1
|
Cheng Z, Liang J, Hu Y, Lv Q, Li X, Shen X. Comprehensive evaluation of solvent in dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for determination of itraconazole and hydroxy itraconazole by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. ARAB J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
|
2
|
Akceylan E, Erdemir S, Tabakci M, Sivrikaya A, Tabakci B. Fluorescence switchable sensor enabled by a calix[4]arene-Cu(II) complex system for selective determination of itraconazole in human serum and aqueous solution. Talanta 2022; 250:123742. [PMID: 35858530 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A switchable fluorescence sensor based on a calix (Monapathi et al., 2021) [4]arene:Cu2+ complex (FLCX/Cu) has been developed for the detection of itraconazole (ITZ) with high sensitivity and specificity. For the development of the sensor, the selective complexation of a fluorescent calix (Monapathi et al., 2021) [4]arene derivative (FL-CX) with the Cu2+ ion causing fluorescence quenching was utilized. In addition, the sensor properties of the FLCX/Cu prepared were investigated. For this purpose, various substances (selected anions, cations, and drugs) with which ITZ can be found together were studied in an aqueous solution. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values were determined in the range of 1.00-60.0 μg/L as 3.34 μg/L and 11.1 μg/L for ITZ, respectively. Moreover, the real sample analyses were performed in human serum and tablet form. Furthermore, the effect of some possible serum contents on sensor performance was also studied. All these studies confirmed the development of a simple, precise, accurate, reproducible, highly sensitive, and very stable fluorescence sensor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Akceylan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Selçuk University, Konya, 42130, Turkey
| | - Serkan Erdemir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Selçuk University, Konya, 42130, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Tabakci
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Konya Technical University, Konya, 42250, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Sivrikaya
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Selçuk University, Konya, 42131, Turkey
| | - Begum Tabakci
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Selçuk University, Konya, 42130, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Roshdy A, Elmansi H, Shalan S, El-Brashy A. Factorial design-assisted reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography method for simultaneous determination of fluconazole, itraconazole and terbinafine. R Soc Open Sci 2021; 8:202130. [PMID: 33972882 PMCID: PMC8103232 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.202130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A 23 full factorial design model was used for the development of a new high performance liquid chromatography method with UV detection to estimate three antifungal drugs simultaneously. Fluconazole (FLU), itraconazole (ITR) and terbinafine (TRH) are co-administered for severe fungal infections. They have been determined using MOS-1 Hypersil C18 column and an isocratic eluent; methanol 95% and phosphate buffer 5% with 0.001% triethylamine. The pH was adjusted to 7, and the flow rate was 0.7 ml min-1. The three drugs were separated within less than 7 min at 210 nm. The developed method gave a linear response over 5-80 µg ml-1, 5-50 µg ml-1 and 1-50 µg ml-1 for FLU, ITR and TRH, respectively. It showed detection limits of 0.88, 0.29 and 0.20 µg ml-1 and quantification limits of 2.66, 0.88 and 0.60 µg ml-1 for the three drugs, respectively. The design of the experiment facilitated the optimization of different variables affecting the separation of the three drugs. The sensitivity of the designed method permitted the simultaneous estimation of ITR and TRH in spiked human plasma successfully.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aya Roshdy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta, Egypt
| | - Heba Elmansi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Shereen Shalan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Amina El-Brashy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abdollahi D, Jafariazar Z, Afshar M. Effect of monoterpenes on ex vivo transungual delivery of itraconazole for the management of onychomycosis. J Cosmet Dermatol 2020; 19:2745-2751. [PMID: 32043759 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Onychomycosis, a fungal nail infection, is an important problem as it may cause local pain, paresthesia, difficulties in performing activities of daily life, and impair social interactions. Systemic treatment of onychomycosis presents safety issues due to possible drug-drug interactions and severe side effects. Although topical therapy of onychomycosis is advantageous due to its localized effect, the efficacy of such therapy depends on achieving effective concentrations of antifungal agents at the infection site. An approach to reach to this end would be driving benefit from synergic activity of antifungal agents for example itraconazole and monoterpenes. However, because of low transungual penetration of itraconazole, a molecule with high molecular weight and very low water-solubility, the effect of the latter compounds on itraconazole nail delivery should be investigated, which was the aim of this study. METHODS Ex vivo permeation experiments were carried out through soaking the nail clippings of ten healthy volunteers in control and working solutions containing itraconazole (1 mg mL-1 ) and itraconazole (1 mg mL-1 ) plus 6% of each monoterpene including camphor, eucalyptol, menthol, and thymol, respectively, for 36 hours. The amount of itraconazole in nail clippings was quantified hereafter using a validated HPLC method. RESULTS Statistical analysis showed that itraconazole transungual permeation was not influenced by the studied monoterpenes (P value > .05). CONCLUSION These results provided a new perspective for designing topical dosage forms for the treatment of onychomycosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diba Abdollahi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Jafariazar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Minoo Afshar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bounoua N, Sekkoum K, Belboukhari N, Cheriti A, Aboul-Enein HY. Achiral and chiral separation and analysis of antifungal drugs by HPLC and CE: A comparative study: Mini review. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2016.1174942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Bounoua
- Bioactive Molecules & Chiral Separation Laboratory, University of Bechar, Bechar, Algeria
| | - Khaled Sekkoum
- Bioactive Molecules & Chiral Separation Laboratory, University of Bechar, Bechar, Algeria
| | - Nasser Belboukhari
- Bioactive Molecules & Chiral Separation Laboratory, University of Bechar, Bechar, Algeria
| | - Abdelkrim Cheriti
- Phytochemistry & Organic Synthesis Laboratory, University of Bechar, Bechar, Algeria
| | - Hassan Y. Aboul-Enein
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shalaby A, Hassan WS, Hendawy HA, Ibrahim A. Electrochemical oxidation behavior of itraconazole at different electrodes and its anodic stripping determination in pharmaceuticals and biological fluids. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2015.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
7
|
Giorgi C, Fausto C, Pardini C, Simili M, Del Carratore R, Vaglini F. Effect of itraconazole on mouse mesencephalic neurons. Int J Dev Neurosci 2015; 44:75-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
|
8
|
Liang C, Shan Q, Zhong J, Li W, Zhang X, Wang J, Cao C, Zeng Z. Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of itraconazole oral solution in cats. J Feline Med Surg 2015; 18:310-4. [PMID: 25916686 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x15581408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to describe the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of itraconazole (ITR) oral solution in healthy cats. METHODS The pharmacokinetics of ITR were studied in eight healthy, fasted cats after a single intravenous (IV) and oral (PO) administration at a dose of 5 mg/kg, in a two-period crossover design study. Blood was obtained at predetermined intervals for the determination of ITR concentrations with high-performance liquid chromatography. Pharmacokinetic characterisation was performed by a non-compartmental method using WinNonlin 5.2.1. RESULTS After IV administration, the major pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows (mean ± SD): terminal elimination half-life (T1/2λz ) 15.8 ± 1.88 h; area under the curve from time zero to infinity (AUC0-∞ ) 13.9 ± 3.17 h·μg/ml; total body clearance 0.37 ± 0.08 l/h/kg; apparent volume of distribution 8.51 ± 1.92 l/kg; mean residence time 20.6 ± 3.95 h. After PO administration, the principal pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows (mean ± SD): T1/2λz 15.6 ± 3.20 h; AUC0-∞ 7.94 ± 2.83 h·μg/ml; peak concentration 0.70 ± 0.14 μg/ml; time of peak 1.43 ± 0.53 h. The absolute bioavailability of ITR oral solution after oral administration was 52.1 ± 11.6%. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The disposition of ITR oral solution in cats is characterised by a long terminal half-life, a short peak time and moderate bioavailability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoping Liang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (SCAU), College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Shan
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jialian Zhong
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (SCAU), College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Li
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (SCAU), College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiufeng Zhang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (SCAU), College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Guangzhou Senya Animal's Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changfu Cao
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (SCAU), College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenling Zeng
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (SCAU), College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Barot BS, Parejiya PB, Patel HK, Mehta DM, Shelat PK. Microemulsion-based antifungal gel delivery to nail for the treatment of onychomycosis: formulation, optimization, and efficacy studies. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2012; 2:463-76. [PMID: 25787325 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-012-0109-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Onychomycosis is the most common nail disease affecting nail plate and nail bed. Onychomycosis causes onycholysis which creates cavity between the nail plate and nail bed, where drug formulations could be applied, providing a direct contact of drug with the nail bed facilitating drug delivery on the infected area. The purpose of the present study was to design and evaluate the potential of microemulsion-based gel as colloidal carrier for itraconazole for delivery into onycholytic nails for effective treatment of onychomycosis. Itraconazole-loaded microemulsions were prepared and optimized using D-optimal design. The microemulsion containing 6.24 % oil, 36 % Smix, and 57.76 % water was selected as the optimized batch (MEI). The globule size and drug loading of the optimized batch were 48.2 nm and 12.13 mg/ml, respectively. Diffused reflectance FTIR studies were performed to study drug-excipient incompatibility. Ex vivo permeation studies were carried out using bovine hoof and human cadaver skin as models for nail plate and nail bed, respectively. Microemulsion-based itraconazole gel (MBGI) showed better penetration and retention in human skin as well as bovine hoof as compared to commercial preparation (market formulation, MFI). The cumulative amount of itraconazole permeated from the MBGI after 12 h was 73.39 ± 3.55 μg cm(-2) which was 1.8 times more than MF. MBGI showed significantly higher ex vivo antifungal activity (P < 0.05) against Candida albicans and Trichophyton rubrum when compared to MFI. Stability studies showed that MBGI was stable at refrigeration and room temperature for 3 months. It was concluded that drug-loaded gel could be a promising formulation for effective treatment of onychomycosis.
Collapse
|
10
|
Dwivedi A, Singh B, Sharma S, Lokhandae R, Dubey N. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous determination of itraconazole and hydroxy itraconazole in human plasma. J Pharm Anal 2014; 4:316-324. [PMID: 29403895 PMCID: PMC5761207 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A highly sensitive, selective, and precise ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for simultaneous quantification of itraconazole and hydroxy itraconazole in human plasma by a single liquid-liquid extraction step. The precursor to product ion transitions of m/z 705.3/392.3, m/z 721.2/408.3 and m/z 708.2/435.4 were used to detect and quantify itraconazole, hydroxy itraconazole and itraconazole-d3 respectively. The lower limit of quantitation was found to be 0.500 ng/mL for itraconazole and 1.00 ng/mL for hydroxy itraconazole. The mean recoveries for itraconazole and hydroxy itraconazole were found to be 100.045% and 100.021%, respectively. This developed method with a chromatographic run time of 2.0 min was successfully applied to a bioequivalence study of 100 mg itraconazole capsule.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Dwivedi
- Bioanalytical Department, Jubilant Life Sciences, C-46, Sector 62, Noida 201307, India
| | - Bhupinder Singh
- Bioanalytical Department, Jubilant Life Sciences, C-46, Sector 62, Noida 201307, India
| | - Sandeep Sharma
- Bioanalytical Department, Jubilant Life Sciences, C-46, Sector 62, Noida 201307, India
| | | | - Naveen Dubey
- Bioanalytical Department, Jubilant Life Sciences, C-46, Sector 62, Noida 201307, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to develop and characterize itraconazole (ITZ)-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) and to study their potential for drug delivery into the brain. Precirol® ATO 5 and Transcutol® HP were selected as the lipid phase, and Tween® 80 and Solutol® HS15 as surfactants. The ITZ-NLCs were prepared by a hot and high-pressure homogenization method. The entrapment efficiency for the best formulation batch was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography and was found to be 70.5%±0.6%. The average size, zeta potential, and polydispersity index for the ITZ-NLCs used for animal studies were found to be 313.7±15.3 nm, −18.7±0.30 mV, and 0.562±0.070, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed that ITZ-NLCs were spherical in shape, with a size of less than 200 nm. Differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffractometry analysis showed that ITZ was encapsulated in the lipid matrix and present in the amorphous form. The in vitro release study showed that ITZ-NLCs achieved a sustained release, with cumulative release of 80.6%±5.3% up to 24 hours. An in vivo study showed that ITZ-NLCs could increase the ITZ concentration in the brain by almost twofold. These results suggest that ITZ-NLCs can be exploited as nanocarriers to achieve sustained release and brain-targeted delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Meng Lim
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Yew Beng Kang
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Krüger R, Vogeser M, Burghardt S, Vogelsberger R, Lackner KJ. Impact of glucuronide interferences on therapeutic drug monitoring of posaconazole by tandem mass spectrometry. Clin Chem Lab Med 2010; 48:1723-31. [PMID: 20704538 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2010.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posaconazole is a novel antifungal drug for oral application intended especially for therapy of invasive mycoses. Due to variable gastrointestinal absorption, adverse side effects, and suspected drug-drug interactions, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of posaconazole is recommended. METHOD A fast ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for quantification of posaconazole with a run-time <3 min was developed and compared to a LC-MS/MS method and HPLC method with fluorescence detection. RESULTS During evaluation of UPLC-MS/MS, two earlier eluting peaks were observed in the MRM trace of posaconazole. This was only seen in patient samples, but not in spiked calibrator samples. Comparison with LC-MS/MS disclosed a significant bias with higher concentrations measured by LC-MS/MS, while UPLC-MS/MS showed excellent agreement with the commercially available HPLC method. In the LC-MS/MS procedure, comparably wide and left side shifted peaks were noticed. This could be ascribed to in-source fragmentation of conjugate metabolites during electrospray ionisation. Precursor and product ion scans confirmed the assumption that the additional compounds are posaconazole glucuronides. Reducing the cone voltage led to disappearance of the glucuronide peaks. Slight modification of the LC-MS/MS method enabled separation of the main interference, leading to significantly reduced deviation. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight the necessity to reliably eliminate interference from labile drug metabolites for correct TDM results, either by sufficient separation or selective MS conditions. The presented UPLC-MS/MS method provides a reliable and fast assay for TDM of posaconazole.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Krüger
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jia JY, Lu C, Liu GY, Zhang MQ, Liu YM, Wang W, Weng LP, Li SJ, Yu C. Simultaneous determination of itraconazole and hydroxyitraconazole in human plasma by liquid chromatography-isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry method. Biomed Chromatogr 2010; 24:648-54. [PMID: 19813178 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography-isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for quantification of itraconazole (ITZ) and its active metabolite hydroxyitraconazole (OH-ITZ ) in human plasma. The plasma samples were extracted with tert-butyl methyl ether and two isotope-labeled internal standards (D5-itraconazole and D5-hydroxyitraconazole) were used. The chromatographic separation was performed on a Capcell Pak C(18) MG III (100 x 2 mm, 5 microm, Shiseido). The protonated ions of analytes were detected in positive ionization in multiple reaction monitoring mode. The plasma method has a lower limit of quantification of 1 ng/mL with a linearity range of 1-500 ng/mL for ITZ and OH-ITZ using 100 microL of plasma. The recoveries of the method were found to be 69.47-71.98% for ITZ and 75.68-82.52% for OH-ITZ. The intra- and inter-batch precision was less than 11% for all quality control samples at concentrations of 2.5, 200 and 400 ng/mL. These results indicate that the method was efficient with a short run time (4.5 min) and acceptable accuracy, precision and sensitivity.The validated method was successfully applied to analysis of human plasma samples in pharmacokinetics study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ying Jia
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital,966 Huaihai Middle Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Baietto L, D'Avolio A, Ventimiglia G, De Rosa FG, Siccardi M, Simiele M, Sciandra M, Di Perri G. Development, validation, and routine application of a high-performance liquid chromatography method coupled with a single mass detector for quantification of itraconazole, voriconazole, and posaconazole in human plasma. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010; 54:3408-13. [PMID: 20530230 DOI: 10.1128/AAC.01807-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed and validated a high-performance liquid chromatography method coupled with a mass detector to quantify itraconazole, voriconazole, and posaconazole using quinoxaline as the internal standard. The method involves protein precipitation with acetonitrile. Mean accuracy (percent deviation from the true value) and precision (relative standard deviation percentage) were less than 15%. Mean recovery was more than 80% for all drugs quantified. The lower limit of quantification was 0.031 microg/ml for itraconazole and posaconazole and 0.039 microg/ml for voriconazole. The calibration range tested was from 0.031 to 8 microg/ml for itraconazole and posaconazole and from 0.039 to 10 microg/ml for voriconazole.
Collapse
|
15
|
|
16
|
Shimoeda S, Nakagawa S, Kobayashi H, Yamato S, Kawano K, Ohta S. Clinical Significance of Measuring the Blood Concentration of Itraconazole Oral Solution in the Field of Hematology. Biol Pharm Bull 2010; 33:1861-6. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.33.1861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sadahiko Shimoeda
- Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science
| | - Saori Nakagawa
- Pharmaceutical and Analytical Chemistry, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences
| | - Hikaru Kobayashi
- Clinical Pharmaceutics, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences
| | - Susumu Yamato
- Pharmaceutical and Analytical Chemistry, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences
| | - Kenji Kawano
- First Internal Medicine, Nagano Red Cross Hospital
| | - Shin Ohta
- Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yao M, Srinivas NR. Bioanalytical methods for the determination of itraconazole and hydroxyitraconazole: overview from clinical pharmacology, pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and metabolism perspectives. Biomed Chromatogr 2009; 23:677-91. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
18
|
Hennig S, Waterhouse TH, Bell SC, France M, Wainwright CE, Miller H, Charles BG, Duffull SB. A d-optimal designed population pharmacokinetic study of oral itraconazole in adult cystic fibrosis patients. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2007; 63:438-50. [PMID: 17073891 PMCID: PMC2203246 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2006.02778.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2006] [Accepted: 08/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The primary objective of the study was to estimate the population pharmacokinetic parameters for itraconazole and hydroxy-itraconazole, in particular, the relative oral bioavailability of the capsule compared with solution in adult cystic fibrosis patients, in order to develop new dosing guidelines. A secondary objective was to evaluate the performance of a population optimal design. METHODS The blood sampling times for the population study were optimized previously using POPT v.2.0. The design was based on the administration of solution and capsules to 30 patients in a cross-over study. Prior information suggested that itraconazole is generally well described by a two-compartment disposition model with either linear or saturable elimination. The pharmacokinetics of itraconazole and the metabolite were modelled simultaneously using NONMEM. Dosing schedules were simulated to assess their ability to achieve a trough target concentration of 0.5 mg ml(-1). RESULTS Out of 241 blood samples, 94% were taken within the defined optimal sampling windows. A two-compartment model with first order absorption and elimination best described itraconazole kinetics, with first order metabolism to the hydroxy-metabolite. For itraconazole the absorption rate constants (between-subject variability) for capsule and solution were 0.0315 h(-1) (91.9%) and 0.125 h(-1) (106.3%), respectively, and the relative bioavailability of the capsule was 0.82 (62.3%) (confidence interval 0.36, 1.97), compared with the solution. There was no evidence of nonlinearity. Simulations from the final model showed that a dosing schedule of 500 mg twice daily for both formulations provided the highest chance of target success. CONCLUSION The optimal design performed well and the pharmacokinetics of itraconazole and hydroxy-itraconazole were described adequately by the model. The relative bioavailability for itraconazole capsules was 82% compared with the solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Hennig
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hennig S, Wainwright CE, Bell SC, Miller H, Friberg LE, Charles BG. Population pharmacokinetics of itraconazole and its active metabolite hydroxy-itraconazole in paediatric cystic fibrosis and bone marrow transplant patients. Clin Pharmacokinet 2007; 45:1099-114. [PMID: 17048974 DOI: 10.2165/00003088-200645110-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to characterise the population pharmacokinetic properties of itraconazole and its active metabolite hydroxy-itraconazole in a representative paediatric population of cystic fibrosis and bone marrow transplant (BMT) patients and to identify patient characteristics influencing the pharmacokinetics of itraconazole. The ultimate goals were to determine the relative bioavailability between the two oral formulations (capsules vs oral solution) and to optimise dosing regimens in these patients. METHODS All paediatric patients with cystic fibrosis or patients undergoing BMT at The Royal Children's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, who were prescribed oral itraconazole for the treatment of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (cystic fibrosis patients) or for prophylaxis of any fungal infection (BMT patients) were eligible for the study. Blood samples were taken from the recruited patients as per an empirical sampling design either during hospitalisation or during outpatient clinic visits. Itraconazole and hydroxy-itraconazole plasma concentrations were determined by a validated high-performance liquid chromatography assay with fluorometric detection. A nonlinear mixed-effect modelling approach using the NONMEM software to simultaneously describe the pharmacokinetics of itraconazole and its metabolite. RESULTS A one-compartment model with first-order absorption described the itraconazole data, and the metabolism of the parent drug to hydroxy-itraconazole was described by a first-order rate constant. The metabolite data also showed one-compartment characteristics with linear elimination. For itraconazole the apparent clearance (CL(itraconazole)) was 35.5 L/hour, the apparent volume of distribution (V(d(itraconazole)) was 672 L, the absorption rate constant for the capsule formulation was 0.0901 h(-)(1) and for the oral solution formulation was 0.96 h(-1). The lag time was estimated to be 19.1 minutes and the relative bioavailability between capsules and oral solution (F(rel)) was 0.55. For the metabolite, volume of distribution, V(m)/(F . f(m)), and clearance, CL/(F . f(m)), were 10.6L and 5.28 L/h, respectively. The influence of total bodyweight was significant, added as a covariate on CL(itraconazole)/F and V(d(itraconazole))/F (standardised to a 70 kg person) using allometric three-quarter power scaling on CL(itraconazole)/F, which therefore reflected adult values. The unexplained between-subject variability (coefficient of variation %) was 68.7%, 75.8%, 73.4% and 61.1% for CL(itraconazole)/F, V(d)((itraconazole)())/F, CL(m)/(F . f(m)) and F(rel), respectively. The correlation between random effects of CL(itraconazole) and V(d(itraconazole)) was 0.69. CONCLUSION The developed population pharmacokinetic model adequately described the pharmacokinetics of itraconazole and its active metabolite, hydroxy-itraconazole, in paediatric patients with either cystic fibrosis or undergoing BMT. More appropriate dosing schedules have been developed for the oral solution and the capsules to secure a minimum therapeutic trough plasma concentration of 0.5 mg/L for these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Hennig
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australian.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|