1
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Dean AC, Randle EH, Lacey AJD, Marczak Giorio GA, Doobary S, Cons BD, Lennox AJJ. Alkene 1,3-Difluorination via Transient Oxonium Intermediates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404666. [PMID: 38695434 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The 1,3-difunctionalization of unactivated alkenes is an under-explored transformation that leads to moieties that are otherwise challenging to prepare. Herein, we report a hypervalent iodine-mediated 1,3-difluorination of homoallylic (aryl) ethers to give unreported 1,3-difluoro-4-oxy groups with moderate to excellent diastereoselectivity. The transformation proceeds through a different mode of reactivity for 1,3-difunctionalization, in which a regioselective addition of fluoride opens a transiently formed oxonium intermediate to rearrange an alkyl chain. The optimized protocol is scalable and shown to proceed well with a variety of functional groups and substitution on the alkenyl chain, hence providing ready access to this fluorinated, conformationally controlled moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice C Dean
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - E Harvey Randle
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Andrew J D Lacey
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | | | - Sayad Doobary
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Benjamin D Cons
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge, CB4 0QA, U.K
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2
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Lee C, Kim M, Han S, Kim D, Hong S. Nickel-Catalyzed Hydrofluorination in Unactivated Alkenes: Regio- and Enantioselective C-F Bond Formation. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:9375-9384. [PMID: 38512796 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Catalytic formation of a regio- and enantioselective C-F bond chiral center from readily available alkenes is a crucial goal, yet it continues to pose significant challenges in organic synthesis. Here, we report the regioselective formation of C-F bonds facilitated by NiH catalysis and a coordination directing strategy that enables precise hydrofluorination of both terminal and internal alkenes. Notably, we have optimized this methodology to achieve high enantioselectivity in creating aliphatic C-F stereogenic centers especially with β,γ-alkenyl substrates, using a tailored chiral Bn-BOx ligand. Another pivotal finding in our research is the identification of the (+)-nonlinear effect under optimized conditions, allowing for high enantioselectivity even with moderately enantiomerically enriched chiral ligands. Given the significant role of fluorine in pharmaceuticals and synthetic materials, this research offers essential insights into the regioselective and enantioselective formation of C-F bond chiral centers, paving the way for the efficient production of valuable fluorinated compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changseok Lee
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Minseok Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Seunghoon Han
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Dongwook Kim
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
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3
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Liu J, Rong J, Wood DP, Wang Y, Liang SH, Lin S. Co-Catalyzed Hydrofluorination of Alkenes: Photocatalytic Method Development and Electroanalytical Mechanistic Investigation. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:4380-4392. [PMID: 38300825 PMCID: PMC11219133 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The hydrofluorination of alkenes represents an attractive strategy for the synthesis of aliphatic fluorides. This approach provides a direct means to form C(sp3)-F bonds selectively from readily available alkenes. Nonetheless, conducting hydrofluorination using nucleophilic fluorine sources poses significant challenges due to the low acidity and high toxicity associated with HF and the poor nucleophilicity of fluoride. In this study, we present a new Co(salen)-catalyzed hydrofluorination of simple alkenes utilizing Et3N·3HF as the sole source of both hydrogen and fluorine. This process operates via a photoredox-mediated polar-radical-polar crossover mechanism. We also demonstrated the versatility of this method by effectively converting a diverse array of simple and activated alkenes with varying degrees of substitution into hydrofluorinated products. Furthermore, we successfully applied this methodology to 18F-hydrofluorination reactions, enabling the introduction of 18F into potential radiopharmaceuticals. Our mechanistic investigations, conducted using rotating disk electrode voltammetry and DFT calculations, unveiled the involvement of both carbocation and CoIV-alkyl species as viable intermediates during the fluorination step, and the contribution of each pathway depends on the structure of the starting alkene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjian Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Jian Rong
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Devin P. Wood
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Steven H. Liang
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Song Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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4
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Shibutani S, Nagao K, Ohmiya H. A Dual Cobalt and Photoredox Catalysis for Hydrohalogenation of Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:4375-4379. [PMID: 38300804 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
We demonstrate hydrohalogenation of aliphatic alkenes with collidine·HX salts through dual photoredox/cobalt catalysis. The dual catalysis enables conversion of a proton and a halide anion from collidine·HX salt to a nucleophilic hydrogen radical equivalent and an electrophilic halogen radical equivalent and delivery of them to an alkene moiety. This protocol allows for introduction of fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine atom to alkene, producing highly functionalized alkyl halides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Shibutani
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Kazunori Nagao
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Ohmiya
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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5
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Wang J, Wu G, Feng G, Li G, Wei Y, Li S, Mao J, Liu X, Chen A, Song Y, Dong X, Wei W, Chen W. Electrochemical Epoxidation of Propylene to Propylene Oxide via Halogen-Mediated Systems. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:46569-46576. [PMID: 38107883 PMCID: PMC10720275 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most important derivatives of propylene, the production of propylene oxide (PO) is severely restricted. The traditional chlorohydrin process is being eliminated due to environmental concerns, while processes such as Halcon and hydrogen peroxide epoxidation are limited by cost and efficiency, making it difficult to meet market demand. Therefore, achieving PO production through clean and efficient technologies has received extensive attention, and halogen-mediated electrochemical epoxidation of alkene is considered to be a desirable technology for the production of alkylene oxide. In this work, we used electrochemical methods to synthesize PO in halogen-mediated systems based on a RuO2-loaded Ti (RuO2/Ti) anode and screened out two potential mediated systems of chlorine (Cl) and bromine (Br) for the electrosynthesis of PO. At a current density of 100 mA·cm-2, both Cl- and Br-mediated systems delivered PO Faradaic efficiencies of more than 80%. In particular, the Br-mediated system obtained PO Faradaic efficiencies of more than 90% at lower potentials (≤1.5 V vs RHE) with better electrode structure durability. Furthermore, detailed product distribution investigations and DFT calculations suggested hypohalous acid molecules as key reaction intermediates in both Cl- and Br-mediated systems. This work presents a green and efficient PO production route with halogen-mediated electrochemical epoxidation of propylene driven by renewable electricity, exhibiting promising potential to replace the traditional chlorohydrin process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangjiang Wang
- Low-Carbon
Conversion Science and Engineering Center, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, P.R. China
- University
of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Gangfeng Wu
- Low-Carbon
Conversion Science and Engineering Center, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, P.R. China
- University
of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Guanghui Feng
- Low-Carbon
Conversion Science and Engineering Center, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, P.R. China
- University
of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Guihua Li
- Low-Carbon
Conversion Science and Engineering Center, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, P.R. China
- University
of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Yiheng Wei
- Low-Carbon
Conversion Science and Engineering Center, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, P.R. China
- University
of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Shoujie Li
- Low-Carbon
Conversion Science and Engineering Center, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, P.R. China
| | - Jianing Mao
- Low-Carbon
Conversion Science and Engineering Center, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, P.R. China
- University
of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohu Liu
- Low-Carbon
Conversion Science and Engineering Center, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, P.R. China
- School
of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech
University, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Aohui Chen
- Low-Carbon
Conversion Science and Engineering Center, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, P.R. China
- School
of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech
University, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Yanfang Song
- Low-Carbon
Conversion Science and Engineering Center, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Dong
- Low-Carbon
Conversion Science and Engineering Center, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- Low-Carbon
Conversion Science and Engineering Center, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, P.R. China
- University
of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
- School
of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech
University, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- Low-Carbon
Conversion Science and Engineering Center, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, P.R. China
- University
of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
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6
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Farley SES, Mulryan D, Rekhroukh F, Phanopoulos A, Crimmin MR. Catalytic HF Shuttling between Fluoroalkanes and Alkynes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202317550. [PMID: 38069591 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we report BF3 ⋅ OEt2 as a catalyst to shuttle equivalents of HF from a fluoroalkane to an alkyne. Reactions of terminal and internal aliphatic alkynes led to formation of difluoroalkane products, while diarylalkynes can be selectively converted into fluoroalkenes. The method tolerates numerous sensitive functional groups including halogen, protected amine, ester and thiophene substituents. Mechanistic studies (DFT, probe experiments) suggest the catalyst is involved in both the defluorination and fluorination steps, with BF3 acting as a Lewis acid and OEt2 a weak Lewis base that mediates proton transfer. In certain cases, the interconversion of fluoroalkene and difluoroalkane products was found to be reversible. The new catalytic system was applied to demonstrate proof-of-concept recycling of poly(vinylidene difluoride).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon E S Farley
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, 82 Wood Lane, Shepherds Bush, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Daniel Mulryan
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, 82 Wood Lane, Shepherds Bush, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Feriel Rekhroukh
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, 82 Wood Lane, Shepherds Bush, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Andreas Phanopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, 82 Wood Lane, Shepherds Bush, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Mark R Crimmin
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, 82 Wood Lane, Shepherds Bush, London, W12 0BZ, UK
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7
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Bertrand X, Pucheault M, Chabaud L, Paquin JF. Synthesis of Tertiary Fluorides through an Acid-Mediated Deoxyfluorination of Tertiary Alcohols. J Org Chem 2023; 88:14527-14539. [PMID: 37769207 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
The combination of methanesulfonic acid and potassium bifluoride is reported for the deoxyfluorination of tertiary alcohols. Under metal-free conditions that use readily available, cheap, and easy-to-handle reagents, a range of tertiary alcohols could be converted into the corresponding fluorides in excellent yields (average yields of 85% for 23 examples). Mechanistic investigation showed that the reaction proceeds at 0 °C, in part, through an elimination/hydrofluorination pathway, but no residual alkenes are observed. The application of these conditions for the fluorination of ether and ester is also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Bertrand
- CCVC, PROTEO, Département de chimie, Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de la médecine, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Mathieu Pucheault
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Laurent Chabaud
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Jean-François Paquin
- CCVC, PROTEO, Département de chimie, Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de la médecine, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
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8
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Gauthier R, Paquin JF. Hydrofluorination of Alkynes: From (E) to (Z). Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301896. [PMID: 37458694 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
The hydrofluorination of alkynes is an efficient synthetic route to monofluoroalkenes or difluoroalkanes. Both fluorinated motifs have found applications in medicinal chemistry and beyond. This review explores the recent advances in the hydrofluorination of diverse alkynes through various activation methods, from classical coinage metal catalysis to metal-free conditions. The range of alkynes goes from the simplest unactivated alkynes to activated ones (ynones and derivatives, ynamides, alkynyl sulfides and sulfones as much as haloalkynes). Regio- and stereoselective methods exists, but there is still room for improvement depending on the type of alkyne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Gauthier
- PROTEO, CCVC, Département de chimie, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Jean-François Paquin
- PROTEO, CCVC, Département de chimie, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
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9
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Komatsuda M, Yamaguchi J. Ring-Opening Fluorination of Carbo/Heterocycles and Aromatics: Construction of Complex and Diverse Fluorine-Containing Molecules. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202200281. [PMID: 36604947 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Fluorine-containing molecules have attracted much attention in medicinal, agrochemical, and materials sciences because they offer unique physical and biological properties. Therefore, many efficient fluorination reactions have been developed over the years. Recent advancements in fluorination chemistry have expanded the range of substrates, and regioselectivity/stereoselectivity control has also been achieved. Ring-opening fluorination is an efficient method to construct complex fluorine-containing molecules with diversity, starting from simple cyclic compounds. This review aims to summarize developments in ring-opening fluorination, particularly with larger-sized cyclic compounds. Fluorine introduction and bond cleavage of cyclic compounds such as carbocycles, heterocycles, and aromatics provide efficient access to fluorine-containing compounds that are difficult to be synthesized by conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Komatsuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, 513 Wasedatsurumakicho, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-0041, Japan
| | - Junichiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, 513 Wasedatsurumakicho, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-0041, Japan
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10
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Mandal A, Jang J, Yang B, Kim H, Shin K. Palladium-Catalyzed Electrooxidative Hydrofluorination of Aryl-Substituted Alkenes with a Nucleophilic Fluorine Source. Org Lett 2023; 25:195-199. [PMID: 36583971 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report an electrocatalytic hydrofluorination of aryl-substituted alkenes with a nucleophilic fluorine source. The merger of palladium catalysis with electrooxidation enables the transformation of various substrates ranging from styrenes to more challenging α,β-unsaturated carbonyl derivatives to the corresponding benzylic fluorides. This method can also be applied to the late-stage modification of pharmaceutical derivatives. Mechanistic studies suggest that the generation of a high-valent palladium intermediate via anodic oxidation is the crucial step in this electrocatalytic hydrofluorination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Baeho Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangmin Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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11
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Luo MJ, Xiao Q, Li JH. Electro-/photocatalytic alkene-derived radical cation chemistry: recent advances in synthetic applications. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:7206-7237. [PMID: 35880555 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00013j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alkene-derived radical cations are versatile reactive intermediates and have been widely applied in the construction of complex functionalized molecules and cyclic systems for chemical synthesis. Therefore, the synthetic application of these alkene-derived radical cations represents a powerful and green tool that can be used to achieve the functionalization of alkenes partially because the necessity of stoichiometric external chemical oxidants and/or hazardous reaction conditions is eliminated. This review summarizes the recent advances in the synthetic applications of the electro-/photochemical alkene-derived radical cations, emphasizing the key single-electron oxidation steps of the alkenes, the scope and limitations of the substrates, and the related reaction mechanisms. Using electrocatalysis and/or photocatalysis, single electron transfer (SET) oxidation of the CC bonds in the alkenes occurs, generating the alkene-derived radical cations, which sequentially enables the functionalization of translocated radical cations to occur in two ways: the first involves direct reaction with a nucleophile/radical or two molecules of nucleophiles to realize hydrofunctionalization, difunctionalization and cyclization; and the second involves the transformation of the alkene-derived radical cations into carbon-centered radicals using a base followed by radical coupling or oxidative nucleophilic coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Jia Luo
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China.
| | - Qiang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China.
| | - Jin-Heng Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 475004, China
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12
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Azimi SB, Asnaashariisfahani M, Azizi B, Mohammadi E, Ghaffar Ebadi A, Vessally E. Hydro-trifluoromethyl(thiol)ation of alkenes: a review*. J Sulphur Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/17415993.2022.2072687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Bahareh Azimi
- Assessment and Environment Risks Department, Research Center of Envirnment and Sustainable Development (RCESD), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Bayan Azizi
- Medical Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Health Sciences, University of Human Development, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | | | - Abdol Ghaffar Ebadi
- Department of Agriculture, Jouybar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jouybar, Iran
| | - Esmail Vessally
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Paquin JF, Bertrand X, Paquin P, Chabaud L. Hydrohalogenation of Unactivated Alkenes Using a Methanesulfonic Acid/Halide Salt Combination. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1719856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe hydrochlorination, hydrobromination, and hydroiodination of unactivated alkenes using methanesulfonic acid and inorganic halide salts (CaCl2, LiBr, LiI) in acetic acid are reported. This approach uses readily available and inexpensive reagents to provide the alkyl halides in up to 99% yield. An example of deuteriochlorination using deuterated acetic acid as the solvent is also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pascal Paquin
- CCVC, PROTEO, Département de chimie, Université Laval
| | - Laurent Chabaud
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR 5255, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux
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14
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Komatsuda M, Suto A, Kondo H, Takada H, Kato K, Saito B, Yamaguchi J. Ring-opening fluorination of bicyclic azaarenes. Chem Sci 2022; 13:665-670. [PMID: 35173930 PMCID: PMC8768879 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06273e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We have discovered a ring-opening fluorination of bicyclic azaarenes. Upon treatment of bicyclic azaarenes such as pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridines with electrophilic fluorinating agents, fluorination of the aromatic ring is followed by a ring-opening reaction. Although this overall transformation can be classified as an electrophilic fluorination of an aromatic ring, it is a novel type of fluorination that results in construction of tertiary carbon-fluorine bonds. The present protocol can be applied to a range of bicyclic azaarenes, tolerating azines and a variety of functional groups. Additionally, mechanistic studies and enantioselective fluorination have been examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Komatsuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University 513, Wasedatsurumakicho, Shinjuku Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
| | - Ayane Suto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University 513, Wasedatsurumakicho, Shinjuku Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
| | - Hiroki Kondo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University 513, Wasedatsurumakicho, Shinjuku Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takada
- Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome Fujisawa Kanagawa 251-8555 Japan
| | - Kenta Kato
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University 513, Wasedatsurumakicho, Shinjuku Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
| | - Bunnai Saito
- Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome Fujisawa Kanagawa 251-8555 Japan
| | - Junichiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University 513, Wasedatsurumakicho, Shinjuku Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
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15
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16
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Qian H, Chen J, Zhang B, Cheng Y, Xiao WJ, Chen JR. Visible-Light-Driven Photoredox-Catalyzed Three-Component Radical Cyanoalkylfluorination of Alkenes with Oxime Esters and a Fluoride Ion. Org Lett 2021; 23:6987-6992. [PMID: 34432474 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A metal-free, photoredox-catalyzed three-component cyanoalkylfluorination of alkenes under mild and redox-neutral conditions is reported. This protocol features use of readily available alkenes, oxime esters, and cost-effective nucleophilic fluoride reagents, giving diverse cyanoalkylfluorinated products with generally good yields. Excellent functional group tolerance and mild reaction conditions also render this protocol suitable for cyanoalkylfluorination of pharmaceutically relevant molecule-derived alkene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Qian
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticides & Chemical Biology Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Jun Chen
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticides & Chemical Biology Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticides & Chemical Biology Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticides & Chemical Biology Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Wen-Jing Xiao
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticides & Chemical Biology Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jia-Rong Chen
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticides & Chemical Biology Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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Talavera M, Braun T. Versatile Reaction Pathways of 1,1,3,3,3-Pentafluoropropene at Rh(I) Complexes [Rh(E)(PEt 3 ) 3 ] (E=H, GePh 3 , Si(OEt) 3 , F, Cl): C-F versus C-H Bond Activation Steps. Chemistry 2021; 27:11926-11934. [PMID: 34118095 PMCID: PMC8456946 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of the rhodium(I) complexes [Rh(E)(PEt3)3] (E=GePh3 (1), H (6), F (7)) with 1,1,3,3,3‐pentafluoropropene afforded the defluorinative germylation products Z/E‐2‐(triphenylgermyl)‐1,3,3,3‐tetrafluoropropene and the fluorido complex [Rh(F)(CF3CHCF2)(PEt3)2] (2) together with the fluorophosphorane E‐(CF3)CH=CF(PFEt3). For [Rh(Si(OEt)3)(PEt3)3] (4) the coordination of the fluoroolefin was found to give [Rh{Si(OEt)3}(CF3CHCF2)(PEt3)2] (5). Two equivalents of complex 2 reacted further by C−F bond oxidative addition to yield [Rh(CF=CHCF3)(PEt3)2(μ‐F)3Rh(CF3CHCF2)(PEt3)] (9). The role of the fluorido ligand on the reactivity of complex 2 was assessed by comparison with the analogous chlorido complex. The use of complexes 1, 4 and 6 as catalysts for the derivatization of 1,1,3,3,3‐pentafluoropropene provided products, which were generated by hydrodefluorination, hydrometallation and germylation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Talavera
- Department of Chemistry, Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Braun
- Department of Chemistry, Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
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