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Hamad AA, Derayea SM. A novel and unusual utility of the cardiosintol drug as a fluoro-prober in the amendment of a highly fluorescent module for determining the non-fluorescent N-acetylcysteine drug. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 293:122460. [PMID: 36780744 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
It is common to use reagents to determine the drugs by exploiting the properties of these reagents in the development of fluorescence of the target drug or sometimes increasing its intensity; this is the usual and predominant in the methods used in various techniques. But using a drug as a reagent to analyze another drug is unique, unusual, and uncommon; that's the idea of this paper. This is possible by creating a chemical modulation in the drug's structure using another drug. Targeted analyte molecules (N-acetylcysteine, as an example) that lack fluorogenic or chromophoric moieties cannot be monitored or evaluated without undergoing structural modification. Thus, the chemical mending of the analyte's molecular structure can achieve the transformational process. This protocoled analytical method generates an amended fluorescence sensation that can be chased fluorimetrically at 441 nm (emission) following excitation at 339 nm. When o-dialdehyde, diformylbenzene, a non-fluorescent moiety, is added to a solution of non-fluorescent analyte in the presence of cardiosintol drug, at a specific pH, the target drug-thiol moiety can be amended into a highly fluorescent compound. This study presented a sensitive and feasible fluorometric test for acetylcysteine. The response is linear throughout the range of 0.05-0.80 µg mL-1. Quantum yield and procedure validation were evaluated according to I.C.H. standards. The formed mutated product was successfully applied to the precise assessment of the studied drug in batch powder and dose form(s), with no impact from excipients. Compared to the referenced publication, the outcomes demonstrate remarkable precision and accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Hamad
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt.
| | - Sayed M Derayea
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519 Minia, Egypt
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2
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Effects of N-Acetylcysteine on the Proliferation, Hormone Secretion Level, and Gene Expression Profiles of Goat Ovarian Granulosa Cells. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122306. [PMID: 36553574 PMCID: PMC9778279 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this paper was to investigate the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on the proliferation, hormone secretion, and mRNA expression profiles of ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) in vitro. A total of 12 ovaries from 6 follicular-stage goats were collected for granulosa cell extraction. The optimum concentration of NAC addition was determined to be 200 μM via the Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK-8) method. Next, GCs were cultured in a medium supplemented with 200 μM NAC (200 μM NAC group) and 0 μ M NAC (control group) for 48 h. The effects of 200 μM NAC on the proliferation of granulosa cells and hormones were studied by 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). mRNA expression was analyzed by transcriptome sequencing. The results indicate that 200 μM NAC significantly increased cell viability and the proportion of cells in the S phase but promoted hormone secretion to a lesser degree. Overall, 122 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. A total of 51 upregulated and 71 downregulated genes were included. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses indicated that the most DEGs were enriched in terms of cell growth regulation, cell growth, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, the cAMP-signaling pathway, and the Wnt-signaling pathway. Seven genes related to granulosa cell proliferation were screened, IGFBP4, HTRA4, SST, SSTR1, WISP1, DAAM2, and RSPO2. The above results provide molecular theoretical support for NAC as a feed additive to improve follicle development and improve reproductive performance in ewes.
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3
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Koriem KM, Selim AY, Mazen RA. N-acetylcysteine-amide improves tissue oxidative stress, DNA damage, and proteins disappearance in methamphetamine toxicity more efficiently than N-acetyl-L-cysteine. TOXICOLOGIE ANALYTIQUE ET CLINIQUE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxac.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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4
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Multiplexed small molecule impurity monitoring in antibody-based therapeutics by mixed-mode chromatography paired with charged aerosol detection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 197:113952. [PMID: 33601156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.113952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
With advanced genetic engineering technologies and better understanding of disease biology, antibody-based therapeutics are emerging as promising new generation biopharmaceuticals. These novel antibody formats are carefully designed to possess desired features such as enhanced selectivity. However, their high level of structural complexity with multiple components often leads to long development and complex multi-step manufacturing processes, through which a variety of potential small molecule impurities can be introduced. In this work, an in-process assay was developed in which mixed-mode chromatography coupled with charged aerosol detection was utilized for multiplexed detection of nine reagents commonly used in development and manufacturing of antibody-based therapeutics: isopropyl β-d-1-thiogalactopyranoside, methionine sulfoximine, ampicillin, guanidine, dehydroascorbic acid, glutathione, tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine, N-acetyl cysteine, and arginine. This method utilized a mixed-mode column with ion-exchange properties operated in the hydrophilic interaction chromatography mode. Various parameters were systematically optimized and under optimal conditions, the method demonstrated excellent specificity, sensitivity, linearity, precision, accuracy, and was successfully applied to determine residual impurities in multiple samples from antibody-derived molecules.
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5
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Self-assembling mertansine prodrug improves tolerability and efficacy of chemotherapy against metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. J Control Release 2020; 318:234-245. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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6
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He R, Zheng W, Ginman T, Ottosson H, Norgren S, Zhao Y, Hassan M. Pharmacokinetic profile of N-acetylcysteine amide and its main metabolite in mice using new analytical method. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 143:105158. [PMID: 31740394 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.105158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
N-acetylcysteine amide (NACA) is the amide derivative of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) that is rapidly converted to NAC after systemic administration. It has emerged as a promising thiol antioxidant for multiple indications; however, the pharmacokinetic property is yet unclear due to lack of an accurate quantification method. The present investigation aimed to develop an analytical method for simultaneous quantification of NACA and NAC in plasma. A new reagent (2-(methylsulfonyl)-5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole, MPOZ) was introduced for thiol stabilization during sample processing and storage. Further, we utilized tris (2-carboxyethyl) phosphine (TCEP) to reduce the oxidized forms of NACA and NAC. After derivatization, NACA-MPOZ and NAC-MPOZ were quantified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The new method was validated and found to have high specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, and recovery for the quantification of NACA and NAC in plasma. Furthermore, the formed derivatives of NACA and NAC were stable for 48 h under different conditions. The method was utilized in pharmacokinetic study which showed that the bioavailability of NACA is significantly higher than NAC (67% and 15%, respectively). The pharmacokinetic of NACA obeyed a two-compartment open model. The glutathione (GSH)-replenishing capacity was found to be three to four-fold higher after the administration of NACA compared to that observed after the administration of NAC. In conclusion, the present method is simple, robust and reproducible, and can be utilized in both experimental and clinical studies. NACA might be considered as a prodrug for NAC. Furthermore, this is the first report describing the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of NACA in mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui He
- Experimental Cancer Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden; Clinical Research Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wenyi Zheng
- Experimental Cancer Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden; Clinical Research Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tobias Ginman
- Sprint Bioscience, Huddinge, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Håkan Ottosson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Svante Norgren
- Children´s and Women´s Health Theme, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ying Zhao
- Experimental Cancer Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden; Clinical Research Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Moustapha Hassan
- Experimental Cancer Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden; Clinical Research Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden.
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7
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Li Q, Zhao Z. Influence of N-acetyl-L-cysteine against bisphenol a on the maturation of mouse oocytes and embryo development: in vitro study. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 20:43. [PMID: 31331389 PMCID: PMC6647297 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-019-0323-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disruptor, is a widely used chemical that has adverse effects on animal development and reproduction. The current research aimed to evaluate the effect of BPA on the in vitro maturation (IVM) and subsequent embryo development of mouse oocytes following in vitro fertilization (IVF). METHODS IVM was performed in the presence of different concentrations (0, 20, 50, or 100 μg/mL) of BPA. Nuclear maturation, IVF efficiency and embryonic development were determined. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) in the BPA (50 μg/mL) group were evaluated. We explored the ability of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) in the IVM medium to rescue the BPA-induced damage by examining changes in nuclear maturation, IVF rate, blastocyst formation, ROS levels and GSH content. RESULTS Compared with the control, BPA (50 μg/mL) supplementation during oocyte IVM significantly inhibited nuclear maturation and decreased fertilization and blastocyst formation rates. In addition, BPA exposure increased ROS levels and decreased GSH content in oocytes. The addition of NAC weakened the BPA-induced suppression of nuclear maturation, relieved the BPA-induced downregulation of the fertilization and blastocyst formation rates, and mitigated the increased ROS levels and decreased GSH content. CONCLUSION BPA affects mouse oocyte maturation and subsequent early embryonic developmental competence following IVF by increasing intracytoplasmic oxidative stress in mature oocytes. NAC can reduce these harmful effects to a certain extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai, China.
| | - Zhenjun Zhao
- College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai, China.
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8
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Application of Butylamine as a Conjugative Reagent to On-Column Derivatization for the Determination of Antioxidant Amino Acids in Brain Tissue, Plasma, and Urine Samples. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133340. [PMID: 31284671 PMCID: PMC6651812 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Antioxidants are involved in body protection mechanisms against reactive oxygen species. Amino acids such as glutathione (GSH) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) are known to be involved in providing protection against oxidative lethality. A quick and simple method for the determination of NAC and GSH in various biological matrices such as urine, plasma, and homogenates of brain tissues has been developed and described in this work. (2) The assay is based on reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography with spectrofluorimetric detection and on-column derivatization. Butylamine and o-phthaldialdehyde have been used as derivatization reagents. Since o-phthaldialdehyde constitutes a part of the mobile phase, the derivatization reaction and chromatographic separation occur simultaneously. (3) Linearity in the detector response for NAC in human urine was observed in the range of 5–200 nmol mL−1, and NAC and GSH in the brain tissue homogenates were observed in the range of 0.5–5 nmol mL−1 and 0.5–15 nmol mL−1, respectively. Human plasma linearity ranges covered 0.25–5.00 nmol mL−1 and 0.5–15 nmol mL−1 for NAC and GSH, respectively. The LODs for NAC and GSH were 0.01 and 0.02 nmol mL−1 while the LOQs were 0.02 and 0.05 nmol mL−1, respectively. The usefulness of the proposed method was proven through its application to real samples.
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9
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Quantitation of free and total N-acetylcysteine amide and its metabolite N-acetylcysteine in human plasma using derivatization and electrospray LC-MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1109:25-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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10
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Renault K, Renard PY, Sabot C. Detection of Biothiols with a Fast-Responsive and Water-Soluble Pyrazolone-Based Fluorogenic Probe. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Renault
- Normandie Univ; CNRS; UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen; COBRA (UMR 6014); 76000 Rouen France
| | - Pierre-Yves Renard
- Normandie Univ; CNRS; UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen; COBRA (UMR 6014); 76000 Rouen France
| | - Cyrille Sabot
- Normandie Univ; CNRS; UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen; COBRA (UMR 6014); 76000 Rouen France
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11
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Beltz J, Pfaff A, Ercal N. Simultaneous determination of tiopronin and its primary metabolite in plasma and ocular tissues by HPLC. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 33:e4375. [PMID: 30176059 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Tiopronin, formally 2-mercaptopropionylglycine (MPG), is currently prescribed to treat cystinuria and rheumatoid arthritis, and its antioxidant properties have led to its investigation as a treatment for cataracts, a condition in which oxidative stress is strongly implicated. To study its accumulation in the eye, a reliable, isocratic HPLC method was developed for the determination of MPG and its primary metabolite 2-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) in plasma and relevant ocular tissues. This method utilizes pre-column derivatization and fluorescence detection. The 3.5 min separation enables high-throughput analysis, and validation experiments demonstrated that this method is suitable for evaluating ocular accumulation of MPG and MPA at concentrations as low as 66 and 33 nm, respectively. Excellent linearity was achieved over the working concentration range with R2 > 0.997. Extraction recovery was reproducible within each matrix and exceeded 97%. Accuracy was within 13.3% relative error, and intra- and inter-day precisions were within 6% CV and 7% CV, respectively. Sample stability was demonstrated under various storage conditions, and the use of an internal standard conferred exceptional ruggedness. This method has been successfully applied for the determination of MPG and MPA in plasma, cornea, lens and retina following intraperitoneal administration of the drug in Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Beltz
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA
| | - Annalise Pfaff
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA
| | - Nuran Ercal
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA
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12
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Kamińska A, Olejarz P, Borowczyk K, Głowacki R, Chwatko G. Simultaneous determination of total homocysteine, cysteine, glutathione, and N
-acetylcysteine in brain homogenates by HPLC. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:3241-3249. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrianna Kamińska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Environmental Chemistry; University of Łódź; Łódź Poland
| | - Patrycja Olejarz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Environmental Chemistry; University of Łódź; Łódź Poland
| | - Kamila Borowczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Environmental Chemistry; University of Łódź; Łódź Poland
| | - Rafał Głowacki
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Environmental Chemistry; University of Łódź; Łódź Poland
| | - Grażyna Chwatko
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Environmental Chemistry; University of Łódź; Łódź Poland
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13
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Renault K, Fredy JW, Renard PY, Sabot C. Covalent Modification of Biomolecules through Maleimide-Based Labeling Strategies. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:2497-2513. [PMID: 29954169 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Since their first use in bioconjugation more than 50 years ago, maleimides have become privileged chemical partners for the site-selective modification of proteins via thio-Michael addition of biothiols and, to a lesser extent, via Diels-Alder (DA) reactions with biocompatible dienes. Prominent examples include immunotoxins and marketed maleimide-based antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) such as Adcetris, which are used in cancer therapies. Among the key factors in the success of these groups is the availability of several maleimides that can be N-functionalized by fluorophores, affinity tags, spin labels, and pharmacophores, as well as their unique reactivities in terms of selectivity and kinetics. However, maleimide conjugate reactions have long been considered irreversible, and only recently have systematic studies regarding their reversibility and stability toward hydrolysis been reported. This review provides an overview of the diverse applications for maleimides in bioconjugation, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses, which are being overcome by recent strategies. Finally, the fluorescence quenching ability of maleimides was leveraged for the preparation of fluorogenic probes, which are mainly used for the specific detection of thiol analytes. A summary of the reported structures, their photophysical features, and their relative efficiencies is discussed in the last part of the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Renault
- Normandie Univ, CNRS, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, COBRA (UMR 6014) , 76000 Rouen , France
| | - Jean Wilfried Fredy
- Normandie Univ, CNRS, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, COBRA (UMR 6014) , 76000 Rouen , France
| | - Pierre-Yves Renard
- Normandie Univ, CNRS, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, COBRA (UMR 6014) , 76000 Rouen , France
| | - Cyrille Sabot
- Normandie Univ, CNRS, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, COBRA (UMR 6014) , 76000 Rouen , France
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14
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Hamdi H, Ben Salem I, Ben Othmène Y, Annabi E, Abid-Essefi S. The involvement of ROS generation on Epoxiconazole-induced toxicity in HCT116 cells. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 148:62-67. [PMID: 29891378 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Hamdi
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Avicenne Street, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Intidhar Ben Salem
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Avicenne Street, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia; Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Yosra Ben Othmène
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Avicenne Street, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Emna Annabi
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Avicenne Street, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Salwa Abid-Essefi
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Avicenne Street, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia.
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15
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Duryee MJ, Dusad A, Hunter CD, Kharbanda KK, Bruenjes JD, Easterling KC, Siebler JC, Thiele GM, Chakkalakal DA. N-Acetyl Cysteine Treatment Restores Early Phase Fracture Healing in Ethanol-Fed Rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:1206-1216. [PMID: 29698568 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fracture healing in alcoholics is delayed and often associated with infections resulting in prolonged rehabilitation. It has been reported that binge drinking of alcohol increases oxidative stress and delays fracture healing in rats, which is prevented by treatment with the antioxidant n-acetyl cysteine (NAC). Oxidative stress is a significant factor in pathologies of various organs resulting from chronic alcoholism. Therefore, we hypothesize that treatment with NAC reduces oxidative stress and restores fracture healing in chronic alcoholics. METHODS Rats (10 months old) were pair-fed the Lieber-DeCarli ethanol (EtOH) diet or control diet for 16 weeks. A closed fracture was performed and rats allowed to recover for 72 hours. Rats were divided into 4 groups-control, control + NAC, EtOH, and EtOH + NAC-and injected intraperitoneally with 200 mg/kg of NAC daily for 3 days. Serum and bone fracture callus homogenates were collected and assayed for traditional markers of inflammation, oxidative stress, and bone regeneration. RESULTS The oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA) was increased in both serum and bone tissue in EtOH-fed animals compared to controls. NAC treatment significantly (p < 0.01) reduced MDA to near normal levels and dramatically increased the index of antioxidant efficacy (catalase/MDA ratio) (p < 0.01). Inflammatory markers tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, and interleukin-6 were significantly decreased in serum and callus following NAC treatment. NAC treatment reduced EtOH-induced bone resorption as evidenced by significant decreases in C-telopeptide of type-I-collagen levels (p < 0.05) and band-5 tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase levels in the tissue (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Oxidative stress and excessive inflammation are involved in the inhibition of fracture healing by EtOH. In this study, early short-term treatment of EtOH-fed animals with the antioxidant NAC reduced oxidative stress and normalized the innate immune response to fracture in the early phase of fracture healing, thereby restoring the normal onset of bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Duryee
- Veteran Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System , Omaha, Nebraska.,Department of Internal Medicine , Division of Rheumatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Anand Dusad
- Veteran Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System , Omaha, Nebraska.,Department of Internal Medicine , Division of Rheumatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Carlos D Hunter
- Veteran Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System , Omaha, Nebraska.,Department of Internal Medicine , Division of Rheumatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Kusum K Kharbanda
- Veteran Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System , Omaha, Nebraska.,Department of Internal Medicine , Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Joseph D Bruenjes
- Department of Surgery , Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Karen C Easterling
- Veteran Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System , Omaha, Nebraska.,Department of Internal Medicine , Division of Rheumatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Justin C Siebler
- Veteran Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System , Omaha, Nebraska.,Department of Surgery , Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery , University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Geoffrey M Thiele
- Veteran Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System , Omaha, Nebraska.,Department of Internal Medicine , Division of Rheumatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.,Department of Pathology and Microbiology , University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Dennis A Chakkalakal
- Veteran Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System , Omaha, Nebraska.,Department of Surgery , Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery , University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
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16
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Chen CY, Chang PC, Wang TH, Wang TCV. The in vivo anti-leukemia activity of N-(1-Pyrenlyl) maleimide in a bioluminescent mouse model. Leuk Res 2017; 62:64-69. [PMID: 28987819 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In a search for anticancer drugs by screening for inhibitors of telomerase, we have identified several small-molecule inhibitors that selectively inhibit telomerase in a cell-free system. Among these inhibitors, N-(1-pyrenyl) maleimide (NPM) induced apoptosis and displayed the greatest differential cytotoxicity against acute T cell leukemia-derived Jurkat cells cultured in vitro. In this work, the in vivo anti-leukemia activity of NPM was investigated using a bioluminescent mouse model. The luciferase-expressing Jurkat cells (Jurkat-Luc) were mixed with matrigel and injected subcutaneously into the nude mice. Drug treatment was commenced on day 7 after tumor implantation. The growth of xenografted tumors was significantly inhibited in the mice treated with NPM, which is comparable to the inhibitory effect of a classical anti-leukemia drug, cyclophosphamide. Combined treatment with NPM and cyclophosphamide further enhanced the growth inhibition of xenografted Jurkat-Luc cells. Immunohistochemistry staining with cleaved caspase 3 (cl-caspase 3) indicated a very heavy staining of cl-caspase 3 only in the tumor implants excised from the NPM-treated mice. We conclude that NPM induced apoptosis and inhibited the growth of xenografted Jurkat-Luc cells in nude mice, demonstrating that NPM displays anti-leukemia activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Yuan Chen
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology and Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chi Chang
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology and Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Tong-Hong Wang
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology and Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan; Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chien V Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, 333, Taiwan.
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Horikoshi Y, Takeo T, Nakagata N. N-acetyl cysteine prolonged the developmental ability of mouse two-cell embryos against oxidative stress at refrigerated temperatures. Cryobiology 2016; 72:198-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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N-acetylcysteine amid reduces pancreatic damage in a rat model of acute necrotizing pancreatitis. J Surg Res 2016; 203:383-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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19
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Bauer AK, Fitzgerald M, Ladzinski AT, Lenhart Sherman S, Maddock BH, Norr ZM, Miller RR. Dual behavior ofN-acetylcysteine during ethanol-induced oxidative stress in embryonic chick brains. Nutr Neurosci 2016; 20:478-488. [DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2016.1185261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alison K. Bauer
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, PA 16509, USA
| | - Mary Fitzgerald
- Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, USA
| | - Adam T. Ladzinski
- Midwestern University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
| | | | | | - Zoe M. Norr
- Biology Department, Hillsdale College, MI 49242, USA
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20
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Siddiqui MR, Wabaidur SM, Ola MS, AlOthman ZA, Rafiquee MZA, Khan MA. High-Throughput UPLC-MS Method for the Determination of N-Acetyl-l-Cysteine: Application in Tissue Distribution Study in Wistar Rats. J Chromatogr Sci 2016; 54:1244-52. [PMID: 27102930 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmw060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) is the N-acetyl derivative of the amino acid l-cysteine and is extensively used as a medicine to treat a variety of diseases. High-throughput ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) method has been developed for the quantitative assessment of N-acetyl-l-cysteine. The method was further applied to study the distribution of the intraperitoneal injected drug into different tissues and plasma of Wistar rats, including liver, kidney, heart, lungs and spleen. The drug was having highest concentration in plasma and liver followed by kidney, lungs, heart and spleen. Method validation studies suggested being linear in the range of 1-15 µg mL(-1) for liver, kidney, heart, lungs and spleen and 1-120 µg mL(-1) for the plasma. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation were found to be 0.20 and 0.66 µg mL(-1), respectively. The recovery studies suggested that in all the cases, the obtained recovery was in the range of 98.51-101.88%. Our analyses provide a validated UPLC-MS method for the determination of NAC and its successful application for the analysis in plasma and tissues obtained from Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoom Raza Siddiqui
- Advanced Materials Research Chair, Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saikh Mohammad Wabaidur
- Advanced Materials Research Chair, Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Shamsul Ola
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeid A AlOthman
- Advanced Materials Research Chair, Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Moonis Ali Khan
- Advanced Materials Research Chair, Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Barekat F, Tavalaee M, Deemeh MR, Bahreinian M, Azadi L, Abbasi H, Rozbahani S, Nasr-Esfahani MH. A Preliminary Study: N-acetyl-L-cysteine Improves Semen Quality following Varicocelectomy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FERTILITY & STERILITY 2016; 10:120-6. [PMID: 27123209 PMCID: PMC4845522 DOI: 10.22074/ijfs.2016.4777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Surgery is considered the primary treatment for male infertility from clinical varicocele. One of the main events associated with varicocele is excessive production
of reactive oxygen species (ROS). N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), an antioxidant that scavenges free radicals, is considered a supplement to alleviate glutathione (GSH) depletion
during oxidative stress. Despite beneficial effects of NAC in other pathological events,
there is no report on the effect of NAC in individuals with varicocele. Therefore, the aim
of this study is to evaluate the outcome of NAC on semen quality, protamine content,
DNA damage, oxidative stress and fertility following varicocelectomy. Materials and Methods This prospective clinical trial included 35 infertile men with
varicocele randomly divided into control (n=20) and NAC (n=15) groups. We assessed
semen parameters, protamine content [chromomycin A3 (CMA3)], DNA integrity [terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL)] and oxidative stress [2', 7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein-diacetate (DCFH-DA)] before and three
months after varicocelectomy. Results Percentage of abnormal semen parameters, protamine deficiency, DNA fragmentation and oxidative stress were significantly decreased in both groups compared to
before surgery. We calculated the percentage of improvement in these parameters compared to before surgery for each group, then compared the results between the groups.
Only percentage of protamine deficiency and DNA fragmentation significantly differed
between the NAC and control groups. Conclusion The results of this study, for the first time, revealed that NAC improved
chromatin integrity and pregnancy rate when administered as adjunct therapy post-varico-
celectomy (Registeration Number: IRCT201508177223N5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Foroogh Barekat
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Biology, Flavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Flavarjan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Tavalaee
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Deemeh
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahsa Bahreinian
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Leila Azadi
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Shahla Rozbahani
- Department of Biology, Flavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Flavarjan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran; Isfahan Fertility and Infertility Center, Isfahan, Iran
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22
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Abt B, Hartmann A, Pasquarelli A, Strehle S, Mizaikoff B, Kranz C. Electrochemical Determination of Sulphur-containing Pharmaceuticals Using Boron-doped Diamond Electrodes. ELECTROANAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201501150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bärbel Abt
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry; Ulm University; Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Andreas Hartmann
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry; Ulm University; Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Alberto Pasquarelli
- Institute of Electron Devices and Circuits; Ulm University; Albert-Einstein-Allee 45 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Steffen Strehle
- Institute of Electron Devices and Circuits; Ulm University; Albert-Einstein-Allee 45 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Boris Mizaikoff
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry; Ulm University; Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Christine Kranz
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry; Ulm University; Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
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Hernandez SH, Howland M, Schiano TD, Hoffman RS. The pharmacokinetics and extracorporeal removal of N-acetylcysteine during renal replacement therapies. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2015; 53:941-9. [PMID: 26484583 DOI: 10.3109/15563650.2015.1100305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acetaminophen-induced fulminant hepatic failure is associated with acute kidney injury, metabolic acidosis, and fluid and electrolyte imbalances, requiring treatment with renal replacement therapies. Although antidote, acetylcysteine, is potentially extracted by renal replacement therapies, pharmacokinetic data are lacking to guide potential dosing alterations. We aimed to determine the extracorporeal removal of acetylcysteine by various renal replacement therapies. METHODS Simultaneous urine, plasma and effluent specimens were serially collected to measure acetylcysteine concentrations in up to three stages: before, during and upon termination of renal replacement therapy. Alterations in pharmacokinetics were determined by applying standard pharmacokinetic equations. RESULTS Over 2 years, 10 critically ill patients in fulminant hepatic failure requiring renal replacement therapy coincident with acetylcysteine were consecutively enrolled. All 10 patients required continuous venovenous hemofiltration (n = 10) and 2 of the 10 also required hemodialysis (n = 2). There was a significant alteration in the pharmacokinetics of acetylcysteine during hemodialysis; the area under the curve (AUC) decreased 41%, the mean extraction ratio was 51%, the mean hemodialytic clearance was 114.01 ml/kg/h, and a mean 166.75 mg/h was recovered in the effluent or 41% of the hourly dose. Alteration in the pharmacokinetics of acetylcysteine during continuous venovenous hemofiltration did not appear to be significant: the AUC decreased 13%, the mean clearance was 31.77 ml/kg/h and a mean 62.12 mg/h was recovered in the effluent or 14% of the hourly dose. CONCLUSIONS There was no significant extraction of acetylcysteine from continuous venovenous hemofiltration. In contrast, there was significant extracorporeal removal of acetylcysteine during hemodialysis. A reasonable dose adjustment may be to double the IV infusion rate or possibly supplement with oral acetylcysteine during hemodialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie H Hernandez
- a Division of Medical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York , NY , USA
| | - Maryann Howland
- b St. John's University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences , Queens , NY , USA.,c New York City Poison Control Center, New York City Department of Health , New York , NY , USA.,d Division of Medical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine , New York University School of Medicine , New York , NY , USA
| | - Thomas D Schiano
- e Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York , NY , USA
| | - Robert S Hoffman
- c New York City Poison Control Center, New York City Department of Health , New York , NY , USA.,d Division of Medical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine , New York University School of Medicine , New York , NY , USA
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Lai FN, Ma JY, Liu JC, Wang JJ, Cheng SF, Sun XF, Li L, Li B, Nyachoti CM, Shen W. The influence of N-acetyl-l-cysteine on damage of porcine oocyte exposed to zearalenone in vitro. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 289:341-8. [PMID: 26386189 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA), one of the mycotoxins produced by Fusarium fungi, impacts porcine reproduction by interfering with the estrogen signaling pathway. Previous studies have shown that ZEA inhibits porcine oocyte maturation through the formation of aberrant spindle. To explore the effect of ZEA on porcine oocyte meiotic maturation, the extent of both nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation was examined in this study. Compared with control group, presence of ZEA (3 μM) during oocyte maturation, significantly inhibited the polar body extrusions from 71% to 51%, and significantly increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level (12.01 vs. 5.89). Intracellular glutathione (GSH) content in ZEA treatment group was lower than in the control group (1.08 pmol/oocyte vs. 0.18 pmol/oocyte), and cortical granules of cortical area distributed oocytes were reduced (88% vs. 62%). ZEA decreases cumulus expansion in both morphology and mRNA level (HAS2, PTX3, TNFAIP6 and CX43). Addition of N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) to the oocyte maturation media reversed the ZEA-induced inhibition of polar body extrusion (from 69% to 81%), up-regulated ROS (from 7.9 to 6.5), down-regulated GSH content (from 0.16 to 0.82 pmol/oocyte) and recovered cumulus cells expansion in morphology and mRNA level. It is concluded that ZEA affects both oocyte nucleus and cytoplasmic maturation during in vitro maturation, and NAC can reverse these damages to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Nong Lai
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Jun-Yu Ma
- Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Jing-Cai Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Jun-Jie Wang
- Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Shun-Feng Cheng
- Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Lan Li
- Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Bo Li
- Chengguo Station of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Laizhou 261437, China
| | | | - Wei Shen
- Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
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Yin K, Yu F, Zhang W, Chen L. A near-infrared ratiometric fluorescent probe for cysteine detection over glutathione indicating mitochondrial oxidative stress in vivo. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 74:156-64. [PMID: 26141101 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We establish a near-infrared (NIR) ratiometric fluorescent probe Cy-NB for the selective detection of cysteine (Cys) over glutathione (GSH) and homocysteine (Hcy) in mitochondria to indicate oxidative stress. Heptamethine cyanine dye is chosen as the fluorophore of Cy-NB whose emission locates in NIR region. And p-nitrobenzoyl is employed as the fluorescent modulator due to its capability of selective-Cys response. Once triggered by Cys, the uncaged p-nitrobenzoyl rearranges the polymethine π-electron system of the fluorophore, which leads to a remarkable spectrum shifts in absorption and emission profiles. Taking advantage of these spectroscopic properties, we construct a ratiometric fluorescent signal for the detection of Cys with a detection limit of 0.2 µM within 5 min. Our probe Cy-NB can sensitively detect the mitochondrial Cys pool changes under different oxidative stress status in HepG2 cells. We also successfully employ Cy-NB to imaging Cys level changes in living mice. It suggests that mitochondrial Cys can be used as an oxidative stress biomarker with simple potential clinical applications. And our probe Cy-NB is of great potential for further utilizing in exploring the physiological function of Cys in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yin
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation; The Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fabiao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation; The Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation; The Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Lingxin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation; The Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
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N-(1-pyrenyl) maleimide induces bak oligomerization and mitochondrial dysfunction in Jurkat Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:798489. [PMID: 25632401 PMCID: PMC4302375 DOI: 10.1155/2015/798489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
N-(1-pyrenyl) maleimide (NPM) is a fluorescent reagent that is frequently used as a derivatization agent for the detection of thio-containing compounds. NPM has been shown to display a great differential cytotoxicity against hematopoietic cancer cells. In this study, the molecular mechanism by which NPM induces apoptosis was examined. Here, we show that treatment of Jurkat cells with NPM leads to Bak oligomerization, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), and release of cytochrome C from mitochondria to cytosol. Induction of Bak oligomerization appears to play a critical role in NPM-induced apoptosis, as downregulation of Bak by shRNA significantly prevented NPM-induced apoptosis. Inhibition of caspase 8 by Z-IETD-FMK and/or depletion of Bid did not affect NPM-induced oligomerization of Bak. Taken together, these results suggest that NPM-induced apoptosis is mediated through a pathway that is independent of caspase-8 activation.
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Mishra MK, Beaty CA, Lesniak WG, Kambhampati SP, Zhang F, Wilson MA, Blue ME, Troncoso JC, Kannan S, Johnston MV, Baumgartner WA, Kannan RM. Dendrimer brain uptake and targeted therapy for brain injury in a large animal model of hypothermic circulatory arrest. ACS NANO 2014; 8:2134-47. [PMID: 24499315 PMCID: PMC4004292 DOI: 10.1021/nn404872e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of brain injury following circulatory arrest is a challenging health issue with no viable therapeutic options. Based on studies in a clinically relevant large animal (canine) model of hypothermic circulatory arrest (HCA)-induced brain injury, neuroinflammation and excitotoxicity have been identified as key players in mediating the brain injury after HCA. Therapy with large doses of valproic acid (VPA) showed some neuroprotection but was associated with adverse side effects. For the first time in a large animal model, we explored whether systemically administered polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers could be effective in reaching target cells in the brain and deliver therapeutics. We showed that, upon systemic administration, hydroxyl-terminated PAMAM dendrimers are taken up in the brain of injured animals and selectively localize in the injured neurons and microglia in the brain. The biodistribution in other major organs was similar to that seen in small animal models. We studied systemic dendrimer-drug combination therapy with two clinically approved drugs, N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) (attenuating neuroinflammation) and valproic acid (attenuating excitotoxicity), building on positive outcomes in a rabbit model of perinatal brain injury. We prepared and characterized dendrimer-NAC (D-NAC) and dendrimer-VPA (D-VPA) conjugates in multigram quantities. A glutathione-sensitive linker to enable for fast intracellular release. In preliminary efficacy studies, combination therapy with D-NAC and D-VPA showed promise in this large animal model, producing 24 h neurological deficit score improvements comparable to high dose combination therapy with VPA and NAC, or free VPA, but at one-tenth the dose, while significantly reducing the adverse side effects. Since adverse side effects of drugs are exaggerated in HCA, the reduced side effects with dendrimer conjugates and suggestions of neuroprotection offer promise for these nanoscale drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj K. Mishra
- Center for Nanomedicine/Wilmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Claude A. Beaty
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Neurology, and Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Wojciech G. Lesniak
- Center for Nanomedicine/Wilmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Siva P. Kambhampati
- Center for Nanomedicine/Wilmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Fan Zhang
- Center for Nanomedicine/Wilmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Mary A. Wilson
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Neurology, and Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Inc., Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Mary E. Blue
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Neurology, and Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Inc., Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Juan C. Troncoso
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Neurology, and Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, and Department of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Sujatha Kannan
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Inc., Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, and Department of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Michael V. Johnston
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Neurology, and Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Inc., Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, and Department of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - William A. Baumgartner
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Neurology, and Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
- Address correspondence to ,
| | - Rangaramanujam M. Kannan
- Center for Nanomedicine/Wilmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
- Address correspondence to ,
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Lee YH, Bhattarai G, Park IS, Kim GR, Kim GE, Lee MH, Yi HK. Bone regeneration around N-acetyl cysteine-loaded nanotube titanium dental implant in rat mandible. Biomaterials 2013; 34:10199-208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.08.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Huang PR, Yeh YM, Pao CC, Chen CY, Wang TCV. N-(1-Pyrenyl) maleimide inhibits telomerase activity in a cell free system and induces apoptosis in Jurkat cells. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:8899-905. [PMID: 22707200 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1757-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Telomerase activity is repressed in normal human somatic cells, but is activated in most cancers, suggesting that telomerase may be an important target for cancer therapy. Agents that interact selectively with telomerase are anticipated to exert specific action on cancer cells. In this study, we evaluated maleimide derivatives for their potency and selectivity of telomerase inhibition. Among the several N-substituted derivatives of maleimide tested, N-(1-Pyrenyl) maleimide was shown to exert the greatest inhibition of telomerase in a cell free system, with an IC50 value of 0.25 μM. Importantly, we demonstrated that N-(1-pyrenyl) maleimide induces apoptosis in Jurkat T cells and displays the greatest differential cytotoxicity against hematopoietic cancer cells. These results suggest that N-(1-pyrenyl) maleimide is an attractive maleimide to be tested and developed as anti-cancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Rong Huang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, 333, Taiwan
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30
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Whitaker BD, Casey SJ, Taupier R. The effects of N-acetyl-L-cysteine supplementation on in vitro porcine oocyte maturation and subsequent fertilisation and embryonic development. Reprod Fertil Dev 2012; 24:1048-54. [DOI: 10.1071/rd12002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of supplementation with 1.5 mM n-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) during in vitro oocyte maturation were studied. Oocytes were supplemented with 1.5 mM NAC during maturation for 0 to 24 h, 24 to 48 h, or 0 to 48 h then subjected to IVF and embryo development. Oocytes were evaluated after maturation for intracellular glutathione concentration, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities and DNA fragmentation. Fertilisation and embryonic development success were also evaluated. There was no effect of treatment on intracellular glutathione concentrations, enzyme activities or fertilisation success rates. Supplementing NAC during maturation significantly decreased (P < 0.05) the percentage of oocytes with fragmented DNA compared with no NAC supplementation. Supplementing NAC from 24 to 48 h or 0 to 48 h resulted in a significantly higher (P < 0.05) percentage of oocytes with male pronuclei than for oocytes from the other treatment groups. There was no difference in the percentage of embryos cleaved by 48 h after IVF between treatment groups. Supplementing NAC from 24 to 48 h or 0 to 48 h resulted in a significantly higher (P < 0.05) percentage of embryos reaching the blastocyst stage by 144 h after IVF compared with the other treatment groups. These results indicate that supplementation of the oocyte maturation medium with 1.5 mM NAC, specifically during the last 24 h, improves male pronucleus formation and blastocyst development in pigs.
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Whitaker BD, Knight JW. Effects of N-acetyl-cysteine and N-acetyl-cysteine-amide supplementation on in vitro matured porcine oocytes. Reprod Domest Anim 2011; 45:755-9. [PMID: 19220795 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2009.01344.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of the antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) supplemented to the maturation medium on porcine embryo development. Concentrations of NAC and its synthetic derivative, NAC-amide (NACA) were evaluated for effects on nuclear maturation, fertilization success and embryo development. Concentrations of NAC (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 5.0 mm) were supplemented to maturing oocytes, and embryo development was analysed at 48 and 144 h post-fertilization. There were no differences among cleavage rates for any of the treatment groups. Blastocyst formation for 1.5 mm NAC (56.5 ± 9.2%) was higher (p < 0.05) than all other supplementations. There were no differences in nuclear maturation or fertilization or in cleavage rates when comparing 1.5 mm NAC and 1.5 mm NACA supplementation to the control. Blastocyst formation for 1.5 mm NAC (44.4 ± 4.7%) and 1.5 mm NACA (46.2 ± 3.4%) supplementation were higher (p < 0.05) than the control (32.1 ± 6.2%) oocytes. These results indicate that supplementing 1.5 mm of NAC or NACA to the oocyte maturation medium increased the percentage of viable embryos reaching the blastocyst stage of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- B D Whitaker
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
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Whitaker BD, Casey SJ, Taupier R. N-acetyl-l-cysteine Supplementation Improves Boar Spermatozoa Characteristics and Subsequent Fertilization and Embryonic Development. Reprod Domest Anim 2011; 47:263-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2011.01848.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Lu C, Liu G, Jia J, Gui Y, Liu Y, Zhang M, Liu Y, Li S, Yu C. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for determination of N-acetylcysteine in human plasma using an isotope-labeled internal standard. Biomed Chromatogr 2011; 25:427-31. [PMID: 21374646 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed to determine total N-acetylcysteine in human plasma. Mass spectrometric detection was achieved in positive electrospray ionization and multiple reaction monitoring mode. The mass transition pairs of N-acetylcysteine and the isotope-labeled internal standard d3-N-acetylcysteine were 164 → 122 and 167 → 123, respectively. The method was linear over the range of 10-5000 ng/mL in human plasma. The adoption of trichloroacetic acid significantly enhanced the extraction recovery. The blank matrix was screened to minimize the influence of endogenous N-acetylcysteine. After being fully validated, the method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic and bioequivalent study of N-acetylcysteine after oral administration of 600 mg tablets to 24 healthy Chinese volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Lu
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, 966 Middle Huaihai Road, Shanghai, China
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Selective determination of cysteines through precolumn double-labeling and liquid chromatography followed by detection of intramolecular FRET. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 399:1665-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4461-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2010] [Revised: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Zakai UI, Bikzhanova G, Staveness D, Gately S, West R. Synthesis of lipophilic sila derivatives ofN-acetylcysteineamide, a cell permeating thiol. Appl Organomet Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.1572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Whitaker BD, Knight JW. Mechanisms of oxidative stress in porcine oocytes and the role of anti-oxidants. Reprod Fertil Dev 2008; 20:694-702. [DOI: 10.1071/rd08037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2008] [Accepted: 05/26/2008] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of oxidative stress in in vitro maturing porcine oocytes and the effects of anti-oxidant supplementation of the medium in ameliorating these effects were investigated in the present study. In addition to intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations and DNA fragmentation, the present study focused on superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase activity. The anti-oxidants used were N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and its derivative NAC-amide (NACA). The results indicate that when SOD is inhibited, supplementation of the maturarion medium with 1.5 mm NAC or NACA compensates for the decrease in SOD activity by reducing the degree of DNA fragmentation (P < 0.05). When GPx is inhibited, supplementation of the maturarion medium with 1.5 mm NAC alleviates the effects of no GPx activity, as indicated by a decrease in the degree of DNA fragmentation (P < 0.05). When the maturarion medium was supplemented with 1.5 mm NACA, intracellular GSH concentrations decreased (P < 0.05) and SOD and catalase activities increased (P < 0.05) along with the degree of DNA fragmentation. These results indicate that the mechanisms of alleviating oxidative stress in porcine oocytes are very complex and supplementing maturing oocytes with anti-oxidants may enhance enzyme activities and eliminate free radicals.
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