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Youn KI, Lee JW, Song Y, Lee SY, Song KH. Development of Cell Culture Platforms for Study of Trabecular Meshwork Cells and Glaucoma Development. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2024:10.1007/s13770-024-00640-6. [PMID: 38642251 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-024-00640-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various cell culture platforms that could display native environmental cue-mimicking stimuli were developed, and effects of environmental cues on cell behaviors were studied with the cell culture platforms. Likewise, various cell culture platforms mimicking native trabecular meshwork (TM) composed of juxtacanalicular, corneoscleral and uveal meshwork located in internal scleral sulcus were used to study effects of environmental cues and/or drug treatments on TM cells and glaucoma development. Glaucoma is a disease that could cause blindness, and cause of glaucoma is not clearly identified yet. It appears that aqueous humor (AH) outflow resistance increased by damages on pathway of AH outflow can elevate intraocular pressure (IOP). These overall possibly contribute to development of glaucoma. METHODS For the study of glaucoma, static and dynamic cell culture platforms were developed. Particularly, the dynamic platforms exploiting AH outflow-mimicking perfusion or increased IOP-mimicking increased pressure were used to study how perfusion or increased pressure could affect TM cells. Overall, potential mechanisms of glaucoma development, TM structures and compositions, TM cell culture platform types and researches on TM cells and glaucoma development with the platforms were described in this review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION This will be useful to improve researches on TM cells and develop enhanced therapies targeting glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kook In Youn
- Department of Nano-Bioengineering, Incheon National University, 119, Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Woo Lee
- Department of Nano-Bioengineering, Incheon National University, 119, Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjun Song
- Department of Nano-Bioengineering, Incheon National University, 119, Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yeop Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 363 Dongbaekjukjeon-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16995, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kwang Hoon Song
- Department of Nano-Bioengineering, Incheon National University, 119, Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea.
- Research Center of Brain-Machine Interface, Incheon National University, 119, Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea.
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Ghosh S, Herberg S. ECM biomaterials for modeling of outflow cell biology in health and disease. BIOMATERIALS AND BIOSYSTEMS 2024; 13:100091. [PMID: 38528909 PMCID: PMC10961487 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbiosy.2024.100091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This review highlights the importance of extracellular matrix (ECM) biomaterials in understanding the biology of human trabecular meshwork (TM) and Schlemm's canal (SC) cells under normal and simulated glaucoma-like conditions. We provide an overview of recent progress in the development and application of state-of-the-art 3D ECM biomaterials including cell-derived ECM, ECM scaffolds, Matrigel, and ECM hydrogels for studies of TM and SC cell (patho)biology. Such bioengineered platforms enable accurate and reliable modeling of tissue-like cell-cell and cell-ECM interactions. They bridge the gap between conventional 2D approaches and in vivo/ex vivo models, and have the potential to aid in the identification of the causal mechanism(s) for outflow dysfunction in ocular hypertensive glaucoma. We discuss each model's benefits and limitations, and close with an outlook on future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Ghosh
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Samuel Herberg
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
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3
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Faralli JA, Filla MS, Yang YF, Sun YY, Johns K, Keller KE, Peters DM. Digital spatial profiling of segmental outflow regions in trabecular meshwork reveals a role for ADAM15. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298802. [PMID: 38394161 PMCID: PMC10889904 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study we used a spatial transcriptomics approach to identify genes specifically associated with either high or low outflow regions in the trabecular meshwork (TM) that could potentially affect aqueous humor outflow in vivo. High and low outflow regions were identified and isolated from organ cultured human anterior segments perfused with fluorescently-labeled 200 nm FluoSpheres. The NanoString GeoMx Digital Spatial Profiler (DSP) platform was then used to identified genes in the paraffin embedded tissue sections from within those regions. These transcriptome analyses revealed that 16 genes were statistically upregulated in high outflow regions and 57 genes were statistically downregulated in high outflow regions when compared to low outflow regions. Gene ontology enrichment analysis indicated that the top three biological categories of these differentially expressed genes were ECM/cell adhesion, signal transduction, and transcription. The ECM/cell adhesion genes that showed the largest differential expression (Log2FC ±1.5) were ADAM15, BGN, LDB3, and CRKL. ADAM15, which is a metalloproteinase that can bind integrins, was upregulated in high outflow regions, while the proteoglycan BGN and two genes associated with integrin signaling (LDB3, and CRKL) were downregulated. Immunolabeling studies supported the differential expression of ADAM15 and showed that it was specifically upregulated in high outflow regions along the inner wall of Schlemm's canal and in the juxtacanalicular (JCT) region of the TM. In addition to these genes, the studies showed that genes for decorin, a small leucine-rich proteoglycan, and the α8 integrin subunit were enriched in high outflow regions. These studies identify several novel genes that could be involved in segmental outflow, thus demonstrating that digital spatial profiling could be a useful approach for understanding segmental flow through the TM. Furthermore, this study suggests that changes in the expression of genes involved in regulating the activity and/or organization of the ECM and integrins in the TM are likely to be key players in segmental outflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Faralli
- Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Mark S. Filla
- Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Yong-Feng Yang
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Ying Ying Sun
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Kassidy Johns
- Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Kate E. Keller
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Donna M. Peters
- Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
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4
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Buffault J, Brignole-Baudouin F, Labbé A, Baudouin C. An Overview of Current Glaucomatous Trabecular Meshwork Models. Curr Eye Res 2023; 48:1089-1099. [PMID: 37661784 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2023.2253378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To provide an overview of the existing alternative models for studying trabecular meshwork (TM). METHODS Literature review. RESULTS The TM is a complex tissue that regulates aqueous humor outflow from the eye. Dysfunction of the TM is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of open-angle glaucoma, a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. The TM is a porous structure composed of trabecular meshwork cells (TMC) within a multi-layered extracellular matrix (ECM). Although dysregulation of the outflow throughout the TM represents the first step in the disease process, the underlying mechanisms of TM degeneration associate cell loss and accumulation of ECM, but remain incompletely understood, and drugs targeting the TM are limited. Therefore, experimental models of glaucomatous trabeculopathy are necessary for preclinical screening, to advance research on this disease's pathophysiology, and to develop new therapeutic strategies targeting the TM. Traditional animal models have been used extensively, albeit with inherent limitations, including ethical concerns and limited translatability to humans. Consequently, there has been an increasing focus on developing alternative in vitro models to study the TM. Recent advancements in three-dimensional cell culture and tissue engineering are still in their early stages and do not yet fully reflect the complexity of the outflow pathway. However, they have shown promise in reducing reliance on animal experimentation in certain aspects of glaucoma research. CONCLUSION This review provides an overview of the existing alternative models for studying TM and their potential for advancing research on the pathophysiology of open-angle glaucoma and developing new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Buffault
- Department of Ophthalmology III, Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital, IHU Foresight, Paris, France
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, IHU Foresight, Paris, France
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ambroise Paré Hospital, APHP, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Françoise Brignole-Baudouin
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, IHU Foresight, Paris, France
- Department of Biology, Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital, IHU Foresight, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Labbé
- Department of Ophthalmology III, Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital, IHU Foresight, Paris, France
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, IHU Foresight, Paris, France
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ambroise Paré Hospital, APHP, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Christophe Baudouin
- Department of Ophthalmology III, Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital, IHU Foresight, Paris, France
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, IHU Foresight, Paris, France
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Fowler MJ, Riley CO, Tomasson E, Mehta S, Grande-Allen J, Ballester L, Sandberg DI, Janssen CF, Sirianni RW. Engineering subarachnoid trabeculae with electrospun poly(caprolactone) (PCL) scaffolds to study leptomeningeal metastasis in medulloblastoma. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 155:213646. [PMID: 37918168 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) occurs when cancer cells infiltrate the subarachnoid space (SAS) and metastasize to the fibrous structures that surround the brain and spinal cord. These structures include the leptomeninges (i.e., the pia mater and arachnoid mater), as well as subarachnoid trabeculae, which are collagen-rich fibers that provide mechanical structure for the SAS, support resident cells, and mediate flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Although there is a strong expectation that the presence of fibers within the SAS influences LM to be a major driver of tumor progression and lethality, exactly how trabecular architecture relates to the process of metastasis in cancer is poorly understood. This lack of understanding is likely due in part to the difficulty of accessing and manipulating this tissue compartment in vivo. Here, we utilized electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) to produce structures bearing remarkable morphological similarity to native SAS fiber architecture. First, we profiled the native architecture of leptomeningeal and trabecular fibers collected from rhesus macaque monkeys, evaluating both qualitative and quantitative differences in fiber ultrastructure for various regions of the CNS. We then varied electrospinning parameters to produce a small library of PCL scaffolds possessing distinct architectures mimicking the range of fiber properties observed in vivo. For proof of concept, we studied the metastasis-related behaviors of human pediatric medulloblastoma cells cultured in different fiber microenvironments. These studies demonstrated that a more open, porous fiber structure facilitates DAOY cell spread across and infiltration into the meningeal mimic. Our results present a new tissue engineered model of the subarachnoid space and affirm the expectation that fiber architecture plays an important role in mediating metastasis-related behaviors in an in vitro model of pediatric medulloblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha J Fowler
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, United States of America; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Colin O Riley
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America
| | - Erik Tomasson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Shail Mehta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Jane Grande-Allen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Leomar Ballester
- Department of Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, United States of America
| | - David I Sandberg
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, United States of America; Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School/UTHealth and Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, United States of America
| | | | - Rachael W Sirianni
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, United States of America; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States of America; Department of Neurological Surgery, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America.
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Bikuna-Izagirre M, Aldazabal J, Extramiana L, Moreno-Montañés J, Carnero E, Paredes J. Nanofibrous PCL-Based Human Trabecular Meshwork for Aqueous Humor Outflow Studies. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:6333-6344. [PMID: 37725561 PMCID: PMC10646841 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Primary open-angle glaucoma is characterized by the progressive degeneration of the optic nerve, with the high intraocular pressure (IOP) being one of the main risk factors. The human trabecular meshwork (HTM), specifically the juxtacanalicular tissue (JCT), is responsible for placing resistance to the aqueous humor (AH) outflow and the resulting IOP control. Currently, the lack of a proper in vitro JCT model and the complexity of three-dimensional models impede advances in understanding the relationship between AH outflow and HTM degeneration. Therefore, we design an in vitro JCT model using a polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibrous scaffold, which supports cells to recapitulate the functional JCT morphology and allow the study of outflow physiology. Mechanical and morphological characterizations of the electrospun membranes were performed, and human trabecular meshwork cells were seeded over the scaffolds. The engineered JCT was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and immunochemistry assays staining HTM cell markers and proteins. A pressure-sensitive perfusion system was constructed and used for the investigation of the outflow facility of the polymeric scaffold treated with dexamethasone (a glucocorticoid) and netarsudil (a novel IOP lowering the rho inhibitor). Cells in the in vitro model exhibited an HTM-like morphology, expression of myocilin, fibronectin, and collagen IV, genetic expression, outflow characteristics, and drug responsiveness. Altogether, the present work develops an in vitro JCT model to better understand HTM cell biology and the relationship between the AH outflow and the HTM and allow further drug screening of pharmacological agents that affect the trabecular outflow facility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bikuna-Izagirre
- University
of Navarra, TECNUN School of Engineering, Manuel Lardizabal 13, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- University
of Navarra, Biomedical Engineering Center, Campus Universitario, 31080 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier Aldazabal
- University
of Navarra, TECNUN School of Engineering, Manuel Lardizabal 13, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- University
of Navarra, Biomedical Engineering Center, Campus Universitario, 31080 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra
Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, C/Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Leire Extramiana
- Departamento
de Oftalmología Clínica, Clínica
Universidad de Navarra, Avenida Pio XII, 31080 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier Moreno-Montañés
- Departamento
de Oftalmología Clínica, Clínica
Universidad de Navarra, Avenida Pio XII, 31080 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Elena Carnero
- Departamento
de Oftalmología Clínica, Clínica
Universidad de Navarra, Avenida Pio XII, 31080 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jacobo Paredes
- University
of Navarra, TECNUN School of Engineering, Manuel Lardizabal 13, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- University
of Navarra, Biomedical Engineering Center, Campus Universitario, 31080 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra
Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, C/Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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7
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Bhakthaganesh K, Manumuraleekrishna, Vanathi M, Ahmed S, Gupta N, Tandon R. Mucopolysaccharidosis. Taiwan J Ophthalmol 2023; 13:443-450. [PMID: 38249505 PMCID: PMC10798394 DOI: 10.4103/tjo.tjo-d-23-00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis are group of inherited metabolic diseases caused by the absence or malfunctioning of lysosomal enzymes resulting in accumulation of glycosaminoglycans. Over time this accumulation damages cells, tissues, and organs. There are seven types of MPS and 13 subtypes that are associated with multiple organ systems, such as the respiratory, liver, spleen, central nervous systems, arteries, skeletons, eyes, joints, ears, skin, and/or teeth. The various types share some common ocular features that differ in terms of the severity of the affection. Visual loss in MPS patients is varied and can be due to corneal clouding, glaucoma, retinopathy, and optic neuropathy. The primary focus of this review is on changes in the cornea and anterior segment in MPS patients, including clinical and novel investigative modalities, current surgical management, effects of systemic therapy like hematopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCT)and enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), as well as significant research developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kusumitha Bhakthaganesh
- Cornea and Ocular Surface, Cataract and Refractive Services, Dr. R P Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Manumuraleekrishna
- Cornea and Ocular Surface, Cataract and Refractive Services, Dr. R P Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Murugesan Vanathi
- Cornea and Ocular Surface, Cataract and Refractive Services, Dr. R P Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shifa Ahmed
- Cornea and Ocular Surface, Cataract and Refractive Services, Dr. R P Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Noopur Gupta
- Cornea and Ocular Surface, Cataract and Refractive Services, Dr. R P Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Radhika Tandon
- Cornea and Ocular Surface, Cataract and Refractive Services, Dr. R P Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Crouch DJ, Sheridan CM, Behnsen JG, D’Sa RA, Bosworth LA. Cryo-Electrospinning Generates Highly Porous Fiber Scaffolds Which Improves Trabecular Meshwork Cell Infiltration. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:490. [PMID: 37888155 PMCID: PMC10607045 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14100490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Human trabecular meshwork is a sieve-like tissue with large pores, which plays a vital role in aqueous humor outflow. Dysfunction of this tissue can occur, which leads to glaucoma and permanent vision loss. Replacement of trabecular meshwork with a tissue-engineered device is the ultimate objective. This study aimed to create a biomimetic structure of trabecular meshwork using electrospinning. Conventional electrospinning was compared to cryogenic electrospinning, the latter being an adaptation of conventional electrospinning whereby dry ice is incorporated in the fiber collector system. The dry ice causes ice crystals to form in-between the fibers, increasing the inter-fiber spacing, which is retained following sublimation. Structural characterization demonstrated cryo-scaffolds to have closer recapitulation of the trabecular meshwork, in terms of pore size, porosity, and thickness. The attachment of a healthy, human trabecular meshwork cell line (NTM5) to the scaffold was not influenced by the fabrication method. The main objective was to assess cell infiltration. Cryo-scaffolds supported cell penetration deep within their structure after seven days, whereas cells remained on the outer surface for conventional scaffolds. This study demonstrates the suitability of cryogenic electrospinning for the close recapitulation of trabecular meshwork and its potential as a 3D in vitro model and, in time, a tissue-engineered device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devon J. Crouch
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK; (D.J.C.); (C.M.S.)
| | - Carl M. Sheridan
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK; (D.J.C.); (C.M.S.)
| | - Julia G. Behnsen
- Department of Mechanical, Materials, and Aerospace Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 6GB, UK;
| | - Raechelle A. D’Sa
- School of Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GH, UK;
| | - Lucy A. Bosworth
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK; (D.J.C.); (C.M.S.)
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9
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Beardslee LA, Halman JR, Unser AM, Xie Y, Danias J, Bergkvist M, Sharfstein ST, Torrejon KY. Recreating the Trabecular Outflow Tissue on Implantable, Micropatterned, Ultrathin, Porous Polycaprolactone Scaffolds. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:679. [PMID: 37370610 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10060679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma, where increased intraocular pressure (IOP) leads to damage to the optic nerve and loss of sight, is amongst the foremost causes of irreversible blindness worldwide. In primary open angle glaucoma, the increased IOP is a result of the malfunctioning human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cells' inability to properly regulate the outflow of aqueous humor from the eye. A potential future treatment for glaucoma is to replace damaged HTM cells with a tissue-engineered substitute, thus restoring proper fluid outflow. Polycaprolactone (PCL) is a versatile, biodegradable, and implantable material that is widely used for cell culture and tissue engineering. In this work, PCL scaffolds were lithographically fabricated using a sacrificial process to produce submicron-thick scaffolds with openings of specific sizes and shapes (e.g., grid, hexagonal pattern). The HTM cell growth on gelatin-coated PCL scaffolds was assessed by scanning electron microscopy, tetrazolium metabolic activity assay, and cytoskeletal organization of F-actin. Expression of HTM-specific markers and ECM deposition were assessed by immunocytochemistry and qPCR analysis. Gelatin-coated, micropatterned, ultrathin, porous PCL scaffolds with a grid pattern supported proper HTM cell growth, cytoskeleton organization, HTM-marker expression, and ECM deposition, demonstrating the feasibility of using these PCL scaffolds to tissue-engineer implantable, healthy ocular outflow tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke A Beardslee
- Colleges of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, 257 Fuller Road, Albany, NY 12203, USA
| | - Justin R Halman
- Colleges of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, 257 Fuller Road, Albany, NY 12203, USA
| | - Andrea M Unser
- Department of Ophthalmology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clackson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Yubing Xie
- Colleges of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, 257 Fuller Road, Albany, NY 12203, USA
| | - John Danias
- Department of Ophthalmology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clackson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Magnus Bergkvist
- Colleges of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, 257 Fuller Road, Albany, NY 12203, USA
| | - Susan T Sharfstein
- Colleges of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, 257 Fuller Road, Albany, NY 12203, USA
| | - Karen Y Torrejon
- Colleges of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, 257 Fuller Road, Albany, NY 12203, USA
- Glauconix Biosciences Inc., 251 Fuller Road, Albany, NY 12203, USA
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10
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Adhikari B, Stager MA, Krebs MD. Cell-instructive biomaterials in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. J Biomed Mater Res A 2023; 111:660-681. [PMID: 36779265 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
The field of biomaterials aims to improve regenerative outcomes or scientific understanding for a wide range of tissue types and ailments. Biomaterials can be fabricated from natural or synthetic sources and display a plethora of mechanical, electrical, and geometrical properties dependent on their desired application. To date, most biomaterial systems designed for eventual translation to the clinic rely on soluble signaling moieties, such as growth factors, to elicit a specific cellular response. However, these soluble factors are often limited by high cost, convoluted synthesis, low stability, and difficulty in regulation, making the translation of these biomaterials systems to clinical or commercial applications a long and arduous process. In response to this, significant effort has been dedicated to researching cell-directive biomaterials which can signal for specific cell behavior in the absence of soluble factors. Cells of all tissue types have been shown to be innately in tune with their microenvironment, which is a biological phenomenon that can be exploited by researchers to design materials that direct cell behavior based on their intrinsic characteristics. This review will focus on recent developments in biomaterials that direct cell behavior using biomaterial properties such as charge, peptide presentation, and micro- or nano-geometry. These next generation biomaterials could offer significant strides in the development of clinically relevant medical devices which improve our understanding of the cellular microenvironment and enhance patient care in a variety of ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikram Adhikari
- Quantitative Biosciences and Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - Michael A Stager
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - Melissa D Krebs
- Quantitative Biosciences and Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
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11
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Zhu W, Zhang X, Wu S, Wang N, Kuehn MH. iPSCs-Based Therapy for Trabecular Meshwork. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2023; 281:277-300. [PMID: 37495850 DOI: 10.1007/164_2023_671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The trabecular meshwork (TM) of the eye serves as an essential tissue in controlling aqueous humor (AH) outflow and intraocular pressure (IOP) homeostasis. However, dysfunctional TM cells and/or decreased TM cellularity is become a critical pathogenic cause for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Consequently, it is particularly valuable to investigate TM characteristics, which, in turn, facilitates the development of new treatments for POAG. Since 2006, the advancement in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provides a new tool to (1) model the TM in vitro and (2) regenerate degenerative TM in POAG. In this context, we first summarize the current approaches to induce the differentiation of TM-like cells from iPSCs and compare iPSC-derived TM models to the conventional in vitro TM models. The efficacy of iPSC-derived TM cells for TM regeneration in POAG models is also discussed. Through these approaches, iPSCs are becoming essential tools in glaucoma modeling and for developing personalized treatments for TM regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University & Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shen Wu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital Eye Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ningli Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University & Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital Eye Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Markus H Kuehn
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, USA
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12
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Adhikari B, Osmond MJ, Pantcheva MB, Krebs MD. Glycosaminoglycans Influence Extracellular Matrix of Human Trabecular Meshwork Cells Cultured on 3D Scaffolds. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:5221-5232. [PMID: 36384278 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a multifactorial progressive optic neuropathy characterized by the loss of retinal ganglion cells leading to irreversible blindness. It is the leading cause of global irreversible blindness and is currently affecting over 70 million people. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is considered the only modifiable risk factor and is a target of numerous treatment modalities. Researchers have assigned this elevation of IOP to accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components in the aqueous humor (AH) outflow pathway. The major drainage structure for AH outflow is the trabecular meshwork (TM). The ECM of the TM is important in regulating IOP in both normal and glaucomatous eyes. In this work, we have studied the role of exogeneous glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), glucocorticoids, and culture conditions on the expression of the ECM gene and proteins by human TM (hTM) cells cultured on biomaterial scaffolds. Gene and protein expression levels of elastin, laminin, and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) were evaluated using quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry. Pressure gradient changes in cell-laden scaffolds in perfusion cultures were also monitored. Our findings show that GAGs and dexamethasone play an influencing role in hTM ECM turnover at both transcriptional and translational levels by altering expression levels of elastin, laminin, and MMP-2. Understanding the role of exogeneous factors on hTM cell behavior is helpful in gaining insights on glaucoma pathogenesis and ultimately pivotal in development of novel therapeutics against the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikram Adhikari
- Quantitative Biosciences and Bioengineering, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois St., Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Matthew J Osmond
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois St., Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Mina B Pantcheva
- Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 1675 Aurora Ct., Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Melissa D Krebs
- Quantitative Biosciences and Bioengineering, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois St., Golden, Colorado 80401, United States.,Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois St., Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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13
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Bikuna‐Izagirre M, Aldazabal J, Extramiana L, Moreno‐Montañés J, Carnero E, Paredes J. Technological advances in ocular trabecular meshwork in vitro models for glaucoma research. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:2698-2714. [PMID: 35836364 PMCID: PMC9543213 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide and is characterized by the progressive degeneration of the optic nerve. Intraocular pressure (IOP), which is considered to be the main risk factor for glaucoma development, builds up in response to the resistance (resistance to what?) provided by the trabecular meshwork (TM) to aqueous humor (AH) outflow. Although the TM and its relationship to AH outflow have remained at the forefront of scientific interest, researchers remain uncertain regarding which mechanisms drive the deterioration of the TM. Current tissue-engineering fabrication techniques have come up with promising approaches to successfully recreate the TM. Nonetheless, more accurate models are needed to understand the factors that make glaucoma arise. In this review, we provide a chronological evaluation of the technological milestones that have taken place in the field of glaucoma research, and we conduct a comprehensive comparison of available TM fabrication technologies. Additionally, we also discuss AH perfusion platforms, since they are essential for the validation of these scaffolds, as well as pressure-outflow relationship studies and the discovery of new IOP-reduction therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bikuna‐Izagirre
- Tecnun School of EngineeringUniversity of NavarraSan SebastiánSpain
- Biomedical Engineering CenterUniversity of NavarraPamplonaSpain
| | - Javier Aldazabal
- Tecnun School of EngineeringUniversity of NavarraSan SebastiánSpain
- Biomedical Engineering CenterUniversity of NavarraPamplonaSpain
| | - Leire Extramiana
- Departamento de oftalmología ClínicaClínica Universidad de NavarraPamplonaEspaña
| | | | - Elena Carnero
- Departamento de oftalmología ClínicaClínica Universidad de NavarraPamplonaEspaña
| | - Jacobo Paredes
- Tecnun School of EngineeringUniversity of NavarraSan SebastiánSpain
- Biomedical Engineering CenterUniversity of NavarraPamplonaSpain
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14
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Włodarczyk-Biegun MK, Villiou M, Koch M, Muth C, Wang P, Ott J, Del Campo A. Melt Electrowriting of Graded Porous Scaffolds to Mimic the Matrix Structure of the Human Trabecular Meshwork. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:3899-3911. [PMID: 35984428 PMCID: PMC9472227 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The permeability of the human trabecular meshwork (HTM)
regulates
eye pressure via a porosity gradient across its thickness modulated
by stacked layers of matrix fibrils and cells. Changes in HTM porosity
are associated with increases in intraocular pressure and the progress
of diseases such as glaucoma. Engineered HTMs could help to understand
the structure–function relation in natural tissues and lead
to new regenerative solutions. Here, melt electrowriting (MEW) is
explored as a biofabrication technique to produce fibrillar, porous
scaffolds that mimic the multilayer, gradient structure of native
HTM. Poly(caprolactone) constructs with a height of 125–500
μm and fiber diameters of 10–12 μm are printed.
Scaffolds with a tensile modulus between 5.6 and 13 MPa and a static
compression modulus in the range of 6–360 kPa are obtained
by varying the scaffold design, that is, the density and orientation
of the fibers and number of stacked layers. Primary HTM cells attach
to the scaffolds, proliferate, and form a confluent layer within 8–14
days, depending on the scaffold design. High cell viability and cell
morphology close to that in the native tissue are observed. The present
work demonstrates the utility of MEW for reconstructing complex morphological
features of natural tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Villiou
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.,Chemistry Department, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Marcus Koch
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Christina Muth
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Peixi Wang
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.,Chemistry Department, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Jenna Ott
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Aranzazu Del Campo
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.,Chemistry Department, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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15
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Lewczuk K, Jabłońska J, Konopińska J, Mariak Z, Rękas M. Schlemm's canal: the outflow 'vessel'. Acta Ophthalmol 2022; 100:e881-e890. [PMID: 34519170 PMCID: PMC9293138 DOI: 10.1111/aos.15027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In a healthy eye, the aqueous humour (AH) flows via the ciliary body and trabecular meshwork into the collector channels, which carry it to the episcleral veins. In glaucoma, a heterogeneous group of eye disorders affecting approximately 60 million individuals worldwide, the juxtacanalicular meshwork offers greater resistance to the outflow of the AH, leading to an increase in outflow resistance that gradually results in elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). The present review comprehensively covers the morphology of Schlemm’s canal (SC) and AH pathways. The path of the AH from the anterior chamber through the trabeculum into suprascleral and conjunctival veins via collector channels is described, and the role of SC in the development of glaucoma and outflow resistance is discussed. Finally, channelography is presented as a precise method of assessing the conventional drainage pathway and facilitating localization of an uncollapsed collector and aqueous veins. Attention is also given to the relationship between aqueous and episcleral veins and heartbeat. Possible directions of future research are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Lewczuk
- Department of Ophthalmology Military Institute of Medicine Warsaw Poland
| | - Joanna Jabłońska
- Department of Ophthalmology Military Institute of Medicine Warsaw Poland
| | - Joanna Konopińska
- Department of Ophthalmology Medical University in Bialystok Białystok Poland
| | - Zofia Mariak
- Department of Ophthalmology Medical University in Bialystok Białystok Poland
| | - Marek Rękas
- Department of Ophthalmology Military Institute of Medicine Warsaw Poland
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16
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An Optimized Method to Decellularize Human Trabecular Meshwork. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9050194. [PMID: 35621472 PMCID: PMC9137515 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9050194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is linked to raised intraocular pressure (IOP). The trabecular meshwork (TM) plays a major role in regulating IOP by enabling outflow of aqueous humor from the eye through its complex 3D structure. A lack of therapies targeting the dysfunctional TM highlights the need to develop biomimetic scaffolds that provide 3D in vitro models for glaucoma research or as implantable devices to regenerate TM tissue. To artificially mimic the TM’s structure, we assessed methods for its decellularization and outline an optimized protocol for cell removal and structural retention. Using bovine TM, we trialed 2 lysing agents—Trypsin (0.05% v/v) and Ammonium Hydroxide (NH4OH; 2% v/v). Twenty-four hours in Trypsin caused significant structural changes. Shorter exposure (2 h) reduced this disruption whilst decellularizing the tissue (dsDNA 26 ± 14 ng/mL (control 1970 ± 146 ng/mL)). In contrast, NH4OH lysed all cells (dsDNA 25 ± 21 ng/mL), and the TM structure remained intact. For human TM, 2% v/v NH4OH similarly removed cells (dsDNA 52 ± 4 ng/mL (control 1965 ± 233 ng/mL)), and light microscopy and SEM presented no structural damage. X-ray computed tomography enabled a novel 3D reconstruction of decellularized human TM and observation of the tissue’s intricate architecture. This study provides a new, validated method using NH4OH to decellularize delicate human TM without compromising tissue structure.
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17
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Adhikari B, Stinson BS, Osmond MJ, Pantcheva MB, Krebs MD. Photoinduced Gelatin-Methacrylate Scaffolds to Examine the Impact of Extracellular Environment on Trabecular Meshwork Cells. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021; 60:17417-17428. [PMID: 36909833 PMCID: PMC10004349 DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c02828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in the world, currently impacting 80 million people. Patients suffering from primary open-angle glaucoma experience aqueous humor accumulation within the eye causing an increase in intraocular pressure (IOP). The main cause of this rise in IOP is due to poor outflow of aqueous humor through the trabecular meshwork (TM), a tissue composed of collagen and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) embedded with TM cells. The behavior of TM cells is impacted by their microenvironment, and studies conducted on two-dimensional plastic substrates do not necessarily reflect how TM cells would behave in their native setting. Here, we cultured human TM (hTM) cells on 3D biocompatible hydrogels composed of gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) incorporated with the glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) chondroitin sulfate (CS) and hyaluronic acid (HA). Mechanical properties were quantified by storage moduli and viscosity data. Cellular response was measured by quantifying cellular proliferation and expression of an important extracellular matrix protein, fibronectin. We have shown substrate mechanical properties to impact hTM cell proliferation over 2 weeks. It was found that the incorporation of GAGs impacted cell proliferation and fibronectin expression in hTM cells. This work will help elucidate hTM cell response with changes in their microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikram Adhikari
- Department of Quantitative Biosciences and Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Benjamin S Stinson
- Department of Quantitative Biosciences and Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Matthew J Osmond
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Mina B Pantcheva
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Melissa D Krebs
- Department of Quantitative Biosciences and Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States.,Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, 80401, United States
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18
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Lamont HC, Masood I, Grover LM, El Haj AJ, Hill LJ. Fundamental Biomaterial Considerations in the Development of a 3D Model Representative of Primary Open Angle Glaucoma. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:bioengineering8110147. [PMID: 34821713 PMCID: PMC8615171 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8110147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness globally, with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) being the most common subset. Raised intraocular pressure is an important risk factor for POAG and is caused by a reduction in aqueous humour (AqH) outflow due to dysfunctional cellular and matrix dynamics in the eye’s main drainage site, the trabecular meshwork (TM) and Schlemm’s canal (SC). The TM/SC are highly specialised tissues that regulate AqH outflow; however, their exact mechanisms of AqH outflow control are still not fully understood. Emulating physiologically relevant 3D TM/S in vitro models poses challenges to accurately mimic the complex biophysical and biochemical cues that take place in healthy and glaucomatous TM/SC in vivo. With development of such models still in its infancy, there is a clear need for more well-defined approaches that will accurately contrast the two central regions that become dysfunctional in POAG; the juxtacanalicular tissue (JCT) region of the TM and inner wall endothelia of the Schlemm’s canal (eSC). This review will discuss the unique biological and biomechanical characteristics that are thought to influence AqH outflow and POAG progression. Further consideration into fundamental biomaterial attributes for the formation of a biomimetic POAG/AqH outflow model will also be explored for future success in pre-clinical drug discovery and disease translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah C. Lamont
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (H.C.L.); (I.M.)
- School of Chemical Engineering, Healthcare Technologies Institute, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (L.M.G.); (A.J.E.H.)
| | - Imran Masood
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (H.C.L.); (I.M.)
| | - Liam M. Grover
- School of Chemical Engineering, Healthcare Technologies Institute, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (L.M.G.); (A.J.E.H.)
| | - Alicia J. El Haj
- School of Chemical Engineering, Healthcare Technologies Institute, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (L.M.G.); (A.J.E.H.)
| | - Lisa J. Hill
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (H.C.L.); (I.M.)
- Correspondence:
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19
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Kong W, Zhang J, Lu C, Ding Y, Meng Y. Glaucoma in mucopolysaccharidoses. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:312. [PMID: 34266471 PMCID: PMC8281695 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-01935-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidoses are a group of lysosomal storage disorders that are caused by deficiency of enzymes involved in glycosaminoglycans degradation. Due to low prevalence and high childhood mortality, researches on mucopolysaccharidoses were mainly focused on the fatal manifestations. With the development of treatments, more and more mucopolysaccharidoses patients were treated by approved therapies, thereby getting prolonged life span and improved quality of life. Abnormal accumulation of glycosaminoglycans in the eye may block trabecular meshwork, thicken sclera and change mechanical behavior of lamina cribrosa, which, by increasing intraocular pressure and damaging optic nerve, could cause glaucoma. Glaucoma was the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, but it was rarely reported in mucopolysaccharidoses patients. Although non-fatal, it seriously affected quality of life. Prevalence of glaucoma in mucopolysaccharidoses patients (ranged from 2.1 to 12.5%) indicated that glaucoma in patients with mucopolysaccharidoses was worthy of attention and further study, thereby improving the quality of life for MPSs patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijing Kong
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- Beijing Hong Jian Medical Device Company, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Yingxue Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Yan Meng
- Department of Pediatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
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20
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Engineered Skin Substitute Regenerates the Skin with Hair Follicle Formation. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9040400. [PMID: 33917746 PMCID: PMC8068101 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, engineered skin substitutes (ESS) are unable to regenerate cutaneous appendages. Recent studies have shown that skin-derived precursors (SKPs), which are extensively available, have the potential to induce hair follicle neogenesis. Here, we demonstrate that ESS consisting of culture-expanded SKPs and epidermal stem cells (Epi-SCs) reconstitute the skin with hair follicle regeneration after grafting into nude mice. SKPs seeded in a C-GAG matrix proliferated and expressed higher levels of hair induction signature genes—such as Akp2, Sox2, CD133 and Bmp6—compared to dermal fibroblasts. Moreover, when ESS prepared by seeding a mixture of culture-expanded murine SKPs and human adult Epi-SCs into a C-GAG matrix was grafted into full-thickness skin wounds in nude mice, black hairs were generated within 3 weeks. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that the SKPs were localized to the dermal papillae of the newly-formed hair follicle. Our results indicate that SKPs can serve as the hair-inductive cells in ESS to furnish it with hair genesis potential
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21
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Li H, Bagué T, Kirschner A, Strat AN, Roberts H, Weisenthal RW, Patteson AE, Annabi N, Stamer WD, Ganapathy PS, Herberg S. A tissue-engineered human trabecular meshwork hydrogel for advanced glaucoma disease modeling. Exp Eye Res 2021; 205:108472. [PMID: 33516765 PMCID: PMC11097970 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cell function and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling contribute to HTM stiffening in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Most current cellular HTM model systems do not sufficiently replicate the complex native three dimensional (3D) cell-ECM interface, limiting their use for investigating POAG pathology. Tissue-engineered hydrogels are ideally positioned to overcome shortcomings of current models. Here, we report a novel biomimetic HTM hydrogel and test its utility as a POAG disease model. HTM hydrogels were engineered by mixing normal donor-derived HTM cells with collagen type I, elastin-like polypeptide and hyaluronic acid, each containing photoactive functional groups, followed by UV crosslinking. Glaucomatous conditions were induced with dexamethasone (DEX), and effects of the Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y27632 on cytoskeletal organization and tissue-level function, contingent on HTM cell-ECM interactions, were assessed. DEX exposure increased HTM hydrogel contractility, f-actin and alpha smooth muscle actin abundance and rearrangement, ECM remodeling, and fibronectin deposition - all contributing to HTM hydrogel condensation and stiffening consistent with glaucomatous HTM tissue behavior. Y27632 treatment produced precisely the opposite effects and attenuated the DEX-induced pathologic changes, resulting in HTM hydrogel relaxation and softening. For model validation, confirmed glaucomatous HTM (GTM) cells were encapsulated; GTM hydrogels showed increased contractility, fibronectin deposition, and stiffening vs. normal HTM hydrogels despite reduced GTM cell proliferation. We have developed a biomimetic HTM hydrogel model for detailed investigation of 3D cell-ECM interactions under normal and simulated glaucomatous conditions. Its bidirectional responsiveness to pharmacological challenge and rescue suggests promising potential to serve as screening platform for new POAG treatments with focus on HTM biomechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA; BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - Tyler Bagué
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Alexander Kirschner
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Ana N Strat
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Haven Roberts
- Duke Eye Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Robert W Weisenthal
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Alison E Patteson
- BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA; Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - Nasim Annabi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | | | - Preethi S Ganapathy
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA; BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Samuel Herberg
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA; BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA; Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA.
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22
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Konopińska J, Lewczuk K, Jabłońska J, Mariak Z, Rękas M. Microinvasive Glaucoma Surgery: A Review of Schlemm's Canal-Based Procedures. Clin Ophthalmol 2021; 15:1109-1118. [PMID: 33737802 PMCID: PMC7961128 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s293702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microinvasive glaucoma surgery has gained popularity over the past decade. It can be performed using three different mechanisms. In the present review, we focused on Schlemm’s canal (SC)-based surgery, which increases aqueous humor (AH) outflow into the aqueous veins by either removal of the trabecular meshwork (TM) or an increase in the tension in the TM. In primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), the TM is the most likely region for increased AH outflow resistance. Theoretically, removal of the TM can improve the AH outflow; hence, glaucoma specialists focus on microsurgical dissection of the TM. In this review, we analyzed the available literature to examine SC-related microsurgical modalities based on the histopathological proofs of the localization of resistance of the AH outflow. First, we considered the role, anatomy, and physiology of the TM and SC. We referred to studies that describe the mechanisms and potential pathways, related to increased intraocular pressure in the POAG, that are targeted using the SC-related microsurgical interventions. Next, we took a closer look at the gonioscopic tools necessary for an ab-interno approach and explored incision canal surgery: ab-interno trabeculectomy using different instrumentation (Trabectome®, Kahook Dual Blade) and variations of the technique. Thereafter, we discussed ab-interno canaloplasty, explaining the technique and reviewing its effectiveness. Finally, we presented the scope for future research in the field. Although the iStent also targets SC by bypassing it, this device has been reviewed extensively elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Konopińska
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Lewczuk
- Department of Ophthalmology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Jabłońska
- Department of Ophthalmology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zofia Mariak
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Marek Rękas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
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Exploiting biomaterial approaches to manufacture an artificial trabecular meshwork: A progress report. BIOMATERIALS AND BIOSYSTEMS 2021; 1:100011. [PMID: 36825164 PMCID: PMC9934513 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbiosy.2021.100011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is the second leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy in which permanent loss of peripheral vision results from neurodegeneration in the optic nerve head. The trabecular meshwork is responsible for regulating intraocular pressure, which to date, is the only modifiable risk factor associated with the development of glaucoma. Lowering intraocular pressure reduces glaucoma progression and current surgical approaches for glaucoma attempt to reduce outflow resistance through the trabecular meshwork. Many surgical approaches use minimally invasive glaucoma surgeries (MIGS) to control glaucoma. In this progress report, biomaterials currently employed to treat glaucoma, such as MIGS, and the issues associated with them are described. The report also discusses innovative biofabrication approaches that aim to revolutionise glaucoma treatment through tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM). At present, there are very few applications targeted towards TM engineering in vivo, with a great proportion of these biomaterial structures being developed for in vitro model use. This is a consequence of the many anatomical and physiological attributes that must be considered when designing a TERM device for microscopic tissues, such as the trabecular meshwork. Ongoing advancements in TERM research from multi-disciplinary teams should lead to the development of a state-of-the-art device to restore trabecular meshwork function and provide a bio-engineering solution to improve patient outcomes.
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