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Systematic review of robust experimental models of rheumatoid arthritis for basic research. DIGITAL CHINESE MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dcmed.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Tuncel J, Holmberg J, Haag S, Hopkins MH, Wester-Rosenlöf L, Carlsen S, Olofsson P, Holmdahl R. Self-reactive T cells induce and perpetuate chronic relapsing arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2020; 22:95. [PMID: 32345366 PMCID: PMC7187533 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-020-2104-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD4+ T cells play a central role during the early stages of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but to which extent they are required for the perpetuation of the disease is still not fully understood. The aim of the current study was to obtain conclusive evidence that T cells drive chronic relapsing arthritis. METHODS We used the rat pristane-induced arthritis model, which accurately portrays the chronic relapsing-remitting disease course of RA, to examine the contribution of T cells to chronic arthritis. RESULTS Rats subjected to whole-body irradiation and injected with CD4+ T cells from lymph nodes of pristane-injected donors developed chronic arthritis that lasted for more than 4 months, whereas T cells from the spleen only induced acute disease. Thymectomy in combination with irradiation enhanced the severity of arthritis, suggesting that sustained lymphopenia promotes T cell-driven chronic inflammation in this model. The ability of T cells to induce chronic arthritis correlated with their expression of Th17-associated transcripts, and while depletion of T cells in rats with chronic PIA led to transient, albeit significant, reduction in disease, neutralization of IL-17 resulted in almost complete and sustained remission. CONCLUSION These findings show that, once activated, self-reactive T cells can sustain inflammatory responses for extended periods of time and suggest that such responses are promoted in the presence of IL-17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan Tuncel
- Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jens Holmberg
- Section for Medical Inflammation Research, BMCI11, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sabrina Haag
- Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Lena Wester-Rosenlöf
- Section for Medical Inflammation Research, BMCI11, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Stefan Carlsen
- Section for Medical Inflammation Research, BMCI11, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Peter Olofsson
- Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rikard Holmdahl
- Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Section for Medical Inflammation Research, BMCI11, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Tong D, Lönnblom E, Yau ACY, Nandakumar KS, Liang B, Ge C, Viljanen J, Li L, Bãlan M, Klareskog L, Chagin AS, Gjertsson I, Kihlberg J, Zhao M, Holmdahl R. A Shared Epitope of Collagen Type XI and Type II Is Recognized by Pathogenic Antibodies in Mice and Humans with Arthritis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:451. [PMID: 29706949 PMCID: PMC5906551 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Collagen XI (CXI) is a heterotrimeric molecule with triple helical structure in which the α3(XI) chain is identical to the α1(II) chain of collagen II (CII), but with extensive posttranslational modifications. CXI molecules are intermingled in the cartilage collagen fibers, which are mainly composed of CII. One of the alpha chains in CXI is shared with CII and contains the immunodominant T cell epitope, but it is unclear whether there are shared B cell epitopes as the antibodies tend to recognize the triple helical structures. Methods Mice expressing the susceptible immune response gene Aq were immunized with CII or CXI. Serum antibody responses were measured, monoclonal antibodies were isolated and analyzed for specificity to CII, CXI, and triple helical collagen peptides using bead-based multiplex immunoassays, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and Western blots. Arthritogenicity of the antibodies was investigated by passive transfer experiments. Results Immunization with CII or CXI leads to a strong T and B cell response, including a cross-reactive response to both collagen types. Immunization with CII leads to severe arthritis in mice, with a response toward CXI at the chronic stage, whereas CXI immunization induces very mild arthritis only. A series of monoclonal antibodies to CXI were isolated and of these, the L10D9 antibody bound to both CXI and CII equally strong, with a specific binding for the D3 epitope region of α3(XI) or α1(II) chain. The L10D9 antibody binds cartilage in vivo and induced severe arthritis. In contrast, the L5F3 antibody only showed weak binding and L7D8 antibody has no binding to cartilage and did not induce arthritis. The arthritogenic L10D9 antibody bound to an epitope shared with CII, the triple helical D3 epitope. Antibody levels to the shared D3 epitope were elevated in the sera from mice with arthritis as well as in rheumatoid arthritis. Conclusion CXI is immunologically not exposed in healthy cartilage but contains T and B cell epitopes cross-reactive with CII, which could be activated in both mouse and human arthritis and could evoke an arthritogenic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Tong
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Section for Medical Inflammation Research, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory for Shock and Microcirculation Research of Guangdong, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Medical Immunopharmacology Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Erik Lönnblom
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Section for Medical Inflammation Research, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anthony C Y Yau
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Section for Medical Inflammation Research, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kutty Selva Nandakumar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Section for Medical Inflammation Research, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Medical Immunopharmacology Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bibo Liang
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Section for Medical Inflammation Research, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory for Shock and Microcirculation Research of Guangdong, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changrong Ge
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Section for Medical Inflammation Research, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Viljanen
- Department of Chemistry-Biomedical Center, Section of Organic Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mirela Bãlan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Section of Vascular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Klareskog
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrei S Chagin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Inger Gjertsson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan Kihlberg
- Department of Chemistry-Biomedical Center, Section of Organic Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory for Shock and Microcirculation Research of Guangdong, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rikard Holmdahl
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Section for Medical Inflammation Research, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Medical Immunopharmacology Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Yau ACY, Holmdahl R. Rheumatoid arthritis: identifying and characterising polymorphisms using rat models. Dis Model Mech 2017; 9:1111-1123. [PMID: 27736747 PMCID: PMC5087835 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.026435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory joint disorder characterised by erosive inflammation of the articular cartilage and by destruction of the synovial joints. It is regulated by both genetic and environmental factors, and, currently, there is no preventative treatment or cure for this disease. Genome-wide association studies have identified ∼100 new loci associated with rheumatoid arthritis, in addition to the already known locus within the major histocompatibility complex II region. However, together, these loci account for only a modest fraction of the genetic variance associated with this disease and very little is known about the pathogenic roles of most of the risk loci identified. Here, we discuss how rat models of rheumatoid arthritis are being used to detect quantitative trait loci that regulate different arthritic traits by genetic linkage analysis and to positionally clone the underlying causative genes using congenic strains. By isolating specific loci on a fixed genetic background, congenic strains overcome the challenges of genetic heterogeneity and environmental interactions associated with human studies. Most importantly, congenic strains allow functional experimental studies be performed to investigate the pathological consequences of natural genetic polymorphisms, as illustrated by the discovery of several major disease genes that contribute to arthritis in rats. We discuss how these advances have provided new biological insights into arthritis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony C Y Yau
- Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rikard Holmdahl
- Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Yau ACY, Lönnblom E, Zhong J, Holmdahl R. Influence of hydrocarbon oil structure on adjuvanticity and autoimmunity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14998. [PMID: 29118363 PMCID: PMC5678145 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15096-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mineral oils are extensively used in our daily life, in food, cosmetics, biomedicine, vaccines and in different industrial applications. However, exposure to these mineral oils has been associated with immune adjuvant effects and the development of autoimmune diseases. Here we investigate the structural impacts of the hydrocarbon oil molecules on their adjuvanticity and autoimmunity. First, we showed that hydrocarbon oil molecules with small atomic differences could result in experimental arthritis in DA rats differing in disease severity, incidence, weight change and serum levels of acute phase proteins. Injection of these hydrocarbon oils resulted in the activation, proliferation and elevated expression of Th1 and especially Th17 cytokines by the T cells, which correlate with the arthritogenicity of the T cells. Furthermore, the more arthritogenic hydrocarbon oils resulted in an increased production of autoantibodies against cartilage joint specific, triple-helical type II collagen epitopes. When injected together with ovalbumin, the more arthritogenic hydrocarbon oils resulted in an increased production of αβ T cell-dependent anti-ovalbumin antibodies. This study shows the arthritogenicity of hydrocarbon oils is associated with their adjuvant properties with implications to not only arthritis research but also other diseases and medical applications such as vaccines in which oil adjuvants are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony C Y Yau
- Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erik Lönnblom
- Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jianghong Zhong
- Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rikard Holmdahl
- Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Yau AC, Tuncel J, Holmdahl R. The Major Histocompatibility Complex Class III Haplotype Ltab-Ncr3 Regulates Adjuvant-Induced but Not Antigen-Induced Autoimmunity. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:987-998. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Tuncel J, Haag S, Holmdahl R. MHC class II alleles associated with Th1 rather than Th17 type immunity drive the onset of early arthritis in a rat model of rheumatoid arthritis. Eur J Immunol 2017; 47:563-574. [PMID: 28012172 PMCID: PMC7163699 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Polymorphisms in the MHC class II (MHCII) genes are strongly associated with rheumatoid arthritis, supporting the importance of autoreactive T helper (Th) cells for the development of this disease. Here, we used pristane-induced arthritis (PIA), induced by the non-antigenic hydrocarbon pristane, to study the impact of different MHCII alleles on T-cell activation and differentiation. In MHCII-congenic rats with disease-promoting MHCII alleles, pristane primarily induced activation of Th1 cells, whereas activated T cells were Th17 biased in rats with protective MHCII alleles. Neutralization of IFN-γ during T-cell activation abrogated the development of disease, suggesting that Th1 immunity is important for disease induction. Neutralization of IL-17, by contrast, suppressed arthritis only when performed in rats with established disease. Adoptive T-cell transfers showed that T cells acquired arthritogenic capacity earlier in strains with a prevailing Th1 response. Moreover, upon pristane injection, these strains exhibited more Ag-primed OX40+ and proliferating T cells of polyclonal origin. These data show that T cells are polarized upon the first encounter with peptide-MHCII complexes in an allele-dependent fashion. In PIA, the polyclonal expansion of autoreactive Th1 cells was necessary for the onset of arthritis, while IL-17 mediated immunity contributed to the progression to chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan Tuncel
- Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sabrina Haag
- Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rikard Holmdahl
- Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Conserved 33-kb haplotype in the MHC class III region regulates chronic arthritis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E3716-24. [PMID: 27303036 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1600567113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have revealed many genetic loci associated with complex autoimmune diseases. In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the MHC gene HLA-DRB1 is the strongest candidate predicting disease development. It has been suggested that other immune-regulating genes in the MHC contribute to the disease risk, but this contribution has been difficult to show because of the strong linkage disequilibrium within the MHC. We isolated genomic regions in the form of congenic fragments in rats to test whether there are additional susceptibility loci in the MHC. By both congenic mapping in inbred strains and SNP typing in wild rats, we identified a conserved, 33-kb large haplotype Ltab-Ncr3 in the MHC-III region, which regulates the onset, severity, and chronicity of arthritis. The Ltab-Ncr3 haplotype consists of five polymorphic immunoregulatory genes: Lta (lymphotoxin-α), Tnf, Ltb (lymphotoxin-β), Lst1 (leukocyte-specific transcript 1), and Ncr3 (natural cytotoxicity-triggering receptor 3). Significant correlation in the expression of the Ltab-Ncr3 genes suggests that interaction of these genes may be important in keeping these genes clustered together as a conserved haplotype. We studied the arthritis association and the spliceo-transcriptome of four different Ltab-Ncr3 haplotypes and showed that higher Ltb and Ncr3 expression, lower Lst1 expression, and the expression of a shorter splice variant of Lst1 correlate with reduced arthritis severity in rats. Interestingly, patients with mild RA also showed higher NCR3 expression and lower LST1 expression than patients with severe RA. These data demonstrate the importance of a conserved haplotype in the regulation of complex diseases such as arthritis.
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Animal Models of Rheumatoid Arthritis (I): Pristane-Induced Arthritis in the Rat. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155936. [PMID: 27227821 PMCID: PMC4881957 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To facilitate the development of therapies for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the Innovative Medicines Initiative BTCure has combined the experience from several laboratories worldwide to establish a series of protocols for different animal models of arthritis that reflect the pathogenesis of RA. Here, we describe chronic pristane-induced arthritis (PIA) model in DA rats, and provide detailed instructions to set up and evaluate the model and for reporting data. Methods We optimized dose of pristane and immunization procedures and determined the effect of age, gender, and housing conditions. We further assessed cage-effects, reproducibility, and frequency of chronic arthritis, disease markers, and efficacy of standard and novel therapies. Results Out of 271 rats, 99.6% developed arthritis after pristane-administration. Mean values for day of onset, day of maximum arthritis severity and maximum clinical scores were 11.8±2.0 days, 20.3±5.1 days and 34.2±11 points on a 60-point scale, respectively. The mean frequency of chronic arthritis was 86% but approached 100% in long-term experiments over 110 days. Pristane was arthritogenic even at 5 microliters dose but needed to be administrated intradermally to induce robust disease with minimal variation. The development of arthritis was age-dependent but independent of gender and whether the rats were housed in conventional or barrier facilities. PIA correlated well with weight loss and acute phase reactants, and was ameliorated by etanercept, dexamethasone, cyclosporine A and fingolimod treatment. Conclusions PIA has high incidence and excellent reproducibility. The chronic relapsing-remitting disease and limited systemic manifestations make it more suitable than adjuvant arthritis for long-term studies of joint-inflammation and screening and validation of new therapeutics.
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Ohmi Y, Ise W, Harazono A, Takakura D, Fukuyama H, Baba Y, Narazaki M, Shoda H, Takahashi N, Ohkawa Y, Ji S, Sugiyama F, Fujio K, Kumanogoh A, Yamamoto K, Kawasaki N, Kurosaki T, Takahashi Y, Furukawa K. Sialylation converts arthritogenic IgG into inhibitors of collagen-induced arthritis. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11205. [PMID: 27046227 PMCID: PMC4822049 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-associated IgG antibodies such as anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) have diverse glycosylation variants; however, key sugar chains modulating the arthritogenic activity of IgG remain to be clarified. Here, we show that reduced sialylation is a common feature of RA-associated IgG in humans and in mouse models of arthritis. Genetically blocking sialylation in activated B cells results in exacerbation of joint inflammation in a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model. On the other hand, artificial sialylation of anti-type II collagen antibodies, including ACPAs, not only attenuates arthritogenic activity, but also suppresses the development of CIA in the antibody-infused mice, whereas sialylation of other IgG does not prevent CIA. Thus, our data demonstrate that sialylation levels control the arthritogenicity of RA-associated IgG, presenting a potential target for antigen-specific immunotherapy.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Arthritis, Experimental/immunology
- Arthritis, Experimental/metabolism
- Arthritis, Experimental/pathology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/metabolism
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/pathology
- Autoantibodies/chemistry
- Autoantibodies/immunology
- Autoantibodies/metabolism
- Carbohydrate Sequence
- Collagen Type II/immunology
- Collagen Type II/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin G/chemistry
- Immunoglobulin G/immunology
- Immunoglobulin G/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Mice, Transgenic
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational
- Sialic Acids/immunology
- Sialic Acids/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhsuke Ohmi
- Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-0065, Japan
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Wataru Ise
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Differentiation, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center and Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akira Harazono
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takakura
- Laboratory of Proteome Science, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29, Suehiro, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Fukuyama
- Laboratory for Lymphocyte Differentiation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22, Suehirocho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Baba
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Differentiation, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center and Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masashi Narazaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatic Diseases, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Shoda
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Nobunori Takahashi
- Department of Orthopedics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-0065, Japan
| | - Yuki Ohkawa
- Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-0065, Japan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chubu University College of Life and Health Sciences, 1200 Matsumoto, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan
| | - Shuting Ji
- Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-0065, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Sugiyama
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Ten-no-dai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Keishi Fujio
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatic Diseases, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Yamamoto
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Nana Kawasaki
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
- Laboratory of Proteome Science, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29, Suehiro, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kurosaki
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Differentiation, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center and Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory for Lymphocyte Differentiation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22, Suehirocho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Takahashi
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Koichi Furukawa
- Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-0065, Japan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chubu University College of Life and Health Sciences, 1200 Matsumoto, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan
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Haag S, Tuncel J, Thordardottir S, Mason DE, Yau ACY, Dobritzsch D, Bäcklund J, Peters EC, Holmdahl R. Positional identification of RT1-B (HLA-DQ) as susceptibility locus for autoimmune arthritis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:2539-50. [PMID: 25672758 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with amino acid variants in multiple MHC molecules. The association to MHC class II (MHC-II) has been studied in several animal models of RA. In most cases these models depend on T cells restricted to a single immunodominant peptide of the immunizing Ag, which does not resemble the autoreactive T cells in RA. An exception is pristane-induced arthritis (PIA) in the rat where polyclonal T cells induce chronic arthritis after being primed against endogenous Ags. In this study, we used a mixed genetic and functional approach to show that RT1-Ba and RT1-Bb (RT1-B locus), the rat orthologs of HLA-DQA and HLA-DQB, determine the onset and severity of PIA. We isolated a 0.2-Mb interval within the MHC-II locus of three MHC-congenic strains, of which two were protected from severe PIA. Comparison of sequence and expression variation, as well as in vivo blocking of RT1-B and RT1-D (HLA-DR), showed that arthritis in these strains is regulated by coding polymorphisms in the RT1-B genes. Motif prediction based on MHC-II eluted peptides and structural homology modeling suggested that variants in the RT1-B P1 pocket, which likely affect the editing capacity by RT1-DM, are important for the development of PIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Haag
- Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonatan Tuncel
- Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Soley Thordardottir
- Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel E Mason
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA 92121
| | - Anthony C Y Yau
- Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Doreen Dobritzsch
- Division of Molecular Structural Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Chemistry, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, S-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Bäcklund
- Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eric C Peters
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA 92121
| | - Rikard Holmdahl
- Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden;
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Holmdahl R, Malmström V, Burkhardt H. Autoimmune priming, tissue attack and chronic inflammation - the three stages of rheumatoid arthritis. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:1593-9. [PMID: 24737176 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201444486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Extensive genome-wide association studies have recently shed some light on the causes of chronic autoimmune diseases and have confirmed a central role of the adaptive immune system. Moreover, better diagnostics using disease-associated autoantibodies have been developed, and treatment has improved through the development of biologicals with precise molecular targets. Here, we use rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as a prototype for chronic autoimmune disease to propose that the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases could be divided into three discrete stages. First, yet unknown environmental challenges seem to activate innate immunity thereby providing an adjuvant signal for the induction of adaptive immune responses that lead to the production of autoantibodies and determine the subsequent disease development. Second, a joint-specific inflammatory reaction occurs. This inflammatory reaction might be clinically diagnosed as the earliest signs of the disease. Third, inflammation is converted to a chronic process leading to tissue destruction and remodeling. In this review, we discuss the stages involved in RA pathogenesis and the experimental approaches, mainly involving animal models that can be used to investigate each disease stage. Although we focus on RA, it is possible that a similar stepwise development of disease also occurs in other chronic autoimmune settings such as multiple sclerosis (MS), type 1 diabetes, and systemic lupus erythematosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikard Holmdahl
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Medical Inflammation Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Tuncel J, Haag S, Yau ACY, Norin U, Baud A, Lönnblom E, Maratou K, Ytterberg AJ, Ekman D, Thordardottir S, Johannesson M, Gillett A, Stridh P, Jagodic M, Olsson T, Fernández-Teruel A, Zubarev RA, Mott R, Aitman TJ, Flint J, Holmdahl R. Natural polymorphisms in Tap2 influence negative selection and CD4∶CD8 lineage commitment in the rat. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004151. [PMID: 24586191 PMCID: PMC3930506 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic variation in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) affects CD4∶CD8 lineage commitment and MHC expression. However, the contribution of specific genes in this gene-dense region has not yet been resolved. Nor has it been established whether the same genes regulate MHC expression and T cell selection. Here, we assessed the impact of natural genetic variation on MHC expression and CD4∶CD8 lineage commitment using two genetic models in the rat. First, we mapped Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) associated with variation in MHC class I and II protein expression and the CD4∶CD8 T cell ratio in outbred Heterogeneous Stock rats. We identified 10 QTLs across the genome and found that QTLs for the individual traits colocalized within a region spanning the MHC. To identify the genes underlying these overlapping QTLs, we generated a large panel of MHC-recombinant congenic strains, and refined the QTLs to two adjacent intervals of ∼0.25 Mb in the MHC-I and II regions, respectively. An interaction between these intervals affected MHC class I expression as well as negative selection and lineage commitment of CD8 single-positive (SP) thymocytes. We mapped this effect to the transporter associated with antigen processing 2 (Tap2) in the MHC-II region and the classical MHC class I gene(s) (RT1-A) in the MHC-I region. This interaction was revealed by a recombination between RT1-A and Tap2, which occurred in 0.2% of the rats. Variants of Tap2 have previously been shown to influence the antigenicity of MHC class I molecules by altering the MHC class I ligandome. Our results show that a restricted peptide repertoire on MHC class I molecules leads to reduced negative selection of CD8SP cells. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing how a recombination between natural alleles of genes in the MHC influences lineage commitment of T cells. Peptides from degraded cytoplasmic proteins are transported via TAP into the endoplasmic reticulum for loading onto MHC class I molecules. TAP is encoded by Tap1 and Tap2, which in rodents are located close to the MHC class I genes. In the rat, genetic variation in Tap2 gives rise to two different transporters: a promiscuous A variant (TAP-A) and a more restrictive B variant (TAP-B). It has been proposed that the class I molecule in the DA rat (RT1-Aa) has co-evolved with TAP-A and it has been shown that RT1-Aa antigenicity is changed when co-expressed with TAP-B. To study the contribution of different allelic combinations of RT1-A and Tap2 to the variation in MHC expression and T cell selection, we generated DA rats with either congenic or background alleles in the RT1-A and Tap2 loci. We found increased numbers of mature CD8SP cells in the thymus of rats which co-expressed RT1-Aa and TAP-B. This increase of CD8 cells could be explained by reduced negative selection, but did not correlate with RT1-Aa expression levels on thymic antigen presenting cells. Thus, our results identify a crucial role of the TAP and the quality of the MHC class I repertoire in regulating T cell selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan Tuncel
- Section for Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail: (JT); (RH)
| | - Sabrina Haag
- Section for Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anthony C. Y. Yau
- Section for Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Norin
- Section for Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amelie Baud
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Erik Lönnblom
- Section for Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Klio Maratou
- Physiological Genomics and Medicine Group, Medical Research Council Clinical Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - A. Jimmy Ytterberg
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Medical Proteomics, Department of Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden and Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Diana Ekman
- Section for Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Soley Thordardottir
- Section for Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martina Johannesson
- Section for Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alan Gillett
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Neuroimmunology Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Pernilla Stridh
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Neuroimmunology Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maja Jagodic
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Neuroimmunology Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas Olsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Neuroimmunology Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alberto Fernández-Teruel
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roman A. Zubarev
- Medical Proteomics, Department of Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden and Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Richard Mott
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy J. Aitman
- Physiological Genomics and Medicine Group, Medical Research Council Clinical Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Flint
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rikard Holmdahl
- Section for Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail: (JT); (RH)
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