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Wang S, Ju C, Chen M, Zhai Q, Cheng C, Zhou W, Xue L, Xu C, Tan X, Dai R. Combining untargeted and targeted metabolomics to reveal the mechanisms of herb pair Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge and Phellodendron chinense C. K. Schneid on benign prostatic hyperplasia. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 334:118539. [PMID: 38986754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge (Ane) and Phellodendron chinense C. K. Schneid (Phe) is classical herb pair in traditional Chinese medicine, commonly used to ameliorate the symptoms of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH). However, the mechanisms underlying this effect are remained indistinct. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to clarify potential therapeutic mechanisms of herb pair on BPH from a metabolic perspective. MATERIALS AND METHODS Testosterone propionate-induced BPH rat model was established, prostatic parameters, histopathology and the levels of serum dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and testosterone (T) were used to evaluate the pharmacological effect of the herb pair on BPH. Subsequently, untargeted metabolomics of prostate tissues samples was performed by UHPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap-MS, followed by multivariate statistical analysis. Targeted metabolomics by UHPLC-QQQ-MS was further utilized to verify and supplement the results of lipids and amino acids found by untargeted metabolomics, clarifying the relationship between disease, herbal pair and metabolism pathway. RESULTS The study found that Ane-Phe could relieve the progression of BPH and regulate metabolic imbalances. The levels of 13 metabolites decreased and 11 increased in prostatic tissues including glycerolphospholipid, arachidonic acid, citric acid and so on, these altered metabolites were primarily associated with TCA cycle, arachidonic acid metabolism, lipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism. Furthermore, targeted metabolomics was fulfilled to further analyze the lipid metabolism disorders, the levels of 5 lipids in serum and 21 in prostatic tissues were changed in the herb pair group compared to the model group, which closely related to glycerophospholipid, sphingolipid and glycerolipid metabolism. Besides, amino acid metabolism may be regulated by activating arginine metabolism pathway. CONCLUSIONS In this study, the combination of untargeted metabolomics and targeted metabolomics was applied to explore therapeutic mechanisms of Ane-Phe on BPH. In summary, Ane-Phe could improve the levels of endogenous metabolites by regulating multiple metabolic pathways and plays a role in energy supply, anti-inflammation and oxidative stress in BPH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxuan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
| | - Caier Ju
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
| | - Meige Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
| | - Qirui Zhai
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
| | - Cheng Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
| | - Wei Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
| | - Lijuan Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
| | - Chenglong Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
| | - Xiaojie Tan
- Yujing Technology Shanghai Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200131, PR China.
| | - Ronghua Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
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Cheng C, Xu C, Zhou W, Xue L, Wang S, Zhai Q, Dai R. Integrated network pharmacology and serum metabonomics analysis to explore the potential mechanism of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge-Phellodendron chinense Schneid herb pair in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 248:116264. [PMID: 38889577 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge-Phellodendron chinense Schneid (AAPC) is one of the most widely accepted herb pairs in Chinese medicine prescription for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). However, the mechanisms underlying the combination of the two herbs for anti-BPH are still not completely clear. To uncover the potential mechanism of the AAPC herb pair in the treatment of BPH, chemical profiling, network pharmacology, serum metabonomics and experimental validation were integrated. UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS was performed to characterize the chemical profiling of the herb pair extract, and network pharmacology was employed to forecast the potential effective components, core targets and key signaling pathways. Then, western blot and RT-PCR experiments were conducted to verify the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway predicted by network pharmacology. Finally, the serum differential metabolites and metabolic pathways were analyzed by serum non-targeted metabonomics, and these results were jointly analyzed by MetScape. 51 chemical components of the AAPC herb pair extract were identified, including phellodendrine, magnoflorine, berberine, mangiferin, anemarsaponin BIII, etc. In network pharmacology, the predicted core targets of these components include AKT1, TNF, EGFR, PTGS2, PIK3CA, etc. The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis indicated that PI3K-Akt, Rap1 and MAPK signaling pathways may play a key role in the AAPC herb pair for the treatment of BPH, and the results of animal experiments demonstrated that the herb pair could significantly inhibit the activation and expression of p-PI3K/PI3K, p-Akt/Akt, p-NF-κB/NF-κB in protein and mRNA levels. Furthermore, 31 serum differential metabolites and three main metabolic pathways were obtained by serum non-targeted metabonomics. And the crucial metabolic pathway of arachidonic acid (AA) was obtained by integrated analysis of network pharmacology and metabonomics results. In conclusion, the AAPC herb pair can improve BPH through inhibiting the activation and expression of the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway and AA metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Chenglong Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Lijuan Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuxuan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Qirui Zhai
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ronghua Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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3
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Wang F, Ma DY, Yang JT, Lyu DF, Gao QH, Li CL, Zhong CF. Mechanisms and Efficacy of Chinese Herbal Medicines in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. Chin J Integr Med 2024:10.1007/s11655-024-3916-0. [PMID: 39190272 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-024-3916-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most common diseases in elderly men, the incidence of which gradually increases with age and leads to lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), which seriously affects the quality of life of patients. Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) are widely used for the treatment of BPH in China and some other countries. To explore the molecular mechanisms of CHMs for BPH, we conducted a review based on peer-reviewed English-language publications in PubMed and Web of Science databases from inception to December 31, 2023. This article primarily reviewed 32 papers on the use of CHMs and its active compounds in the treatment of BPH, covering animal and cell experiments, and identified relevant mechanisms of action. The results suggest that the mechanisms of action of CHMs in treating BPH may involve the regulation of sex hormones, downregulation of cell growth factors, anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects, inhibition of cell proliferation, and promotion of apoptosis. CHMs also exhibit α-blocker-like effects, with the potential to relax urethral smooth muscle and alleviate LUTS. Additionally, we also reviewed 4 clinical trials and meta-analyses of CHMs for the treatment of BPH patients, which provided initial evidence of the safety and effectiveness of CHMs treatment. CHMs treatment for BPH shows advantages as a multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway therapy, which can mitigate the severity of the disease, improve LUTS, and may become a reliable treatment option in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Wang
- Department of Andrology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Dong-Yue Ma
- Department of Andrology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Jiu-Tian Yang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Dong-Fang Lyu
- Department of Andrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Qing-He Gao
- Department of Andrology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Chun-Lei Li
- Faculty of Medicine, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong Province, 276000, China
| | - Chong-Fu Zhong
- Department of Andrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China.
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4
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Fu F, Luo H, Du Y, Chen Y, Tian K, Pan J, Li J, Wang N, Bao R, Jin H, Tong P, Ruan H, Wu C. AR/PCC herb pair inhibits osteoblast pyroptosis to alleviate diabetes-related osteoporosis by activating Nrf2/Keap1 pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:3601-3613. [PMID: 37621124 PMCID: PMC10660633 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a prevalent complication of diabetes, characterized by systemic metabolic impairment of bone mass and microarchitecture, particularly in the spine. Anemarrhenae Rhizoma/Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex (AR/PCC) herb pair has been extensively employed in Traditional Chinese Medicine to manage diabetes; however, its potential to ameliorate diabetic osteoporosis (DOP) has remained obscure. Herein, we explored the protective efficacy of AR/PCC herb pair against DOP using a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced rat diabetic model. Our data showed that AR/PCC could effectively reduce the elevated fasting blood glucose and reverse the osteoporotic phenotype of diabetic rats, resulting in significant improvements in vertebral trabecular area percentage, trabecular thickness and trabecular number, while reducing trabecular separation. Specifically, AR/PCC herb pair improved impaired osteogenesis, nerve ingrowth and angiogenesis. More importantly, it could mitigate the aberrant activation of osteoblast pyroptosis in the vertebral bodies of diabetic rats by reducing increased expressions of Nlrp3, Asc, Caspase1, Gsdmd and IL-1β. Mechanistically, AR/PCC activated antioxidant pathway through the upregulation of the antioxidant response protein Nrf2, while concurrently decreasing its negative feedback regulator Keap1. Collectively, our in vivo findings demonstrate that AR/PCC can inhibit osteoblast pyroptosis and alleviate STZ-induced rat DOP, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent for mitigating DOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangda Fu
- Institute of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine)HangzhouChina
| | - Huan Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yu Du
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yuying Chen
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Kun Tian
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jin Pan
- Department of Architecture, School of ArchitectureChina Academy of ArtHangzhouChina
| | - Jian Li
- Department of OrthopaedicsHangzhou Ninth People's HospitalHangzhouChina
| | - Nani Wang
- Department of MedicineZhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Ronghua Bao
- Hangzhou Fuyang Hospital of TCM Orthopedics and TraumatologyHangzhouChina
| | - Hongting Jin
- Institute of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine)HangzhouChina
| | - Peijian Tong
- Institute of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine)HangzhouChina
| | - Hongfeng Ruan
- Institute of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine)HangzhouChina
| | - Chengliang Wu
- Institute of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine)HangzhouChina
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5
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In vivo and in vitro evidence for growth hormone-like bioactivity of Rhizoma Anemarrhenae extract. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113489. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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6
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Xu P, Lin B, Deng X, He S, Chen N, Wang N. Anti-osteoporosis effects of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma / Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex herb pair and its major active components in diabetic rats and zebrafish. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 293:115269. [PMID: 35398497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Anemarrhenae Rhizoma/Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex (AR/PCC) herb pair has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicines for the treatment of diabetic osteoporosis. However, the anti-diabetic osteoporotic active components of AR/PCC remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the major active ingredients in AR/PCC for its protective effects against bone deterioration induced by diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS The aqueous extracts of AR/PCC with different proportions (AR:PCC = 1:3, 1:2, 1:1, 2:1 and 3:1, w/w) were prepared. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were orally administrated with the AR/PCC extracts. The absorbed phytochemical compounds in serum of diabetic rats were identified by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry method and their contents in the AR/PCC extracts were determined by high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detector-evaporative light scattering detector method. The absorbed compounds in the extracts were considered as the major potential active components in AR/PCC, and their combination was defined as M-AR/PCC. A component-knockout approach was applied to evaluate the contribution of each compound in M-AR/PCC. The larvae and adults of diabetic zebrafish models were then used to evaluated the anti-diabetic osteoporotic performance of the M-AR/PCC. The real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction technique was applied to study the regulation effects of M-AR/PCC on osteogenesis and osteoclastgensis in diabetic zebrafish models. RESULTS The phenotypes of diabetic osteoporosis rats induced by streptozotocin were reversed by the oral administration of AR/PCC extracts with different ratios, as evidenced by the increased bone mineral density, bone volume density, trabecular thickness, trabecular number, and decreased trabecular separation of femoral metaphysis. Seven phytochemical compounds were detected in the serum and their contents in AR/PCC varied dramatically with different proportions, including 1 xanthone glycoside and 6 alkaloids. By using diabetic zebrafish larvae model and compound-knockout strategy, each compound in M-AR/PCC were proved to play an indispensable role in the positive regulatory actions in the bone mass of diabetic zebrafish. Furthermore, the herb pair with a ratio of 1:1 and the related M-AR/PCC showed the best therapeutic effects on diabetic osteoporosis. They showed similar performances on the inhibition of the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity and the promotion of the alkaline phosphatase activity in diabetic adult zebrafish model. The M-AR/PCC treatment could decrease the blood glucose, upregulate the mRNA expression levels of osteoblast-related genes (alp, runx2b and opg) and downregulate the expression of osteoclast-related genes (acp5α, rankl and sost) in streptozotocin-induced zebrafish. CONCLUSION AR/PCC herb pair and its major active components possess potent anti-diabetic osteoporotic effect on streptozotocin-induced in vivo models. The combination of the seven active compounds derived from AR/PCC herbal pair could be a potential agent for protection against osteoporosis associated with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingcui Xu
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310007, China.
| | - Bingfeng Lin
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310007, China.
| | - Xuehui Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311400, China.
| | - Shiwei He
- Zhejiang Science and Technology Project Management and Service Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310007, China.
| | - Ning Chen
- Zhejiang Science and Technology Project Management and Service Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310007, China.
| | - Nani Wang
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310007, China.
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7
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Cao X, Shang Y, Kong W, Jiang S, Liao J, Dai R. Flavonoids derived from Anemarrhenae Rhizoma ameliorate inflammation of benign prostatic hyperplasia via modulating COX/LOX pathways. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 284:114740. [PMID: 34737006 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Flavonoids are the main components of the traditional Chinese medicine Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (dried rhizome of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge.), which has been reported to possess activity against inflammation and tumor. AIM OF STUDY Regulation of the arachidonic acid (AA) cascade through cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) represent the two major pathways to treat inflammatory of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). In this study, Anemarrhenae Rhizoma flavonoids and its main compounds (mangiferin, neomangiferin and isomangiferin) were investigated for effects on AA metabolism. METHODS Ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was used to monitor AA metabolites in BPH rats and in PC-3 cells. COX-2 and 5-LOX protein and mRNA levels were measured by Western blot and qPCR, respectively, along with histopathological assessment of prostate tissues. RESULTS Treatment with flavonoids significantly ameliorated BPH-associated prostate inflammation and inhibited the expression of COX-2 and 5-LOX at the protein and mRNA levels. Quantitative metabolomic analysis of blood plasma showed flavonoids treatment decreased AA levels and its metabolites associated with the COX and LOX pathways. Further exploration of the flavonoid compounds mangiferin, neomangiferin and isomangiferin showed they inhibited AA metabolism to varying degrees in PC-3 cell cultures. CONCLUSION Anemarrhenae Rhizoma flavonoids act to inhibit BPH-related inflammation in vivo and in vitro by targeting AA metabolism and interfering with COX and LOX pathways. The identification of mangiferin, neomangiferin and isomangiferin as anti-inflammatory components suggests flavonoids interventions represent a promising therapeutic approach for BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Ying Shang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Weigui Kong
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Shuqing Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Jun Liao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Ronghua Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
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8
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Wang S, Lee DYW, Shang Y, Liao J, Cao X, Xie L, Zhang T, Liu J, Dai R. The bioactive alkaloids identified from Cortex Phellodendri ameliorate benign prostatic hyperplasia via LOX-5/COX-2 pathways. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 93:153813. [PMID: 34735909 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The bioactive alkaloids identified from Cortex Phellodendri (CP) were highly effective in treating rats with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Specifically, lipoxygenase-5 (LOX-5) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were identified as two primary targets for alleviating inflammation in BPH rats. However, it remains unknown whether the alkaloid components in CP can interact with the two target proteins. PURPOSE To further identify bioactive alkaloids targeting LOX/COX pathways. METHODS An affinity-ultrafiltration mass spectrometry approach was employed to screen dual-target LOX-5/COX-2 ligands from alkaloid extract. The structures of bioactive alkaloids were characterized by high-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of bioactive alkaloids, the expression levels of LOX-5 and COX-2 in BPH model rats were investigated at both protein and mRNA levels. The LOX-5/COX-2 enzymes activity experiments and molecular docking analysis were performed to fully evaluate the interactions between bioactive alkaloids and LOX-5/COX-2. RESULTS After comprehensive analysis, the results showed that bioactive alkaloids could suppress the expression of LOX-5 and COX-2 simultaneously to exert an anti-inflammatory effect on the progression of BPH. In addition, the screened protoberberine, demethyleneberberine was found to exhibit prominent inhibitory activities against both LOX-5 and COX-2 enzymes, palmatine and berberine with moderate inhibitory activities. Molecular docking analysis confirmed that demethyleneberberine could interact well with LOX-5/COX-2. CONCLUSION This study is the first to explore the inhibitory effects of bioactive alkaloids from CP on LOX-5 and COX-2 activities in BPH rats. Our findings demonstrate that the bioactive alkaloids from CP can ameliorate BPH via dual LOX-5/COX-2 pathways, which serves as an efficient approach for the discovery of novel drug leads from natural products with reduced side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - David Yue-Wei Lee
- Mailman Research Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ying Shang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Jun Liao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Xiaotong Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Linlin Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Teng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China.
| | - Jing Liu
- Mailman Research Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Ronghua Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China.
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9
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Liu CS, Hu YN, Luo ZY, Xia T, Chen FL, Tang QF, Tan XM. Comparative pharmacokinetics, intestinal absorption and urinary excretion of six alkaloids from herb pair Phellodendri Chinensis cortex-Atractylodis Rhizoma. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 36:e5254. [PMID: 34605575 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex (PCC) and Atractylodis Rhizoma (AR) are frequently used as herb pair to treat eczema and gout owing to their synergistic effects. Alkaloids are the major ingredients from PCC and the effect of their combination on the in vivo processing of alkaloids remains unclear. In this study, a simple and reliable UPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of six alkaloids in rat plasma was developed. This method was applied to a comparative pharmacokinetic study between PCC and PCC-AR in rats. Effect of AR on absorption of alkaloids was investigated by a single-pass intestinal perfusion study. The effect of AR on urinary excretion of alkaloids was studied. Pharmacokinetic studies showed that the values of rea under the concentration-time curve of phellodendrine, magnoflorine and palmatine were greater in the PCC-AR group than in the PCC group. The intestinal absorptive parameters absorption rate constant and effective permeability of phellodendrine and jatrorrhizine in PCC-AR groups were higher than those in the PCC group. Urinary excretion studies revealed that the excreted amount of alkaloids in the PCC-AR group was lower than that in the PCC group. The results revealed that the combination of PCC and AR improves intestinal absorption of alkaloids and reduces their urinary excretion, which enhances their systemic exposure. This study may explain the synergetic effects of PCC and AR in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Shun Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Nan Hu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Ye Luo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Xia
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei-Long Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Fa Tang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Tan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Zhou W, Dai Y, Meng J, Wang P, Wu Y, Dai L, Zhang M, Yang X, Xu S, Sui F, Huo H. Network pharmacology integrated with molecular docking reveals the common experiment-validated antipyretic mechanism of bitter-cold herbs. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 274:114042. [PMID: 33775806 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Bitter-cold herbs have been used to clearing heat and expelling damp in clinical practice in China for thousands of years. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the common molecular mechanism of bitter-cold herbs through network pharmacology analysis, molecular docking and experimental validation in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS Network pharmacological analysis integrated with molecular docking was employed to identify the active compounds and core action targets of the bitter-cold herbs. Then, the yeast-induced pathological model was established, and the antipyretic effect of the herbs was evaluated by checking rectal temperatures of the mice hourly. Lastly, the protein expression of core targets was examined to reveal the antipyretic mechanism. RESULTS A total of 52 lead compounds from the four bitter-cold herbs, Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex (PCC), Sophorae Flavescentis Radix (SFR), Gentianae Radix Et Rhozima (GRER) and Coptidis Rhizoma (CR), and 248 compounds-related targets were screened out with PTGS2 ranking the first. The results from molecular docking showed that 22 compounds adopted the same orientation as aspirin and had an excellent stability in the active site pocket of PTGS2. Furthermore, these herbs exerted potential therapeutic effects through 38 related pathways. On the other hand, the outcome of animal experiments showed that they could significantly attenuate the yeast-induced mice fever with dose-dependent relationship. Further experimental results demonstrated that administration of yeast suspension raised protein expression of PTGS2 significantly, which was evidently inhibited in the high or low-dose groups of GRER as well as in the low-dose group of SFR (P < 0.01) though a higher expression of PTGS2 was shown in the low-dose group of CR compared with FM group (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The bitter-cold herbs can alleviate fever response and their antipyretic effect may mainly be attributed to regulating the expression of PTGS2 after the formation of ligand-receptor/PTGS2 complexes, and their active compounds might be nominated as antipyretic lead-ligand candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhou
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yifei Dai
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jing Meng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Pengqian Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yin Wu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Li Dai
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xiujuan Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Shujun Xu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Feng Sui
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Hairu Huo
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
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Xie L, Lee DYW, Shang Y, Cao X, Wang S, Liao J, Zhang T, Dai R. Characterization of spirostanol glycosides and furostanol glycosides from anemarrhenae rhizoma as dual targeted inhibitors of 5-lipoxygenase and Cyclooxygenase-2 by employing a combination of affinity ultrafiltration and HPLC/MS. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 77:153284. [PMID: 32707371 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modulation of the arachidonic acid (AA) cascade via 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) represent the two major pathways for treatments of inflammation and pain. The design and development of inhibitors targeting both 5-LOX and COX-2 has gained increasing popularity. As evidenced, 5-LOX and COX-2 dual targeted inhibitors have recently emerged as the front runners of anti-inflammatory drugs with improved efficacy and reduced side effects. Natural products represent a rich resource for the discovery of dual targeted 5-LOX and COX-2 inhibitors. By combining affinity ultrafiltration and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (AUF-LC-MS), an efficient method was developed to identify spirostanol glycosides and furostanol glycosides as the 5-LOX/COX-2 dual inhibitors from saponins extract of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (SEAR). METHODS A highly efficient method by combining affinity ultrafiltration and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (AUF-LC-MS) was first developed to screen and characterize the 5-LOX/COX-2 dual targeted inhibitors from SEAR. The structures of compounds in the ultrafiltrate were characterized by high resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS). In addition, in vitro 5-LOX/COX-2 inhibition assays and their dual expression in vivo were performed to confirm the inhibitory activities of the compounds screened by AUF-LC-MS. Molecular docking studies with the corresponding binding energy were obtained which fit nicely to both 5-LOX and COX-2 protein cavities and in agreement with our affinity studies. RESULTS A total of 5 compounds, timosaponin A-II, timosaponin A-III, timosaponin B-II, timosaponin B-III and anemarrhenasaponin I, were identified as potential 5-LOX/COX-2 dual targeted inhibitors with specific binding values > 1.5 and IC50 ≤ 6.07 μM. CONCLUSION The present work demonstrated that spirostanol glycoside and furostanol glycoside were identified as two novel classes of dual inhibitors of 5-LOX/COX-2 enzymes by employing a highly efficient screening method of AUF-LC-MS. These natural products represent a novel class of anti-inflammatory agents with the potential of improved efficacy and reduced side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - David Yue-Wei Lee
- Mailman Research Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Ying Shang
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiaotong Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jun Liao
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Teng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Ronghua Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Wang S, Huai J, Shang Y, Xie L, Cao X, Liao J, Zhang T, Dai R. Screening for natural inhibitors of 5-lipoxygenase from Zi-shen pill extract by affinity ultrafiltration coupled with ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 254:112733. [PMID: 32145333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Zi-shen pill (ZSP), a traditional Chinese medicine, is widely used for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and has remarkable curative effect. AIM OF THE STUDY To screen the potential 5-Lipoxygenase(5-LOX) inhibitors from ZSP extract. MATERIALS AND METHODS A new approach based on affinity ultrafiltration-ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS) was established and validated. Zileuton and glipizide were chosen as positive and negative control drug, respectively. For better screening result, the concentration of 5-LOX enzyme, incubation temperature and time, pH and ion strength were optimized. In addition, 5-LOX inhibitory assay in vitro and molecular docking technique were used for further verification. RESULTS 20 compounds were characterized in the ultrafiltrate by high resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) and 16 ligands showed binding ability to 5-LOX. Among them, six ligands were deduced as high-potential 5-LOX inhibitors with their high specific binding values (>2.0). The inhibitory activities of anemarrhenasaponin I, timosaponin AI, nyasol and demethyleneberberine were confirmed by the 5-LOX inhibitory assay for validating the reliability of affinity ultrafiltration approach and the computer-simulated molecular docking technique further clarified the possible mechanism of action between the active compounds and the 5-LOX active sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China.
| | - Jiaxin Huai
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China.
| | - Ying Shang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China.
| | - Linlin Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China.
| | - Xiaotong Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China.
| | - Jun Liao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China.
| | - Teng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China.
| | - Ronghua Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China.
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Xin-Di H, Chang-Song D, Hao L, Shi-Wei X, Li-Song L. Research on Herb Pairs of Classical Formulae of ZHANG Zhong-Jing Using Big Data Technology. DIGITAL CHINESE MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dcmed.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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14
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Huai J, Zhao X, Wang S, Xie L, Li Y, Zhang T, Cheng C, Dai R. Characterization and screening of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors from Zi-shen pill by affinity ultrafiltration-ultra performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 241:111900. [PMID: 31029761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Zi-shen pill (ZSP) is a classical Chinese herbal formula used for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). AIM OF THE STUDY To characterize and screen cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors from ZSP extract. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ZSP extract was incubated with COX-2 and the potential ligands were screened out by affinity ultrafiltration. Celecoxib and glipizide were chosen as positive control and negative control drug, respectively. Affinity ultrafiltration-ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) method was used. In addition, in vitro COX-2 inhibitory assay and in silico molecular docking technique were used for further validation. RESULTS A total of 20 components were discovered and identified from ZSP ultrafiltrate by high resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS), among which 8 compounds were deduced as potential COX-2 inhibitors by their high specific binding values (>1.5). Inhibitory activities of demethyleneberberine, palmatine, berberine and timosaponin A-I were confirmed by an enzyme assay of COX-2, which validated the reliability of our approach. Molecular docking simulation investigated potential mechanism of action for these compounds. CONCLUSION The results revealed that affinity ultrafiltration UPLC-MS could successfully screen out the potential COX-2 inhibitors from complex Chinese herbal formula ZSP extract, indicating that its therapeutic effect on BPH was partly based on the enzyme active ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Huai
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiaoning Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Linlin Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yiran Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Teng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Congcong Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ronghua Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
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Han J, Dai M, Zhao Y, Cai E, Zhang L, Jia X, Sun N, Fei X, Shu H. Compatibility effects of ginseng and Ligustrum lucidum Ait herb pair on hematopoietic recovery in mice with cyclophosphamide-induced myelosuppression and its material basis. J Ginseng Res 2019; 44:291-299. [PMID: 32148411 PMCID: PMC7031745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ginseng (G) and Ligustrum lucidum Ait (LLA) are core traditional Chinese medicines in treating myelosuppression formula. The present study was designed to profile effect of G and LLA herb pair (G-LLA) on myelosuppressed mice. Methods The mice myelosuppression model was established by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of cyclophosphamide (Cy). Hematopoietic function of bone marrow was measured by hemopoietic progenitor cell culture and peripheral blood count, and serum hemopoietic factors were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Bone marrow cell cycle was performed by flow cytometry. HPLC was used to measure 20 potential chemical components related to myelosuppression, including ginsenoside Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rc, Rb2, Rb3, Rd, Rk3, Rh4, 20 (S)-Rg3, 20 (R)-Rg3, Rk1, Rg5, salidroside, and so on. Results G, LLA, and G-LLA improved the amount of peripheral blood cells and bone marrow cells of myelosuppressed mice (P < 0.01). They significantly increased the colony quantity of colony-forming unit–granulocyte macrophage, burst-forming unit−erythroid, colony-forming unit−erythroid, and colony-forming unit−megakaryocyte and amount of G2/M and S phase cells (P < 0.01). They also significantly decreased the amount of hematopoiesis-related cytokines (P < 0.01). The content of chemical components in G-LLA changed, and the change of rare saponin was the most obvious. Conclusion These results show that G-LLA herb pair might produce synergistic or complementary compatibility effects on bone marrow suppression after chemotherapy. It suggests that the substance basis of G-LLA for treating bone marrow suppression may be effective chemical components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Han
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Min Dai
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Enbo Cai
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Lianxue Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaohuan Jia
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Nian Sun
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuan Fei
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Hui Shu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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