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Prevalence of HER2 overexpression and amplification in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 161:103339. [PMID: 33865993 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate data on HER2 positivity in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients (ESCC) is lacking. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis (Single Incidence Rates; metarate package, R) to examine the prevalence of HER2 in ESCC. Data on in situ hybridization (ISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were extracted to derive pooled prevalence estimates, characteristics of the studies were extracted for subgroup analysis. Eighteen studies with 1505 patients were identified. HER2 gene amplification by ISH were prevalent in 10 % (95 % CI 6.9 %-15 %). Prevalence of HER2 overexpression (IHC3+) and borderline HER2 expression (IHC2+) were 6 % (95 % CI: 3.5 %-8.7 %) and 10 % (95 % CI: 6.0 %-17 %), respectively. An estimated 8.6 % (95 % CI: 5.5 %-13 %) of ESCC were HER2 positive using initial IHC followed by reflex ISH confirmation of borderline HER2 expression. In conclusion: Estimated prevalence of HER 2 positivity in ESCC were 10 % assessed by ISH and 8.6 % assessed by initial IHC followed by ISH.
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2
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Zhang HP, Li SY, Wang JP, Lin J. Clinical significance and biological roles of cyclins in gastric cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:6673-6685. [PMID: 30349301 PMCID: PMC6186297 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s171716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Cyclins have been reported to be overexpressed with poor prognosis in several human cancers. However, limited numbers of studies evaluated the expressions and prognostic roles of cyclins in gastric cancer (GC). We aim to evaluate the expressions and prognostic roles of cyclins. Also, further efforts were made to explore biological function of the differentially expressed cyclins. Methods Cyclins expressions were analyzed by Oncomine and The Cancer Genome Atlas datasets, and the prognostic roles of cyclins in GC patients were investigated by the Kaplan–Meier Plotter database. Then, a comprehensive PubMed literature search was performed to identify expression and prognosis of cyclins in GC. Biological functions of the differentially expressed cyclins were explored through Enrich R platform, and KEGG and transcription factor were analyzed. Results The expression levels of CCNA2 (cyclin A2), CCNB1 (cyclin B1), CCNB2 (cyclin B2), and CCNE1 (cyclin E1) mRNAs were identified to be significantly higher in GC tissues than in normal tissues in both Oncomine and The Cancer Genome Atlas datasets. High expressions of CCNA2, CCNB1, and CCNB2 mRNAs were identified to be related with poor overall survival in Kaplan–Meier Plotter dataset. Evidence from clinical studies showed that CCNB1 was related with overall survival in GC patients. Cyclins were associated with several biological pathways, including cell cycle, p53 signaling pathway, FoxO signaling pathway, viral carcinogenesis, and AMPK signaling pathway. Enrichment analysis also showed that cyclins interacted with some certain transcription factors, such as FOXM1, SIN3A, NFYA, and E2F4. Conclusion Based on our results, high expressions of cyclins were related with poor prognosis in GC patients. The above information might be useful for better understanding the clinical and biological roles of cyclins mRNA and guiding individualized treatments for GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ping Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan City, Hubei Province 430071, China,
| | - Shu-Yu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan City, Hubei Province 430071, China
| | - Jian-Ping Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan City, Hubei Province 430071, China,
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan City, Hubei Province 430071, China,
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3
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Wu SG, Zhang WW, Sun JY, Li FY, Lin Q, He ZY. Patterns of Distant Metastasis Between Histological Types in Esophageal Cancer. Front Oncol 2018; 8:302. [PMID: 30135855 PMCID: PMC6092597 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Distant metastasis remains the major cause of treatment failure in esophageal cancer, though there have been few large-scale studies of the patterns of distant metastasis in different histological types. We investigated the patterns of distant metastasis in esophageal adenocarcinoma (AC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) using a population-based approach. Methods: Patients with de novo stage IV esophageal cancer at diagnosis were identified using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify potential risk factors for site-specific distant metastasis to the distant lymph nodes, bone, liver, brain, and lung at diagnosis. Results: We identified 1,470 patients with complete data for analysis including 1,096 (74.6%) patients with AC and 374 (25.4%) patients with SCC. A total of 2,243 sites of distant metastasis were observed, the liver was the most common site of distant metastasis (727, 32.4%), followed by the distant lymph nodes (637, 28.4%), lung (459, 20.5%), bone (344, 15.3%), and brain (76, 3.4%). Multivariable logistic regression showed that compared to patients with SCC, patients with AC were more likely to have metastasis to the brain (odds ratio [OR] 3.026, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.441-6.357, p = 0.003) and liver (OR 1.848, 95% CI 1.394–2.451, p < 0.001), and less likely to have metastasis to the lung (OR 0.404, 95% CI 0.316–0.516, p < 0.001). Histological type had no effect on metastasis to the distant lymph nodes or bone. Conclusions: Patients with esophageal AC are more likely to present with liver and brain metastases, and less likely to present with lung metastasis than patients with esophageal SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- San-Gang Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Xiamen Cancer Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wen-Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Yuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng-Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Xiamen Cancer Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhen-Yu He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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4
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Creemers A, Ebbing EA, Hooijer GK, Stap L, Jibodh-Mulder RA, Gisbertz SS, van Berge Henegouwen MI, van Montfoort ML, Hulshof MC, Krishnadath KK, van Oijen MG, Bijlsma MF, Meijer SL, van Laarhoven HW. The dynamics of HER2 status in esophageal adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 9:26787-26799. [PMID: 29928485 PMCID: PMC6003553 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Trastuzumab, a monoclonal antibody against HER2, has become standard of care for metastatic HER2-overexpressing esophagogastric adenocarcinoma and is currently investigated as (neo)adjuvant treatment option in HER2-positive esophagogastric adenocarcinoma. The HER2 status is commonly determined on archived material of the primary tumor. However, this status may change over the course of treatment or disease progression. The aim of this study was to assess the dynamics of HER2 status in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) in patients with resectable and recurrent disease, and to determine the associations of these changes with clinical outcome. Discordance, defined as any change in HER2 status between matched biopsy and post-neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy resection specimen (N = 170), or between matched resection specimen and recurrence of patients not eligible for curative treatment (N = 61), was determined using the standardized HER2 status scoring system. Clinically relevant positive discordance was defined as a change to HER2 positive status, as this would imply eligibility for HER2-targeted therapy. A difference in HER2 status between biopsy and resection specimen and resection specimen and metachronous recurrence was observed in 2.1% (n = 3) and 3.3% (n = 2) of the paired cases, respectively. Clinically relevant discordance was detected in 1.4% (n = 2) of the resectable patients and 1.6% (n = 1) of the patients with recurrent disease. Patients with HER2-positive status tumors before start of neoadjuvant treatment showed better overall survival, but not statistically significant. No association between HER2 status discordance and survival was found. Clinically relevant HER2 status discordance was observed and in order to prevent under-treatment of patients, the assessment of HER2 status in the metastatic setting should preferably be performed on the most recently developed lesions if the previous HER2 assessment on archival material of the primary tumor was negative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aafke Creemers
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eva A. Ebbing
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit K.J. Hooijer
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lisanne Stap
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rajni A. Jibodh-Mulder
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne S. Gisbertz
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Maurits L. van Montfoort
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten C.C.M. Hulshof
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kausilia K. Krishnadath
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn G.H. van Oijen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten F. Bijlsma
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sybren L. Meijer
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hanneke W.M. van Laarhoven
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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5
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Godoy-Gijón E, Yuste-Chaves M, Santos-Briz Á. BRAF Mutation Status Concordance Between Primary Cutaneous Melanomas and Corresponding Metastases: A Review of the Latest Evidence. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2017; 108:894-901. [PMID: 28711165 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2016.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of B-Raf proto-oncongene (BRAF) mutation and the emergence of targeted therapy marked a turning point in the treatment of melanoma. The study of mutation status concordance between primary tumors and metastases in this cancer has major treatment implications as it facilitates the selection of candidates for targeted therapy. This review analyzes the evidence on the level of mutation status concordance between primary tumors and different types of metastases in cutaneous melanoma and provides an overview of the advantages and disadvantages of the various methods used to detect BRAF mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Godoy-Gijón
- Servicio de Dermatología, Complejo Asistencial de Zamora, Zamora, España.
| | - M Yuste-Chaves
- Servicio de Dermatología, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, España
| | - Á Santos-Briz
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, España
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6
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Godoy-Gijón E, Yuste-Chaves M, Santos-Briz Á. BRAF Mutation Status Concordance Between Primary Cutaneous Melanomas and Corresponding Metastases: A Review of the Latest Evidence. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adengl.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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7
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Creemers A, Ter Veer E, de Waal L, Lodder P, Hooijer GKJ, van Grieken NCT, Bijlsma MF, Meijer SL, van Oijen MGH, van Laarhoven HWM. Discordance in HER2 Status in Gastro-esophageal Adenocarcinomas: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3135. [PMID: 28600510 PMCID: PMC5466678 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03304-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Trastuzumab combined with chemotherapy is standard of care for HER2 positive advanced gastro-esophageal cancers. The reported prevalence of HER2 discordance between primary tumors and corresponding metastases varies, hampering uniform patient selection for HER2 targeted therapy. This meta-analysis explores the influence of HER2 assessment methods on this discordance and investigates the prevalence of HER2 discordance in gastro-esophageal adenocarcinomas. PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases were searched until January 2016. Differences in discordance rate between strict and broad(er) definitions of HER2 status were assessed using random-effect pair-wise meta-analysis. Random-effect single-arm meta-analyses were performed to assess HER2 discordance and the prevalence of positive and negative conversion. A significantly lower discordance rate in HER2 status between primary tumors and corresponding metastases was observed using a strict vs. broad definition of HER2 status (RR = 0.58, 95%CI 0.41-0.82), with a pooled discordance rate of 6.2% and 12.2%, respectively. Using the strict definition of HER2 assessment pooled overall discordance was 7% (95%CI 5-10%). The lowest discordance rates between primary tumors and corresponding metastasis are observed when using a strict method of HER2 positivity. Treatment outcomes of different studies will be better comparable if selection of eligible patients for HER2 targeted therapy is based on this strict definition.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Creemers
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - E Ter Veer
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L de Waal
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P Lodder
- Department of Methodology and Statistics/Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Warandelaan 2, 5037 AB, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - G K J Hooijer
- Department of Pathology, AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N C T van Grieken
- Department of Pathology, VUMC, De Boelenlaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M F Bijlsma
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S L Meijer
- Department of Pathology, AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M G H van Oijen
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H W M van Laarhoven
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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8
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Pu J, Xu L, Yin X, Zhang B. Intracranial hypertension as the primary symptom of gastric signet-ring cell carcinoma: A case report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e4687. [PMID: 27583897 PMCID: PMC5008581 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000004687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracranial hypertension (IH) is a neurological disorder characterized by increased intracranial pressure. It is a poorly understood syndrome that most commonly manifests nonspecific symptoms such as stroke-like headache, vision changes, nausea, vomiting, and papilledema. IH has been reported in young cancer patients but never in association with gastric signet-ring cell carcinoma. METHODS Here, we discuss the case of an 18-year-old girl with gastric signet-ring cell carcinoma in which IH was the primary symptom accompanied by the even rarer symptom of cutaneous metastases. We also present a review of the relevant literature. The patient experienced frequent headaches, vomiting, and blurred vision but showed no abnormal findings on cranial imaging studies. Further examination showed multiple skin nodules on the abdomen. Then pathological and immunohistochemical examination of gastroscopic specimens and the biopsied subcutaneous nodules were done. RESULTS Pathological and immunohistochemical examination of gastroscopic specimens and the biopsied subcutaneous nodules confirmed gastric signet-ring cell carcinoma with skin metastases. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of gastric signet-ring cell carcinoma primarily presenting IH and accompanied by subcutaneous metastases. This case emphasizes the importance of excluding malignancy from the differential diagnosis of IH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Baorong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Correspondence: Baorong Zhang, Department of Neurology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China (e-mail: )
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9
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Abstract
Background Gastric cancer is the fourth most common cancer worldwide. Surgery in combination with multimodal therapy provides the only curative therapy until now. The importance of targeted therapy became clear over the last few years. Due to the implication of HER2 and angiogenesis-directed targeted therapies major advances in the treatment of gastric cancer could be reached. Nevertheless, benefits in survival remain unsatisfactory and the development of resistance to monoclonal antibodies is arising. Methods A comprehensive and comparative literature research was performed to evaluate the status of HER2 and angiogenesis-directed targeted therapy in gastric cancer. Results Up to now, trastuzumab and ramucirumab are the only agents showing remarkable benefits in the therapy for the patients suffering from gastric cancer. The limitations of targeted therapies in gastric cancer are mainly associated with the development of secondary resistance. Conclusion Addition of targeted therapy in second-line treatment is beneficial when compared with chemotherapy alone. Nevertheless, results in first-line treatment remain modest. Therefore, new therapeutic agents and combinations in the first-line treatment of gastric cancer are urgently needed and remain to be validated in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Jomrich
- Department of Surgery, Gastroesophageal Tumor Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - S F Schoppmann
- Department of Surgery, Gastroesophageal Tumor Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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10
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Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed and the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Surgery combined with multimodal therapy remains the only curative therapy. However, local relapse or distant metastases occur in more than 50% of radically resected patients. Due to molecular therapies, targeting HER2 and angiogenesis, major advances in the treatment of gastric cancer could be achieved. Nevertheless, development of resistance to monoclonal antibodies, such as trastuzumab, is arising. Currently a number of promising new therapeutic are under investigation, combining chemotherapy with newly developed agents to overcome cancer resistance. In this review we report current clinical applications of targeted therapies and overview ongoing trials, investigating the use of monoclonal antibodies in (HER2 positive) gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Jomrich
- a Department of Surgery, Gastroesophageal Tumor Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - S F Schoppmann
- a Department of Surgery, Gastroesophageal Tumor Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
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11
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Dent BM, Ogle LF, O'Donnell RL, Hayes N, Malik U, Curtin NJ, Boddy AV, Plummer ER, Edmondson RJ, Reeves HL, May FEB, Jamieson D. High-resolution imaging for the detection and characterisation of circulating tumour cells from patients with oesophageal, hepatocellular, thyroid and ovarian cancers. Int J Cancer 2015; 138:206-16. [PMID: 26178530 PMCID: PMC4737101 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Interest has increased in the potential role of circulating tumour cells in cancer management. Most cell‐based studies have been designed to determine the number of circulating tumour cells in a given volume of blood. Ability to understand the biology of the cancer cells would increase the clinical potential. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a novel, widely applicable method for detection and characterisation of circulating tumour cells. Cells were imaged with an ImageStreamX imaging flow cytometer which allows detection of expression of multiple biomarkers on each cell and produces high‐resolution images. Depletion of haematopoietic cells was by red cell lysis, leukocyte common antigen CD45 depletion and differential centrifugation. Expression of epithelial cell adhesion molecule, cytokeratins, tumour‐type‐specific biomarkers and CD45 was detected by immunofluorescence. Nuclei were identified with DAPI or DRAQ5 and brightfield images of cells were collected. The method is notable for the dearth of cell damage, recoveries greater than 50%, speed and absence of reliance on the expression of a single biomarker by the tumour cells. The high‐quality images obtained ensure confidence in the specificity of the method. Validation of the methodology on samples from patients with oesophageal, hepatocellular, thyroid and ovarian cancers confirms its utility and specificity. Importantly, this adaptable method is applicable to all tumour types including those of nonepithelial origin. The ability to measure simultaneously the expression of multiple biomarkers will facilitate analysis of the cancer cell biology of individual circulating tumour cells. What's new? Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) are disseminated malignant cells from which biological and therapeutic information may be obtained non‐invasively. Detection of small CTC populations within the large number of normal blood cells is a challenge. This study describes a novel method for the detection and high‐resolution imaging of CTCs. Unlike most other studies, CTC detection is not reliant upon expression of a single biomarker. The method is applicable to all cancers; the authors present preliminary results from four tumour types. The high quality of the images allows biological characterisation of the tumour cells and increases the clinical potential of the approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry M Dent
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Northern Oesophago-Gastric Cancer Unit, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Laura F Ogle
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel L O'Donnell
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Northern Gynaecological Oncology Centre, Gateshead, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Hayes
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Northern Oesophago-Gastric Cancer Unit, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Ujjal Malik
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Northern Centre for Cancer Care, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola J Curtin
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Alan V Boddy
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - E Ruth Plummer
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Northern Centre for Cancer Care, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J Edmondson
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Northern Gynaecological Oncology Centre, Gateshead, United Kingdom
| | - Helen L Reeves
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, The Liver Unit, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Felicity E B May
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - David Jamieson
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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12
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Uzunoglu FG, Koenig AM, Izbicki JR. The potential for targeting HER2 therapeutically in esophageal cancer – a grasp at straws? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2014; 18:1421-6. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2014.956086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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13
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van Hagen P, Biermann K, Boers JE, Stoss O, Sleddens HF, van Lanschot JJB, Dinjens WNM, Rueschoff J, Wijnhoven BPL. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 overexpression and amplification in endoscopic biopsies and resection specimens in esophageal and junctional adenocarcinoma. Dis Esophagus 2014; 28:380-5. [PMID: 24611982 DOI: 10.1111/dote.12204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is overexpressed in a subset of esophageal adenocarcinomas. Frequently, biopsy material is used for evaluation of HER2 status. The aim of the study was to determine if HER2 expression in preoperative endoscopic biopsies is representative for the entire tumor. Preoperative endoscopic biopsies and matched resection specimens were collected from 75 patients who underwent esophagectomy for esophageal adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemical staining (IHC) on HER2 and dual-color in situ hybridization (ISH) were performed. HER2 status was determined by following a clinical algorithm, first determining HER2 overexpression on immunohistochemistry and, when equivocal (2+), determining HER2 amplification on ISH. Seventy-one of 75 (95%) biopsies and 69/75 (92%) resection specimens could be analyzed due to technical failure. HER2 positivity was seen in 18/71 (25%) biopsies and in 15/69 (22%) resection specimens. Overall, HER2 status in the biopsy was concordant with HER2 status in the resection specimen in 94% of cases. Interobserver agreement on IHC scoring for all three observers was 83% in biopsies and 85% in resection specimens. HER2 positivity was detected in 22% of esophageal adenocarcinomas. Although interobserver agreement was moderate, HER2 status of a primary tumor can be reliably determined based on the endoscopically obtained pretreatment biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P van Hagen
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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14
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Gowryshankar A, Nagaraja V, Eslick GD. HER2 status in Barrett's esophagus & esophageal cancer: a meta analysis. J Gastrointest Oncol 2014; 5:25-35. [PMID: 24490040 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2078-6891.2013.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The oncogenic potential of the Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) is well known in the context of breast cancer however; its relationship with the development of Barrett's Esophagus (BE) and Esophageal Cancer (EC) is unclear. The aim of this meta-analysis was to determine the overall prevalence and survival of HER2+ in BE & EC. PATIENTS AND METHODS Several databases were searched including article reference lists. Inclusion criteria required that studies measured HER2 positivity in subjects with BE or EC. RESULTS 33 studies were included in the meta-analysis (10 BE & 23 EC studies). The prevalence of HER2+ was found to be 24% (95% CI: 15-36%) in BE and 26% (95% CI: 19-34%) in EC. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) had a higher ER of 32% (95% CI: 20-48%) in comparison with adenocarcinoma (ADC) with an ER of 21% (95% CI: 14-32%). Sub group analyses showed a high geographical variance, Asia was found to be the highest prevalent area with an ER 42% (95% CI: 22-64%). The difference in survival rate between groups HER2- & HER2+ was found to be 7 months. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight a high prevalence of HER2+ in subjects with adenocarcinoma. HER2+ appears to decrease the survival time of EC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini Gowryshankar
- The Whiteley-Martin Research Centre, The Discipline of Surgery, The University of Sydney, Sydney Medical School, Nepean, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vinayak Nagaraja
- The Whiteley-Martin Research Centre, The Discipline of Surgery, The University of Sydney, Sydney Medical School, Nepean, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Guy D Eslick
- The Whiteley-Martin Research Centre, The Discipline of Surgery, The University of Sydney, Sydney Medical School, Nepean, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
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Chemotherapeutic and targeted strategies for locally advanced and metastatic esophageal cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2014; 8:673-84. [PMID: 23591158 DOI: 10.1097/jto.0b013e31828b5172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION : Esophageal cancer represents a major health care problem worldwide and its prevalence is rapidly increasing. A key challenge in the treatment of both locally advanced and metastatic disease is to improve our understanding of the underlying molecular biology. Herein we discuss the most active chemotherapies and targeted agents for esophageal cancer, and explore potential differences in the disease between Eastern and Western countries. METHODS : We reviewed the literature for trials involving chemotherapy and targeted agents in locally advanced and metastatic disease in the last 20 years. The search was supplemented by a review of the abstracts presented at the annual American Society of Clinical Oncology meetings from 1992 to 2012. RESULTS : Neoadjuvant chemo-radiation followed by surgery remains standard of care for operable disease. Definitive chemo-radiation can be considered for locally advanced squamous cell tumors. Platinum-based combination chemotherapy is preferable in the first-line metastatic setting. Recently, HER2, EGFR, and VEGF-targeted agents have been extensively investigated as single agents or in combination with chemotherapy. Several new targets are being explored. CONCLUSIONS : There have been incremental improvements in our understanding of the molecular biology of esophageal cancer, and ethnic differences between Asian and Western populations are becoming apparent. Next-generation sequencing has failed to demonstrate significant oncogenic drivers; however, the addition of trastuzumab to chemotherapy for HER2-amplified tumors has been validated in the metastatic setting and is undergoing investigation in operable disease. Epigenetic therapeutics may provide additional benefit in future years for this difficult-to-treat disease.
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Nagaraja V, Eslick GD. Advances in biomarkers for esophageal cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2013; 13:1169-1180. [DOI: 10.1586/14737140.2013.844953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
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Schoppmann SF, Alidzanovic L, Schultheis A, Perkmann T, Brostjan C, Birner P. Thrombocytes Correlate with Lymphangiogenesis in Human Esophageal Cancer and Mediate Growth of Lymphatic Endothelial Cells In Vitro. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66941. [PMID: 23840559 PMCID: PMC3694157 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent data provide evidence for an important role of thrombocytes in lymphangiogenesis within human malignant disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of thrombocytes in lymphangiogenesis in human esophageal cancer. Perioperative peripheral blood platelet counts (PBPC) were evaluated retrospectively in 320 patients with esophageal cancer, comprising 184 adenocarcinomas (AC), and 136 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). Data on lymphangiogenesis evaluated by anti-podoplanin immunostaining were available from previous studies, platelets within the tumor tissue were assessed by CD61 immunostaining. For in vitro studies, human lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) were isolated and co-cultured with peripheral blood platelets. Stromal thrombocytic clusters (STC) were evident in 82 samples (25.6%), and vascular thrombocytic clusters (VTC) in 56 (17.5%). STC and VTC were associated with a significantly higher PBPC at investigation of all cases. The presence of STC was associated with higher lymphatic microvessel density (p<0.001), PBPC and STC were associated with lymphovascular invasion of tumor cells in a regression model. The presence of STCs was associated with shorter DFS of all patients (p = 0.036, Breslow test), and VTC with shorter DFS in in SCC (p = 0.025, Breslow test). In cell culture, LEC proliferation was enhanced by co-culture with human platelets in a dose- and time-dependent manner mediated by the release of PDGF-BB and VEGF-C. Platelets play an important role in lymphangiogenesis and lymphovascular invasion in esophageal cancer, influencing prognosis. So the disruption of signaling pathways between platelets, tumor cells and lymphatic endothelium might be of benefit for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian F. Schoppmann
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Gastroesophageal Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lejla Alidzanovic
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Schultheis
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Rudolfsstiftung, Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Perkmann
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Peter Birner
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Gastroesophageal Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
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Li SY. Molecular targets for prediction of prognosis and treatment response in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2012; 20:3488-3493. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v20.i35.3488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, molecular targets for prediction of prognosis and chemotherapy efficacy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) have been increasingly identified, which involve up-regulation of growth signals, down-regulation of inhibitory growth signals, death avoidance, limitless replicative potential, continuous eternal angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. Typical molecular targets include mutant p53, vascular endothelial growth factor, epidermal growth factor receptor, and Ki-67. The clinical value of currently available molecular targets in prediction of prognosis and treatment response in ESCC needs to be further evaluated.
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Phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) correlates with Her-2 status, carbonic anhydrase 9 expression and prognosis in esophageal cancer. Clin Exp Metastasis 2012; 29:615-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s10585-012-9475-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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