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López-Murcia FJ, Lin KH, Berns MMM, Ranjan M, Lipstein N, Neher E, Brose N, Reim K, Taschenberger H. Complexin has a dual synaptic function as checkpoint protein in vesicle priming and as a promoter of vesicle fusion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2320505121. [PMID: 38568977 PMCID: PMC11009659 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2320505121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The presynaptic SNARE-complex regulator complexin (Cplx) enhances the fusogenicity of primed synaptic vesicles (SVs). Consequently, Cplx deletion impairs action potential-evoked transmitter release. Conversely, though, Cplx loss enhances spontaneous and delayed asynchronous release at certain synapse types. Using electrophysiology and kinetic modeling, we show that such seemingly contradictory transmitter release phenotypes seen upon Cplx deletion can be explained by an additional of Cplx in the control of SV priming, where its ablation facilitates the generation of a "faulty" SV fusion apparatus. Supporting this notion, a sequential two-step priming scheme, featuring reduced vesicle fusogenicity and increased transition rates into the faulty primed state, reproduces all aberrations of transmitter release modes and short-term synaptic plasticity seen upon Cplx loss. Accordingly, we propose a dual presynaptic function for the SNARE-complex interactor Cplx, one as a "checkpoint" protein that guarantees the proper assembly of the fusion machinery during vesicle priming, and one in boosting vesicle fusogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco José López-Murcia
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen37075, Germany
| | - Kun-Han Lin
- Laboratory of Membrane Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen37077, Germany
| | - Manon M. M. Berns
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen37075, Germany
| | - Mrinalini Ranjan
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen37075, Germany
- Göttingen Graduate School for Neurosciences, Biophysics, and Molecular Biosciences, Georg August University Göttingen, Göttingen37077, Germany
| | - Noa Lipstein
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen37075, Germany
| | - Erwin Neher
- Laboratory of Membrane Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen37077, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence ‘Multiscale Bioimaging’, Georg August University Göttingen, Göttingen37073, Germany
| | - Nils Brose
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen37075, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence ‘Multiscale Bioimaging’, Georg August University Göttingen, Göttingen37073, Germany
| | - Kerstin Reim
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen37075, Germany
| | - Holger Taschenberger
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen37075, Germany
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2
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Lee WY, Wen C, Pham NH, Khaksaran MH, Lee SK, Zhang SL. Brownian Motion Paving the Way for Molecular Translocation in Nanopores. Small Methods 2024:e2400042. [PMID: 38593378 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202400042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Tracing fast nanopore-translocating analytes requires a high-frequency measurement system that warrants a temporal resolution better than 1 µs. This constraint may practically shift the challenge from increasing the sampling bandwidth to dealing with the rapidly growing noise with frequencies typically above 10 kHz, potentially making it still uncertain if all translocation events are unambiguously captured. Here, a numerical simulation model is presented as an alternative to discern translocation events with different experimental settings including pore dimension, bias voltage, the charge state of the analyte, salt concentration, and electrolyte viscosity. The model allows for simultaneous analysis of forces exerting on a large analyte cohort along their individual trajectories; these forces are responsible for the analyte movement leading eventually to the nanopore translocation. Through tracing the analyte trajectories, the Brownian force is found to dominate the analyte movement in electrolytes until the last moment at which the electroosmotic force determines the final translocation act. The mean dwell time of analytes mimicking streptavidin decreases from ≈6 to ≈1 µs with increasing the bias voltage from ±100 to ±500 mV. The simulated translocation events qualitatively agree with the experimental data with streptavidin. The simulation model is also helpful for the design of new solid-state nanopore sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Yong Lee
- Division of Solid-State Electronics, Department of Electrical Engineering, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75103, Sweden
| | - Chenyu Wen
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, 2629 HZ, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University, Wageningen, 6708 WE, The Netherlands
| | - Ngan Hoang Pham
- Division of Solid-State Electronics, Department of Electrical Engineering, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75103, Sweden
| | - Mohammad Hadi Khaksaran
- Division of Solid-State Electronics, Department of Electrical Engineering, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75103, Sweden
| | - Sang-Kwon Lee
- Department of Physics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, South Korea
| | - Shi-Li Zhang
- Division of Solid-State Electronics, Department of Electrical Engineering, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75103, Sweden
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3
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Liu T, Jiang T, Liu G, Sun C. Temperature Uncertainty Reduction Algorithm Based on Temperature Distribution Prior for Optical Sensors in Oil Tank Ground Settlement Monitoring. Sensors (Basel) 2024; 24:2341. [PMID: 38610552 PMCID: PMC11013973 DOI: 10.3390/s24072341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Ground settlement (GS) in an oil tank determines its structural integrity and commercial service. However, GS monitoring faces challenges, particularly due to the significant temperature differences induced by solar radiation around the tank in daytime. To address this problem, this paper digs out a prior and proposes a temperature uncertainty reduction algorithm based on that. This prior has a spatial Gaussian distribution of temperature around the tank, and numerical simulation and practical tests are conducted to demonstrate it. In addition, combining uniformly packaged sensor probes and the spatial prior of temperature, the temperature uncertainty is verified to be Gaussian-distributed too. Then, the overall temperature uncertainty can be captured by Gaussian fitting and then removed. The practical test verified a 91% reduction rate in temperature uncertainty, and this approach enables GS sensors to effectively perform daytime monitoring by mitigating temperature-related uncertainties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Changsen Sun
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (T.L.); (T.J.); (G.L.)
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4
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Hou Z, Duan X, Zhao Y, Ren G, Li L, Cao W, Liu Z, Liu W. Three-dimensional simulation of green soybean infrared-assisted spouted bed drying. J Sci Food Agric 2024; 104:3206-3215. [PMID: 38072792 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current study introduces a novel infrared-assisted spouted bed drying technique for the dehydration of green soybeans, which aims to enhance the drying quality and efficiency. The investigation involves an examination of the flow pattern in the spouted bed to obtain relevant data, followed by an optimization of the entire drying process. The drying process of green soybeans was simulated using SolidWorks and ANSYS Fluent software, based on the principles of computational fluid dynamics. RESULTS The simulation test results showed that the simulation outcomes were consistent with the experimental data. The optimal conditions for the process of green soybean infrared-assisted spouted bed drying were found to be an inlet speed of 8 m/s and a temperature of 50 °C with the wavelength and power settings of the infrared board at 10 μm and 500 W, respectively. CONCLUSION The simulation method selected in this article, based on gas-solid two-phase flow dynamics, is feasible for green soybean infrared-assisted spouted bed drying process. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyun Hou
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xu Duan
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Storage Security, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yike Zhao
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Guangyue Ren
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Storage Security, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Linlin Li
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Storage Security, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Cao
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Storage Security, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenbin Liu
- Shaanxi Research Institute of Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenchao Liu
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Storage Security, Zhengzhou, China
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5
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Zhou Y, Zhang L, Wang E, Xu E, He Z, Yang T, Hou X. Simulation of the Service Environment and Selection of the Refractory Lining for a Heat Recovery Coke Oven. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:1565. [PMID: 38612080 PMCID: PMC11012632 DOI: 10.3390/ma17071565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
A heat recovery coke oven (HRCO) is one of important approaches to achieving a carbon peak and carbon neutrality in China. However, the steady operation of an HRCO is significantly influenced by the internal working conditions and the quality of lining refractories. In this work, a comprehensive study of the internal working conditions of an HRCO was carried out. The results suggest that the partition wall (PW) between the carbonization and combustion chambers is the most vulnerable area, with the corresponding traditional silica bricks inadequate for the service requirements. A reference based on a comparison of the average thermal stress and high-temperature compressive strength is offered for evaluating and selecting silica bricks for the PW. New optimized silica bricks within the reference are verified to be more applicable to the actual working conditions of an HRCO than the traditional silica bricks. As such, this work provides valuable guidance for the optimization and selection of silica bricks for the PW in an HRCO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuansheng Zhou
- Henan Key Laboratory of High Temperature Functional Ceramics, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; (Y.Z.); (E.X.)
| | - Lixin Zhang
- Sinosteel Luonai Materials Technology Corporation, Luoyang 471000, China;
| | - Enhui Wang
- Institute for Carbon Neutrality, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;
- Liaoning Academy of Materials, Shenyang 110167, China
| | - Enxia Xu
- Henan Key Laboratory of High Temperature Functional Ceramics, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; (Y.Z.); (E.X.)
| | - Zhijun He
- Key Laboratory of Green Low-Carbon and Intelligent Metallurgy Liaoning Province, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China;
| | - Tao Yang
- Institute for Carbon Neutrality, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;
- Liaoning Academy of Materials, Shenyang 110167, China
| | - Xinmei Hou
- Institute for Carbon Neutrality, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;
- Liaoning Academy of Materials, Shenyang 110167, China
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Maxa J, Šabacká P, Mazal J, Neděla V, Binar T, Bača P, Talár J, Bayer R, Čudek P. The Impact of Nozzle Opening Thickness on Flow Characteristics and Primary Electron Beam Scattering in an Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope. Sensors (Basel) 2024; 24:2166. [PMID: 38610377 PMCID: PMC11014117 DOI: 10.3390/s24072166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
This paper describes the methodology of combining experimental measurements with mathematical-physics analyses in the investigation of flow in the aperture and nozzle. The aperture and nozzle separate the differentially pumped chamber from the specimen chamber in an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM). Experimental measurements are provided by temperature and pressure sensors that meet the demanding conditions of cryogenic temperature zones and low pressures. This aperture maintains the required pressure difference between the chambers. Since it separates the large pressure gradient, critical flow occurs on it and supersonic gas flow with the characteristic properties of critical flow in the state variables occurs behind it. As a primary electron beam passes through the differential pumped chamber and the given aperture, the aperture is equipped with a nozzle. The shape of the nozzle strongly influences the character of the supersonic flow. The course of state variables is also strongly influenced by this shape; thus, it affects the number of collisions the primary beam's electrons have with gas molecules, and so the resulting image. This paper describes experimental measurements made using sensors under laboratory conditions in a specially created experimental chamber. Then, validation using mathematical-physical analysis in the Ansys Fluent system is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Maxa
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the CAS, Královopolská 147, 612 64 Brno, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technická 10, 616 00 Brno, Czech Republic (R.B.)
| | - Pavla Šabacká
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technická 10, 616 00 Brno, Czech Republic (R.B.)
| | - Jan Mazal
- Faculty of Military Robotics, University of Defence, 662 10 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vilém Neděla
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the CAS, Královopolská 147, 612 64 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Binar
- Faculty of Military Leadership, University of Defence, 662 10 Brno, Czech Republic (J.T.)
| | - Petr Bača
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technická 10, 616 00 Brno, Czech Republic (R.B.)
| | - Jaroslav Talár
- Faculty of Military Leadership, University of Defence, 662 10 Brno, Czech Republic (J.T.)
| | - Robert Bayer
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technická 10, 616 00 Brno, Czech Republic (R.B.)
| | - Pavel Čudek
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technická 10, 616 00 Brno, Czech Republic (R.B.)
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7
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Shardakov I, Shestakov A, Glot I, Gusev G, Epin V, Tsvetkov R. Piezoceramics Actuator with Attached Mass for Active Vibration Diagnostics of Reinforced Concrete Structures. Sensors (Basel) 2024; 24:2181. [PMID: 38610390 PMCID: PMC11014227 DOI: 10.3390/s24072181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
One of the effective methods of non-destructive testing of structures is active vibration diagnostics. This approach consists of the local dynamic impact of the actuator on the structure and the registration of the vibration response. Testing of massive reinforced concrete structures is carried out with the use of actuators, which are able to create sufficiently high-impact loads. The actuators, which are based on piezoelectric elements, cannot provide a sufficient level of force and the areas where it is possible to register the vibrations excited by such actuators are quite small. In this paper, we propose a variant of a piezoactuator with attached mass, which ensures an increase in the level of dynamic impact on the structure. The effectiveness of this version is verified by numerical modeling of the dynamic interaction of the actuator with a concrete slab. The simulation was carried out within the framework of the theory of elasticity and coupled electroelasticity. An algorithm for selecting the value of the attached mass is described. It is shown that when vibrations are excited in a massive concrete slab, an actuator with an attached mass of 1.3 kg provides a 10,000-fold increase in the force compared to an actuator without attached mass. In the pulse mode, a 100-fold increase in force is achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Shardakov
- Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Science, Academician Korolev Street 1, 614013 Perm, Russia; (A.S.); (I.G.); (G.G.); (V.E.); (R.T.)
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8
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Yi X, Li S, Wen P, Yan S. Numerical Simulation of Polyacrylamide Hydrogel Prepared via Thermally Initiated Frontal Polymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:873. [PMID: 38611131 PMCID: PMC11013634 DOI: 10.3390/polym16070873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditional polymer curing techniques present challenges such as a slow processing speed, high energy consumption, and considerable initial investment. Frontal polymerization (FP), a novel approach, transforms monomers into fully cured polymers through a self-sustaining exothermic reaction, which enhances speed, efficiency, and safety. This study focuses on acrylamide hydrogels, synthesized via FP, which hold significant potential for biomedical applications and 3D printing. Heat conduction is critical in FP, particularly due to its influence on the temperature distribution and reaction rate mechanisms, which affect the final properties of polymers. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis of heat conduction and chemical reactions during FP is presented through the establishment of mathematical models and numerical methods. Existing research on FP hydrogel synthesis primarily explores chemical modifications, with limited studies on numerical modeling. By utilizing Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) data on the curing kinetics of polymerizable deep eutectic solvents (DES), this paper employs Malek's model selection method to establish an autocatalytic reaction model for FP synthesis. In addition, the finite element method is used to solve the reaction-diffusion model, examining the temperature evolution and curing degree during synthesis. The results affirm the nth-order autocatalytic model's accuracy in studying acrylamide monomer curing kinetics. Additionally, factors such as trigger temperature and solution initial temperature were found to influence the FP reaction's frontal propagation speed. The model's predictions on acrylamide hydrogel synthesis align with experimental data, filling the gap in numerical modeling for hydrogel FP synthesis and offering insights for future research on numerical models and temperature control in the FP synthesis of high-performance hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Yi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Theory and Application of Advanced Materials Mechanics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.Y.)
| | - Shengfang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China
| | - Pin Wen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Theory and Application of Advanced Materials Mechanics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.Y.)
| | - Shilin Yan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Theory and Application of Advanced Materials Mechanics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.Y.)
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Gan W, Zuo Z, Zhuang J, Bie D, Xiang J. Aerodynamic/Hydrodynamic Investigation of Water Cross-Over for a Bionic Unmanned Aquatic-Aerial Amphibious Vehicle. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:181. [PMID: 38534866 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9030181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
An aerodynamic/hydrodynamic investigation of water cross-over is performed for a bionic unmanned aquatic-aerial amphibious vehicle (bionic UAAV). According to flying fish features and UAAV flight requirements of water cross-over, the bionic conceptual design of crossing over water is described and planned in multiple stages and modes of motion. A solution procedure for the numerical simulation method, based on a modified SST turbulence model and the VOF model, is expressed, and a verification study is presented using a typical case. Longitudinal-lateral numerical simulation analysis investigates the cruise performance underwater and in the air. The numerical simulation and principal experiment verification are conducted for crossing over water and water surface acceleration. The results indicate that the bionic UAAV has an excellent aerodynamic/hydrodynamic performance and variant configuration to adapt to water cross-over. The bionic UAAV has good water and air navigation stability, and the cruise flying lift-drag ratio is greater than 15 at a low Reynolds number. Its pitching moment has the phenomenon of a "water mound" forming and breaking at the water cross-over process. The present method and the bionic variant configuration provide a feasible water cross-over design and analysis strategy for bionic UAAVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbiao Gan
- Institute of Unmanned System Research, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhenjie Zuo
- School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Junjie Zhuang
- School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Dawei Bie
- Tianmushan Laboratory, Yuhang District, Hangzhou 311115, China
| | - Jinwu Xiang
- School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
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10
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Qu Y, Zhang R, Wu J, Xu L, Zuo S, Xu B. Dynamic buckling response of buried X70 steel pipe with bolted flange connection under two-charge explosion loads. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26826. [PMID: 38468943 PMCID: PMC10925982 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
It is of great significance to investigate the dynamic response of pipes under blasting loads for the operation, assessment, and repair of pipes. However, there are few studies available on the dynamic buckling response of pipes under multiple explosion loads. In the present study, pipe-soil coupling 3-D models are established to investigate the dynamic buckling response of X70 steel pipe with bolted flange connection (BFC) under two-charge explosion loads (Charge A lied on the ground surface and Charge B lied in the soil). The main influencing factors are also discussed, including explosion mode, internal pressure, interval time, mass ratio of charges, and diameter-to-thickness ratio (D/t ratio). When Charges A and B were exploded simultaneously, it is found that the non-pressurized X70 pipe produced more significant cross-sectional deformation than in one-point explosion (Charge A or B). Increasing D/t ratio is advantageous for the anti-explosion of the pipe with BFC. Suitable internal pressure can effectively prevent the buckling deformation of the pipe. Compared with the common straight pipe, BFC system can effectively decrease the local buckling deformation and improve the anti-explosion ability of the pipe due to its higher local stiffness and energy absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yandong Qu
- College of Civil Engineering, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116650, China
| | - Ruixue Zhang
- School of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Liaoning University of Technology, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Jinda Wu
- School of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Liaoning University of Technology, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Lei Xu
- College of Civil Engineering, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116650, China
| | - Shengnan Zuo
- School of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Liaoning University of Technology, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Baiyuan Xu
- School of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Liaoning University of Technology, Jinzhou 121001, China
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11
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Rosnitskiy PB, Khokhlova TD, Schade GR, Sapozhnikov OA, Khokhlova VA. Treatment Planning and Aberration Correction Algorithm for HIFU Ablation of Renal Tumors. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control 2024; 71:341-353. [PMID: 38231825 PMCID: PMC11003458 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2024.3355390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) applications for thermal or mechanical ablation of renal tumors often encounter challenges due to significant beam aberration and refraction caused by oblique beam incidence, inhomogeneous tissue layers, and presence of gas and bones within the beam. These losses can be significantly mitigated through sonication geometry planning, patient positioning, and aberration correction using multielement phased arrays. Here, a sonication planning algorithm is introduced, which uses the simulations to select the optimal transducer position and evaluate the effect of aberrations and acoustic field quality at the target region after aberration correction. Optimization of transducer positioning is implemented using a graphical user interface (GUI) to visualize a segmented 3-D computed tomography (CT)-based acoustic model of the body and to select sonication geometry through a combination of manual and automated approaches. An HIFU array (1.5 MHz, 256 elements) and three renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cases with different tumor locations and patient body habitus were considered. After array positioning, the correction of aberrations was performed using a combination of backpropagation from the focus with an ordinary least squares (OLS) optimization of phases at the array elements. The forward propagation was simulated using a combination of the Rayleigh integral and k-space pseudospectral method (k-Wave toolbox). After correction, simulated HIFU fields showed tight focusing and up to threefold higher maximum pressure within the target region. The addition of OLS optimization to the aberration correction method yielded up to 30% higher maximum pressure compared to the conventional backpropagation and up to 250% higher maximum pressure compared to the ray-tracing method, particularly in strongly distorted cases.
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12
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Leidemann J, Dias JP, Al-Nasra M. Design of customizable personal protective equipment for 3-D printing: Performance evaluation of N95 respirators using computational fluid dynamics. J Occup Environ Hyg 2024; 21:169-188. [PMID: 38451217 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2023.2299811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
3-D printing the structural components of facemasks and personal protective equipment (PPE) based on 3-D facial scans creates a high degree of customizability. As a result, the facemask fits more comfortably with its user's specific facial characteristics, filters contaminants more effectively with its increased sealing effect, and minimizes waste with its cleanable and reusable plastic structure compared to other baseline models. In this work, 3-D renditions of the user's face taken with smartphone laser scanning techniques were used to generate customized computer-aided design (CAD) models for the several components of an N95 respirator, which are each designed with considerations for assembly and 3-D printing constraints. Thorough analyses with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were carried out to verify the respirator's efficiency in filtering airborne contaminants to comply with industry safety guidelines and generate data to showcase the relationships between various input and output design parameters. This involved a comparative study to identify the ideal cross-sectional geometry of exposed filter fabric, a sensitivity study to evaluate the respirator's ability to protect the user in various scenarios, and the 3-D printing of several prototypes to estimate printing time, cost of materials, and comfort level at the user's face. Results showed that the combination of different digital tools can increase efficiency in the design, performance assessment, and production of customized N95-rated respirators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Leidemann
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Shippensburg University of Pennsylvania, Shippensburg, PA, USA
| | - João Paulo Dias
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Shippensburg University of Pennsylvania, Shippensburg, PA, USA
| | - Moayyad Al-Nasra
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Shippensburg University of Pennsylvania, Shippensburg, PA, USA
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13
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Xiao Z, Zhang G, Liu D, Wu C. Impact of Electromagnetic Stirring Roller Arrangement Pattern on Magnetic Field Simulation and Solidification Structure of PW800 Steel in the Second Cooling Zone. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:1038. [PMID: 38473511 DOI: 10.3390/ma17051038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Strand electromagnetic stirring (S-EMS), a technique applied in the secondary cooling zone, enhances the solidification structure of casting slabs. This study examines how the arrangement pattern of electromagnetic stirring rollers-face-to-face, side-to-side or up-down misalignment produces this enhancement. It uses simulations to analyze the electromagnetic field distribution in these configurations. The findings demonstrate that: (1) The magnetic flux density distribution in the casting slab is related to the arrangement pattern of the electromagnetic stirring rollers. (2) The face-to-face arrangement produces the largest and most concentrated electromagnetic force compared to the other two arrangement patterns. (3) S-EMS can effectively improve the equiaxed grain ratio of casting slabs. Before and after EMS is turned on, casting slabs' average equiaxed grain ratio goes up from 8% to 33%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiang Xiao
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Guifang Zhang
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Daiwei Liu
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Chenhui Wu
- Panzhihua Iron and Steel Co., Ltd., Panzhihua 617000, China
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14
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Hu Y, Pei W, Ji H, Yu R, Liu S. Tungsten Inert Gas Welding of 6061-T6 Aluminum Alloy Frame: Finite Element Simulation and Experiment. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:1039. [PMID: 38473510 DOI: 10.3390/ma17051039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
In order to address the irregularity of the welding path in aluminum alloy frame joints, this study conducted a numerical simulation of free-path welding. It focuses on the application of the TIG (tungsten inert gas) welding process in aluminum alloy welding, specifically at the intersecting line nodes of welded bicycle frames. The welding simulation was performed on a 6061-T6 aluminum alloy frame. Using a custom heat source subroutine written in Fortran language and integrated into the ABAQUS environment, a detailed numerical simulation study was conducted. The distribution of key fields during the welding process, such as temperature, equivalent stress, and post-weld deformation, were carefully analyzed. Building upon this analysis, the thin-walled TIG welding process was optimized using the response surface method, resulting in the identification of the best welding parameters: a welding current of 240 A, a welding voltage of 20 V, and a welding speed of 11 mm/s. These optimal parameters were successfully implemented in actual welding production, yielding excellent welding results in terms of forming quality. Through experimentation, it was confirmed that the welded parts were completely formed under the optimized process parameters and met the required product standards. Consequently, this research provides valuable theoretical and technical guidance for aluminum alloy bicycle frame welding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hu
- College of Mechanical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Weichi Pei
- College of Mechanical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Hongchao Ji
- College of Mechanical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Rongdi Yu
- TangShan ChenYang Sports Equipment Co., Ltd., Tangshan 063014, China
| | - Shengqiang Liu
- College of Mechanical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
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15
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Du Z, Jin Z, Li S, Xue H, Zhao R. Experimental and Numerical Study on Chloride Transport in Unsaturated Concrete: Highlighting Temperature, Humidity, and Mineral Admixtures. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:930. [PMID: 38399181 PMCID: PMC10890477 DOI: 10.3390/ma17040930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Chloride transport within concrete is critical for the durability of reinforced concrete structures; however, its diffusion under the coupling action of temperature and humidity has not been fully comprehended. Therefore, in this work, the coupling effects of temperature, relative humidity, and mineral admixtures on chloride transport in concrete were investigated through experimental and numerical simulation work. The results show that the chloride diffusion coefficient decreases with the decreased temperature and growth of relative humidity; however, the chloride concentration on the concrete surface is increased with the growth of temperature and relative humidity. Moreover, compounding about 15% fly ash (FA) and 30% granulated ground blast furnace slag (GGBS) to replace the cement is the most beneficial for improving the antichloride capacity of concrete, considering also the strength. In addition, the numerical simulation considering the coupled effect of temperature and relative humidity of chloride transport in concrete has good agreement with that of experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhantao Du
- School of Civil Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China; (Z.D.)
- Engineering Research Center of Concrete Technology under Marine Environment, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Zuquan Jin
- School of Civil Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China; (Z.D.)
- Engineering Research Center of Concrete Technology under Marine Environment, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Shicai Li
- School of Civil Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China; (Z.D.)
- Engineering Research Center of Concrete Technology under Marine Environment, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Huan Xue
- School of Civil Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China; (Z.D.)
- Qingdao Branch of Beijing Zhongchang Engineering Consulting Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- School of Civil Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China; (Z.D.)
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16
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Ma Y, Yu W, Shang W, Zhao Z, Yu J, Tan P. Design of Thick Electrodes with Vertical Channels for Aqueous Batteries: Experimental and Numerical Analysis. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:5943-5956. [PMID: 38285498 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Developing thick electrodes with high-area loadings is a direct method for boosting the energy density. However, this approach also leads to a proportional increase in the resistance to charge transport. Optimizing the microstructure of the electrode can effectively enhance the charge transport kinetics in thick electrodes. Herein, a low-tortuosity nickel electrode with vertical channels (VC-Ni) is fabricated using a phase inversion method. A high-loading VC-Ni electrode (26.7 mg cm-2) delivers a superior specific capacity of 134.0 mAh g-1 at a 5 C rate, significantly outperforming the conventional nickel electrode (Con-Ni). Numerical simulations reveal the fast transport kinetics within the vertical channel electrodes. For the thick electrode, the VC-Ni electrode shows a substantially lower concentration gradient of OH- and H+ compared to the Con-Ni electrode. Notably, beyond a critical loading of 26.5 mg cm-2, the specific capacity initially increases with volume fraction, peaking at 50%, and then diminishes. The specific capacity increases as the channel size decreases, but the tendency to increase gradually decreases. The highest specific capacity is achieved with an inverted trapezoidal channel shape, characterized by larger pores near the separator and smaller pores near the current collector. This work is of guidance for the design of thick electrodes for high-performance aqueous batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyi Ma
- Department of Thermal Science and Energy Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Wentao Yu
- Department of Thermal Science and Energy Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Wenxu Shang
- Department of Thermal Science and Energy Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Zhongxi Zhao
- Department of Thermal Science and Energy Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Jianwen Yu
- Department of Thermal Science and Energy Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Peng Tan
- Department of Thermal Science and Energy Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
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Sakharova NA, Antunes JM, Pereira AFG, Chaparro BM, Parreira TG, Fernandes JV. Numerical Evaluation of the Elastic Moduli of AlN and GaN Nanosheets. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:799. [PMID: 38399050 PMCID: PMC10890007 DOI: 10.3390/ma17040799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) nanostructures of aluminum nitride (AlN) and gallium nitride (GaN), called nanosheets, have a graphene-like atomic arrangement and represent novel materials with important upcoming applications in the fields of flexible electronics, optoelectronics, and strain engineering, among others. Knowledge of their mechanical behavior is key to the correct design and enhanced functioning of advanced 2D devices and systems based on aluminum nitride and gallium nitride nanosheets. With this background, the surface Young's and shear moduli of AlN and GaN nanosheets over a wide range of aspect ratios were assessed using the nanoscale continuum model (NCM), also known as the molecular structural mechanics (MSM) approach. The NCM/MSM approach uses elastic beam elements to represent interatomic bonds and allows the elastic moduli of nanosheets to be evaluated in a simple way. The surface Young's and shear moduli calculated in the current study contribute to building a reference for the evaluation of the elastic moduli of AlN and GaN nanosheets using the theoretical method. The results show that an analytical methodology can be used to assess the Young's and shear moduli of aluminum nitride and gallium nitride nanosheets without the need for numerical simulation. An exploratory study was performed to adjust the input parameters of the numerical simulation, which led to good agreement with the results of elastic moduli available in the literature. The limitations of this method are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya A. Sakharova
- Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes (CEMMPRE)—Advanced Production and Intelligent Systems, Associated Laboratory (ARISE), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Luís Reis Santos, Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.M.A.); (A.F.G.P.); (T.G.P.); (J.V.F.)
| | - Jorge M. Antunes
- Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes (CEMMPRE)—Advanced Production and Intelligent Systems, Associated Laboratory (ARISE), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Luís Reis Santos, Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.M.A.); (A.F.G.P.); (T.G.P.); (J.V.F.)
- Abrantes High School of Technology, Polytechnic Institute of Tomar, Quinta do Contador, Estrada da Serra, 2300-313 Tomar, Portugal;
| | - André F. G. Pereira
- Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes (CEMMPRE)—Advanced Production and Intelligent Systems, Associated Laboratory (ARISE), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Luís Reis Santos, Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.M.A.); (A.F.G.P.); (T.G.P.); (J.V.F.)
| | - Bruno M. Chaparro
- Abrantes High School of Technology, Polytechnic Institute of Tomar, Quinta do Contador, Estrada da Serra, 2300-313 Tomar, Portugal;
| | - Tomás G. Parreira
- Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes (CEMMPRE)—Advanced Production and Intelligent Systems, Associated Laboratory (ARISE), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Luís Reis Santos, Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.M.A.); (A.F.G.P.); (T.G.P.); (J.V.F.)
| | - José V. Fernandes
- Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes (CEMMPRE)—Advanced Production and Intelligent Systems, Associated Laboratory (ARISE), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Luís Reis Santos, Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.M.A.); (A.F.G.P.); (T.G.P.); (J.V.F.)
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18
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Gubanova EM, Usov NA. Ferromagnetic resonance spectra of linear magnetosome chains. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2024; 15:157-167. [PMID: 38352719 PMCID: PMC10862131 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.15.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) spectra of oriented and non-oriented assemblies of linear magnetosome chains are calculated by solving the stochastic Landau-Lifshitz equation. The dependence of the shape of the FMR spectrum of a dilute assembly of chains on the particle diameter, the number of particles in a chain, the distance between the centers of neighboring particles, the mutual orientation of the cubic axes of particle anisotropy, and the value of the magnetic damping constant is studied. It is shown that FMR spectra of non-oriented chain assemblies depend on the average particle diameter at a fixed thickness of the lipid magnetosome membrane, as well as on the value of the magnetic damping constant. At the same time, they are practically independent of the number Np of particles in the chain under the condition Np ≥ 10. The FMR spectra of non-oriented assemblies of magnetosome chains are compared with that of random clusters of interacting spherical magnetite nanoparticles. The shape of FMR spectra of both assemblies is shown to differ appreciably even at sufficiently large values of filling density of random clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nikolai A Usov
- National Research Nuclear University “MEPhI”, 115409, Moscow, Russia
- Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation, Russian Academy of Sciences, IZMIRAN, 108480, Troitsk, Moscow, Russia
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19
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Kouhjani M, Jaafari MR, Kamali H, Abbasi A, Tafaghodi M, Mousavi Shaegh SA. Microfluidic-assisted preparation of PLGA nanoparticles loaded with insulin: a comparison with double emulsion solvent evaporation method. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 2024; 35:306-329. [PMID: 38100556 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2023.2287247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) is an ideal polymer for the delivery of small and macromolecule drugs. Conventional preparation methods of PLGA nanoparticles (NPs) result in poor control over NPs properties. In this research, a microfluidic mixer was designed to produce insulin-loaded PLGA NPs with tuned properties. Importantly; aggregation of the NPs through the mixer was diminished due to the coaxial mixing of the precursors. The micromixer allowed for the production of NPs with small size and narrow size distribution compared to the double emulsion solvent evaporation (DESE) method. Furthermore, encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity indicated a significant increase in optimized NPs produced through the microfluidic method in comparison to DESE method. NPs prepared by the microfluidic method were able to achieve a more reduction of trans-epithelial electrical resistance values in the Caco-2 cells compared to those developed by the DESE technique that leads to greater paracellular permeation. Compatibility and interaction between components were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry and fourier transform infrared analysis. Also, the effect of NPs on cell toxicity was investigated using MTT test. Numerical simulations were conducted to analyze the effect of mixing patterns on the properties of the NPs. It was revealed that by decreasing flow rate ratio, i.e. flow rate of the organic phase to the flow rate of the aqueous phase, mixing of the two streams increases. As an alternative to the DESE method, high flexibility in modulating hydrodynamic conditions of the microfluidic mixer allowed for nanoassembly of NPs with superior insulin encapsulation at smaller particle sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Kouhjani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Kamali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Abbasi
- Laboratory of Microfluidics and Medical Microsystems, BuAli Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Orthopedic Research Center, Ghaem Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Tafaghodi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Nanotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Mousavi Shaegh
- Laboratory of Microfluidics and Medical Microsystems, BuAli Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Orthopedic Research Center, Ghaem Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Clinical Research Unit, Ghaem Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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20
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Yang Y, Lai J, Xu C, He Z, Jiao P, Ren H. Lightweight Pneumatically Elastic Backbone Structure with Modular Construction and Nonlinear Interaction for Soft Actuators. Soft Robot 2024; 11:57-69. [PMID: 37624648 DOI: 10.1089/soro.2021.0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been a growing need for soft robots operating various force-sensitive tasks due to their environmental adaptability, satisfactory controllability, and nonlinear mobility unique from rigid robots. It is of desire to further study the system instability and strongly nonlinear interaction phenomenon that are the main influence factors to the actuations of lightweight soft actuators. In this study, we present a design principle on lightweight pneumatically elastic backbone structure (PEBS) with the modular construction for soft actuators, which contains a backbone printed as one piece and a common strip balloon. We build a prototype of a lightweight (<80 g) soft actuator, which can perform bending motions with satisfactory output forces (∼20 times self-weight). Experiments are conducted on the bending effects generated by interactions between the hyperelastic inner balloon and the elastic backbone. We investigated the nonlinear interaction and system instability experimentally, numerically, and parametrically. To overcome them, we further derived a theoretical nonlinear model and a numerical model. Satisfactory agreements are obtained between the numerical, theoretical, and experimental results. The accuracy of the numerical model is fully validated. Parametric studies are conducted on the backbone geometry and stiffness, balloon stiffness, thickness, and diameter. The accurate controllability, operation safety, modularization ability, and collaborative ability of the PEBS are validated by designing PEBS into a soft laryngoscope, a modularized PEBS library for a robotic arm, and a PEBS system that can operate remote surgery. The reported work provides a further applicability potential of soft robotics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (BME), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Port, Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiewen Lai
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chaochao Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (BME), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Research Institute, National University of Singapore (Suzhou), Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiguo He
- Institute of Port, Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pengcheng Jiao
- Institute of Port, Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongliang Ren
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (BME), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Research Institute, National University of Singapore (Suzhou), Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Shun Hing Institute of Advanced Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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21
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Pantakitcharoenkul J, Touma J, Jovanovic G, Coblyn M. Enzyme-functionalized hydrogel film for extracorporeal uric acid reduction. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2024; 112:e35375. [PMID: 38359171 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Enzyme replacement therapy for hyperuricemia treatment has been proven effective for critical state hyperuricemia patients. Still, direct administration of recombinant uricase can induce several fatal side effects. To circumvent this drawback, hydrogel protein carriers can be used in platforms for extracorporeal treatment such as microscale-based devices. In this work, calcium alginate and poly-(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel films were studied for their urate oxidase immobilization and uric acid reduction, which could be implemented in microscale-based extracorporeal devices. A mathematical model was developed in conjunction with uric acid reduction experiments to evaluate the influence of mass transfer and reaction parameters in the Michaelis-Menten kinetic expression. Alginate hydrogels prepared with crosslinker 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide and N-(hydroxysuccinimide) offered superior diffusivity of uric acid in the gel matrix at the maximum value ofD g , UA ≈ $$ {D}_{\mathrm{g},\mathrm{UA}}\approx $$ 1.98 × 10-11 m2 /s compared with alginate prepared solely from ionic crosslinking withD g , UA ≈ $$ {D}_{\mathrm{g},\mathrm{UA}}\approx $$ 5.31 × 10-12 m2 /s at the same alginate concentration. The maximum value of νmax was experimentally determined at 7.78 × 10-5 mol/(m3 s). A 3% sodium alginate hydrogel with crosslinkers yielded the highest reduction of uric acid at 92.70%. The mathematical model demonstrated an excellent prediction of uric acid conversion suggesting potential use of the model for formulation and maximizing the therapeutic performance of functionalized hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaturavit Pantakitcharoenkul
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Oregon, USA
- Center for Research Innovation and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Jad Touma
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Oregon, USA
| | - Goran Jovanovic
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Oregon, USA
| | - Matthew Coblyn
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Oregon, USA
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22
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Goren T, Reboux S, Farcito S, Lloyd B, Kuster N. Influence of patient head definition on induced E-fields during MR examination. Magn Reson Med 2024; 91:735-740. [PMID: 37848397 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiofrequency (RF) exposure during MR examination is limited by IEC 60601-2-33 to prevent thermal hazards to patients. These limits are also the basis to derive the maximum induced field for the demonstration of MR safety of implants per ISO/TS 10974 (2018). One limit is the head-averaged specific absorption rate (SAR), for which the head extent is defined differently by MR and implant vendors. The purpose of this technical note is to inform MR safety stakeholders on the sensitivity of safety evaluations due to different head extent definitions. METHODS RF distributions from the validated MRIxViP exposure libraries of 12 high-resolution human anatomical models were scaled to the normative SAR limits for different definitions of the head extent to compare the corresponding induced SAR and electric (E-)field levels. RESULTS The definitions of the head extent used by major implant vendors and defined in ISO/TS 10974 (2018) are larger than those introduced in IEC 60601-2-33 (2022), resulting in lower RF head exposure by up to 2.4 dB (factor 1.7). Other proposed definitions of the head result in intermediate values. CONCLUSION The different head extents result in different maximum RF exposures affecting the risk assessment by up to a factor of 1.7. The results of this study can be used to estimate the additional uncertainty in safety assessments. Future revisions of MR standards should eliminate this inconsistency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bryn Lloyd
- IT'IS Foundation, Zurich, Switzerland
- ZMT Zurich MedTech AG, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Niels Kuster
- IT'IS Foundation, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland
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23
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Tian N, Zhang G, Yan P, Li P, Feng Z, Wang X. Simulation and Experimental Study on the Effect of Superheat on Solidification Microstructure Evolution of Billet in Continuous Casting. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:682. [PMID: 38591540 PMCID: PMC10856296 DOI: 10.3390/ma17030682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The control of the solidification structure of a casting billet is directly correlated with the quality of steel. Variations in superheat can influence the transition from columnar crystals to equiaxed crystals during the solidification process, subsequently impacting the final solidification structure of the billet. In this study, a model of microstructure evolution during billet solidification was established by combining simulation and experiment, and the dendrite growth microstructure evolution during billet solidification under different superheat was studied. The results show that when the superheat is 60 K, the complete solidification time of the casting billet from the end of the 50 mm section is 252 s, when the superheat is 40 K, the complete solidification time of the casting billet is 250 s, and when the superheat is 20 K, the complete solidification time of the casting billet is 245 s. When the superheat is 20 K, the proportion of the equiaxed crystal region is higher-the highest value is 53.35%-and the average grain radius is 0.84556 mm. The proportion of the equiaxed crystal region decreases with the increase of superheat. When the superheat is 60 K, the proportion of the equiaxed crystal region is the lowest-the lowest value is 46.27%-and the average grain radius is 1.07653 mm. Proper reduction of superheat can obviously reduce the size of equiaxed crystal, expand the area of equiaxed crystal and improve the quality of casting billet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Tian
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China; (N.T.); (P.Y.); (P.L.); (Z.F.); (X.W.)
| | - Guifang Zhang
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China; (N.T.); (P.Y.); (P.L.); (Z.F.); (X.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Clean Metallurgy for Complex Iron Resources in Colleges and Universities of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Peng Yan
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China; (N.T.); (P.Y.); (P.L.); (Z.F.); (X.W.)
| | - Pengchao Li
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China; (N.T.); (P.Y.); (P.L.); (Z.F.); (X.W.)
- Linyi Iron and Steel Investment Group Special Steel Co., Ltd., Linyi 276000, China
| | - Zhenhua Feng
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China; (N.T.); (P.Y.); (P.L.); (Z.F.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China; (N.T.); (P.Y.); (P.L.); (Z.F.); (X.W.)
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24
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Berthe S, Bahlouli N, Bilasse M, Liverneaux P. Pull-out resistance of connected K-wires for osteosynthesis: development of a numerical model. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38293739 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2024.2310729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
A predictive finite element model was developed to investigate the best configuration of a fixation pins system consisting of two K-wires inserted in a synthetic model (Sawbones®) at different angles and secured to a connecting rod. Two key parameters were considered to determine the best configuration delivering the higher pull-out strength and lower pull-out length: the diameter and insertion angle. Results show that as the diameter and insertion angle increased, the pull-out force increased, while the pull-out length decreased. Results are successfully compared with available experimental data in literature. This model can be used as an alternative to experimental study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Berthe
- ICube CNRS UMR7357, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
- ICAM, Schiltigheim, France
| | - Nadia Bahlouli
- ICube CNRS UMR7357, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
| | - Massamaesso Bilasse
- ICube CNRS UMR7357, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
- ICAM, Schiltigheim, France
| | - Philippe Liverneaux
- ICube CNRS UMR7357, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
- Department of Hand Surgery, Strasbourg University Hospitals, FMTS, Strasbourg, France
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25
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Zheng Y, Liu Y, Tang C, Liu B, Zou H, Li W, Zhang H. Mixing Performance Analysis and Optimal Design of a Novel Passive Baffle Micromixer. Micromachines (Basel) 2024; 15:182. [PMID: 38398912 PMCID: PMC10893328 DOI: 10.3390/mi15020182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Micromixers, as crucial components of microfluidic devices, find widespread applications in the field of biochemistry. Due to the laminar flow in microchannels, mixing is challenging, and it significantly impacts the efficiency of rapid reactions. In this study, numerical simulations of four baffle micromixer structures were carried out at different Reynolds numbers (Re = 0.1, Re = 1, Re = 10, and Re = 100) in order to investigate the flow characteristics and mixing mechanism under different structures and optimize the micromixer by varying the vertical displacement of the baffle, the rotation angle, the horizontal spacing, and the number of baffle, and by taking into account the mixing intensity and pressure drop. The results indicated that the optimal mixing efficiency was achieved when the baffle's vertical displacement was 90 μm, the baffle angle was 60°, the horizontal spacing was 130 μm, and there were 20 sets of baffles. At Re = 0.1, the mixing efficiency reached 99.4%, and, as Re increased, the mixing efficiency showed a trend of, first, decreasing and then increasing. At Re = 100, the mixing efficiency was 97.2%. Through simulation analysis of the mixing process, the structure of the baffle-type micromixer was effectively improved, contributing to enhanced fluid mixing efficiency and reaction speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Zheng
- Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (C.T.); (B.L.); (H.Z.); (W.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (C.T.); (B.L.); (H.Z.); (W.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Chaojun Tang
- Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (C.T.); (B.L.); (H.Z.); (W.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (C.T.); (B.L.); (H.Z.); (W.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Hongyuan Zou
- Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (C.T.); (B.L.); (H.Z.); (W.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Wei Li
- Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (C.T.); (B.L.); (H.Z.); (W.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Hongpeng Zhang
- Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (C.T.); (B.L.); (H.Z.); (W.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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26
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Koreček D, Solfronk P, Sobotka J. Analysis of TRIP Steel HCT690 Deformation Behaviour for Prediction of the Deformation Process and Spring-Back of the Material via Numerical Simulation. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:535. [PMID: 38591415 PMCID: PMC10856082 DOI: 10.3390/ma17030535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
This paper deals with the analysis of TRIP steel HCT690 deformation behaviour. The mechanical properties and deformation characteristics of the tested material are determined using selected material tests and tests that consider the required stress states used to define the yield criterion boundary condition and subsequent deformation behaviour in the region of severe plastic deformation. The measured data are subsequently implemented in the numerical simulation of sheet metal forming, where they are used as input data for the computational process in the form of a selected material model defining the yield criterion boundary and, furthermore, the material hardening law during deformation of the material. The chosen numerical simulation process corresponds to the sheet metal forming process, including the subsequent spring-back of the material, when the force does not affect the material. Furthermore, the influence of the chosen computational model and selected process parameters on the deformation and spring-back process of the material is evaluated. In addition to that, at the end of the paper, the results from the numerical simulation are compared with experimentally produced sheet stamping.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Koreček
- Department of Engineering Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 1402/2, 46117 Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Solfronk
- Department of Engineering Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 1402/2, 46117 Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Sobotka
- Department of Engineering Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 1402/2, 46117 Liberec, Czech Republic
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27
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Feng Z, Zhang G, Li P, Yan P. Numerical Simulation of Fluid Flow, Solidification, and Solute Distribution in Billets under Combined Mold and Final Electromagnetic Stirring. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:530. [PMID: 38276469 PMCID: PMC10820692 DOI: 10.3390/ma17020530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a three-dimensional segmented coupled model for continuous casting billets under combined mold and final electromagnetic stirring (M-EMS, F-EMS) was developed. The model was verified by comparing carbon segregation in billets with and without EMS through plant experiments. The findings revealed that both M-EMS and F-EMS induce tangential flow in molten steel, impacting solidification and solute distribution processes within the billet. For M-EMS, with operating parameters of 250A-2Hz, the maximum tangential velocity (velocity projected onto the cross-section) was observed at the liquid phase's edge. For F-EMS, with operating parameters of 250A-6Hz, the maximum tangential velocity occurred at fl=0.7. Furthermore, F-EMS accelerated heat transfer in the liquid phase, reducing the central liquid fraction from 0.93 to 0.85. M-EMS intensified the washing effect of molten steel on the solidification front, resulting in the formation of negative segregation within the mold. F-EMS significantly improved the centerline segregation issue, reducing carbon segregation from 1.15 to 1.02. Experimental and simulation results, with and without EMS, were in good agreement, indicating that M+F-EMS leads to a more uniform solute distribution within the billet, with a pronounced improvement in centerline segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Feng
- Faculty of Metallurgy and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China; (Z.F.); (P.L.)
| | - Guifang Zhang
- Faculty of Metallurgy and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China; (Z.F.); (P.L.)
| | - Pengchao Li
- Faculty of Metallurgy and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China; (Z.F.); (P.L.)
- Linyi Iron and Steel Investment Group Special Steel Co., Ltd., Linyi 276000, China
| | - Peng Yan
- Faculty of Metallurgy and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China; (Z.F.); (P.L.)
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28
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Oyinloye TM, Yoon WB. Analysis of Mass Transfer and Shrinkage Characteristics of Chinese Cabbage ( Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis) Leaves during Osmotic Dehydration. Foods 2024; 13:332. [PMID: 38275699 PMCID: PMC10815306 DOI: 10.3390/foods13020332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The mass transfer and shrinkage characteristics of Chinese cabbage (CC) during osmotic dehydration (OD) were investigated. The leaves were grouped into four sections and analyzed based on their morphological characteristics (i.e., maturity, width, and thickness). The sections were immersed in 2.0 mol/m3 NaCl for 120 h at 25 ± 2 °C. The diffusion coefficient (D) of the leaf blade was not significantly different with respect to the sections that were formed, but it was significantly different in the midrib in the increasing order of P1, P4, P3, and P2, with values of 1.12, 1.61, 1.84, and 2.06 (× 10-6), respectively, after a 1 h soaking period due to the different characteristics in morphology and structure, such as porosity (0.31, 0.41, 0.42, and 0.38 for positions 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively) and fiber contents. Numerical simulation (NS) for CC was conducted with and without the consideration of shrinkage during OD. The shrinkage effect on the NaCl uptake analyzed using NS indicated no significant difference between 0 to 48 h for both models. However, changes in the NaCl concentration were observed from 48 h onwards, with a lesser concentration in the model with shrinkage for all sections. The difference in NaCl concentration for the models with and without shrinkage was within the standard error range (±0.2 mol/m3) observed during experimental analysis. This implies that the shrinkage effect can be overlooked during the modeling of CC to reduce computational power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timilehin Martins Oyinloye
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea;
- Elder-Friendly Research Center, Agriculture and Life Science Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Byong Yoon
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea;
- Elder-Friendly Research Center, Agriculture and Life Science Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
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29
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He S, Xu X, Feng P, Yang C, Wang S. Numerical Simulation and Experimental Verification of Melt-Spinning Parameters' Effects on Multi-Leaf Hollow-Profiled Fiber Preparation. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:228. [PMID: 38257027 DOI: 10.3390/polym16020228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Multi-leaf hollow-profiled fiber is a complex-shaped fiber with a hollow structure with at least three leaves arranged outside. In this work, spinning processes for the preparation of multi-leaf hollow-profiled fiber with complex cross-section patterns were proposed. Initially, the characteristics and preparation methods of multi-leaf hollow-profiled fibers were analyzed, and the key technologies for their preparation were studied. Further, micro-hole spinnerets were designed, and the numerical simulations of melt flow in the spinning channel were performed. Then, the preparation of six-leaf hollow profiled fibers was carried out to study the formation of the cross-sections. Finally, as an extension and application, an experimental verification of the melt spinning parameters' effects on eight-leaf hollow fiber preparation was conducted. From the results of the spinning experiments, it was found that when the volume flow rate of a single hole increased from 2.33 × 10-8 m3/s to 3.33 × 10-8 m3/s, the profile degree of the spun fiber increased from 30.93% to a maximum value of 40.99%. Furthermore, when the cooling speed increased from 0.6 m/s to 1 m/s, the profile degree increased from 29.56% to 41.63%. When the initial blowing height increased from 80 mm to 140 mm, the profile degree decreased from 40.99% to 27.13%. When the spinning temperature increased from 285 °C to 290 °C, the profile degree decreased from 40.99% to 38.56%. However, the winding speed had an insignificant effect on the cross-sectional shape of the spun fibers. Moreover, the spun fibers showed good performance and a natural three-dimensional crimp function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqun He
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xinkang Xu
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Pei Feng
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Textile Machinery, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Chongchang Yang
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Textile Machinery, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Shengze Wang
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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30
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Takamura M, Isozaki M, Takeda S, Oya Y, Koyanagi J. Evaluation of True Bonding Strength for Adhesive Bonded Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Plastics. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:394. [PMID: 38255561 PMCID: PMC10817254 DOI: 10.3390/ma17020394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastics (CFRTPs) have attracted attention in aerospace because of their superior specific strength and stiffness. It can be assembled by adhesive bonding; however, the existing evaluation of bonding strength is inadequate. For example, in a single-lap shear test, the weld zone fails in a combined stress state because of the bending moment. Therefore, the strength obtained experimentally is only the apparent strength. The true bonding strength was obtained via numerical analysis by outputting the local stress state at the initiation point of failure. In this study, the apparent and true bonding strengths were compared with respect to three types of strength evaluation tests to comprehensively evaluate bonding strength. Consequently, the single-lap shear test underestimates the apparent bonding strength by less than 14% of the true bonding strength. This indicates that care should be taken when determining the adhesion properties for use in numerical analyses based on experimental results. We also discussed the thickness dependence of the adhesive on the stress state and found that the developed shear test by compression reduced the discrepancy between apparent and true strength compared with the single-lap shear test and reduced the thickness dependence compared with the flatwise tensile test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maruri Takamura
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan; (M.T.); (M.I.); (Y.O.)
| | - Minori Isozaki
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan; (M.T.); (M.I.); (Y.O.)
| | | | - Yutaka Oya
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan; (M.T.); (M.I.); (Y.O.)
| | - Jun Koyanagi
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan; (M.T.); (M.I.); (Y.O.)
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31
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Zhang J, Zhu X, Zhou M, Huang X. Predicting the Elastic Modulus of Recycled Concrete Considering Material Nonuniformity: Mesoscale Numerical Method. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:379. [PMID: 38255547 PMCID: PMC10817317 DOI: 10.3390/ma17020379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The evaluation of the elastic modulus of recycled concrete is one of the focuses of civil engineering and structural engineering, which is not only related to the stability of building structures but also related to the resource utilization of concrete. Therefore, based on the IRSM method in mesoscale, a novel model for predicting the elastic modulus of recycled concrete is proposed which has the advantages of being low-cost and high-precision, amongst others, compared to theoretical and experimental methods. Then, the influence of coarse aggregate, contact surface, gelling material, and air bubbles on the elastic modulus of recycled concrete is studied. The IRSM model includes four processes: Identification, Reconstruction, Simulation, and Monte Carlo, which can accurately reconstruct the geometric characteristics of coarse aggregate, efficiently reconstruct the coarse aggregate accumulation model, and quickly analyze the elastic modulus of concrete, as well as fully consider the nonuniform characteristics of coarse aggregate distribution and shape. Compared with the experimental results, the error is less than 5%, which verifies the rationality of the IRSM method. The results of the parametric analysis show that the influence of each factor on the elastic modulus of concrete in descending order is elastic modulus of cement, elastic modulus of coarse aggregate, content of coarse aggregate, content of air voids, elastic modulus of contacting surface, and thickness of contacting surface, and the corresponding Pearson's Coefficients are 0.688, 0.427, 0.412, -0.269, 0.188, and -0.061, respectively, in which the content of air voids and thickness of contact surface have a negative effect on the elastic modulus of concrete. These influences mainly affect the deformation resistance (elastic modulus) of concrete through "force chain" adjustment, including the force transfer effect, number of paths, and integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Architecture and Engineering, Yancheng Polytechnic College, Yancheng 224005, China
- School of Civil Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China;
| | - Xuejun Zhu
- School of Civil Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China;
| | - Mingyuan Zhou
- School of Civil Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China;
| | - Xianwen Huang
- School of Civil Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
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32
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Ma C, Feng H, Wang C, Zhang N, Liu Y, Li J, Liu X, Li S, Jiang H, Li Y. A Numerical Simulation of Moisture Reduction in Fine Soil Subgrade with Wicking Geotextiles. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:390. [PMID: 38255558 PMCID: PMC10817547 DOI: 10.3390/ma17020390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
A new wicking geotextile is proposed to control the water content of fine-grained soil subgrade. By comparing the spatial distribution of volumetric water content and matric suction before and after the installation of the wicking geotextile, the effectiveness of the geotextile in controlling the subgrade humidity is evaluated. Firstly, the hydraulic parameters of the wicking geotextile are obtained through laboratory tests using a pressure plate apparatus. Then, a numerical model for water flow in the subgrade is established using COMSOL to obtain the spatial distribution characteristics of humidity in the subgrade under different groundwater levels (2~8 m). The results show the wicking geotextile exhibits strong hydrophilicity, low water retention, and high horizontal permeability. Compared to the subgrade without geotextile, the water content of the soil above the geotextile decreases significantly by 7.6~9.6% at groundwater levels of 4~8m, while the saturation decreases by 18.3~23.0%, and the matric suction increases by 2~2.3 times. The wicking fabric functions as an effective drainage material to serve as a capillary barrier in the cross-plane direction and an effective drainage tunnel to transport water in the in-plane direction. The dynamic resilient modulus of the subgrade increases by 23.2~43.6%. The wicking geotextile effectively absorbs and drains weakly bound water in unsaturated soil due to the matric suction difference and its horizontal drainage capacity to improve the bearing capacity of the subgrade. It suggests that using wicking geotextile for drainage and reinforcement in fine-grained soil subgrades with groundwater levels ranging from 4 to 8 m is beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanyi Ma
- Shandong Hi-Speed Group Co., Ltd., Jinan 250014, China; (C.M.); (C.W.); (N.Z.)
| | - Haojie Feng
- School of Qilu Transportation, Shandong University, Jinan 250002, China; (H.F.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Chuan Wang
- Shandong Hi-Speed Group Co., Ltd., Jinan 250014, China; (C.M.); (C.W.); (N.Z.)
| | - Ning Zhang
- Shandong Hi-Speed Group Co., Ltd., Jinan 250014, China; (C.M.); (C.W.); (N.Z.)
| | - Yiyi Liu
- School of Qilu Transportation, Shandong University, Jinan 250002, China; (H.F.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Jinglei Li
- School of Qilu Transportation, Shandong University, Jinan 250002, China; (H.F.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Xia Liu
- Jining Hongxiang Highway Survey and Design Research Institute Co., Ltd., Jining 272000, China;
| | - Shasha Li
- School of Qilu Transportation, Shandong University, Jinan 250002, China; (H.F.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Hongguang Jiang
- School of Qilu Transportation, Shandong University, Jinan 250002, China; (H.F.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Yixin Li
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK;
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33
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Choi J, Andrian YO, Lee H, Lee H, Kim N. Fatigue Life Prediction for Injection-Molded Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polyamide-6 Considering Anisotropy and Temperature Effects. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:315. [PMID: 38255484 PMCID: PMC10817244 DOI: 10.3390/ma17020315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The effects of anisotropy and temperature of short carbon fiber-reinforced polyamide-6 (CF-PA6) by the injection molding process were investigated to obtain the static and fatigue characteristics. Static and fatigue tests were conducted with uniaxial tensile and three-point bending specimens with various fiber orientations at temperatures of 40, 60, and 100 °C. The anisotropy caused by the fiber orientations along a polymer flow was calculated using three software connecting analysis sequences. The characteristics of tensile strength and fatigue life can be changed by temperature and anisotropy variations. A semi-empirical strain-stress fatigue life prediction model was proposed, considering cyclic and thermodynamic properties based on the Arrhenius equation. The developed model had a good agreement with an R2 = 0.9457 correlation coefficient. The present fatigue life prediction of CF-PA6 can be adopted when designers make suitable decisions considering the effects of temperature and anisotropy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joeun Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Yohanes Oscar Andrian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungtak Lee
- Polymer R&D Team, GS Caltex R&D Center, Daejeon 34122, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungyil Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Naksoo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
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34
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Zhang H, Zhao Z, Li J, Ye L, Liu Y. Review on Abrasive Machining Technology of SiC Ceramic Composites. Micromachines (Basel) 2024; 15:106. [PMID: 38258225 PMCID: PMC10820520 DOI: 10.3390/mi15010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Ceramic matrix composites have the advantages of low density, high specific strength, high specific die, high-temperature resistance, wear resistance, chemical corrosion resistance, etc., which are widely used in aerospace, energy, transportation, and other fields. CMCs have become an important choice for engine components and other high-temperature component manufacturing. However, ceramic matrix composite is a kind of multi-phase structure, anisotropy, high hardness material, due to the brittleness of the ceramic matrix, the weak bonding force between fiber and matrix, and the anisotropy of composite material. Burr, delamination, tearing, chips, and other surface damage tend to generate in the machining, resulting in surface quality and strength decline. This paper reviewed the latest abrasive machining technology for SiC ceramic composites. The characteristics and research directions of the main abrasive machining technology, including grinding, laser-assisted grinding, ultrasonic-assisted grinding, and abrasive waterjet machining, are introduced first. Then, the commonly used numerical simulation research for modeling and simulating the machining of ceramic matrix composites is briefly summarized. Finally, the processing difficulties and research hotspots of ceramic matrix composites are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yao Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (H.Z.); (Z.Z.); (J.L.); (L.Y.)
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Fang Y, Sheng D, Lin Z, Fei P. Study of Low-Velocity Impact Behavior of Hybrid Fiber-Reinforced Metal Laminates. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:173. [PMID: 38256972 PMCID: PMC10819878 DOI: 10.3390/polym16020173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In this paper, the low-velocity impact behavior and damage modes of carbon/glass-hybrid fiber-reinforced magnesium alloy laminates (FMLs-H) and pure carbon-fiber-reinforced magnesium alloy laminates (FMLs-C) are investigated using experimental, theoretical modeling, and numerical simulation methods. Low-velocity impact tests were conducted at incident energies of 20 J, 40 J, and 60 J using a drop-weight impact tester, and the load-displacement curves and energy-time curves of the FMLs were recorded and plotted. The results showed that compared with FMLs-C, the stiffness of FMLs-H was slightly reduced, but the peak load and energy absorption were both greatly improved. Finally, a finite element model based on the Abaqus-VUMAT subroutine was developed to simulate the experimental results, and the damage modes of the metal layer, fiber layer, and interlayer were observed and analyzed. The experimental results are in good agreement with the finite element analysis results. The damage mechanisms of two kinds of FMLs under low-velocity impacts are discussed, providing a reference for the design and application of laminates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Fang
- School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (Y.F.); (Z.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Dongfa Sheng
- School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (Y.F.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhongzhao Lin
- School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (Y.F.); (Z.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Peng Fei
- School of Resources, Environment and Safety Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China;
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Liu Q, Huang J, Zhang Z, Liu G, Jiang Q, Liu L, Khan I. Effect of Freeze-Thaw Cycles on the Shear Strength of Root-Soil Composite. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:285. [PMID: 38255453 PMCID: PMC10821020 DOI: 10.3390/ma17020285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
A large alpine meadow in a seasonal permafrost zone exists in the west of Sichuan, which belongs to a part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. Due to the extreme climates and repeated freeze-thaw cycling, resulting in a diminishment in soil shear strength, disasters occur frequently. Plant roots increase the complexity of the soil freeze-thaw strength problem. This study applied the freeze-thaw cycle and direct shear tests to investigate the change in the shear strength of root-soil composite under freeze-thaw cycles. This study examined how freeze-thaw cycles and initial moisture content affect the shear strength of two sorts of soil: uncovered soil and root-soil composite. By analyzing the test information, the analysts created numerical conditions to foresee the shear quality of both sorts of soil under shifting freeze-thaw times and starting moisture levels. The results showed that: (1) Compared to the bare soil, the root-soil composite was less affected by freeze-thaw cycles in the early stage, and the shear strength of both sorts of soil was stabilized after 3-5 freeze-thaw cycles. (2) The cohesion of bare soil decreased more than that of root-soil composite with increasing moisture content. However, freeze-thaw cycles primarily influence soil cohesion more than the internal friction angle. The cohesion modification leads to changes in shear quality for both uncovered soil and root-soil composite. (3) The fitting equations obtained via experiments were used to simulate direct shear tests. The numerical results are compared with the experimental data. The difference in the soil cohesion and root-soil composite cohesion between the experiment data and the simulated result is 8.2% and 17.2%, respectively, which indicates the feasibility of the fitting equations applied to the numerical simulation of the soil and root-soil composite under the freeze-thaw process. The findings give potential applications on engineering and disaster prevention in alpine regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Q.L.)
- Three-Gorges Reservoir Area (Chongqing) Forest Ecosystem Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jiankun Huang
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Q.L.)
- Three-Gorges Reservoir Area (Chongqing) Forest Ecosystem Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Q.L.)
- Three-Gorges Reservoir Area (Chongqing) Forest Ecosystem Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Gongming Liu
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Q.L.)
- Three-Gorges Reservoir Area (Chongqing) Forest Ecosystem Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qunou Jiang
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Q.L.)
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lanhua Liu
- Energy Saving & Environmental Protection & Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, China Academy of Railway Science Co., Ltd., Beijing 100081, China
| | - Inam Khan
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;
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Wang H, Wang J, Lyu L, Wei S, Zhang C. Numerical simulation on mass transfer in the bone lacunar-canalicular system under different gravity fields. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2024; 27:478-488. [PMID: 36912751 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2023.2187738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
The bone lacunar-canalicular system (LCS) is a unique complex 3D microscopic tubular network structure within the osteon that contains interstitial fluid flow to ensure the efficient transport of signaling molecules, nutrients, and wastes to guarantee the normal physiological activities of bone tissue. The mass transfer laws in the LCS under microgravity and hypergravity are still unclear. In this paper, a multi-scale 3D osteon model was established to mimic the cortical osteon, and a finite element method was used to numerically analyze the mass transfer in the LCS under hypergravity, normal gravity and microgravity and combined with high-intensity exercise conditions. It was shown that hypergravity promoted mass transfer in the LCS to the deep lacunae, and the number of particles in lacunae increased more significantly from normal gravity to hypergravity the further away from the Haversian canal. The microgravity environment inhibited particles transport in the LCS to deep lacunae. Under normal gravity and microgravity, the number of particles in lacunae increased greatly when doing high-intensity exercise compared to stationary standing. This paper presents the first simulation of mass transfer within the LCS with different gravity fields combined with high-intensity exercise using the finite element method. The research suggested that hypergravity can greatly promote mass transfer in the LCS to deep lacunae, and microgravity strongly inhibited this mass transfer; high-intensity exercise increased the mass transfer rate in the LCS. This study provided a new strategy to combat and treat microgravity-induced osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Advanced Mechatronic System Design and Intelligent Control, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Jiaming Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Advanced Mechatronic System Design and Intelligent Control, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Linwei Lyu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Advanced Mechatronic System Design and Intelligent Control, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Shuping Wei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Advanced Mechatronic System Design and Intelligent Control, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Chunqiu Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Advanced Mechatronic System Design and Intelligent Control, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
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Wei NK, Shi J, Yang RD, Xi JT, Luo XM, Yin XY, Zhang RX. Numerical Simulation and Experimental Analysis on Seam Feature Size and Deformation for T-Joint Laser-GMAW Hybrid Welding. Materials (Basel) 2023; 17:228. [PMID: 38204082 PMCID: PMC10779782 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
As an innovative technique, laser-GMAW hybrid welding manifests significant superiority in enhancing welding productivity and quality, albeit the optimization of process parameters poses a challenge for practical application. The present manuscript elucidates the influence of process parameters on the dimensional characteristics of the welding seam and the distortion of 8 mm T-joints in the context of laser-GMAW hybrid welding, and channels both simulation and experimentation. The outcomes denote that the dual conical model serves as an efficacious aid for the numerical simulation of T-joint laser-GMAW hybrid welding. Furthermore, the repercussions of process parameters on welding seam dimensional characteristics remain consistently similar in both the simulation and experimental results. From the simulation outcomes, it becomes apparent that the distortion of the base material can be efficiently managed by implementing anti-distortion measures. This inquiry offers both a theoretical and experimental foundation for optimizing process parameters of T-joint laser-GMAW hybrid welding, presenting certain engineering applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Kun Wei
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Shipbuilding Technology Research Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Ship Intelligent Manufacturing, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jin Shi
- Shanghai Shipbuilding Technology Research Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Ship Intelligent Manufacturing, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Run-Dang Yang
- Shanghai Shipbuilding Technology Research Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Ship Intelligent Manufacturing, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun-Tong Xi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiao-Meng Luo
- Shanghai Shipbuilding Technology Research Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Ship Intelligent Manufacturing, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xu-Yue Yin
- Shanghai Shipbuilding Technology Research Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Ship Intelligent Manufacturing, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Rui-Xue Zhang
- Shanghai Shipbuilding Technology Research Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Ship Intelligent Manufacturing, Shanghai 200032, China
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Feng C, Liu S, Jia H, Fu M, He D. Strengthening Device for Improving Shear Performance of Anchor Cable in Rock Support. Materials (Basel) 2023; 17:197. [PMID: 38204050 PMCID: PMC10779624 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Many designs of anchor cables are currently in use for rock support in civil and mining operations. Because of the exposed surface and weak shear performance of the cable bolt's free section (CBFS) in end-anchored structures, breaking failure frequently occurs. Numerical simulations and laboratory experiments were performed in this study to develop measures to improve CBFS resistance to shear failure. Analysis of shear characteristics of the CBFS showed that higher axial tension weakens the cable bolt's shear resistance, and that shear damage on the cable surface and uneven distribution of shear stress aggravate CBFS tensile-shear failure. A high-strength steel pipe is proposed to protect the shear cable bolt, and the preliminary design of a CBFS-strengthening device (CFSD) is presented. Numerical simulation revealed that the CFSD effectively improved CBFS shear resistance and provided protection from harmful shear damage. The optimal performance of a Q-type (slotted steel pipe) CFSD was confirmed. The mechanism of improvement of the cable's shear resistance to surrounding rock by employing the CFSD was analyzed. Double-shear tests were carried out on a bare cable bolt and a cable bolt with a Q-CFSD. The results revealed that the CFSD increased the peak shear force on the joint plane, cable peak axial force, and ultimate shear displacement by 31%, 18%, and 11%, respectively. The proposed device is effective in improving the shear performance of end-anchored cable bolts and enhancing surrounding rock stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Feng
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China; (C.F.); (H.J.); (M.F.); (D.H.)
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Shaowei Liu
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China; (C.F.); (H.J.); (M.F.); (D.H.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Coal Work Safety and Clean-Efficiency Utilization, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Housheng Jia
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China; (C.F.); (H.J.); (M.F.); (D.H.)
| | - Mengxiong Fu
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China; (C.F.); (H.J.); (M.F.); (D.H.)
| | - Deyin He
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China; (C.F.); (H.J.); (M.F.); (D.H.)
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Yang Y, Wang X, Li X, Zhou R, He Z, Jiang Y. Numerical Simulation on Solidification during Vertical Centrifugal Casting Process for TC4 Alloy Wheel Hub with Enhanced Mechanical Properties. Materials (Basel) 2023; 17:184. [PMID: 38204037 PMCID: PMC10780204 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The Ti-6Al-4V (TC4) alloy wheel hub has exhibited some defects that affect the properties during the vertical centrifugal casting process. Therefore, the analysis of the solidification process would contribute to solving the above-mentioned problems. In this study, an orthogonal experimental design was employed to optimize the process parameters (rotational speed, mold preheating temperature, and pouring temperature) of the vertical centrifugal casting method. The effects of process parameters on the velocity field, temperature field, and total shrinkage porosity during the solidification process were explored, and the microstructure and mechanical properties of the wheel hub prepared by the vertical centrifugal casting method were also investigated. The results showed that the rotational speed mainly induced the change of the velocity field. The pouring temperature and mold preheating temperature affected the temperature field and solidification time. Based on the analysis of the orthogonal experiment, the optimal parameters were confirmed as a rotational speed of 225 rpm, mold preheating temperature of 400 °C, and pouring temperature of 1750 °C, respectively. The simulation results of total shrinkage porosity were in agreement with the experiment results. The wheel hub was composed of nonuniform α and β phases. The lath α phase precipitated from larger β grains with different orientations. Compared with the other samples at different locations, the α phase in the PM sample (middle of the TC4 wheel hub) displayed high peak intensity and uniformly distributed β phase along the radial direction of the wheel hub. Moreover, the PM sample revealed a higher tensile strength of 820 MPa and similar Vickers hardness of 318 HV compared with the other samples at different locations, which were higher than those of rolling and extrusion molding. This experiment design would provide a good reference for the vertical centrifugal casting of the TC4 alloy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China; (Y.Y.); (X.W.); (X.L.); (R.Z.); (Y.J.)
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Technology of Advanced Metallic Solidification Forming and Equipment, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Xiangyi Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China; (Y.Y.); (X.W.); (X.L.); (R.Z.); (Y.J.)
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Technology of Advanced Metallic Solidification Forming and Equipment, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Xiangming Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China; (Y.Y.); (X.W.); (X.L.); (R.Z.); (Y.J.)
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Technology of Advanced Metallic Solidification Forming and Equipment, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Rongfeng Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China; (Y.Y.); (X.W.); (X.L.); (R.Z.); (Y.J.)
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Technology of Advanced Metallic Solidification Forming and Equipment, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Zhengyuan He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China; (Y.Y.); (X.W.); (X.L.); (R.Z.); (Y.J.)
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Technology of Advanced Metallic Solidification Forming and Equipment, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Yehua Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China; (Y.Y.); (X.W.); (X.L.); (R.Z.); (Y.J.)
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Technology of Advanced Metallic Solidification Forming and Equipment, Kunming 650093, China
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Dash A, Guchait S, Scheunemann D, Vijayakumar V, Leclerc N, Brinkmann M, Kemerink M. Spontaneous Modulation Doping in Semi-Crystalline Conjugated Polymers Leads to High Conductivity at Low Doping Concentration. Adv Mater 2023:e2311303. [PMID: 38118058 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
The possibility to control the charge carrier density through doping is one of the defining properties of semiconductors. For organic semiconductors, the doping process is known to come with several problems associated with the dopant compromising the charge carrier mobility by deteriorating the host morphology and/or introducing Coulomb traps. While for inorganic semiconductors these factors can be mitigated through (top-down) modulation doping, this concept has not been employed in organics. Here, this work shows that properly chosen host/dopant combinations can give rise to spontaneous, bottom-up modulation doping, in which the dopants preferentially sit in an amorphous phase, while the actual charge transport occurs predominantly in a crystalline phase with an unaltered microstructure, spatially separating dopants and mobile charges. Combining experiments and numerical simulations, this work shows that this leads to exceptionally high conductivities at relatively low dopant concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Dash
- Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering and Advanced Materials, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shubhradip Guchait
- Institute Charles Sadron, UPR022, CNRS - Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, 67034, France
| | - Dorothea Scheunemann
- Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering and Advanced Materials, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vishnu Vijayakumar
- Institute Charles Sadron, UPR022, CNRS - Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, 67034, France
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström, Physical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75120, Sweden
| | - Nicolas Leclerc
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ICPEES UMR 7515, Strasbourg, F-67087, France
| | - Martin Brinkmann
- Institute Charles Sadron, UPR022, CNRS - Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, 67034, France
| | - Martijn Kemerink
- Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering and Advanced Materials, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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Li J, Meng Z, Yan W, Wang W, Wei L, Wang S. Computational study of the balloon dilation steps on transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1333138. [PMID: 38179134 PMCID: PMC10765527 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1333138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Balloon dilation is a commonly used assistant method in transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and plays an important role during valve implantation procedure. The balloon dilation steps need to be fully considered in TAVR numerical simulations. This study aims to establish a TAVR simulation procedure with two different balloon dilation steps to analyze the impact of balloon dilation on the results of TAVR implantation. Two cases of aortic stenosis were constructed based on medical images. An implantation simulation procedure with self-expandable valve was established, and multiple models including different simulation steps such as balloon pre-dilation and balloon post-dilation were constructed to compare the different effects on vascular stress, stent morphology and paravalvular leakage. Results show that balloon pre-dilation of TAVR makes less impact on post-operative outcomes, while post-dilation can effectively improve the implantation morphology of the stent, which is beneficial to the function and durability of the valve. It can effectively improve the adhesion of the stent and reduce the paravalvular leakage volume more than 30% after implantation. However, balloon post-dilation may also lead to about 20% or more increased stress on the aorta and increase the risk of damage. The balloon dilation makes an important impact on the TAVR outcomes. Balloon dilation needs to be fully considered during pre-operative analysis to obtain a better clinical result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Li
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Institute of Biomechanics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuangyuan Meng
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Institute of Biomechanics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wentao Yan
- Shanghai Inspection and Research Institute for Medical Devices, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenshuo Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lai Wei
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengzhang Wang
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Institute of Biomechanics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Academy for Engineering and Technology, Institute of Biomedical Engineering Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Zhuhai Fudan Innovation Institute, Zhuhai, China
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Bian X, Yang L, Wang T, Huang G. Numerical Investigation on Anti-Explosion Performance of Non-Metallic Annular Protective Structures. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:7549. [PMID: 38138693 PMCID: PMC10744966 DOI: 10.3390/ma16247549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Explosive shock wave protection is an important issue that urgently needs to be solved in the current military and public security safety fields. Non-metallic protective structures have the characteristics of being lightweight and having low secondary damage, making them an important research object in the field of equivalent protection. In this paper, the numerical simulation was performed to investigate the dynamic mechanical response of non-metallic annular protective structures under the internal blast, which were made by the continuous winding of PE fibers. The impact of various charges, the number of fiber layers, and polyurethane foam on the damage to protective structures was analyzed. The numerical results showed that 120 PE fiber layers could protect 50 g TNT equivalent explosives. However, solely increasing the thickness of fiber layers cannot effectively enhance the protection efficiency. By adding polyurethane foam in the inner layer, the stress acting on the fiber could be effectively reduced. A 30 mm thick polyurethane layer can reduce the equivalent stress of the fiber layer by 41.6%. This paper can provide some reference for the numerical simulations of non-metallic explosion protection structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (X.B.); (L.Y.); (T.W.)
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (X.B.); (L.Y.); (T.W.)
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (X.B.); (L.Y.); (T.W.)
| | - Guangyan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (X.B.); (L.Y.); (T.W.)
- Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Centre, Chongqing 401120, China
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Spišák E, Nováková-Marcinčínová E, Majerníková J, Mulidrán P, Nováková-Marcinčínová Ľ. Experimental and Numerical Study of Printing Strategy Impact on the Mechanical Properties of Sustainable PLA Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4639. [PMID: 38139891 PMCID: PMC10748292 DOI: 10.3390/polym15244639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This article is focused on a mechanical properties investigation of three types of sustainable poly lactic acid materials manufactured using the fused filament fabrication process. The purpose of this work was to study the impact of printing strategies on the mechanical properties and predict mechanical behavior under tensile loading using finite element analysis. The testing of mechanical properties was conducted according to the ISO 527 standard. The numerical simulations were conducted in Simufact Forming 2022 software. Analysis of the experimental data showed a dependance of mechanical properties on the used printing strategy. The Clear PLA samples printed in the XY plane exhibited a 43% reduction in tensile strength and a 49% reduction in elongation compared to samples printed from the same material in YZ plane. The experimental results show the influence of the printing orientation on the mechanical properties of 3D-printed samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Spišák
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Košice, Letná 9, 042 00 Košice, Slovakia; (E.N.-M.); (J.M.); (P.M.)
| | - Ema Nováková-Marcinčínová
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Košice, Letná 9, 042 00 Košice, Slovakia; (E.N.-M.); (J.M.); (P.M.)
| | - Janka Majerníková
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Košice, Letná 9, 042 00 Košice, Slovakia; (E.N.-M.); (J.M.); (P.M.)
| | - Peter Mulidrán
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Košice, Letná 9, 042 00 Košice, Slovakia; (E.N.-M.); (J.M.); (P.M.)
| | - Ľudmila Nováková-Marcinčínová
- Faculty of Manufacturing Technologies with a Seat in Prešov, Technical University of Kosice, Bayerova 1, 080 01 Prešov, Slovakia;
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Liu B, Lai J, Liu H, Huang Z, Liu T, Xia Y, Zhang W. Finite Element Analysis of the Effect for Different Thicknesses and Stitching Densities under the Low-Velocity Impact of Stitched Composite Laminates. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4628. [PMID: 38139879 PMCID: PMC10747043 DOI: 10.3390/polym15244628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a progressive damage model was developed for the mechanical response and damage evolution of carbon fiber stitched composite laminates under low-velocity impact (LVI). The three-dimensional Hashin and Hou failure criteria were used to identify fiber and matrix damage. The cohesive zone model was adopted to simulate the delamination damage, combined with the linear degradation discounting of the equivalent displacement method to characterize the stiffness degradation of the material, and the corresponding user material subroutine VUMAT was coded. The finite element analysis of the LVI of stitched composite laminates under different energies was finished in Abaqus/Explicit. Furthermore, the simulation predictions matched well with the results of the experimental tests. Based on this, composite laminates' mechanical response and damage forms with different thicknesses and stitch densities were analyzed. The findings show that the main damages of composite laminates were matrix tensile damage and delamination. The stitching process could improve the impact tolerance of composite laminates, inhibiting delamination and reducing the area of the delamination damage. The higher the density of the stitching, the more noticeable its inhibition would be. The thickness of the laminate also had a more significant effect on the damage to the laminate. Thin plates were more prone to matrix tensile damage due to their lower flexural rigidity, whereas thick plates were more susceptible to delamination because of their higher flexural rigidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangxiong Liu
- Polymer Processing Research Laboratory, School of Advanced Manufacturing, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (B.L.); (T.L.); (Y.X.)
- School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Jingdezhen University, Jingdezhen 333000, China
| | - Jiamei Lai
- Polymer Processing Research Laboratory, School of Advanced Manufacturing, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (B.L.); (T.L.); (Y.X.)
| | - Hesheng Liu
- Polymer Processing Research Laboratory, School of Advanced Manufacturing, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (B.L.); (T.L.); (Y.X.)
- School of Mechatronics and Vehicle Engineering, East China Jiao Tong University, Nanchang 330013, China; (Z.H.); (W.Z.)
| | - Zhichao Huang
- School of Mechatronics and Vehicle Engineering, East China Jiao Tong University, Nanchang 330013, China; (Z.H.); (W.Z.)
| | - Tianlei Liu
- Polymer Processing Research Laboratory, School of Advanced Manufacturing, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (B.L.); (T.L.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yousheng Xia
- Polymer Processing Research Laboratory, School of Advanced Manufacturing, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (B.L.); (T.L.); (Y.X.)
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Mechatronics and Vehicle Engineering, East China Jiao Tong University, Nanchang 330013, China; (Z.H.); (W.Z.)
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Ke CY, Sun R, Wei MX, Yuan XN, Sun WJ, Wang SC, Zhang QZ, Zhang XL. Microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR): recent development and future perspectives. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2023:1-20. [PMID: 38057128 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2023.2270578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
After conventional oil recovery operations, more than half of the crude oil still remains in a form, which is difficult to extract. Therefore, exploring and developing new enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technologies have always been priority research in oilfield development. Microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) is a promising tertiary oil recovery technology that has received widespread attention from the global oil industry in recent years due to its environmental friendliness, simplicity of operation, and cost-effectiveness. This review presents the: principle, characteristics, classification, recent development, and applications of MEOR technology. Based on hundreds of field trials conducted worldwide, the microbial strains, nutrient systems, and actual effects used in these technologies are summarized, with an emphasis on the achievements made in the development and application of MEOR in China in recent years. These technical classifications involve: microbial huff and puff recovery (MHPR), microbial flooding recovery (MFR), microbial selective plugging recovery (MSPR), and microbial wax removal and control (MWRC). Most of them have achieved good results, with a success rate of approximately 80%. These successful cases have accumulated into rich experiential indications for the popularization and application of MEOR technology, but there are still important yet uncertain factors that hinder the industrialization of this technology. Finally, based on the extensive research and development of MEOR by the authors, especially in both laboratory and industrial large scales, the main challenges and future perspectives of the industrial application for MEOR are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Yu Ke
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ming-Xia Wei
- Research Institute of Oil and Gas Technology of PetroChina, Changqing Oilfield Company, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiu-Ni Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wu-Juan Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, China
| | - Si-Chang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qun-Zheng Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xun-Li Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, China
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Wang T, Liu Z, Liu L, Feng X. Numerical Study on the Impact of Locked-In Stress on Rock Failure Processes and Energy Evolutions. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:7519. [PMID: 38138662 PMCID: PMC10744889 DOI: 10.3390/ma16247519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Locked-in stress refers to internal stress present within rock formations that can influence the failure process of rocks under specific conditions. A simplified mechanical model is applied, drawing on elasticity and the hypothesis of locked-in stress, to explore the influence of locked-in stress on the mechanical properties of loaded rocks. An analytical solution is obtained for the stress distribution in a failure model of rocks that include locked-in stress. The findings demonstrate that the geometry and orientation of stress inclusions within the rock influence the initiation and propagation of cracks under the combined influence of locked-in stress and high-stress conditions. Moreover, the presence of locked-in stress substantially reduces the rock's capacity to withstand maximum stress, thereby increasing its susceptibility to reaching a state of failure. The increase in closure stress leads to a significant increase in the magnitude of the maximum stress drop and radial strain variation within the rock, resulting in reduced strength and a shortened life of the ageing failure of the rock. In addition, the influence of stress inclusions on energy dissipation is investigated, and a novel relationship is established between the roughness coefficient of the rock structure surface and the angle of the rock failure surface. This relationship serves to characterize the linear dynamic strength properties of rock materials containing locked-in stress. This investigation not only advances the comprehension of stress distribution patterns and the effects of locked-in stress on rock failure patterns but also facilitates a more precise portrayal of the nonlinear features of alterations in the rock stress-strain curve under the influence of confined stress. These findings provide a solid theoretical foundation for ensuring the safety of excavations in various deep engineering projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- School of Civil and Resources Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (T.W.); (Z.L.); (X.F.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Underground Space Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zishuo Liu
- School of Civil and Resources Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (T.W.); (Z.L.); (X.F.)
| | - Liyuan Liu
- School of Civil and Resources Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (T.W.); (Z.L.); (X.F.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Underground Space Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xianhui Feng
- School of Civil and Resources Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (T.W.); (Z.L.); (X.F.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Underground Space Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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Lordly K, Kober L, Jadidi M, Antoun S, Dworkin SB, Karataş AE. Understanding lifetime and dispersion of cough-emitted droplets in air. Indoor Built Environ 2023; 32:1929-1948. [PMID: 38023440 PMCID: PMC10657780 DOI: 10.1177/1420326x221098753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
To understand the exact transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2 and to explore effects of time, space and indoor environment on the dynamics of droplets and aerosols, rigorous testing and observation must be conducted. In the current work, the spatial and temporal dispersions of aerosol droplets from a simulated cough were comprehensively examined over a long duration (70 min). An artificial cough generator was constructed to generate reliably repeatable respiratory ejecta. The measurements were performed at different locations in front (along the axial direction and off-axis) and behind the source in a sealed experimental enclosure. Aerosols of 0.3-10 µm (around 20% of the maximum nuclei count) were shown to persist for a very long time in a still environment, and this has a substantial implication for airborne disease transmission. The experiments demonstrated that a ventilation system could reduce the total aerosol volume and the droplet lifetime significantly. To explain the experimental observations in more detail and to understand the droplet in-air behaviour at various ambient temperatures and relative humidity, numerical simulations were performed using the Eulerian-Lagrangian approach. The simulations show that many of the small droplets remain suspended in the air over time instead of falling to the ground.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Lordly
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Leya Kober
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mehdi Jadidi
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sylvie Antoun
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Seth B Dworkin
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ahmet E Karataş
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Engida HA, Theuri DM, Gathungu DK, Gachohi J. Optimal control and cost-effectiveness analysis for leptospirosis epidemic. J Biol Dyn 2023; 17:2248178. [PMID: 37695860 DOI: 10.1080/17513758.2023.2248178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
This paper aims to apply an optimal control theory for the autonomous model of the leptospirosis epidemic to examine the effect of four time-dependent control measures on the model dynamics with cost-effectiveness. Pontryagin's Maximum Principle was used to derive the optimality system associated with the optimal control problem. Numerical simulations of the optimality system were performed for different control strategies and the results were presented graphically with and without controls. The optimality system was simulated using the Forward-Backward Sweep method in the Matlab programme. The numerical results revealed that the combination of all optimal control measures is the most effective strategy for minimizing the spread and impact of disease in the community. Furthermore, a cost-effectiveness analysis was performed to determine the most cost-effective strategy using the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio approach and we observed that the rodenticide control-only strategy is most effective to combat the spread of disease when available resources are limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habtamu Ayalew Engida
- Department of Mathematics, Pan African university for Basic Science, Technology and Invocation (PAUSTI) /JKUAT, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - David Mwangi Theuri
- Department of Pure and Applied Mathematics, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Duncan Kioi Gathungu
- Department of Pure and Applied Mathematics, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - John Gachohi
- School of Public Health, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
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MacLean LJ, Street J, Hodgson AJ. Design of an ultrasound-emitting drill guide for freehand pedicle screw navigation. Int J Med Robot 2023; 19:e2555. [PMID: 37571994 DOI: 10.1002/rcs.2555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate pedicle screw placement in spinal surgery is critical as inaccuracies can lead to morbidity and suboptimal outcomes. Navigation and robotics have reduced malplacement rates, but their adoption is limited by high costs, learning curves, surgical time, and radiation. The authors propose an ultrasound-emitting and self-localising drill guide for precise screw placement that overcomes the limitations of current techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS The preliminary configuration analysis involves systematically varying design parameters and assessing localization performance using lumbar spine MRI based simulations. The authors evaluate localization techniques based on accuracy and optimization capture range. RESULTS Results suggest that feasible designs can accurately estimate position. A promising design features a 5 mm radius cannula with ten 35mm-long ultrasound strips, 32 elements per strip, and a fanned-out emission profile. A multi-start active-set optimization algorithm with six initial estimates ensures reliable and efficient localization. CONCLUSIONS The simulation suggests that the proposed design can achieve sufficient localization accuracy for pedicle screw navigation. These findings will guide the fabrication of a novel ultrasound-emitting drill guide for further evaluation and physical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke J MacLean
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - John Street
- Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopedic Spine Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Antony J Hodgson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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