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Liu Y, Kim E, Lei M, Wu S, Yan K, Shen J, Bentley WE, Shi X, Qu X, Payne GF. Electro-Biofabrication. Coupling Electrochemical and Biomolecular Methods to Create Functional Bio-Based Hydrogels. Biomacromolecules 2023. [PMID: 37155361 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Twenty years ago, this journal published a review entitled "Biofabrication with Chitosan" based on the observations that (i) chitosan could be electrodeposited using low voltage electrical inputs (typically less than 5 V) and (ii) the enzyme tyrosinase could be used to graft proteins (via accessible tyrosine residues) to chitosan. Here, we provide a progress report on the coupling of electronic inputs with advanced biological methods for the fabrication of biopolymer-based hydrogel films. In many cases, the initial observations of chitosan's electrodeposition have been extended and generalized: mechanisms have been established for the electrodeposition of various other biological polymers (proteins and polysaccharides), and electrodeposition has been shown to allow the precise control of the hydrogel's emergent microstructure. In addition, the use of biotechnological methods to confer function has been extended from tyrosinase conjugation to the use of protein engineering to create genetically fused assembly tags (short sequences of accessible amino acid residues) that facilitate the attachment of function-conferring proteins to electrodeposited films using alternative enzymes (e.g., transglutaminase), metal chelation, and electrochemically induced oxidative mechanisms. Over these 20 years, the contributions from numerous groups have also identified exciting opportunities. First, electrochemistry provides unique capabilities to impose chemical and electrical cues that can induce assembly while controlling the emergent microstructure. Second, it is clear that the detailed mechanisms of biopolymer self-assembly (i.e., chitosan gel formation) are far more complex than anticipated, and this provides a rich opportunity both for fundamental inquiry and for the creation of high performance and sustainable material systems. Third, the mild conditions used for electrodeposition allow cells to be co-deposited for the fabrication of living materials. Finally, the applications have been expanded from biosensing and lab-on-a-chip systems to bioelectronic and medical materials. We suggest that electro-biofabrication is poised to emerge as an enabling additive manufacturing method especially suited for life science applications and to bridge communication between our biological and technological worlds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research and Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Eunkyoung Kim
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research and Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Miao Lei
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Frontier Science Research Base of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Si Wu
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory for Efficient Utilization and Agglomeration of Metallurgic Mineral Resources, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China
| | - Kun Yan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Application, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, P. R. China
| | - Jana Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - William E Bentley
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research and Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Xiaowen Shi
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Engineering Center of Natural Polymers-Based Medical Materials, Hubei Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Xue Qu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Frontier Science Research Base of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Gregory F Payne
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research and Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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2
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Wang S, Tsao CY, Motabar D, Li J, Payne GF, Bentley WE. A Redox-Based Autoinduction Strategy to Facilitate Expression of 5xCys-Tagged Proteins for Electrobiofabrication. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:675729. [PMID: 34220759 PMCID: PMC8250426 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.675729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofabrication utilizes biological materials and biological means, or mimics thereof, for assembly. When interfaced with microelectronics, electrobiofabricated assemblies enable exquisite sensing and reporting capabilities. We recently demonstrated that thiolated polyethylene glycol (PEG-SH) could be oxidatively assembled into a thin disulfide crosslinked hydrogel at an electrode surface; with sufficient oxidation, extra sulfenic acid groups are made available for covalent, disulfide coupling to sulfhydryl groups of proteins or peptides. We intentionally introduced a polycysteine tag (5xCys-tag) consisting of five consecutive cysteine residues at the C-terminus of a Streptococcal protein G to enable its covalent coupling to an electroassembled PEG-SH film. We found, however, that its expression and purification from E. coli was difficult, owing to the extra cysteine residues. We developed a redox-based autoinduction methodology that greatly enhanced the yield, especially in the soluble fraction of E. coli extracts. The redox component involved the deletion of oxyRS, a global regulator of the oxidative stress response and the autoinduction component integrated a quorum sensing (QS) switch that keys the secreted QS autoinducer-2 to induction. Interestingly, both methods helped when independently employed and further, when used in combination (i.e., autodinduced oxyRS mutant) the results were best—we found the highest total yield and highest yield in the soluble fraction. We hypothesize that the production host was less prone to severe metabolic perturbations that might reduce yield or drive sequestration of the -tagged protein into inclusion bodies. We expect this methodology will be useful for the expression of many such Cys-tagged proteins, ultimately enabling a diverse array of functionalized devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Wang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States.,Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States.,Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Chen-Yu Tsao
- Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States.,Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Dana Motabar
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States.,Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States.,Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Jinyang Li
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States.,Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States.,Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Gregory F Payne
- Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States.,Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
| | - William E Bentley
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States.,Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States.,Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
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3
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Motabar D, Li J, Wang S, Tsao CY, Tong X, Wang LX, Payne GF, Bentley WE. Simple, rapidly electroassembled thiolated PEG-based sensor interfaces enable rapid interrogation of antibody titer and glycosylation. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:2744-2758. [PMID: 33851726 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Process conditions established during the development and manufacture of recombinant protein therapeutics dramatically impacts their quality and clinical efficacy. Technologies that enable rapid assessment of product quality are critically important. Here, we describe the development of sensor interfaces that directly connect to electronics and enable near real-time assessment of antibody titer and N-linked galactosylation. We make use of a spatially resolved electroassembled thiolated polyethylene glycol hydrogel that enables electroactivated disulfide linkages. For titer assessment, we constructed a cysteinylated protein G that can be linked to the thiolated hydrogel allowing for robust capture and assessment of antibody concentration. For detecting galactosylation, the hydrogel is linked with thiolated sugars and their corresponding lectins, which enables antibody capture based on glycan pattern. Importantly, we demonstrate linear assessment of total antibody concentration over an industrially relevant range and the selective capture and quantification of antibodies with terminal β-galactose glycans. We also show that the interfaces can be reused after surface regeneration using a low pH buffer. Our functionalized interfaces offer advantages in their simplicity, rapid assembly, connectivity to electronics, and reusability. As they assemble directly onto electrodes that also serve as I/O registers, we envision incorporation into diagnostic platforms including those in manufacturing settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Motabar
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA.,Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA.,Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Jinyang Li
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA.,Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA.,Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Sally Wang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA.,Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA.,Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Chen-Yu Tsao
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA.,Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA.,Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Xin Tong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Lai-Xi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Gregory F Payne
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA.,Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - William E Bentley
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA.,Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA.,Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
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4
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Bhokisham N, Liu Y, Brown AD, Payne GF, Culver JN, Bentley WE. Transglutaminase-mediated assembly of multi-enzyme pathway onto TMV brush surfaces for synthesis of bacterial autoinducer-2. Biofabrication 2020; 12:045017. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ab9e7a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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5
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Protein Chemical Labeling Using Biomimetic Radical Chemistry. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24213980. [PMID: 31684188 PMCID: PMC6864698 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24213980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical labeling of proteins with synthetic low-molecular-weight probes is an important technique in chemical biology. To achieve this, it is necessary to use chemical reactions that proceed rapidly under physiological conditions (i.e., aqueous solvent, pH, low concentration, and low temperature) so that protein denaturation does not occur. The radical reaction satisfies such demands of protein labeling, and protein labeling using the biomimetic radical reaction has recently attracted attention. The biomimetic radical reaction enables selective labeling of the C-terminus, tyrosine, and tryptophan, which is difficult to achieve with conventional electrophilic protein labeling. In addition, as the radical reaction proceeds selectively in close proximity to the catalyst, it can be applied to the analysis of protein–protein interactions. In this review, recent trends in protein labeling using biomimetic radical reactions are discussed.
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6
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Wang L, Liu L, Dong B, Zhao H. Peroxidase-Mediated In Situ Fabrication of Multi-Stimuli-Responsive and Dynamic Protein Nanogels from Tyrosine-Conjugated Biodynamer and Ovablumin. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:1233-1239. [PMID: 35651157 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-mediated oxidation of tyrosine-conjugated biodynamer containing acylhydrazone linkages and ovalbumin (OVA)/reduced ovalbumin (rOVA) generated protein nanogels through simultaneous tyrosine coupling and thiol cross-linking in the presence of H2O2. The obtained nanogels are multi-stimuli-responsive to temperature, pH, and glutathione (GSH) and possess the dynamic character of reversible covalent bonds. The OVA-based or rOVA-based protein nanogels can be utilized as cargoes of anticancer drug curcumin (Cur). The Cur-loaded protein nanogels rapidly released Cur in intracellular-mimicking acidic and reductive environment, thus, making these protein nanogels promising nanocarriers for intracellular drug delivery. HRP-mediated cross-linking of the tyrosine-conjugated biodynamer and proteins provides a facile and versatile approach for fabrication of responsive and adaptive biohybrid nanogels under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
- School of Packaging and Printing Engineering, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bingyang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hanying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
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7
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Liu Y, Wu HC, Bhokisham N, Li J, Hong KL, Quan DN, Tsao CY, Bentley WE, Payne GF. Biofabricating Functional Soft Matter Using Protein Engineering to Enable Enzymatic Assembly. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:1809-1822. [PMID: 29745651 PMCID: PMC7045599 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Biology often provides the inspiration for functional soft matter, but biology can do more: it can provide the raw materials and mechanisms for hierarchical assembly. Biology uses polymers to perform various functions, and biologically derived polymers can serve as sustainable, self-assembling, and high-performance materials platforms for life-science applications. Biology employs enzymes for site-specific reactions that are used to both disassemble and assemble biopolymers both to and from component parts. By exploiting protein engineering methodologies, proteins can be modified to make them more susceptible to biology's native enzymatic activities. They can be engineered with fusion tags that provide (short sequences of amino acids at the C- and/or N- termini) that provide the accessible residues for the assembling enzymes to recognize and react with. This "biobased" fabrication not only allows biology's nanoscale components (i.e., proteins) to be engineered, but also provides the means to organize these components into the hierarchical structures that are prevalent in life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hsuan-Chen Wu
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology , National Taiwan University , Taipei City , Taiwan
| | | | | | - Kai-Lin Hong
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology , National Taiwan University , Taipei City , Taiwan
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8
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Rhoads MK, Hauk P, Gupta V, Bookstaver ML, Stephens K, Payne GF, Bentley WE. Modification and Assembly of a Versatile Lactonase for Bacterial Quorum Quenching. Molecules 2018; 23:E341. [PMID: 29415497 PMCID: PMC6016966 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This work sets out to provide a self-assembled biopolymer capsule activated with a multi-functional enzyme for localized delivery. This enzyme, SsoPox, which is a lactonase and phosphotriesterase, provides a means of interrupting bacterial communication pathways that have been shown to mediate pathogenicity. Here we demonstrate the capability to express, purify and attach SsoPox to the natural biopolymer chitosan, preserving its activity to "neutralize" long-chain autoinducer-1 (AI-1) communication molecules. Attachment is shown via non-specific binding and by engineering tyrosine and glutamine affinity 'tags' at the C-terminus for covalent linkage. Subsequent degradation of AI-1, in this case N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone (OdDHL), serves to "quench" bacterial quorum sensing (QS), silencing intraspecies communication. By attaching enzymes to pH-responsive chitosan that, in turn, can be assembled into various forms, we demonstrate device-based flexibility for enzyme delivery. Specifically, we have assembled quorum-quenching capsules consisting of an alginate inner core and an enzyme "decorated" chitosan shell that are shown to preclude bacterial QS crosstalk, minimizing QS mediated behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa K Rhoads
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research (IBBR), University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Pricila Hauk
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research (IBBR), University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Valerie Gupta
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Michelle L Bookstaver
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Kristina Stephens
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research (IBBR), University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Gregory F Payne
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research (IBBR), University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - William E Bentley
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research (IBBR), University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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9
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Liu Y, Li J, Tschirhart T, Terrell JL, Kim E, Tsao C, Kelly DL, Bentley WE, Payne GF. Connecting Biology to Electronics: Molecular Communication via Redox Modality. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 29045017 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Biology and electronics are both expert at for accessing, analyzing, and responding to information. Biology uses ions, small molecules, and macromolecules to receive, analyze, store, and transmit information, whereas electronic devices receive input in the form of electromagnetic radiation, process the information using electrons, and then transmit output as electromagnetic waves. Generating the capabilities to connect biology-electronic modalities offers exciting opportunities to shape the future of biosensors, point-of-care medicine, and wearable/implantable devices. Redox reactions offer unique opportunities for bio-device communication that spans the molecular modalities of biology and electrical modality of devices. Here, an approach to search for redox information through an interactive electrochemical probing that is analogous to sonar is adopted. The capabilities of this approach to access global chemical information as well as information of specific redox-active chemical entities are illustrated using recent examples. An example of the use of synthetic biology to recognize external molecular information, process this information through intracellular signal transduction pathways, and generate output responses that can be detected by electrical modalities is also provided. Finally, exciting results in the use of redox reactions to actuate biology are provided to illustrate that synthetic biology offers the potential to guide biological response through electrical cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research and Fischell Department of Bioengineering University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA
| | - Jinyang Li
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research and Fischell Department of Bioengineering University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA
| | - Tanya Tschirhart
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research and Fischell Department of Bioengineering University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA
| | - Jessica L. Terrell
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research and Fischell Department of Bioengineering University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA
| | - Eunkyoung Kim
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research and Fischell Department of Bioengineering University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA
| | - Chen‐Yu Tsao
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research and Fischell Department of Bioengineering University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA
| | - Deanna L. Kelly
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21228 USA
| | - William E. Bentley
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research and Fischell Department of Bioengineering University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA
| | - Gregory F. Payne
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research and Fischell Department of Bioengineering University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA
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10
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Rhoads MK, Hauk P, Terrell J, Tsao CY, Oh H, Raghavan SR, Mansy SS, Payne GF, Bentley WE. Incorporating LsrK AI-2 quorum quenching capability in a functionalized biopolymer capsule. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017; 115:278-289. [PMID: 28782813 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Antibacterial resistance is an issue of increasing severity as current antibiotics are losing their effectiveness and fewer antibiotics are being developed. New methods for combating bacterial virulence are required. Modulating molecular communication among bacteria can alter phenotype, including attachment to epithelia, biofilm formation, and even toxin production. Intercepting and modulating communication networks provide a means to attenuate virulence without directly interacting with the bacteria of interest. In this work, we target communication mediated by the quorum sensing (QS) bacterial autoinducer-2, AI-2. We have assembled a capsule of biological polymers alginate and chitosan, attached an AI-2 processing kinase, LsrK, and provided substrate, ATP, for enzymatic alteration of AI-2 in culture fluids. Correspondingly, AI-2 mediated QS activity is diminished. All components of this system are "biofabricated"-they are biologically derived and their assembly is accomplished using biological means. Initially, component quantities and kinetics were tested as assembled in microtiter plates. Subsequently, the identical components and assembly means were used to create the "artificial cell" capsules. The functionalized capsules, when introduced into populations of bacteria, alter the dynamics of the AI-2 bacterial communication, attenuating QS activated phenotypes. We envision the assembly of these and other capsules or similar materials, as means to alter QS activity in a biologically compatible manner and in many environments, including in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa K Rhoads
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research (IBBR), University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland.,Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Pricila Hauk
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research (IBBR), University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland.,Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Jessica Terrell
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research (IBBR), University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland.,Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Chen-Yu Tsao
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research (IBBR), University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland.,Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Hyuntaek Oh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Srinivasa R Raghavan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Sheref S Mansy
- CIBIO-Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Gregory F Payne
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research (IBBR), University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland.,Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - William E Bentley
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research (IBBR), University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland.,Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
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11
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Bhokisham N, Liu Y, Pakhchanian H, Payne GF, Bentley WE. A Facile Two-Step Enzymatic Approach for Conjugating Proteins to Polysaccharide Chitosan at an Electrode Interface. Cell Mol Bioeng 2016; 10:134-142. [PMID: 31719855 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-016-0472-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological components are integrated with electronic devices to create microsystems with novel functions and chitosan, a naturally occurring biopolymer, can play a significant role as an interface material. Chitosan can be electrodeposited within confined geometries by cathodic charge and appropriate electrode design and proteins can be conjugated to chitosan. However, conjugation chemistries can be slow and chitosan, a polycationic polysaccharide, enables non-specific binding in biofabrication processes. There is a need to speed up the assembly process and reduce non-specific binding. Here, we have developed a two-step methodology that accelerates protein assembly, reduces background and increases specificity. We first "coated" the surface of chitosan with a Lys-Tyr-Lys (KYK) tripeptide in a slow step using tyrosinase-mediated conjugation chemistry and then conjugated proteins with C-terminal glutamine-tags to the saturating KYK tripeptide via transglutaminase. As a demonstration, we assembled a functioning two-enzyme bacterial metabolic pathway on an electrode chip. Results indicated a fivefold decrease in non-specific binding and an improvement in signal to noise ratio from 0.3 to 20. This transglutaminase-mediated approach is simple and quick, it requires no chemical reagents, no printing or stamping devices; it employs biological components and is biologically benign to the component parts-all characteristics of biofabricated devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendranath Bhokisham
- 1Biological Sciences Graduate Program - College of Computer, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, 4066 Campus Drive, College Park, MD 20742 USA
- 2Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, 5115 Plant Science and Landscape Architecture Building, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Yi Liu
- 2Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, 5115 Plant Science and Landscape Architecture Building, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Haig Pakhchanian
- 3Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Room 3122, Jeong H. Kim Engineering Building (Bldg. #225), College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Gregory F Payne
- 2Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, 5115 Plant Science and Landscape Architecture Building, College Park, MD 20742 USA
- 3Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Room 3122, Jeong H. Kim Engineering Building (Bldg. #225), College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - William E Bentley
- 2Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, 5115 Plant Science and Landscape Architecture Building, College Park, MD 20742 USA
- 3Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Room 3122, Jeong H. Kim Engineering Building (Bldg. #225), College Park, MD 20742 USA
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12
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Wu H, Quan DN, Tsao C, Liu Y, Terrell JL, Luo X, Yang J, Payne GF, Bentley WE. Conferring biological activity to native spider silk: A biofunctionalized protein‐based microfiber. Biotechnol Bioeng 2016; 114:83-95. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan‐Chen Wu
- Department of Biochemical Science and TechnologyNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei CityTaiwan
| | - David N. Quan
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology ResearchUniversity of MarylandCollege Park 20742Maryland
| | - Chen‐Yu Tsao
- Fischell Department of BioengineeringUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMaryland
| | - Yi Liu
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology ResearchUniversity of MarylandCollege Park 20742Maryland
| | | | - Xiaolong Luo
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringCatholic University of AmericaWashingtonDistrict of Columbia
| | - Jen‐Chang Yang
- School of Dental TechnologyTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Gregory F. Payne
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology ResearchUniversity of MarylandCollege Park 20742Maryland
- Fischell Department of BioengineeringUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMaryland
| | - William E. Bentley
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology ResearchUniversity of MarylandCollege Park 20742Maryland
- Fischell Department of BioengineeringUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMaryland
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Kuo YC, Wu HC, Hoang D, Bentley WE, D'Souza WD, Raghavan SR. Colloidal Properties of Nanoerythrosomes Derived from Bovine Red Blood Cells. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:171-179. [PMID: 26684218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b03014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes are nanoscale containers that are typically synthesized from lipids using a high-shear process such as extrusion or sonication. While liposomes are extensively used in drug delivery, they do suffer from certain problems including limited colloidal stability and short circulation times in the body. As an alternative to liposomes, we explore a class of container structures derived from erythrocytes (red blood cells). The procedure involves emptying the inner contents of these cells (specifically hemoglobin) and resuspending the empty structures in buffer, followed by sonication. The resulting structures are termed nanoerythrosomes (NERs), i.e., they are membrane-covered nanoscale containers, much like liposomes. Cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) are employed for the first time to study these NERs. The results reveal that the NERs are discrete spheres (∼110 nm diameter) with a unilamellar membrane of thickness ∼4.5 nm. Remarkably, the biconcave disc-like shape of erythrocytes is also exhibited by the NERs under hypertonic conditions. Moreover, unlike typical liposomes, NERs show excellent colloidal stability in both buffer as well as in serum at room temperature, and are also able to withstand freeze-thaw cycling. We have explored the potential for using NERs as colloidal vehicles for targeted delivery. Much like conventional liposomes, NER membranes can be decorated with fluorescent or other markers, solutes can be encapsulated in the cores of the NERs, and NERs can be targeted to specifically bind to mammalian cells. Our study shows that NERs are a promising and versatile class of nanostructures. NERs that are harvested from a patient's own blood and reconfigured for nanomedicine can potentially offer several benefits including biocompatibility, minimization of immune response, and extended circulation time in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Chia Kuo
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Hsuan-Chen Wu
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Dao Hoang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - William E Bentley
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Warren D D'Souza
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Srinivasa R Raghavan
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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14
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Wang L, Liu L, Wu L, Liu L, Wang X, Yang S, Zhao H. Environmentally responsive amino acid-bioconjugated dynamic covalent copolymer as a versatile scaffold for conjugation. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra00192g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A tyrosine-conjugated biodynamer with thermo/pH-responsive and adaptive features is constructed and modified by tyrosine-click reaction and HRP-mediated oxidative coupling reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
| | - Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
| | - Libin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
| | - Lingzhi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
| | - Xiaobei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
| | - Shixia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
| | - Hanying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
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15
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Chitosan to Connect Biology to Electronics: Fabricating the Bio-Device Interface and Communicating Across This Interface. Polymers (Basel) 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/polym7010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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16
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Gordonov T, Kim E, Cheng Y, Ben-Yoav H, Ghodssi R, Rubloff G, Yin JJ, Payne GF, Bentley WE. Electronic modulation of biochemical signal generation. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 9:605-10. [PMID: 25064394 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2014.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Microelectronic devices that contain biological components are typically used to interrogate biology rather than control biological function. Patterned assemblies of proteins and cells have, however, been used for in vitro metabolic engineering, where coordinated biochemical pathways allow cell metabolism to be characterized and potentially controlled on a chip. Such devices form part of technologies that attempt to recreate animal and human physiological functions on a chip and could be used to revolutionize drug development. These ambitious goals will, however, require new biofabrication methodologies that help connect microelectronics and biological systems and yield new approaches to device assembly and communication. Here, we report the electrically mediated assembly, interrogation and control of a multi-domain fusion protein that produces a bacterial signalling molecule. The biological system can be electrically tuned using a natural redox molecule, and its biochemical response is shown to provide the signalling cues to drive bacterial population behaviour. We show that the biochemical output of the system correlates with the electrical input charge, which suggests that electrical inputs could be used to control complex on-chip biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Gordonov
- 1] Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA [2] Institute for Bioscience &Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Eunkyoung Kim
- Institute for Bioscience &Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Yi Cheng
- 1] Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA [2] Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Hadar Ben-Yoav
- 1] Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA [2] Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Reza Ghodssi
- 1] Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA [2] Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Gary Rubloff
- 1] Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA [2] Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Jun-Jie Yin
- Division of Analytical Chemistry, Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA
| | - Gregory F Payne
- 1] Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA [2] Institute for Bioscience &Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - William E Bentley
- 1] Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA [2] Institute for Bioscience &Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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17
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Gordonov T, Liba B, Terrell JL, Cheng Y, Luo X, Payne GF, Bentley WE. Bridging the bio-electronic interface with biofabrication. J Vis Exp 2012:e4231. [PMID: 22710498 DOI: 10.3791/4231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Advancements in lab-on-a-chip technology promise to revolutionize both research and medicine through lower costs, better sensitivity, portability, and higher throughput. The incorporation of biological components onto biological microelectromechanical systems (bioMEMS) has shown great potential for achieving these goals. Microfabricated electronic chips allow for micrometer-scale features as well as an electrical connection for sensing and actuation. Functional biological components give the system the capacity for specific detection of analytes, enzymatic functions, and whole-cell capabilities. Standard microfabrication processes and bio-analytical techniques have been successfully utilized for decades in the computer and biological industries, respectively. Their combination and interfacing in a lab-on-a-chip environment, however, brings forth new challenges. There is a call for techniques that can build an interface between the electrode and biological component that is mild and is easy to fabricate and pattern. Biofabrication, described here, is one such approach that has shown great promise for its easy-to-assemble incorporation of biological components with versatility in the on-chip functions that are enabled. Biofabrication uses biological materials and biological mechanisms (self-assembly, enzymatic assembly) for bottom-up hierarchical assembly. While our labs have demonstrated these concepts in many formats, here we demonstrate the assembly process based on electrodeposition followed by multiple applications of signal-based interactions. The assembly process consists of the electrodeposition of biocompatible stimuli-responsive polymer films on electrodes and their subsequent functionalization with biological components such as DNA, enzymes, or live cells. Electrodeposition takes advantage of the pH gradient created at the surface of a biased electrode from the electrolysis of water. Chitosan and alginate are stimuli-responsive biological polymers that can be triggered to self-assemble into hydrogel films in response to imposed electrical signals. The thickness of these hydrogels is determined by the extent to which the pH gradient extends from the electrode. This can be modified using varying current densities and deposition times. This protocol will describe how chitosan films are deposited and functionalized by covalently attaching biological components to the abundant primary amine groups present on the film through either enzymatic or electrochemical methods. Alginate films and their entrapment of live cells will also be addressed. Finally, the utility of biofabrication is demonstrated through examples of signal-based interaction, including chemical-to-electrical, cell-to-cell, and also enzyme-to-cell signal transmission. Both the electrodeposition and functionalization can be performed under near-physiological conditions without the need for reagents and thus spare labile biological components from harsh conditions. Additionally, both chitosan and alginate have long been used for biologically-relevant purposes. Overall, biofabrication, a rapid technique that can be simply performed on a benchtop, can be used for creating micron scale patterns of functional biological components on electrodes and can be used for a variety of lab-on-a-chip applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Gordonov
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, USA
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18
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Luo X, Wu HC, Tsao CY, Cheng Y, Betz J, Payne GF, Rubloff GW, Bentley WE. Biofabrication of stratified biofilm mimics for observation and control of bacterial signaling. Biomaterials 2012; 33:5136-43. [PMID: 22507453 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Signaling between cells guides biological phenotype. Communications between individual cells, clusters of cells and populations exist in complex networks that, in sum, guide behavior. There are few experimental approaches that enable high content interrogation of individual and multicellular behaviors at length and time scales commensurate with the signal molecules and cells themselves. Here we present "biofabrication" in microfluidics as one approach that enables in-situ organization of living cells in microenvironments with spatiotemporal control and programmability. We construct bacterial biofilm mimics that offer detailed understanding and subsequent control of population-based quorum sensing (QS) behaviors in a manner decoupled from cell number. Our approach reveals signaling patterns among bacterial cells within a single biofilm as well as behaviors that are coordinated between two communicating biofilms. We envision versatile use of this biofabrication strategy for cell-cell interaction studies and small molecule drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Luo
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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19
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Terrell JL, Gordonov T, Cheng Y, Wu HC, Sampey D, Luo X, Tsao CY, Ghodssi R, Rubloff GW, Payne GF, Bentley WE. Integrated biofabrication for electro-addressed in-film bioprocessing. Biotechnol J 2012; 7:428-39. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201100181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Revised: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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20
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Ayyadurai N, Prabhu NS, Deepankumar K, Jang YJ, Chitrapriya N, Song E, Lee N, Kim SK, Kim BG, Soundrarajan N, Lee S, Cha HJ, Budisa N, Yun H. Bioconjugation of l-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine Containing Protein with a Polysaccharide. Bioconjug Chem 2011; 22:551-5. [DOI: 10.1021/bc2000066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Eunjung Song
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nahum Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Byung-Gee Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Sungu Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Hyung Joon Cha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Nediljko Budisa
- Department of Biocatalysis, Technische Universität Berlin, Germany
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21
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Biofabrication with Biopolymers and Enzymes: Potential for Constructing Scaffolds from Soft Matter. Int J Artif Organs 2011; 34:215-24. [DOI: 10.5301/ijao.2011.6406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Regenerative medicine will benefit from technologies capable of fabricating soft matter to have appropriate architectures and that provide the necessary physical, chemical and biological cues to recruit cells and guide their development. The goal of this report is to review an emerging set of biofabrication techniques and suggest how these techniques could be applied for the fabrication of scaffolds for tissue engineering. Methods Electrical potentials are applied to submerged electrodes to perform cathodic and anodic reactions that direct stimuli-responsive film-forming polysaccharides to assemble into hydrogel films. Standard methods are used to microfabricate electrode surfaces to allow the electrical signals to be applied with spatial and temporal control. The enzymes mushroom tyrosinase and microbial transglutaminase are used to catalyze macromolecular grafting and crosslinking of proteins. Results Electrodeposition of the polysaccharides chitosan and alginate allow hydrogel films to be formed in response to localized electrical signals. Co-deposition of various components (e.g., proteins, vesicles and cells), and subsequent electrochemical processing allow the physical, chemical and biological activities of these films to be tailored. Enzymatic processing allows for the generation of stimuli-responsive protein conjugates that can also be directed to assemble in response to imposed electrical signals. Further, enzyme-catalyzed crosslinking of gelatin allows replica molding of soft matter to create hydrogel films with topological structure. Conclusions Biofabrication with biological materials and mechanisms provides new approaches for soft matter construction. These methods may enable the formation of tissue engineering scaffolds with appropriate architectures, assembled cells, and spatially organized physical, chemical and biological cues.
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Minamihata K, Goto M, Kamiya N. Site-Specific Protein Cross-Linking by Peroxidase-Catalyzed Activation of a Tyrosine-Containing Peptide Tag. Bioconjug Chem 2010; 22:74-81. [DOI: 10.1021/bc1003982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Minamihata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, and Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University
| | - Masahiro Goto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, and Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University
| | - Noriho Kamiya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, and Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University
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Hebert CG, Gupta A, Fernandes R, Tsao CY, Valdes JJ, Bentley WE. Biological nanofactories target and activate epithelial cell surfaces for modulating bacterial quorum sensing and interspecies signaling. ACS NANO 2010; 4:6923-6931. [PMID: 21028779 DOI: 10.1021/nn1013066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In order to control the behavior of bacteria present at the surface of human epithelial cells, we have created a biological "nanofactory" construct that "coats" the epithelial cells and "activates" the surface to produce the bacterial quorum sensing signaling molecule, autoinducer-2 (AI-2). Specifically, we demonstrate directed modulation of signaling among Escherichia coli cells grown over the surface of human epithelial (Caco-2) cells through site-directed attachment of biological nanofactories. These "factories" comprise a fusion protein expressed and purified from E. coli containing two AI-2 bacterial synthases (Pfs and LuxS), a protein G IgG binding domain, and affinity ligands for purification. The final factory is fabricated ex vivo by incubating with an anti-CD26 antibody that binds the fusion protein and specifically targets the CD26 dipeptidyl peptidase found on the outer surface of Caco-2 cells. This is the first report of the intentional "in vitro" synthesis of bacterial autoinducers at the surface of epithelial cells for the redirection of quorum sensing behaviors of bacteria. We envision tools such as this will be useful for interrogating, interpreting, and disrupting signaling events associated with the microbiome localized in human intestine and other environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin G Hebert
- Center for Biosystems Research, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, 5115 Plant Science Building, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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Koev ST, Dykstra PH, Luo X, Rubloff GW, Bentley WE, Payne GF, Ghodssi R. Chitosan: an integrative biomaterial for lab-on-a-chip devices. LAB ON A CHIP 2010; 10:3026-3042. [PMID: 20877781 DOI: 10.1039/c0lc00047g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan is a naturally derived polymer with applications in a variety of industrial and biomedical fields. Recently, it has emerged as a promising material for biological functionalization of microelectromechanical systems (bioMEMS). Due to its unique chemical properties and film forming ability, chitosan serves as a matrix for the assembly of biomolecules, cells, nanoparticles, and other substances. The addition of these components to bioMEMS devices enables them to perform functions such as specific biorecognition, enzymatic catalysis, and controlled drug release. The chitosan film can be integrated in the device by several methods compatible with standard microfabrication technology, including solution casting, spin casting, electrodeposition, and nanoimprinting. This article surveys the usage of chitosan in bioMEMS to date. We discuss the common methods for fabrication, modification, and characterization of chitosan films, and we review a number of demonstrated chitosan-based microdevices. We also highlight the advantages of chitosan over some other functionalization materials for micro-scale devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Koev
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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Liu Y, Kim E, Ghodssi R, Rubloff GW, Culver JN, Bentley WE, Payne GF. Biofabrication to build the biology–device interface. Biofabrication 2010; 2:022002. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5082/2/2/022002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Luo X, Berlin DL, Betz J, Payne GF, Bentley WE, Rubloff GW. In situ generation of pH gradients in microfluidic devices for biofabrication of freestanding, semi-permeable chitosan membranes. LAB ON A CHIP 2010; 10:59-65. [PMID: 20024051 DOI: 10.1039/b916548g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We report the in situ generation of pH gradients in microfluidic devices for biofabrication of freestanding, semi-permeable chitosan membranes. The pH-stimuli-responsive polysaccharide chitosan was enlisted to form a freestanding hydrophilic membrane structure in microfluidic networks where pH gradients are generated at the converging interface between a slightly acidic chitosan solution and a slightly basic buffer solution. A simple and effective pumping strategy was devised to realize a stable flow interface thereby generating a stable, well-controlled and localized pH gradient. Chitosan molecules were deprotonated at the flow interface, causing gelation and solidification of a freestanding chitosan membrane from a nucleation point at the junction of two converging flow streams to an anchoring point where the two flow streams diverge to two output channels. The fabricated chitosan membranes were about 30-60 microm thick and uniform throughout the flow interface inside the microchannels. A T-shaped membrane formed by sequentially fabricating orthogonal membranes demonstrates flexibility of the assembly process. The membranes are permeable to aqueous solutions and are removed by mildly acidic solutions. Permeability tests suggested that the membrane pore size was a few nanometres, i.e., the size range of antibodies. Building on the widely reported use of chitosan as a soft interconnect for biological components and microfabricated devices and the broad applications of membrane functionalities in microsystems, we believe that the facile, rapid biofabrication of freestanding chitosan membranes can be applied to many biochemical, bioanalytical, biosensing applications and cellular studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Luo
- University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute (UMBI), University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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