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Zhang H, Zhu L, Zhou Z, Wang D, Yang J, Wang S, Lou T. Advancements in the Heterologous Expression of Sucrose Phosphorylase and Its Molecular Modification for the Synthesis of Glycosylated Products. Molecules 2024; 29:4086. [PMID: 39274934 PMCID: PMC11397096 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29174086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Sucrose phosphorylase (SPase), a member of the glycoside hydrolase GH13 family, possesses the ability to catalyze the hydrolysis of sucrose to generate α-glucose-1-phosphate and can also glycosylate diverse substrates, showcasing a wide substrate specificity. This enzyme has found extensive utility in the fields of food, medicine, and cosmetics, and has garnered significant attention as a focal point of research in transglycosylation enzymes. Nevertheless, SPase encounters numerous obstacles in industrial settings, including low enzyme yield, inadequate thermal stability, mixed regioselectivity, and limited transglycosylation activity. In-depth exploration of efficient expression strategies and molecular modifications based on the crystal structure and functional information of SPase is now a critical research priority. This paper systematically reviews the source microorganisms, crystal structure, and catalytic mechanism of SPase, summarizes diverse heterologous expression systems based on expression hosts and vectors, and examines the application and molecular modification progress of SPase in synthesizing typical glycosylated products. Additionally, it anticipates the broad application prospects of SPase in industrial production and related research fields, laying the groundwork for its engineering modification and industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Leting Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Zixuan Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Danyun Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Jinshan Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Suying Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Tingting Lou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
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Vyas A, Petrášek Z, Nidetzky B. Limits of Non-invasive Enzymatic Activation by Local Temperature Control. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2312220. [PMID: 38344893 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202312220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/26/2024]
Abstract
Enzymatic activity depends on and can therefore be regulated by temperature. Selective modulation of the activity of different enzymes in one reaction pot would require temperature control local to each type of enzyme. It has been suggested previously that immobilization of enzyme on magnetic nanoparticles and exposing them to alternating magnetic field can enhance the reaction rate. This enhancement has been explained as being mediated by temperature increase caused by dissipation of the absorbed field energy in the form of heat. However, the possibility of spatially limiting this temperature increase on the microscale has been questioned. Here, it is investigated whether an activity enhancement of the enzyme sucrose phosphorylase immobilized on magnetic beads can be achieved, how this effect is related to the increase in temperature, and whether temperature differences within one reaction pot could be generated in this way. It is found that alternating magnetic field stimulation leads to increased enzymatic activity fully attributable to the increase of bulk temperature. Both theoretical analysis and experimental data indicate that no local heating near the particle surface takes place. It is further concluded that relevant increase of surface temperature can be obtained only with macroscopic, millimeter-sized, magnetic particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisha Vyas
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, Graz, A-8010, Austria
| | - Zdeněk Petrášek
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, Graz, A-8010, Austria
| | - Bernd Nidetzky
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, Graz, A-8010, Austria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Krenngasse 37, Graz, A-8010, Austria
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3
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Shen Y, Xia Y, Chen X. Research progress and application of enzymatic synthesis of glycosyl compounds. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s00253-023-12652-8. [PMID: 37428188 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12652-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Glucoside compounds are widely found in nature and have garnered significant attention in the medical, cosmetics, and food industries due to their diverse pharmaceutical properties, biological activities, and stable application characteristics. Glycosides are mainly obtained by direct extraction from plants, chemical synthesis, and enzymatic synthesis. Given the challenges associated with plant extraction, such as low conversion rates and the potential for environmental pollution with chemical synthesis, our review focuses on enzymatic synthesis. Here, we reviewed the enzymatic synthesis methods of 2-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid (AA-2G), 2-O-α-D-glucosyl glycerol (α-GG), arbutin and α-glucosyl hesperidin (Hsp-G), and other glucoside compounds. The types of enzymes selected in the synthesis process are comprehensively analyzed and summarized, as well as a series of enzyme transformation strategies adopted to improve the synthetic yield. KEY POINTS: • Glycosyl compounds have applications in the biomedical and food industries. • Enzymatic synthesis converts substrates into products using enzymes as catalysts. • Substrate bias and specificity are key to improving substrate conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xia
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
| | - Xianzhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
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Gan T, Fang J, Wang Y, Liu K, Sang Y, Chen H, Lu Y, Zhu L, Chen X. Promoter engineering for efficient production of sucrose phosphorylase in Bacillus subtilis and its application in enzymatic synthesis of 2-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid. Enzyme Microb Technol 2023; 169:110267. [PMID: 37321017 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
2-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid (AA-2G), a stable glucoside derivative of L-ascorbic acid (L-AA), can be one-step synthesized by sucrose phosphorylase (SPase). In this study, we attempted to produce extracellular SPase in Bacillus subtilis WB800 for the food-grade production of AA-2G. The results showed that the secretion of SPases did not require signal peptide. Promoter and its compatibility to target SPase gene were proved to be the key factors for high-level secretion. The strong promoter P43 and synthetic SPase gene derived from Bifidobacterium longum (BloSPase) were selected due to generate a relatively high extracellular activity (0.94 U/mL) for L-AA glycosylation. A highly active dual-promoter system PsigH-100-P43 was further constructed, which produced the highest extracellular and intracellular activity were 5.53 U/mL and 6.85 U/mL in fed-batch fermentation, respectively. Up to 113.58 g/L of AA-2G could be achieved by the supernatant of fermentation broth and a higher yield of 146.42 g/L was obtained by whole-cells biotransformation. Therefore, the optimal dual-promoter system in B. subtilis is suitable for the food-grade scale-up production of AA-2G.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Gan
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jingyi Fang
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Kaiqiang Liu
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yumin Sang
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Hanchi Chen
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yuele Lu
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Linjiang Zhu
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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Zhou Y, Ke F, Chen L, Lu Y, Zhu L, Chen X. Enhancing regioselectivity of sucrose phosphorylase by loop engineering for glycosylation of L-ascorbic acid. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:4575-4586. [PMID: 35739344 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12030-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Sucrose phosphorylase (SPase) has a remarkable capacity to synthesize numerous glucosides from abundantly available sucrose under mild conditions but suffers from specificity and regioselectivity issues. In this study, a loop engineering strategy was introduced to enhance the regioselectivity and substrate specificity of SPase for the efficient synthesis of 2-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid (AA-2G) via L-ascorbic acid (L-AA). P134, L341, and L343 were identified as "hotspots" for modulating the flexibility of loops, which significantly influenced the H-bonding network of L-AA in the active site, as well as the entrance of the substrate channel, thereby altering the regioselectivity and substrate specificity. Finally, the mutant L341V/L343F, with near-perfect control of the selectivity synthesis of the 2-OH group of L-AA (> 99%), was obtained. The AA-2G production by the mutant reached 244 g L-1 in a whole-cell biotransformation system, and the conversion rate of L-AA reached 64%, which is the highest level reported to date. Our work also provides a successful loop engineering case for modulating the regioselectivity and specificity of sucrose phosphorylase. KEY POINTS: • "Hotspots" were identified in the flexible loops of sucrose phosphorylase. • Mutants exhibited improved regioselectivity and specificity against L-ascorbic acid. • Synthesized AA-2G with high yield and regioselectivity by whole-cell of mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Zhou
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Feifei Ke
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Luyi Chen
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yuele Lu
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Linjiang Zhu
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
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Zhou Y, Lv X, Chen L, Zhang H, Zhu L, Lu Y, Chen X. Identification of Process-Related Impurities and Corresponding Control Strategy in Biocatalytic Production of 2- O-α-d-Glucopyranosyl-l-ascorbic Acid Using Sucrose Phosphorylase. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:5066-5076. [PMID: 35412325 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
2-O-α-d-Glucopyranosyl-l-ascorbic acid (AA-2G) is an ideal substitute for l-ascorbic acid because of its remarkable stability and improved biological activity, which can be easily applied in cosmetic, food, and medicine fields. However, impurity identification and control are significant procedures during the manufacturing of AA-2G. This study assessed a manufacturing routine of AA-2G synthesized by sucrose phosphorylase (SPase). First, three unknown process-related impurities were observed, which were further identified as 3-O-α-d-glucopyranosyl- l-ascorbic acid (impurity I), 2-O-α-d-glucopyranosyl-l-dehydroascorbic acid (impurity II), and 13-O-α-d-glucopyranosyl-2-O-α-d-glucopyranosyl-l-ascorbic acid (impurity III), respectively. Second, a comprehensive formation pathway of impurities was elucidated, and specific strategies corresponding to controlling each impurity were also proposed. Specifically, the content of impurity I can be reduced by 50% by fine tuning reaction conditions. The impurity II-free purification process was also achieved by applying a low concentration of alkali. Finally, a semi-rational design was introduced, and a single mutant L343F was obtained by site-directed mutagenesis, which reduced impurities I and III by 63.9 and 100%, respectively, without affecting the transglycosylation activity. It is expected that the reported impurity identification and control strategies during the AA-2G production will facilitate its industrial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Zhou
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuhao Lv
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Luyi Chen
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Linjiang Zhu
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuele Lu
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China
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Zhou Y, Gan T, Jiang R, Chen H, Ma Z, Lu Y, Zhu L, Chen X. Whole-cell catalytic synthesis of 2-O-α-glucopyranosyl-l-ascorbic acid by sucrose phosphorylase from Bifidobacterium breve via a batch-feeding strategy. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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8
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Wang L, Zheng P, Hu M, Tao Y. OUP accepted manuscript. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 49:6548896. [PMID: 35289917 PMCID: PMC9142195 DOI: 10.1093/jimb/kuac008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Cellobiose, a natural disaccharide, attracts extensive attention as a potential functional food/feed additive. In this study, we present an inorganic phosphate (Pi) self-sufficient biotransformation system to produce cellobiose by co-expressing sucrose phosphorylase (SP) and cellobiose phosphorylase (CBP). The Bifidobacterium adolescentis SP (BASP) and Cellvibrio gilvus CBP (CGCBP) were co-expressed in Escherichia coli. Escherichia coli cells containing BASP and CGCBP were used as whole-cell catalysts to convert sucrose and glucose to cellobiose. The effects of reaction pH, temperature, Pi concentration, and substrate concentration were investigated. In the optimum biotransformation conditions, 800 mM cellobiose was produced from 1.0 M sucrose, 1.0 M glucose, and 50 mM Pi, within 12 hr. The by-product fructose and residual substrate (sucrose and glucose) were efficiently removed by treatment with yeast, to help purify the product cellobiose. The wider applicability of this Pi self-sufficiency strategy was demonstrated in the production of laminaribiose by co-expressing SP and laminaribiose phosphorylase. This study suggests that the Pi self-sufficiency strategy through co-expressing two phosphorylases has the advantage of great flexibility for enhanced production of cellobiose (or laminaribiose).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Lei Wang, E-mail:
| | - Peng Zheng
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Meirong Hu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yong Tao
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Yong Tao, E-mail:
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Qi X, Shao J, Cheng Y, He X, Li Y, Jia H, Yan M. Biocatalytic synthesis of 2-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid using an extracellular expressed α-glucosidase from Oryza sativa. Biotechnol J 2021; 16:e2100199. [PMID: 34392609 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202100199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 2-O-α-D-Glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid (AA-2G) is an important derivative of L-ascorbic acid (L-AA), which has the distinct advantages of non-reducibility, antioxidation, and reproducible decomposition into L-AA and glucose. Enzymatic synthesis is a preferred method for AA-2G production over alternative chemical synthesis owing to the regioselective glycosylation reaction. α-Glucosidase, an enzyme classed into O-glycoside hydrolases, might be used in glycosylation reactions to synthesize AA-2G. MAIN METHODS AND MAJOR RESULTS Here, an α-glucosidase from Oryza sativa was heterologously produced in Pichia pastoris GS115 and used for biosynthesis of AA-2G with few intermediates and byproducts. The extracellular recombinant α-glucosidase (rAGL) reached 9.11 U mL-1 after fed-batch cultivation for 102 h in a 5 L fermenter. The specific activity of purified rAGL is 49.83 U mg-1 at 37°C and pH 4.0. The optimal temperature of rAGL was 65°C, and it was stable below 55°C. rAGL was active over the range of pH 3.0-7.0, with the maximal activity at pH 4.0. Under the condition of 37°C, pH 4.0, equimolar maltose and ascorbic acid sodium salt, 8.7 ± 0.4 g L-1 of AA-2G was synthesized by rAGL. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The production of rAGL in P. pastoris was proved to be beneficial in providing enough enzyme and promoting biocatalytic synthesis of AA-2G. These studies lay the basis for the industrial application of α-glucosidase. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT LAY SUMMARY 2-O-α-D-Glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid (AA-2G) is an important industrial derivative of L-ascorbic acid (L-AA), which has the distinct advantages of non-reducibility, antioxidation, and reproducible decomposition into L-AA and glucose. In this study, the authors characterized an α-glucosidase from Oryza sativa, which was recombinantly produced in Pichia pastoris GS115, and its potential for AA-2G production via transglycosylation of L-AA was investigated. These studies lay the basis for the industrial application of recombinant α-glucosidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Qi
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Junlan Shao
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinchu Cheng
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoying He
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Honghua Jia
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Yan
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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10
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2-O-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid: Properties, production, and potential application as a substitute for L-ascorbic acid. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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11
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Song K, Sun J, Wang W, Hao J. Heterologous Expression of Cyclodextrin Glycosyltransferase my20 in Escherichia coli and Its Application in 2- O-α-D-Glucopyranosyl-L-Ascorbic Acid Production. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:664339. [PMID: 34122378 PMCID: PMC8195388 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.664339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the cgt gene my20, which encodes cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase) and was obtained by the metagenome sequencing of marine microorganisms from the Mariana Trench, was codon optimized and connected to pET-24a for heterologous expression in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). Through shaking flask fermentation, the optimized condition for recombinant CGTase expression was identified as 20°C for 18 h with 0.4 mM of isopropyl β-D-L-thiogalactopyranoside. The recombinant CGTase was purified by Ni2+-NTA resin, and the optimum pH and temperature were identified as pH 7 and 80°C, respectively. Activity was stable over wide temperature and pH ranges. After purification by Ni2+-NTA resin, the specific activity of the CGTase was 63.3 U/mg after 67.3-fold purification, with a final yield of 43.7%. In addition, the enzyme was used to transform L-ascorbic acid into 2-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid (AA-2G). The maximal AA-2G production reached 28 g/L, at 40°C, pH 4, 24 h reaction time, 50 g/L donor concentration, and 50 U/g enzyme dosage. The superior properties of recombinant CGTase strongly facilitate the industrial production of AA-2G.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Song
- College of Food Sciences and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Polar Fishery, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resource, Lianyungang, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Polar Fishery, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resource, Lianyungang, China
| | - Jianhua Hao
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Polar Fishery, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resource, Lianyungang, China
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12
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Sun S, You C. Disaccharide phosphorylases: Structure, catalytic mechanisms and directed evolution. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2021; 6:23-31. [PMID: 33665389 PMCID: PMC7896129 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Disaccharide phosphorylases (DSPs) are carbohydrate-active enzymes with outstanding potential for the biocatalytic conversion of common table sugar into products with attractive properties. They are modular enzymes that form active homo-oligomers. From a mechanistic as well as a structural point of view, they are similar to glycoside hydrolases or glycosyltransferases. As the majority of DSPs show strict stereo- and regiospecificities, these enzymes were used to synthesize specific disaccharides. Currently, protein engineering of DSPs is pursued in different laboratories to broaden the donor and acceptor substrate specificities or improve the industrial particularity of naturally existing enzymes, to eventually generate a toolbox of new catalysts for glycoside synthesis. Herein we review the characteristics and classifications of reported DSPs and the glycoside products that they have been used to synthesize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangshang Sun
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin, 300308, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun You
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin, 300308, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, People’s Republic of China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, People’s Republic of China
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13
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Franceus J, Desmet T. Sucrose Phosphorylase and Related Enzymes in Glycoside Hydrolase Family 13: Discovery, Application and Engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2526. [PMID: 32260541 PMCID: PMC7178133 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sucrose phosphorylases are carbohydrate-active enzymes with outstanding potential for the biocatalytic conversion of common table sugar into products with attractive properties. They belong to the glycoside hydrolase family GH13, where they are found in subfamily 18. In bacteria, these enzymes catalyse the phosphorolysis of sucrose to yield α-glucose 1-phosphate and fructose. However, sucrose phosphorylases can also be applied as versatile transglucosylases for the synthesis of valuable glycosides and sugars because their broad promiscuity allows them to transfer the glucosyl group of sucrose to a diverse collection of compounds other than phosphate. Numerous process and enzyme engineering studies have expanded the range of possible applications of sucrose phosphorylases ever further. Moreover, it has recently been discovered that family GH13 also contains a few novel phosphorylases that are specialised in the phosphorolysis of sucrose 6F-phosphate, glucosylglycerol or glucosylglycerate. In this review, we provide an overview of the progress that has been made in our understanding and exploitation of sucrose phosphorylases and related enzymes over the past ten years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tom Desmet
- Centre for Synthetic Biology (CSB), Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
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14
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Structural Comparison of a Promiscuous and a Highly Specific Sucrose 6 F-Phosphate Phosphorylase. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20163906. [PMID: 31405215 PMCID: PMC6720575 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In family GH13 of the carbohydrate-active enzyme database, subfamily 18 contains glycoside phosphorylases that act on α-sugars and glucosides. Because their phosphorolysis reactions are effectively reversible, these enzymes are of interest for the biocatalytic synthesis of various glycosidic compounds. Sucrose 6F-phosphate phosphorylases (SPPs) constitute one of the known substrate specificities. Here, we report the characterization of an SPP from Ilumatobacter coccineus with a far stricter specificity than the previously described promiscuous SPP from Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum. Crystal structures of both SPPs were determined to provide insight into their similarities and differences. The residues responsible for binding the fructose 6-phosphate group in subsite +1 were found to differ considerably between the two enzymes. Furthermore, several variants that introduce a higher degree of substrate promiscuity in the strict SPP from I. coccineus were designed. These results contribute to an expanded structural knowledge of enzymes in subfamily GH13_18 and facilitate their rational engineering.
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15
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Franceus J, Dhaene S, Decadt H, Vandepitte J, Caroen J, Van der Eycken J, Beerens K, Desmet T. Rational design of an improved transglucosylase for production of the rare sugar nigerose. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:4531-4533. [PMID: 30924472 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc01587f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The sucrose phosphorylase from Bifidobacterium adolescentis (BaSP) can be used as a transglucosylase for the production of rare sugars. We designed variants of BaSP for the efficient synthesis of nigerose from sucrose and glucose, thereby adding to the inventory of rare sugars that can conveniently be produced from bulk sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorick Franceus
- Centre for Synthetic Biology (CSB), Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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16
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Tao X, Su L, Wu J. Current studies on the enzymatic preparation 2-O-α-d-glucopyranosyl-l-ascorbic acid with cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2018; 39:249-257. [PMID: 30563366 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2018.1531823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
2-O-α-d-glucopyranosyl-l-ascorbic acid (AA-2G) is one of the most important l-ascorbic acid derivatives because of its resistance to reduction and oxidation and its easy degradation by α-glucosidase to release l-ascorbic acid and glucose. Thus, AA-2G has commercial uses in food, medicines and cosmetics. This article presents a review of recent studies on the enzymatic production of AA-2G using cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase. Reaction mechanisms with different donor substrates are discussed. Protein engineering, physical and biological studies of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase are introduced from the viewpoint of effective AA-2G production. Future prospects for the production of AA-2G using cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Tao
- a State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , China.,b School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , China.,c International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , China
| | - Lingqia Su
- a State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , China.,b School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , China.,c International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , China
| | - Jing Wu
- a State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , China.,b School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , China.,c International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , China
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17
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Tao X, Wang T, Su L, Wu J. Enhanced 2- O-α-d-Glucopyranosyl-l-ascorbic Acid Synthesis through Iterative Saturation Mutagenesis of Acceptor Subsite Residues in Bacillus stearothermophilus NO2 Cyclodextrin Glycosyltransferase. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:9052-9060. [PMID: 30091914 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Low synthesis yields of the l-ascorbic acid (l-AA) derivative 2- O-α-d-glucopyranosyl-l-ascorbic acid (AA-2G) limit its application in the food industry. In this work, the AA-2G synthesis yield of Bacillus stearothermophilus NO2 cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase) was improved. Nine residues within 10 Å of the catalytic residue Glu253 displaying ≤30% conservation and located in the acceptor subsite were selected for iterative saturation mutagenesis. The best mutant, K228R/M230L, produced a higher AA-2G yield with maltodextrin as the glucosyl donor than that produced by its parent wild-type. The l-AA Km values of the mutant K228R/M230L decreased by 35%, whereas the kcat/ Km increased by 2.69-fold. Kinetic analysis indicated that K228R/M230L displayed enhanced l-AA specificity. These results demonstrate that acceptor subsite residues play an important role in acceptor substrate specificity. Mutant K228R/M230L afforded the highest AA-2G concentration (211 g L-1, 624 mM) reported to date after optimization of the reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Avenue , Wuxi 214122 , China
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Avenue , Wuxi 214122 , China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Avenue , Wuxi 214122 , China
| | - Tian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Avenue , Wuxi 214122 , China
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Avenue , Wuxi 214122 , China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Avenue , Wuxi 214122 , China
| | - Lingqia Su
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Avenue , Wuxi 214122 , China
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Avenue , Wuxi 214122 , China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Avenue , Wuxi 214122 , China
| | - Jing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Avenue , Wuxi 214122 , China
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Avenue , Wuxi 214122 , China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Avenue , Wuxi 214122 , China
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