomodulation of MKP-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyn M. Wancket
- Department of Veterinary Bioscience, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH 43221
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43205
| | - W. Joshua Frazier
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43205
| | - Yusen Liu
- Department of Veterinary Bioscience, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH 43221
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43205
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Valachová K, Vargová A, Rapta P, Hrabárová E, Dráfi F, Bauerová K, Juránek I, Soltés L. Aurothiomalate as preventive and chain-breaking antioxidant in radical degradation of high-molar-mass hyaluronan. Chem Biodivers 2011; 8:1274-83. [PMID: 21766448 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201000351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The potential anti- or pro-oxidative effects of a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug, aurothiomalate, to protect high-molar-mass hyaluronan against radical degradation were investigated along with L-glutathione - tested in similar functions. Hyaluronan degradation was induced by the oxidative system Cu(II) plus ascorbate known as the Weissberger's oxidative system. The time- and dose-dependent changes of the dynamic viscosity of the hyaluronan solutions were studied by the method of rotational viscometry. Additionally, the antioxidative activity of aurothiomalate expressed as a radical-scavenging capacity based on a decolorization 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assay was inspected. At the higher concentrations tested, L-glutathione showed excellent scavenging of (.) OH and peroxyl-type radicals, however, at the lowest concentration applied, its pro-oxidative effect was revealed. The effects of aurothiomalate on hyaluronan degradation were similar to that of L-glutathione, however, at the lowest concentration tested, no significant pro-oxidant effect was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarína Valachová
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, SK-84104, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Korhonen R, Turpeinen T, Taimi V, Nieminen R, Goulas A, Moilanen E. Attenuation of the acute inflammatory response by dual specificity phosphatase 1 by inhibition of p38 MAP kinase. Mol Immunol 2011; 48:2059-68. [PMID: 21764456 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2011.06.439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Revised: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dual specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1) dephosphorylates and, hence, regulates the activity of MAP kinases. The present study investigated the effect of DUSP1 on inflammatory gene expression and on the development of carrageenan-induced inflammation. It was found that DUSP1 expression was increased by LPS, and the down-regulation of DUSP1 by siRNA enhanced the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, while JNK phosphorylation was not affected in murine macrophages. LPS-induced interleukin (IL)-6, tumor-necrosis factor (TNF) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) expression were enhanced in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) from DUSP1(-/-) mice as compared to those from wild-type mice. In addition, down-regulation of DUSP1 by siRNA enhanced IL-6, TNF and COX2 expression in J774 macrophages, while p38 MAPK inhibitors SB202190 and BIRB 796 inhibited the expression of those inflammatory factors. In vivo, the intensity of the carrageenan-induced paw edema reaction was increased in DUSP1(-/-) mice as compared to the wild-type animals. In conclusion, DUSP1 is an important negative regulator of the acute inflammatory response by limiting p38 MAPK, and compounds which enhance DUSP1 expression or activity may hold a promise as anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riku Korhonen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
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Dual specificity phosphatase 1 regulates human inducible nitric oxide synthase expression by p38 MAP kinase. Mediators Inflamm 2011; 2011:127587. [PMID: 21547253 PMCID: PMC3086212 DOI: 10.1155/2011/127587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of dual specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1) in inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in A549 human pulmonary epithelial cells, J774 mouse macrophages and primary mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) was investigated. iNOS expression was induced by a cytokine mixture (TNF, IFNγ and IL-1β) in A549 cells and by LPS in J774 cells, and it was inhibited by p38 MAPK inhibitors SB202190 and BIRB 796. Stimulation with cytokine mixture or LPS enhanced also DUSP1 expression. Down-regulation of DUSP1 by siRNA increased p38 MAPK phosphorylation and iNOS expression in A549 and J774 cells. In addition, LPS-induced iNOS expression was enhanced in BMMs from DUSP1(−/−) mice as compared to that in BMMs from wild-type mice. The results indicate that DUSP1 suppresses iNOS expression by limiting p38 MAPK activity in human and mouse cells. Compounds that enhance DUSP1 expression or modulate its function may be beneficial in diseases complicated with increased iNOS-mediated NO production.
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Couillard J, Estève PO, Pradhan S, St-Pierre Y. 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine and interleukin-1 cooperate to regulate matrix metalloproteinase-3 gene expression. Int J Cancer 2011; 129:2083-92. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Petković M, Kamčeva T. FAB, ESI and MALDI Mass Spectrometric methods in the study of metallo-drugs and their biomolecular interactions. Metallomics 2011; 3:550-65. [DOI: 10.1039/c0mt00096e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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