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Calderón C, Castaño-Vinyals G, Maslanyj M, Wiart J, Lee AK, Taki M, Wake K, Abert A, Badia F, Hadjem A, Kromhout H, de Llobet P, Varsier N, Conil E, Choi HD, Sim MR, Cardis E. Estimation of RF and ELF dose by anatomical location in the brain from wireless phones in the MOBI-Kids study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 163:107189. [PMID: 35447435 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Wireless phones (both mobile and cordless) emit not only radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic fields (EMF) but also extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic fields, both of which should be considered in epidemiological studies of the possible adverse health effects of use of such devices. This paper describes a unique algorithm, developed for the multinational case-control MOBI-Kids study, that estimates the cumulative specific energy (CSE) and the cumulative induced current density (CICD) in the brain from RF and ELF fields, respectively, for each subject in the study (aged 10-24 years old). Factors such as age, tumour location, self-reported phone models and usage patterns (laterality, call frequency/duration and hands-free use) were considered, as was the prevalence of different communication systems over time. Median CSE and CICD were substantially higher in GSM than 3G systems and varied considerably with location in the brain. Agreement between RF CSE and mobile phone use variables was moderate to null, depending on the communication system. Agreement between mobile phone use variables and ELF CICD was higher overall but also strongly dependent on communication system. Despite ELF dose distribution across the brain being more diffuse than that of RF, high correlation was observed between RF and ELF dose. The algorithm was used to systematically estimate the localised RF and ELF doses in the brain from wireless phones, which were found to be strongly dependent on location and communication system. Analysis of cartographies showed high correlation across phone models and across ages, however diagonal agreement between these cartographies suggest these factors do affect dose distribution to some level. Overall, duration and number of calls may not be adequate proxies of dose, particularly as communication systems available for voice calls tend to become more complex with time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Calderón
- UK Health Security Agency, Chemical, Radiation and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0RQ, United Kingdom.
| | - Gemma Castaño-Vinyals
- Barcelona Institute of Global Health (ISGlobal), 88 Doctor Aiguader, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain; University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Myron Maslanyj
- UK Health Security Agency, Chemical, Radiation and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0RQ, United Kingdom
| | - Joe Wiart
- WHIST Lab Common Lab of Orange Labs R&D and Institut Mines Telecom, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France; LTCI, Telecom Paris, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Ae-Kyoung Lee
- Radio Technology Research Department, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Masao Taki
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan
| | - Kanako Wake
- Electromagnetic Compatibility Laboratory, Electromagnetic Standards Research Center, Radio Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Koganei, Japan
| | - Alex Abert
- Barcelona Institute of Global Health (ISGlobal), 88 Doctor Aiguader, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain; University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesc Badia
- Barcelona Institute of Global Health (ISGlobal), 88 Doctor Aiguader, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain; University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain; University Autónoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Abdelhamid Hadjem
- WHIST Lab Common Lab of Orange Labs R&D and Institut Mines Telecom, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
| | - Hans Kromhout
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Patricia de Llobet
- Barcelona Institute of Global Health (ISGlobal), 88 Doctor Aiguader, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain; University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nadège Varsier
- WHIST Lab Common Lab of Orange Labs R&D and Institut Mines Telecom, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
| | - Emmanuelle Conil
- WHIST Lab Common Lab of Orange Labs R&D and Institut Mines Telecom, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France; Agence Nationale des FRéquences (ANFR), Maisons-Alfort, France(1)
| | - Hyung-Do Choi
- Radio Technology Research Department, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Malcolm R Sim
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science. Monash University, Alfred Centre, Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Elisabeth Cardis
- Barcelona Institute of Global Health (ISGlobal), 88 Doctor Aiguader, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain; University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
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Exposure to 1800 MHz LTE electromagnetic fields under proinflammatory conditions decreases the response strength and increases the acoustic threshold of auditory cortical neurons. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4063. [PMID: 35260711 PMCID: PMC8902282 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07923-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased needs for mobile phone communications have raised successive generations (G) of wireless technologies, which could differentially affect biological systems. To test this, we exposed rats to single head-only exposure of a 4G long-term evolution (LTE)-1800 MHz electromagnetic field (EMF) for 2 h. We then assessed the impact on microglial space coverage and electrophysiological neuronal activity in the primary auditory cortex (ACx), under acute neuroinflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide. The mean specific absorption rate in the ACx was 0.5 W/kg. Multiunit recording revealed that LTE-EMF triggered reduction in the response strength to pure tones and to natural vocalizations, together with an increase in acoustic threshold in the low and medium frequencies. Iba1 immunohistochemistry showed no change in the area covered by microglia cell bodies and processes. In healthy rats, the same LTE-exposure induced no change in response strength and acoustic threshold. Our data indicate that acute neuroinflammation sensitizes neuronal responses to LTE-EMF, which leads to an altered processing of acoustic stimuli in the ACx.
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Chen F, Wang P, Lan J, Hu M, Zheng J, Li Y, Hou C, Zhou D. Wireless phone use and adult meningioma risk: a systematic review and Meta-analysis. Br J Neurosurg 2020; 35:444-450. [PMID: 33305648 DOI: 10.1080/02688697.2020.1856784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Several studies explored the effects of exposure to radiofrequency-electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) and extremely low frequency (ELF) EMF emitted from mobile phones on meningioma among adults. However, the results could not reach an agreement. This meta-analysis was conducted to confirm the relationship between adult meningioma risk and the use of a wireless phone. Methods: Pertinent studies were identified by searching PubMed and Embase up to August 2018. The random- or fixed-effects model was used to combine the results depending on the heterogeneity of the analysis. The publication bias was evaluated using Egger's regression asymmetry test. The subgroup analysis was performed by time since the first use of wireless phone and laterality (ipsilateral/contralateral). Results: Eight studies were enrolled in this meta-analysis. The pooled results suggested that the ever use of wireless phone led to a borderline decreased adult meningioma risk [odds ratio (OR) 0.90; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.83-0.99] with no heterogeneity (I2 = 5.3%; p = 0.391). A decreased risk of meningioma was seen in short-term (OR = 0.85; 95% CI = 0.77-0.94) users. Neither decreased nor increased risk of meningioma was observed in mid-term (OR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.75-1.16) and long-term (OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 0.93-1.19) users. Neither ipsilateral (OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 0.90-1.22) nor contralateral (OR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.62-1.18) wireless phone use was associated with the risk of meningioma. Conclusions: This meta-analysis suggested a relationship between decreased meningioma risk and wireless phone use. However, the findings need further validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fajun Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jiaying Lan
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Mingzhe Hu
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiantao Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yanwen Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Chongxian Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Dong Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Thielens A, Bockstael A, Declerck S, Aminzadeh R, Aerts S, Botteldooren D, Martens L, Joseph W. Mobile phones: A trade-off between speech intelligibility and exposure to noise levels and to radio-frequency electromagnetic fields. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 175:1-10. [PMID: 31096087 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
When making phone calls, cellphone and smartphone users are exposed to radio-frequency (RF) electromagnetic fields (EMFs) and sound pressure simultaneously. Speech intelligibility during mobile phone calls is related to the sound pressure level of speech relative to potential background sounds and also to the RF-EMF exposure, since the signal quality is correlated with the RF-EMF strength. Additionally, speech intelligibility, sound pressure level, and exposure to RF-EMFs are dependent on how the call is made (on speaker, held at the ear, or with headsets). The relationship between speech intelligibility, sound exposure, and exposure to RF-EMFs is determined in this study. To this aim, the transmitted RF-EMF power was recorded during phone calls made by 53 subjects in three different, controlled exposure scenarios: calling with the phone at the ear, calling in speaker-mode, and calling with a headset. This emitted power is directly proportional to the exposure to RF EMFs and is translated into specific absorption rate using numerical simulations. Simultaneously, sound pressure levels have been recorded and speech intelligibility has been assessed during each phone call. The results show that exposure to RF-EMFs, quantified as the specific absorption in the head, will be reduced when speaker-mode or a headset is used, in comparison to calling next to the ear. Additionally, personal exposure to sound pressure is also found to be highest in the condition where the phone is held next to the ear. On the other hand, speech perception is found to be the best when calling with a phone next to the ear in comparison to the other studied conditions, when background noise is present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arno Thielens
- Department of Information Technology, Ghent University/iMinds, Technologiepark 126, Ghent B-9052, Belgium; Berkeley Wireless Research Center, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, 2108 Allston Way, Suite 200, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA.
| | - Annelies Bockstael
- Department of Information Technology, Ghent University/iMinds, Technologiepark 126, Ghent B-9052, Belgium; École d'orthophonie et d'audiologie, Université de Montréal, 7077 Av du Parc, Montréal, QC H3N1X7, Canada
| | - Sofie Declerck
- Department of Information Technology, Ghent University/iMinds, Technologiepark 126, Ghent B-9052, Belgium
| | - Reza Aminzadeh
- Department of Information Technology, Ghent University/iMinds, Technologiepark 126, Ghent B-9052, Belgium
| | - Sam Aerts
- Department of Information Technology, Ghent University/iMinds, Technologiepark 126, Ghent B-9052, Belgium
| | - Dick Botteldooren
- Department of Information Technology, Ghent University/iMinds, Technologiepark 126, Ghent B-9052, Belgium
| | - Luc Martens
- Department of Information Technology, Ghent University/iMinds, Technologiepark 126, Ghent B-9052, Belgium
| | - Wout Joseph
- Department of Information Technology, Ghent University/iMinds, Technologiepark 126, Ghent B-9052, Belgium
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Wallace J, Selmaoui B. Effect of mobile phone radiofrequency signal on the alpha rhythm of human waking EEG: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 175:274-286. [PMID: 31146099 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In response to the exponential increase in mobile phone use and the resulting increase in exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF), there have been several studies to investigate via electroencephalography (EEG) whether RF-EMF exposure affects brain activity. Data in the literature have shown that exposure to radiofrequency signals modifies the waking EEG with the main effect on the alpha band frequency (8-13 Hz). However, some studies have reported an increase in alpha band power, while others have shown a decrease, and other studies showed no effect on EEG power. Given that changes in the alpha amplitude are associated with attention and some cognitive aspects of human behavior, researchers deemed necessary to look whether alpha rhythm was modulated under RF-EMF exposure. The present review aims at comparing and discussing the main findings obtained so far regarding RF-EMF effects on alpha rhythm of human waking spontaneous EEG, focusing on differences in protocols between studies, which might explain the observed discrepancies and inconclusive results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina Wallace
- Experimental Toxicology Unit, National Institute of Industrial Environment and Risks (INERIS), Verneuil-en-Halatte, France; PériTox Laboratory, UMR-I-01, Faculty of Medicine, University of Picardy Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Brahim Selmaoui
- Experimental Toxicology Unit, National Institute of Industrial Environment and Risks (INERIS), Verneuil-en-Halatte, France; PériTox Laboratory, UMR-I-01, Faculty of Medicine, University of Picardy Jules Verne, Amiens, France.
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Statistical Evaluation of Radiofrequency Exposure during Magnetic Resonant Imaging: Application of Whole-Body Individual Human Model and Body Motion in the Coil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16061069. [PMID: 30934647 PMCID: PMC6466328 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16061069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The accurate estimation of patient's exposure to the radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic field of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) significantly depends on a precise individual anatomical model. In the study, we investigated the applicability of an efficient whole-body individual modelling method for the assessment of MRI RF exposure. The individual modelling method included a deformable human model and tissue simplification techniques. Besides its remarkable efficiency, this approach utilized only a low specific absorption rate (SAR) sequence or even no MRI scan to generate the whole-body individual model. Therefore, it substantially reduced the risk of RF exposure. The dosimetric difference of the individual modelling method was evaluated using the manually segmented human models. In addition, stochastic dosimetry using a surrogate model by polynomial chaos presented SAR variability due to body misalignment and tilt in the coil, which were frequently occurred in the practical scan. In conclusion, the dosimetric equivalence of the individual models was validated by both deterministic and stochastic dosimetry. The proposed individual modelling method allowed the physicians to quantify the patient-specific SAR while the statistical results enabled them to comprehensively weigh over the exposure risk and get the benefit of imaging enhancement by using the high-intensity scanners or the high-SAR sequences.
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Occelli F, Lameth J, Adenis V, Huetz C, Lévêque P, Jay TM, Edeline JM, Mallat M. A Single Exposure to GSM-1800 MHz Signals in the Course of an Acute Neuroinflammatory Reaction can Alter Neuronal Responses and Microglial Morphology in the Rat Primary Auditory Cortex. Neuroscience 2018; 385:11-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Wireless Phone Use and Risk of Adult Glioma: Evidence from a Meta-Analysis. World Neurosurg 2018; 115:e629-e636. [PMID: 29709736 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.04.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wireless phone use has been increasing rapidly and is associated with the risk of glioma. Many studies have been conducted on this association without reaching agreement. The aim of this meta-analysis was to determine the possible association between wireless phone use and risk of adult glioma. METHODS Eligible studies were identified by searching PubMed and Embase up to July 2017. Random-effects or fixed-effects model was used to combine the results depending on the heterogeneity of the analysis. Publication bias was evaluated using Begg's funnel plot and Egger's regression asymmetry test. Subgroup analysis was performed to evaluate possible influence of these variables. RESULTS Ten studies on the association of wireless phone use and risk of glioma were included. The combined odds ratio of adult gliomas associated with ever use of wireless phones was 1.03 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.92-1.16) with high heterogeneity (I2 = 54.2%, P = 0.013). In subgroup analyses, no significant association was found between tumor location in the temporal lobe and adult glioma risk, with odds ratios of 1.26 (95% CI, 0.87-1.84), 0.93 (95% CI, 0.69-1.24), and 1.61 (95% CI, 0.78-3.33). A significant association with risk of glioma was found in long-term users (≥10 years) with odds ratio of 1.33 (95% CI, 1.05-1.67). CONCLUSIONS Ever use of wireless phones was not significantly associated with risk of adult glioma, but there could be increased risk in long-term users.
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de Vocht F. Inferring the 1985-2014 impact of mobile phone use on selected brain cancer subtypes using Bayesian structural time series and synthetic controls. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 97:100-107. [PMID: 27835750 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mobile phone use has been increasing rapidly in the past decades and, in parallel, so has the annual incidence of certain types of brain cancers. However, it remains unclear whether this correlation is coincidental or whether use of mobile phones may cause the development, promotion or progression of specific cancers. The 1985-2014 incidence of selected brain cancer subtypes in England were analyzed and compared to counterfactual 'synthetic control' timeseries. METHODS Annual 1985-2014 incidence of malignant glioma, glioblastoma multiforme, and malignant neoplasms of the temporal and parietal lobes in England were modelled based on population-level covariates using Bayesian structural time series models assuming 5,10 and 15year minimal latency periods. Post-latency counterfactual 'synthetic England' timeseries were nowcast based on covariate trends. The impact of mobile phone use was inferred from differences between measured and modelled time series. RESULTS There is no evidence of an increase in malignant glioma, glioblastoma multiforme, or malignant neoplasms of the parietal lobe not predicted in the 'synthetic England' time series. Malignant neoplasms of the temporal lobe however, have increased faster than expected. A latency period of 10years reflected the earliest latency period when this was measurable and related to mobile phone penetration rates, and indicated an additional increase of 35% (95% Credible Interval 9%:59%) during 2005-2014; corresponding to an additional 188 (95%CI 48-324) cases annually. CONCLUSIONS A causal factor, of which mobile phone use (and possibly other wireless equipment) is in agreement with the hypothesized temporal association, is related to an increased risk of developing malignant neoplasms in the temporal lobe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank de Vocht
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK.
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Kryukova OV, Pyankov VF, Kopylov AF, Khlebopros RG. Effect of electromagnetic microwave radiation on the growth of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma. DOKLADY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTIONS 2016; 470:237-239. [PMID: 27822749 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496616050094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Daily exposure of mouse recipients of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma to electromagnetic radiation of the microwave range leads to a change in the dynamics of tumor growth by decreasing the total number of cells. The number of tumor cells with blebbing morphological signs after microwave radiation increases gradually with tumor growth. The maximum content of tumor cells in the state of blebbing is observed during active proliferation in tumor-recipient mice of the control group (without irradiation).
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Affiliation(s)
- O V Kryukova
- Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia.
| | - V F Pyankov
- Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia.,Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - A F Kopylov
- Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - R G Khlebopros
- Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia.,Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
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Huang Y, Varsier N, Niksic S, Kocan E, Pejanovic-Djurisic M, Popovic M, Koprivica M, Neskovic A, Milinkovic J, Gati A, Person C, Wiart J. Comparison of average global exposure of population induced by a macro 3G network in different geographical areas in France and Serbia. Bioelectromagnetics 2016; 37:382-90. [DOI: 10.1002/bem.21990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Huang
- Orange Labs; Châtillon France
- Institut Mines-Telecom Telecom Bretagne; Brest France
- Institut Mines-Telecom Telecom ParisTech; LTCI, Chaire C2m; Paris France
| | | | | | - Enis Kocan
- University of Montenegro; Podgorica; Montenegro
| | | | | | - Mladen Koprivica
- School of Electrical Engineering; University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
| | | | | | | | - Christian Person
- Institut Mines-Telecom Telecom Bretagne; Brest France
- Institut Mines-Telecom Telecom ParisTech; LTCI, Chaire C2m; Paris France
| | - Joe Wiart
- Institut Mines-Telecom Telecom ParisTech; LTCI, Chaire C2m; Paris France
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Zakharchenko MV, Kovzan AV, Khunderyakova NV, Yachkula TV, Krukova OV, Khlebopros RG, Shvartsburd PM, Fedotcheva NI, Litvinova EG, Kondrashova MN. The effect of cell-phone radiation on rabbits: Lymphocyte enzyme-activity data. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350916010279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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