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A Common Polymorphism in the MTHFD1 Gene Is a Modulator of Risk of Congenital Heart Disease. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9060166. [PMID: 35735795 PMCID: PMC9224796 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9060166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Several environmental and genetic factors may influence the risk of congenital heart defects (CHDs), which can have a substantial impact on pediatric morbidity and mortality. We investigated the association of polymorphisms in the genes of the folate and methionine pathways with CHDs using different strategies: a case–control, mother–child pair design, and a family-based association study. The polymorphism rs2236225 in the MTHFD1 was confirmed as an important modulator of CHD risk in both, whereas polymorphisms in MTRR, FPGS, and SLC19A1 were identified as risk factors in only one of the models. A strong synergistic effect on the development of CHDs was detected for MTHFD1 polymorphism and a lack of maternal folate supplementation during early pregnancy. A common polymorphism in the MTHFD1 is a genetic risk factor for the development of CHD, especially in the absence of folate supplementation in early pregnancy.
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Agopian AJ, Goldmuntz E, Hakonarson H, Sewda A, Taylor D, Mitchell LE. Genome-Wide Association Studies and Meta-Analyses for Congenital Heart Defects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 10:e001449. [PMID: 28468790 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.116.001449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal and inherited (ie, case) genetic factors likely contribute to the pathogenesis of congenital heart defects, but it is unclear whether individual common variants confer a large risk. METHODS AND RESULTS To evaluate the relationship between individual common maternal/inherited genotypes and risk for heart defects, we conducted genome-wide association studies in 5 cohorts. Three cohorts were recruited at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia: 670 conotruncal heart defect (CTD) case-parent trios, 317 left ventricular obstructive tract defect (LVOTD) case-parent trios, and 406 CTD cases (n=406) and 2976 pediatric controls. Two cohorts were recruited through the Pediatric Cardiac Genomics Consortium: 355 CTD trios and 192 LVOTD trios. We also conducted meta-analyses using the genome-wide association study results from the CTD cohorts, the LVOTD cohorts, and from the combined CTD and LVOTD cohorts. In the individual genome-wide association studies, several genome-wide significant associations (P≤5×10-8) were observed. In our meta-analyses, 1 genome-wide significant association was detected: the case genotype for rs72820264, an intragenetic single-nucleotide polymorphism associated with LVOTDs (P=2.1×10-8). CONCLUSIONS We identified 1 novel candidate region associated with LVOTDs and report on several additional regions with suggestive evidence for association with CTD and LVOTD. These studies were constrained by the relatively small samples sizes and thus have limited power to detect small to moderate associations. Approaches that minimize the multiple testing burden (eg, gene or pathway based) may, therefore, be required to uncover common variants contributing to the risk of these relatively rare conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Agopian
- From the Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, UTHealth School of Public Health, Houston (A.J.A., A.S., L.E.M.); Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (E.G.); and Division of Cardiology (E.G., H.H.), Center for Applied Genomics (H.H.), and Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (D.T.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA
| | - Elizabeth Goldmuntz
- From the Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, UTHealth School of Public Health, Houston (A.J.A., A.S., L.E.M.); Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (E.G.); and Division of Cardiology (E.G., H.H.), Center for Applied Genomics (H.H.), and Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (D.T.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- From the Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, UTHealth School of Public Health, Houston (A.J.A., A.S., L.E.M.); Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (E.G.); and Division of Cardiology (E.G., H.H.), Center for Applied Genomics (H.H.), and Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (D.T.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA
| | - Anshuman Sewda
- From the Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, UTHealth School of Public Health, Houston (A.J.A., A.S., L.E.M.); Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (E.G.); and Division of Cardiology (E.G., H.H.), Center for Applied Genomics (H.H.), and Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (D.T.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA
| | - Deanne Taylor
- From the Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, UTHealth School of Public Health, Houston (A.J.A., A.S., L.E.M.); Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (E.G.); and Division of Cardiology (E.G., H.H.), Center for Applied Genomics (H.H.), and Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (D.T.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA
| | - Laura E Mitchell
- From the Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, UTHealth School of Public Health, Houston (A.J.A., A.S., L.E.M.); Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (E.G.); and Division of Cardiology (E.G., H.H.), Center for Applied Genomics (H.H.), and Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (D.T.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA.
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Nembhard WN, Tang X, Hu Z, MacLeod S, Stowe Z, Webber D. Maternal and infant genetic variants, maternal periconceptional use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and risk of congenital heart defects in offspring: population based study. BMJ 2017; 356:j832. [PMID: 28264803 PMCID: PMC6283388 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.j832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objective To evaluate whether the association between maternal periconceptional use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and increased risk of congenital heart defects in offspring is modified by maternal or infant genetic variants in folate, homocysteine, or transsulfuration pathways.Design Population based study. DNA from mothers, fathers, and infants was genotyped with an Illumina GoldenGate custom single nucleotide polymorphism panel. A hybrid design based on a log linear model was used to calculate relative risks and Bayesian false discovery probabilities (BFDP) to identify polymorphisms associated with congenital heart defects modified by SSRI use.Data sources Data from the US National Birth Defects Prevention Study on 1180 liveborn infants with congenital heart defects and 1644 controls, born 1997-2008.Main outcome measures Cases included infants with selected congenital heart defects and control infants had no major defects. SSRI use was obtained from telephone interviews with mothers.Results For women who reported taking SSRIs periconceptionally, maternal SHMT1 (rs9909104) GG and AGgenotypes were associated with a 5.9 and 2.4 increased risk of select congenital heart defects in offspring, respectively, versus the AA genotype (BFDP=0.69). Compared with the AA genotype, BHMT (rs492842 and rs542852) GG and AG genotypes were associated with twice the riskof congenital heart defects (BFDP=0.74 and 0.79, respectively). MGST1 (rs2075237) CC and ACgenotypes were associated with an increased risk compared with the GG genotype (8.0 and 2.8, respectively; BFDP=0.79). Single nucleotide polymorphism in infant genes in the folate (MTHFS rs12438477), homocysteine (TRDMT1 rs6602178 and GNMT rs11752813) and transsulfuration (GSTP1 rs7941395 and MGST1 rs7294985) pathways were also associated with an increased risk of congenital heart defects.Conclusions Common maternal or infant genetic variants in folate, homocysteine, or transsulfuration pathways are associated with an increased risk of certain congenital heart defects among children of women taking SSRIs during cardiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy N Nembhard
- Division of Birth Defects Research, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, 72202, USA
| | - Xinyu Tang
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, 72202 USA
| | - Zhuopei Hu
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, 72202 USA
| | - Stewart MacLeod
- Division of Birth Defects Research, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, 72202, USA
| | - Zachary Stowe
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72205, USA
| | - Daniel Webber
- Division of Birth Defects Research, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, 72202, USA
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Liu X, Zhou X, Hao X, Sang X. Modified Numerical Simulation Model of Blood Flow in Bend. W INDIAN MED J 2015; 64:495-498. [PMID: 27398727 PMCID: PMC4961337 DOI: 10.7727/wimj.2016.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The numerical simulation model of blood flow in bend is studied in this paper. The curvature modification is conducted for the blood flow model in bend to obtain the modified blood flow model in bend. The modified model is verified by U tube. By comparing the simulation results with the experimental results obtained by measuring the flow data in U tube, it was found that the modified blood flow model in bend can effectively improve the prediction accuracy of blood flow data affected by the curvature effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Liu
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China. E-mail:
| | - X Zhou
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - X Hao
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - X Sang
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China
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Agopian AJ, Mitchell LE, Glessner J, Bhalla AD, Sewda A, Hakonarson H, Goldmuntz E. Genome-wide association study of maternal and inherited loci for conotruncal heart defects. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96057. [PMID: 24800985 PMCID: PMC4011736 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Conotruncal and related heart defects (CTDs) are a group of serious and relatively common birth defects. Although both maternal and inherited genotypes are thought to play a role in the etiology of CTDs, few specific genetic risk factors have been identified. To determine whether common variants acting through the genotype of the mother (e.g. via an in utero effect) or the case are associated with CTDs, we conducted a genome-wide association study of 750 CTD case-parent triads, with follow-up analyses in 358 independent triads. Log-linear analyses were used to assess the association of CTDs with the genotypes of both the mother and case. No association achieved genomewide significance in either the discovery or combined (discovery+follow-up) samples. However, three loci with p-values suggestive of association (p<10−5) in the discovery sample had p-values <0.05 in the follow-up sample and p-values in the combined data that were lower than in the discovery sample. These included suggestive association with an inherited intergenic variant at 20p12.3 (rs6140038, combined p = 1.0×10−5) and an inherited intronic variant in KCNJ4 at 22q13.1 (rs2267386, combined p = 9.8×10−6), as well as with a maternal variant in SLC22A24 at 11q12.3 (rs11231379, combined p = 4.2×10−6). These observations suggest novel candidate loci for CTDs, including loci that appear to be associated with the risk of CTDs via the maternal genotype, but further studies are needed to confirm these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. J. Agopian
- Human Genetics Center, Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Laura E. Mitchell
- Human Genetics Center, Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Joseph Glessner
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Angela D. Bhalla
- Human Genetics Center, Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Anshuman Sewda
- Human Genetics Center, Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Goldmuntz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Division of Cardiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Bean LJH, Allen EG, Tinker SW, Hollis ND, Locke AE, Druschel C, Hobbs CA, O'Leary L, Romitti PA, Royle MH, Torfs CP, Dooley KJ, Freeman SB, Sherman SL. Lack of maternal folic acid supplementation is associated with heart defects in Down syndrome: a report from the National Down Syndrome Project. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 91:885-93. [PMID: 21987466 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.22848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Revised: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal folic acid supplementation has been associated with a reduced risk for neural tube defects and may be associated with a reduced risk for congenital heart defects and other birth defects. Individuals with Down syndrome are at high risk for congenital heart defects and have been shown to have abnormal folate metabolism. METHODS As part of the population-based case-control National Down Syndrome Project, 1011 mothers of infants with Down syndrome reported their use of supplements containing folic acid. These data were used to determine whether a lack of periconceptional maternal folic acid supplementation is associated with congenital heart defects in Down syndrome. We used logistic regression to test the relationship between maternal folic acid supplementation and the frequency of specific heart defects correcting for maternal race or ethnicity, proband sex, maternal use of alcohol and cigarettes, and maternal age at conception. RESULTS Lack of maternal folic acid supplementation was more frequent among infants with Down syndrome and atrioventricular septal defects (odds ratio [OR], 1.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-2.63; p = 0.011) or atrial septal defects (OR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.11-2.58; p = 0.007) than among infants with Down syndrome and no heart defect. Preliminary evidence suggests that the patterns of association differ by race or ethnicity and sex of the proband. There was no statistically significant association with ventricular septal defects (OR, 1.26; 95% CI, 0.85-1.87; p = 0.124). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that lack of maternal folic acid supplementation is associated with septal defects in infants with Down syndrome. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2011. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lora J H Bean
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
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Long J, Lupo PJ, Goldmuntz E, Mitchell LE. Evaluation of heterogeneity in the association between congenital heart defects and variants of folate metabolism genes: conotruncal and left-sided cardiac defects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 91:879-84. [PMID: 21987465 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.22849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Revised: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic variation in the folate metabolic pathway may influence the risk of congenital heart defects. This study was undertaken to assess the associations between the inherited and maternal genotypes for variants in folate-related genes and the risk of a composite heart phenotype that included two component phenotypes: conotruncal heart defects (CTDs) and left-sided cardiac lesions (LSLs). METHODS Nine folate-related gene variants were evaluated using data from 692 case-parent triads (CTD, n = 419; LSL, n = 273). Log-linear analyses were used to test for heterogeneity of the genotype-phenotype association across the two component phenotypes (i.e., CTD and LSLs) and, when there was no evidence of heterogeneity, to assess the associations of the maternal and inherited genotypes with the composite phenotype. RESULTS There was little evidence of heterogeneity of the genotype-phenotype association across the two component phenotypes or of an association between the genotypes and the composite phenotype. There was evidence of heterogeneity in the association of the maternal MTR A2756G genotype (p = 0.01) with CTDs and LSLs. However, further analyses suggested that the observed associations with the maternal MTR A2756G genotype might be confounded by parental imprinting effects. CONCLUSIONS Our analyses of these data provide little evidence that the folate-related gene variants evaluated in this study influence the risk of this composite congenital heart defect phenotype. However, larger and more comprehensive studies that evaluate parent-of-origin effects, as well as additional folate-related genes, are required to more fully explore the relation between folate and congenital heart defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Long
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, Houston, USA
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Agopian AJ, Mitchell LE. MI-GWAS: a SAS platform for the analysis of inherited and maternal genetic effects in genome-wide association studies using log-linear models. BMC Bioinformatics 2011; 12:117. [PMID: 21513519 PMCID: PMC3110146 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-12-117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2010] [Accepted: 04/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several platforms for the analysis of genome-wide association data are available. However, these platforms focus on the evaluation of the genotype inherited by affected (i.e. case) individuals, whereas for some conditions (e.g. birth defects) the genotype of the mothers of affected individuals may also contribute to risk. For such conditions, it is critical to evaluate associations with both the maternal and the inherited (i.e. case) genotype. When genotype data are available for case-parent triads, a likelihood-based approach using log-linear modeling can be used to assess both the maternal and inherited genotypes. However, available software packages for log-linear analyses are not well suited to the analysis of typical genome-wide association data (e.g. including missing data). RESULTS An integrated platform, Maternal and Inherited Analyses for Genome-wide Association Studies (MI-GWAS) for log-linear analyses of maternal and inherited genetic effects in large, genome-wide datasets, is described. MI-GWAS uses SAS and LEM software in combination to appropriately format data, perform the log-linear analyses and summarize the results. This platform was evaluated using existing genome-wide data and was shown to perform accurately and relatively efficiently. CONCLUSIONS The MI-GWAS platform provides a valuable tool for the analysis of association of a phenotype or condition with maternal and inherited genotypes using genome-wide data from case-parent triads. The source code for this platform is freely available at http://www.sph.uth.tmc.edu/sbrr/mi-gwas.htm.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Agopian
- Human Genetics Center, Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, 77030, USA
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Lupo PJ, Mitchell LE, Goldmuntz E. NAT1, NOS3, and TYMS genotypes and the risk of conotruncal cardiac defects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 91:61-5. [PMID: 21254360 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.20745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2010] [Revised: 08/31/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although congenital heart defects (CHDs) are a common and serious group of birth defects, relatively little is known about the causes of these conditions, and there are no established prevention strategies. There is, however, evidence suggesting that the risk of CHDs in general, and conotruncal and related defects (CTRDs) in particular, may be associated with maternal folate status and genetic variants of folate-related genes. Although several folate-related genes have been studied as they relate to CHDs and CTRDs (e.g., MTHFR), others have not been adequately assessed. METHODS Case-parent triads were examined using log-linear analyses to assess the associations between CTRDs and both the genotype inherited by the case and the maternal genotype for the following variants: NAT1 1095C>A, NOS3 894G>T, and TYMS 1494del6. Subgroup analyses were also conducted among cases with classic conotruncal defects and cases with normally related great arteries. RESULTS The results provided little evidence that CTRD risk was associated with the genotype inherited by the case for any of the analyzed variants. However, our results suggest that CTRD risk may be associated with the maternal genotype for NOS3 894G>T (p = 0.024 in the subgroup with normally related great arteries) and TYMS 1494del6 (p = 0.048 in the subgroup with classic conotruncal defects). However, these results were not significant after correcting for multiple comparisons. CONCLUSION This study provides further evidence that CTRD risk may be related to variation within folate-pathway genes and suggests that these associations are, at least in part, mediated through the maternal genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Lupo
- Human Genetics Center, Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
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