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Yan R, Ding J, Yang Q, Zhang X, Han J, Jin T, Shi S, Wang X, Zheng Y, Li H, Zhang H, An Y. Lead acetate induces cartilage defects and bone loss in zebrafish embryos by disrupting the GH/IGF-1 axis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 253:114666. [PMID: 36812871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal system toxicity due to lead exposure has attracted extensive attention in recent years, but few studies focus on the skeletal toxicity of lead in the early life stages of zebrafish. The endocrine system, especially the GH/IGF-1 axis, plays an important role in bone development and bone health of zebrafish in the early life. In the present study, we investigated whether lead acetate (PbAc) affected the GH/IGF-1 axis, thereby causing skeletal toxicity in zebrafish embryos. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to lead PbAc between 2 and 120 h post fertilization (hpf). At 120 hpf, we measured developmental indices, such as survival, deformity, heart rate, and body length, and assessed skeletal development by Alcian Blue and Alizarin Red staining and the expression levels of bone-related genes. The levels of GH and IGF-1 and the expression levels of GH/IGF-1 axis-related genes were also detected. Our data showed that the LC50 of PbAc for 120 h was 41 mg/L. Compared with the control group (0 mg/L PbAc), after PbAc exposure, the deformity rate increased, the heart rate decreased, and the body length was shortened at various time periods, in the 20-mg/L group at 120 hpf, the deformity rate increased by 50 fold, the heart rate decreased by 34%, and the body length shortened by 17%. PbAc altered cartilage structures and exacerbated bone loss in zebrafish embryos; in addition, PbAc exposure down-regulated the expression of chondrocyte (sox9a, sox9b), osteoblast (bmp2, runx2) and bone mineralization-related genes (sparc, bglap), and up-regulated the expression of osteoclast marker genes (rankl, mcsf). The GH level increased and the IGF-1 level declined significantly. The GH/IGF-1 axis related genes (ghra, ghrb, igf1ra, igf1rb, igf2r, igfbp2a, igfbp3, igfbp5b) were all decreased. These results suggested that PbAc inhibited the differentiation and maturation of osteoblasts and cartilage matrix, promoted the formation of osteoclasts, and ultimately induced cartilage defects and bone loss by disrupting the GH/IGF-1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yan
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translation-al Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Jie Ding
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translation-al Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Qianlei Yang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translation-al Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translation-al Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Junyu Han
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translation-al Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Tingxu Jin
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translation-al Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Shudi Shi
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translation-al Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Xirui Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translation-al Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Yu Zheng
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translation-al Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Heran Li
- Microwants International LTD, 999077, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Hengdong Zhang
- Department of Occupational Disease Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Preventive Medicine Association, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Yan An
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translation-al Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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Guan T, Wu Z, Xu C, Su G. The association of trace elements with arthritis in US adults: NHANES 2013-2016. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 76:127122. [PMID: 36525916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.127122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arthritis is a common chronic disease, and is a major cause of disability and chronic pain in adults. Considering inflammatory responses is closely related with trace elements (TEs), the role of TEs in arthritis has attracted much attention. This study aimed to assess the association between TEs and arthritis. METHODS Concentrations of TEs in whole blood [cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), selenium (Se), and manganese (Mn)] and serum [copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn)] were measured in adults who participated in the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Logistic regression model and Bayesian kernel machine regression model were used to explore the association between TEs and arthritis. RESULTS The levels of five TEs (Pb, Hg, Cd, Se, and Cu) in the arthritis group changed significantly. Three TEs were found to be associated with an increased risk of arthritis: Pb [OR (95% CI): 2.96 (2.18, 4.03), p-value for trend (P-t) < 0.001], Cd [OR (95% CI): 2.28 (1.68, 3.11), P-t < 0.001], Cu [OR (95% CI): 2.05 (1.53, 2.76), P-t < 0.001]. The Relative Excess Risk of Interaction was 0.35 (95% CI: 0.06-0.65) and 0.38 (95% CI: 0.11-0.64), respectively, suggesting that Hg ions and Se ions have positive additional interactions with alcohol consumption, which reduced the risk of arthritis. Subgroup analysis showed that Pb ions and Cd ions were significantly correlated with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. CONCLUSION Elevated concentrations of Pb, Cd, and Cu were associated with increased risk of arthritis. Drinking with high levels of Hg or Se may be a protective factor for arthritis. Future studies are warranted to validate these findings in prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Guan
- Suqian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suqian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Suqian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suqian, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Changsha Xu
- Suqian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suqian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gang Su
- Suqian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suqian, Jiangsu, China
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3
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Muciño-Sandoval K, Ariza AC, Ortiz-Panozo E, Pizano-Zárate ML, Mercado-García A, Wright R, Maria Téllez-Rojo M, Sanders AP, Tamayo-Ortiz M. Prenatal and Early Childhood Exposure to Lead and Repeated Measures of Metabolic Syndrome Risk Indicators From Childhood to Preadolescence. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:750316. [PMID: 34778140 PMCID: PMC8586085 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.750316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Exposure to lead (Pb) during the early life stages has been associated with the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Longitudinal studies of Pb exposure in critical developmental windows in children are limited. Methods: Our study included 601 mother-child dyads from the PROGRESS (Programming Research in Obesity, Growth, Environment and Social Stressors) birth cohort. Blood lead levels (BLLs) were assessed during the second and third gestational trimesters, in cord blood at delivery, and at ages 1, 2, and 4 years. Bone lead levels in the patella and tibia were assessed at 1 month postpartum and evaluated in separate models. To account for cumulative exposure (prenatal, postnatal, and cumulative), we dichotomized the BLLs at each stage visit and determined the following: "higher" if a BLL was at least once above the median (HPb) and "lower" if all BLLs were below the median (LPb). We analyzed fasting glucose, HbA1c, triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (cHDL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (cLDL), body mass index, waist circumference (WC), body fat percentage, and systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at two study visits between 6 and 12 years of age and created cutoff points based on the clinical guidelines for each indicator. Mixed effects models were used to analyze each outcome longitudinally for each BLL score, adjusting for child's sex, size for gestational age, child's age, maternal parity, mother's age, and socioeconomic status. Results: We observed associations for HPb exposure and TC in all stages (OR = 0.53, 95%CI = 0.32-0.86) and postnatally (OR = 0.59, 95%CI = 0.36-0.94) and for prenatal HPb and TGs (OR = 0.65, 95%CI = 0.44-0.95). HPb at all stages was associated with WC (OR = 0.27, 95%CI = 0.08-0.86), BMI (OR = 0.33, 95%CI = 0.11-0.99), SBP (OR = 0.53, 95%CI = 0.32-0.85), and DBP (OR = 0.57, 95%CI = 0.34-0.95). Pb levels in the patella were associated with cHDL (OR = 1.03, 95%CI = 1.00-1.07) and those in the tibia with TGs (OR = 0.95, 95%CI = 0.91-0.99). Conclusion: Early life exposure to Pb may alter early indicators of MetS. A follow-up of these children will allow for more definition on the impact of longer-term exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Muciño-Sandoval
- Research Center for Health and Nutrition, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Ana Carolina Ariza
- Research Center for Health and Nutrition, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Ortiz-Panozo
- Research Center for Population Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - María Luisa Pizano-Zárate
- Division for Research and Community Interventions, National Institute of Perinatology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Adriana Mercado-García
- Research Center for Health and Nutrition, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Robert Wright
- Departments of Environmental Medicine and Public Health and Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Martha Maria Téllez-Rojo
- Research Center for Health and Nutrition, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Alison P Sanders
- Departments of Environmental Medicine and Public Health and Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Marcela Tamayo-Ortiz
- Occupational Health Research Unit, Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico
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Spieker J, Frieß JL, Sperling L, Thangaraj G, Vogel-Höpker A, Layer PG. Cholinergic control of bone development and beyond. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 83:106405. [PMID: 32208165 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There is ample evidence that cholinergic actions affect the health status of bones in vertebrates including man. Nicotine smoking, but also exposure to pesticides or medical drugs point to the significance of cholinergic effects on bone status, as reviewed here in Introduction. Then, we outline processes of endochondral ossification, and review respective cholinergic actions. In Results, we briefly summarize our in vivo and in vitro studies on bone development of chick and mouse [1,2], including (i) expressions of cholinergic components (AChE, BChE, ChAT) in chick embryo, (ii) characterisation of defects during skeletogenesis in prenatal ChE knockout mice, (iii) loss-of-function experiments with beads soaked in cholinergic components and implanted into chicken limb buds, and finally (iv) we use an in vitro mesenchymal 3D-micromass model that mimics cartilage and bone formation, which also had revealed complex crosstalks between cholinergic, radiation and inflammatory mechanisms [3]. In Discussion, we evaluate non-cholinergic actions of cholinesterases during bone formation by considering: (i) how cholinesterases could function in adhesive mechanisms; (ii) whether and how cholinesterases can form bone-regulatory complexes with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and/or ECM components, which could regulate cell division, migration and adhesion. We conclude that cholinergic actions in bone development are driven mainly by classic cholinergic, but non-neural cycles (e.g., by acetylcholine); in addition, both cholinesterases can exert distinct ACh-independent roles. Considering their tremendous medical impact, these results bring forward novel research directions that deserve to be pursued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Spieker
- Developmental Biology and Neurogenetics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 13, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Johannes L Frieß
- Developmental Biology and Neurogenetics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 13, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Laura Sperling
- Developmental Biology and Neurogenetics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 13, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Gopenath Thangaraj
- Developmental Biology and Neurogenetics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 13, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Astrid Vogel-Höpker
- Developmental Biology and Neurogenetics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 13, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Paul G Layer
- Developmental Biology and Neurogenetics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 13, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
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5
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Yamaguchi A, Uchida M, Ishibashi H, Hirano M, Ichikawa N, Arizono K, Koyama J, Tominaga N. Potential mechanisms underlying embryonic developmental toxicity caused by benzo[a]pyrene in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 242:125243. [PMID: 31704526 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), such as benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), are widely distributed in air, water, and sediments; however, limited data are available regarding their potential adverse effects on the early life stages of fish. In this study, we evaluated the embryonic teratogenicity and developmental toxicity of BaP in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) using a nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) technique and predicted their molecular mechanisms via transcriptome analysis. The gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analyses revealed that the BaP was efficiently incorporated into the embryos by nsPEF treatment. The embryos incorporating BaP presented typical teratogenic and developmental effects, such as cardiovascular abnormalities, developmental abnormalities, and curvature of backbone. DNA microarray analysis revealed several unique upregulated genes, such as those involved in cardiovascular diseases, various cellular processes, and neural development. Furthermore, the gene set enrichment and network analyses found several genes and hub proteins involved in the developmental effects of BaP on the embryos. These findings suggest a potential mechanism of teratogenicity and developmental toxicity caused by exposure to BaP. The nsPEF and transcriptome analyses in combination can be effective for evaluating the potential effects of chemical substances on medaka embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akemi Yamaguchi
- Department of Creative Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Ariake College, 150 Higashi-Hagio, Omuta, Fukuoka, 836-8585, Japan
| | - Masaya Uchida
- Department of Creative Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Ariake College, 150 Higashi-Hagio, Omuta, Fukuoka, 836-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishibashi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, 790-8566, Japan
| | - Masashi Hirano
- Department of Biological and Chemical Systems Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kumamoto College, 2627 Hirayama-shinmachi, Yatsushiro, Kumamoto, 866-8501, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Ichikawa
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Koji Arizono
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, 3-1-100 Higashi-ku, Tsukide, Kumamoto, 862-8502, Japan
| | - Jiro Koyama
- Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 4-50-20 Shimoarata, Kagoshima, 890-0056, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Tominaga
- Department of Creative Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Ariake College, 150 Higashi-Hagio, Omuta, Fukuoka, 836-8585, Japan.
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6
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Ragni AJ. Trabecular architecture of the capitate and third metacarpal through ontogeny in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and gorillas (Gorilla gorilla). J Hum Evol 2019; 138:102702. [PMID: 31805487 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2019.102702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and gorillas (Gorilla gorilla) both knuckle-walk in adulthood but are known to develop their locomotor strategies differently. Using dentally defined age-groups of both Pan and Gorilla and behavioral data from the literature, this study presents an internal trabecular bone approach to better understand the morphological ontogeny of knuckle-walking in these taxa. Capitate and third metacarpal bones were scanned by μCT at 23-43 μm resolution with scaled volumes of interest placed centrally within the head of the capitate and base of the third metacarpal. Trabecular measures related to activity level (size-adjusted bone volume/total volume, trabecular number, and bone surface area/bone volume) met expectations of decreasing through ontogeny in both taxa. Degree of anisotropy did not show statistical support for predicted species differences, but this may be due to the sample size as observed changes through ontogeny reflect expected trends in the capitate. Analyses of principal trabecular orientation corroborated known behavioral differences related to variation of hand use in these taxa, but only Pan showed directional patterning associated with suggested wrist posture. Assessment of allometry showed that the trabecular bone of larger animals is characterized by fewer and thinner trabeculae relative to bone size. In combination, these findings confirm the efficacy of trabecular bone in reflecting locomotor ontogeny differences between closely related taxa. These techniques show promise for use within the hominin fossil record, particularly for taxa hypothesized to be arboreal in some capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna J Ragni
- Richard Gilder Graduate School, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA; New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology, New York, NY, USA; Department of Anthropology, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA.
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7
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Madrid JV, Sera SR, Sparks NRL, Zur Nieden NI. Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to Assess Developmental Toxicity in the Osteogenic Lineage. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1797:125-145. [PMID: 29896689 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7883-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal birth defects are frequent, yet their causes remain insufficiently investigated. Aside from genetic factors, exposure to environmental toxicants is suspected to contribute to the etiology of skeletal malformations. However, most chemicals in the environment are insufficiently characterized for their potential to cause harm to the differentiation of osteoblasts, the bone-forming cells and thereby the development of the skeleton.This lack of information primarily stems from animal testing being prohibitively expensive and time-consuming, which has prompted the development of predictive in vitro alternative methods. With the advent of mouse embryonic stem cells, which represent cells with the potential to become any of the 200 cell types in the body, among them osteoblasts, the past 15 years have borne suitable opportunities to assess chemicals in vitro. However, with an increasing understanding of the differences between mouse and human embryonic development, a need for human-specific developmental toxicity testing has risen. This chapter provides a detailed protocol on how to differentiate human embryonic stem cells into the osteogenic lineage, how to assess differentiation inhibition and how to evaluate such findings in relation to the mitochondrial activity of human embryonic stem cells and human fibroblasts, while exposed to a potential toxicant. Together, these endpoints allow for a human-specific screening of developmental toxicity specifically related to the osteogenic lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph V Madrid
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Steven R Sera
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Nicole R L Sparks
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Nicole I Zur Nieden
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.
- Stem Cell Center, College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.
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Tsai TL, Pan WH, Chung YT, Wu TN, Tseng YC, Liou SH, Wang SL. Association between urinary lead and bone health in a general population from Taiwan. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2016; 26:481-487. [PMID: 26152405 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2015.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Lead accumulates in adult bones for many decades; previous studies have shown lead's detrimental effects on osteoblast and osteoclast activity in association with bone remodeling. Osteoporosis is a disease of the bones resulting in low bone mass that induces fragile bones and hence susceptibility of fracture. We estimated the association between urinary lead (U-Pb) levels and bone health in adults participating in the third Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan (NAHSIT) from 2005 to 2008. A total of 398 participants were divided into normal (T-score>-1), osteopenic (T-score between -1 and -2.5), or osteoporotic (T-score<-2.5) groups according to the results of bone mineral density (BMD) measurements. Heavy metals were measured in urine specimens using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, age (OR=1.08; 95% CI=1.05-1.10), former smokers (OR=2.95; 95% CI=1.22-7.11) and higher U-Pb levels than upper tertile (OR=2.30; 95% CI=1.19-4.48) were associated with osteopenia/osteoporosis. Furthermore, age (OR=1.06; 95% CI=1.02-1.10) and higher U-Pb levels (OR=2.81; 95% CI=1.13-6.97) were significantly associated with osteopenia and osteoporosis in women. These results suggest that adults, particularly in women, with higher U-Pb levels may have increased odds of osteopenia and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Lin Tsai
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Harn Pan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Teh Chung
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Trong-Neng Wu
- College of Medicine and Nursing, Department of Nursing, Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chih Tseng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hsinchu Cathay General Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Saou-Hsing Liou
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Li Wang
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
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9
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Seemann F, Peterson DR, Witten PE, Guo BS, Shanthanagouda AH, Ye RR, Zhang G, Au DWT. Insight into the transgenerational effect of benzo[a]pyrene on bone formation in a teleost fish (Oryzias latipes). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2015; 178:60-67. [PMID: 26456900 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent cross-generational studies in teleost fish have raised the awareness that high levels of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) could affect skeletal integrity in the directly exposed F0 and their F1-F2. However, no further details were provided about the causes for abnormalities on the molecular and cellular level and the persistence of such sub-organismal impairments at the transgenerational scale (beyond F2). Adult Oryzias latipes were exposed to 1μg/L BaP for 21days. The F1-F3 were examined for skeletal deformities, histopathological alterations of vertebral bodies and differential expression of key genes of bone metabolism. Significant increase of dorsal-ventral vertebral compression was evident in ancestrally exposed larvae. Histopathological analysis revealed abnormal loss of notochord sheath, a lack of notochord epithelial integrity, reduced bone tissue and decreased osteoblast abundance. A significant downregulation of ATF4 and/or osterix and a high biological variability of COL10, coupled with a significant deregulation of SOX9a/b in the F1-F3 suggest that ancestral BaP exposure most likely perturbed chordoblasts, chondroblast and osteoblast differentiation, resulting in defective notochord sheath repair and rendering the vertebral column more vulnerable to compression. The present findings provide novel molecular and cellular insights into BaP-induced transgenerational bone impairment in the unexposed F3. From the ecological risk assessment perspective, BaP needs to be regarded as a transgenerational skeletal toxicant, which exerts a far-reaching impact on fish survival and fitness. Given that basic mechanisms of cartilage/bone formation are conserved between medaka and mammals, the results may also shed light on the potential transgenerational effect of BaP on the genesis of skeletal diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Seemann
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong
| | - Drew R Peterson
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong
| | - P Eckhard Witten
- Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bao-Sheng Guo
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Adamane H Shanthanagouda
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong
| | - Rui R Ye
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong
| | - Ge Zhang
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Doris W T Au
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong; Shenzhen Key Laboratory for the Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity, Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China.
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Abella V, Santoro A, Scotece M, Conde J, López-López V, Lazzaro V, Gómez-Reino JJ, Meli R, Gualillo O. Non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB 101, PCB 153 and PCB 180) induce chondrocyte cell death through multiple pathways. Toxicol Lett 2015; 234:13-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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11
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Andrássy L, Maros G, Kovács IJ, Horváth Á, Gulyás K, Bertalan É, Besnyi A, Füri J, Fancsik T, Szekanecz Z, Bhattoa HP. [Applicability of laser-based geological techniques in bone research: analysis of calcium oxide distribution in thin-cut animal bones]. Orv Hetil 2014; 155:1783-93. [PMID: 25362641 DOI: 10.1556/oh.2014.30010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The structural similarities between the inorganic component of bone tissue and geological formations make it possible that mathematic models may be used to determine weight percentage composition of different mineral element oxides constituting the inorganic component of bone tissue. The determined weight percentage composition can be verified with the determination of element oxide concentration values by laser induced plasma spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. It can be concluded from calculated weight percentage composition of the inorganic component of bone tissue and laboratory analyses that the properties of bone tissue are determined primarily by hydroxylapatite. The inorganic bone structure can be studied well by determining the calcium oxide concentration distribution using the laser induced plasma spectroscopy technique. In the present study, thin polished bone slides prepared from male bovine tibia were examined with laser induced plasma spectroscopy in a regular network and combined sampling system to derive the calculated calcium oxide concentration distribution. The superficial calcium oxide concentration distribution, as supported by "frequency distribution" curves, can be categorized into a number of groups. This, as such, helps in clearly demarcating the cortical and trabecular bone structures. Following analyses of bovine tibial bone, the authors found a positive association between the attenuation value, as determined by quantitative computer tomography and the "ρ" density, as used in geology. Furthermore, the calculated "ρ" density and the measured average calcium oxide concentration values showed inverse correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gyula Maros
- Magyar Földtani és Geofizikai Intézet Budapest
| | | | - Ágnes Horváth
- Debreceni Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar Reumatológiai Tanszék Debrecen Nagyerdei krt. 98. 4032
| | - Katalin Gulyás
- Debreceni Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar Reumatológiai Tanszék Debrecen Nagyerdei krt. 98. 4032
| | | | | | - Judit Füri
- Magyar Földtani és Geofizikai Intézet Budapest
| | | | - Zoltán Szekanecz
- Debreceni Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar Reumatológiai Tanszék Debrecen Nagyerdei krt. 98. 4032
| | - Harjit Pal Bhattoa
- Debreceni Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar Laboratóriumi Medicina Intézet Debrecen
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Guo M, He L, Strong PJ, Wang H. Binding between lead ions and the high-abundance serum proteins. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 112:472-480. [PMID: 25048942 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between three of the most abundant bovine serum proteins (serum albumin, transferrin and IgG) with Pb(2+) was investigated using electrochemistry. The data was used to construct a new theoretical model of Pb(2+) binding to the high-abundance serum proteins under non-ideal conditions. The binding constants (β) of Pb(2+) to the individual proteins and a mixture of proteins were measured according to a new theoretical equation (non-ideal state) as well as the McGhee-Von Hippel equation (ideal state). Differences between the models suggested that the β values obtained using the non-ideal state model was more realistic. Protein-protein interactions and micro-environmental influences affected binding between Pb(2+) and the high-abundance serum proteins. We included a micro-environmental influence factor for the model (Fm), which accurately quantified the effect of micro-environment of the proteome of Pb(2+) binding with the serum proteins. This research provides a useful reference of theoretical and experimental work regarding heavy-metal binding interactions with serum proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Guo
- School of Science, Zhejiang Agricultural & Forestry University, Lin'an, Zhejiang Province 311300, China.
| | - Ling He
- School of Science, Zhejiang Agricultural & Forestry University, Lin'an, Zhejiang Province 311300, China
| | - P J Strong
- Centre for Solid Waste Bioprocessing, School of Civil Engineering and School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Hailong Wang
- School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Agricultural & Forestry University, Lin'an, Zhejiang Province 311300, China.
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13
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PCB126 induces apoptosis of chondrocytes via ROS-dependent pathways. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2012; 20:1179-85. [PMID: 22750746 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2012.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chondrocyte apoptosis represents an important component in the osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis. This study sought to investigate the potential of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)126, the most potent and ubiquitous environmental pollutant of PCB congeners, on chondrocyte apoptosis and its mechanism of action. METHODS Rabbit articular chondrocytes cultured from tibial and femoral in cartilage were exposed to PCB126. Productions of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) and nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) binding activity were measured. After 24 h exposure to PCB126, the apoptotic cell death was detected by caspase-3 activity, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using antibodies against DNA and histone, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling (TUNEL) staining. RESULTS PCB126 generated ROS, which was blocked by the antioxidants (N-acetylcystein and trolox), or the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) inhibitor, α-naphthoflavone (α-NF). PCB126 exposure also increased NO production and NF-kB binding activity in the chondrocytes, which were blocked by the iNOS inhibitor, N-monomethyl-l-arginine (l-NMMA). All apoptosis detection techniques used in this study revealed an increase of apoptotic effects by PCB126 exposure, which was blocked by inhibitors of ROS or iNOS. This is the first report to demonstrate the potential of a PCB congener to induce chondrocytes apoptosis, which could be an initial process in cartilage degradation. CONCLUSIONS PCB may be an initiator of chondrocyte apoptosis, which is closely linked to degradation of cartilage in OA pathogenesis. This study may contribute to identifying the possible causes of arthritis in our environment.
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Ma Y, Fu D, Liu Z. Effect of lead on apoptosis in cultured rat primary osteoblasts. Toxicol Ind Health 2011; 28:136-46. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233711407956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of lead exposure on apoptosis of cultured rat primary osteoblasts (ROBs), which were derived from newborn calvariae of Sprague Dawley rat. They were identified by the staining of alkaline phosphatase and mineralized matrix. The ROBs were received at 0, 20, 40 and 80 μM Pb2+ of lead acetate solution for 24 h, respectively, before being doubly marked by Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide. The intracellular concentration of calcium ([Ca2+]i) was detected under the laser scan confocal microscope. The activities of phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C (PC-PLC) were measured and the effect of lead exposure on the expression of PC-PLC was observed by immunoblotting assay. The results showed that when compared with that of the control group, lead exposure induced an increase of [Ca2+]i of lead-treated ROBs, resulting in a significant development in apoptosis. In the meantime, a significant decline in protein level and enzymatic activities of PC-PLC were observed in a dose-dependent manner. It was concluded that lead can induce apoptosis in ROBs, and one of the mechanisms of lead-induced apoptosis may be that activating intracellular calcium stores by decreasing protein levels and enzymatic activities of PC-PLC can increase the [Ca2+]i, and consequently, the apoptotic signal pathway can be induced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushui Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Da Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Sharifi AM, Ghazanfari R, Tekiyehmaroof N, Sharifi MA. Investigating the effect of lead acetate on rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells toxicity: role of apoptosis. Toxicol Mech Methods 2011; 21:225-30. [PMID: 21244221 DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2010.543943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Lead exposure continues to be a significant public health problem. Osteoporosis, inhibition of fracture healing, and cartilage functional impairment have been reported from lead exposure. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a bone marrow population of cells with the ability to differentiate into various cell types, particularly osteocytes and chondrocytes. Despite intensive investigation on the effect of lead poisoning on various cell types, there is very little if any report on the effect of lead on MSCs. The aim of this study, therefore, was to investigate the effect of lead acetate on rat bone marrow derived MSCs toxicity and its mechanism by examining the role of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins in this process. It was revealed that lead acetate could induce cell death in a dose-dependent manner using 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Compared to controls, the significant over-expression of pro-apoptotic proteins, including Bax, caspases-9, -3, and p53, with no significant change in anti-apoptotic Bcl(2) protein were obtained in lead-treated cells using western blotting analysis. There was a significant increase in DNA fragmentation in treated MSCs compared to controls using flow-cytometry. Finally, it might be concluded that lead acetate could induce cell toxicity and apoptosis in MSCs, causing instability in mitochondria and in turn activation of the intrinsic pathway including over-expression of Bax, caspase 9 and caspase 3, leading to DNA damage and activation of P53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali M Sharifi
- Razi Institute for Drug Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Bodo M, Balloni S, Lumare E, Bacci M, Calvitti M, Dell’Omo M, Murgia N, Marinucci L. Effects of sub-toxic Cadmium concentrations on bone gene expression program: Results of an in vitro study. Toxicol In Vitro 2010; 24:1670-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2010.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2009] [Revised: 05/24/2010] [Accepted: 05/31/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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17
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Dhooge W, Den Hond E, Koppen G, Bruckers L, Nelen V, Van De Mieroop E, Bilau M, Croes K, Baeyens W, Schoeters G, Van Larebeke N. Internal exposure to pollutants and body size in Flemish adolescents and adults: associations and dose-response relationships. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2010; 36:330-337. [PMID: 20181395 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2010.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2009] [Accepted: 01/29/2010] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Flanders is densely populated with much industry and intensive farming. Body size of 14- to 15-year old adolescents and of adults aged 50-65 was studied in relation to internal exposure to pollutants. 1679 adolescents (887 boys and 792 girls), 775 men and 808 women were selected as a random sample of the population. Concentrations of pollutants in blood or urine were measured in accordance with quality control/quality assurance procedures. Self-assessment questionnaires provided information on personal and life-style factors. Height and weight of subjects were measured. Confounding factors and significant covariates were taken into account. For boys and girls, height and body mass index (BMI) showed a negative association with urinary concentration of cadmium and BMI also with serum concentration of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and with the sum of serum concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) 138, 153, and 180 (marker PCBs), whereas BMI showed a positive association with serum concentration of PCB 118. For boys, height showed a negative association with urinary concentration of 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) and positive associations with serum concentrations of HCB and PCB 118. For adults no significant associations between internal exposure and height were observed. For men, BMI showed negative associations with urinary cadmium concentration and with serum levels of marker PCBs and positive associations with serum levels of HCB, p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE), PCB 118 and the dioxin fraction of dioxin-like activity. For women, BMI showed a negative association with urinary cadmium concentration, with blood lead concentration and with the concentration of marker PCBs in serum, and a positive association with serum concentrations of HCB, p,p'-DDE and PCB 118. Associations between biological effects and internal exposures were, in terms of the regression coefficient, often stronger at exposures below the median. Environmental exposures to pollutants resulting in "normal" levels of internal exposure were associated with quite substantial differences in body mass index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem Dhooge
- Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elly Den Hond
- Environmental Toxicology, Flemish Institute of Technological Research, Mol, Belgium
| | - Gudrun Koppen
- Environmental Toxicology, Flemish Institute of Technological Research, Mol, Belgium
| | | | - Vera Nelen
- Provincial Institute of Hygiene, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Maaike Bilau
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kim Croes
- Analytical and Environmental Chemistry (ANCH), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Willy Baeyens
- Analytical and Environmental Chemistry (ANCH), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Greet Schoeters
- Environmental Toxicology, Flemish Institute of Technological Research, Mol, Belgium; University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Van Larebeke
- Study Centre for Carcinogenesis and Primary Prevention of Cancer, Department of Radiotherapy and Experimental Cancerology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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Yang JH, Lee HG. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin induces apoptosis of articular chondrocytes in culture. CHEMOSPHERE 2010; 79:278-284. [PMID: 20153503 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2009] [Revised: 01/19/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Positive associations of halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons and arthritis have been reported in human populations. Although 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), the most potent congener of its class, is associated with musculoskeletal dysfunctions in humans and animals, its role on arthritis remains unknown. Apoptosis of chondrocytes has become a focus of interest in the pathogenesis of arthritis. We investigated the potential of TCDD as an inducer of chondrocyte apoptosis and evaluated its mechanism of action. Rabbit chondrocytes in culture were exposed to TCDD. Responses of dioxin-responsive genes and enzyme activity were analyzed by RT-PCR and EROD assay, respectively. Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) were also determined. A panel of different approaches including caspase-3 assay, ELISA, flow cytometry, and TUNEL staining was utilized to detect apoptotic effects. Dioxin induced mRNAs of dioxin-responsive genes and EROD activity in an AhR-dependent manner. Dose-dependent increases in ROS and NO production were observed. All apoptosis detection techniques used in this study revealed an increase of apoptotic effects in a dose-dependent manner. The increase of apoptosis was blocked by inhibitors of ROS or NO, suggesting that apoptotic effects may be mediated via ROS- and NO-dependent pathways. This is a first report to demonstrate the potential of TCDD to induce apoptosis in chondrocytes, which could be an initial process in cartilage degradation. This finding may shed a new light in studying the possible role of environmental pollutants in the etiology of arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Ho Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Catholic University of Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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Aybar Odstrcil ADC, Carino SN, Ricci JCD, Mandalunis PM. Effect of arsenic in endochondral ossification of experimental animals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 62:243-9. [PMID: 19447590 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2009.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2008] [Revised: 02/05/2009] [Accepted: 04/06/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) toxicity is a global health problem affecting millions of people, the most toxic forms being Arsenites [As(III)] and Arsenates [As(V)]. Arsenic intoxication can occur through different exposure routes. The aim of the present work was to determine the effect of As on endochondral ossification and bone remodeling in experimental animals, by means of biochemical, histologic, and histomorphometric determinations. Sixteen male Wistar rats, 100g body weight (b.w.), were divided into two groups: experimental group (n=8), treated with 10mg/l of NaAsO(2) in their drinking water, receiving 0.21mg/kgb.w./day during 45 days; and control group (n=8) remained untreated. On day 45, blood samples were obtained by cardiac puncture to perform hematologic blood counts and biochemical determination. The animals were killed, the tibiae, femurs, kidneys and livers were resected, fixed in formalin and processed histologically. Tibia and femur sections were obtained and stained with H&E. The following histomorphometric parameters were determined on tibia and femur sections: bone volume (BV/TV), thickness of growth plate cartilage (GPC.Th) and thickness of hypertrophic zone (HpZ.Th). Biochemical determinations showed that experimental animals exhibited neutrophilia and a decrease in lymphocytes and monocytes. As levels were below 1 microg/dl in both groups. The femur sections of the experimental group showed (1) a statistically significant increase in total growth cartilage plate thickness (p<0.05) at the expense of the hypertrophic zone (p<0.05); (2) subchondral trabecular bone sealed to the growth plate with a non-significant increase in primary spongiosa bone volume. These results suggest that As alters endochondral ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana del Carmen Aybar Odstrcil
- Cátedra de Histología, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Marcelo T. de Alvear 2142 - 1er Piso Sector A, 1122 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Hill DS, Wlodarczyk BJ, Finnell RH. Reproductive consequences of oral arsenate exposure during pregnancy in a mouse model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 83:40-7. [DOI: 10.1002/bdrb.20142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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