1
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Kayrouz CM, Ireland KA, Ying V, Davis KM, Seyedsayamdost MR. Ovoselenol, a Selenium-containing Antioxidant Derived from Convergent Evolution. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.10.588772. [PMID: 38645211 PMCID: PMC11030361 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.10.588772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Selenium is an essential micronutrient, but its presence in biology has been limited to protein and nucleic acid biopolymers. The recent identification of the first biosynthetic pathway for selenium-containing small molecules suggests that there is a larger family of selenometabolites that remains to be discovered. Using a bioinformatic search strategy that relies on mapping of composite active site motifs, we identify a recently evolved branch of abundant and uncharacterized metalloenzymes that we predict are involved in selenometabolite biosynthesis. Biochemical studies confirm this prediction and show that these enzymes form an unusual C-Se bond onto histidine, thus giving rise to a novel selenometabolite and potent antioxidant that we have termed ovoselenol. Aside from providing insights into the evolution of this enzyme class and the structural basis of C-Se bond formation, our work offers a blueprint for charting the microbial selenometabolome in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase M. Kayrouz
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States
| | - Kendra A. Ireland
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Vanessa Ying
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States
| | - Katherine M. Davis
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Mohammad R. Seyedsayamdost
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States
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2
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Alvarez-Sánchez ME, Arreola R, Quintero-Fabián S, Pérez-Sánchez G. Modified peptides and organic metabolites of cyanobacterial origin with antiplasmodial properties. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2024; 24:100530. [PMID: 38447332 PMCID: PMC10924210 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2024.100530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
As etiological agents of malaria disease, Plasmodium spp. parasites are responsible for one of the most severe global health problems occurring in tropical regions of the world. This work involved compiling marine cyanobacteria metabolites reported in the scientific literature that exhibit antiplasmodial activity. Out of the 111 compounds mined and 106 tested, two showed antiplasmodial activity at very low concentrations, with IC50 at 0.1 and 1.5 nM (peptides: dolastatin 10 and lyngbyabellin A, 1.9% of total tested). Examples of chemical derivatives generated from natural cyanobacterial compounds to enhance antiplasmodial activity and Plasmodium selectivity can be found in successful findings from nostocarboline, eudistomin, and carmaphycin derivatives, while bastimolide derivatives have not yet been found. Overall, 57% of the reviewed compounds are peptides with modified residues producing interesting active moieties, such as α- and β-epoxyketone in camaphycins. The remaining compounds belong to diverse chemical groups such as alkaloids, macrolides, polycyclic compounds, and halogenated compounds. The Dolastatin 10 and lyngbyabellin A, compounds with antiplasmodial high activity, are cytoskeletal disruptors with different protein targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elizbeth Alvarez-Sánchez
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México (UACM), San Lorenzo 290, Col. Del Valle, 03100, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Rodrigo Arreola
- Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, Colonia San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, 14370, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Saray Quintero-Fabián
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Military School of Graduate of Health, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Gilberto Pérez-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Psicoinmunología, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, Colonia San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, 14370, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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3
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Nalivaiko EY, Vasseur CM, Seebeck FP. Enzyme-Catalyzed Oxidative Degradation of Ergothioneine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318445. [PMID: 38095354 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Ergothioneine is a sulfur-containing metabolite that is produced by bacteria and fungi, and is absorbed by plants and animals as a micronutrient. Ergothioneine reacts with harmful oxidants, including singlet oxygen and hydrogen peroxide, and may therefore protect cells against oxidative stress. Herein we describe two enzymes from actinobacteria that cooperate in the specific oxidative degradation of ergothioneine. The first enzyme is an iron-dependent thiol dioxygenase that produces ergothioneine sulfinic acid. A crystal structure of ergothioneine dioxygenase from Thermocatellispora tengchongensis reveals many similarities with cysteine dioxygenases, suggesting that the two enzymes share a common mechanism. The second enzyme is a metal-dependent ergothioneine sulfinic acid desulfinase that produces Nα-trimethylhistidine and SO2 . The discovery that certain actinobacteria contain the enzymatic machinery for O2 -dependent biosynthesis and O2 -dependent degradation of ergothioneine indicates that these organisms may actively manage their ergothioneine content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egor Y Nalivaiko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 22, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Camille M Vasseur
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 22, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Florian P Seebeck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 22, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
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4
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Liu M, Yang Y, Huang JW, Dai L, Zheng Y, Cheng S, He H, Chen CC, Guo RT. Structural insights into a novel nonheme iron-dependent oxygenase in selenoneine biosynthesis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128428. [PMID: 38013086 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Selenoneine (SEN) is a natural histidine derivative with radical-scavenging activity and shows higher antioxidant potential than its sulfur-containing isolog ergothioneine (EGT). Recently, the SEN biosynthetic pathway in Variovorax paradoxus was reported. Resembling EGT biosynthesis, the committed step of SEN synthesis is catalyzed by a nonheme Fe-dependent oxygenase termed SenA. This enzyme catalyzes oxidative carbon‑selenium (C-Se) bond formation to conjugate N-α-trimethyl histidine (TMH) and selenosugar to yield selenoxide; the process parallels the EGT biosynthetic route, in which sulfoxide synthases known as EgtB members catalyze the conjugation of TMH and cysteine or γ-glutamylcysteine to afford sulfoxides. Here, we report the crystal structures of SenA and its complex with TMH and thioglucose (SGlc), an analog of selenoglucose (SeGlc) at high resolution. The overall structure of SenA adopts the archetypical fold of EgtB, which comprises a DinB-like domain and an FGE-like domain. While the TMH-binding site is highly conserved to that of EgtB, a various substrate-enzyme interaction network in the selenosugar-binding site of SenA features a number of water-mediated hydrogen bonds. The obtained structural information is beneficial for understanding the mechanism of SenA-mediated C-Se bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Yu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Jian-Wen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Longhai Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Yingyu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Shujing Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Hailin He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Chun-Chi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China; Department of Immunology and Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
| | - Rey-Ting Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China; Department of Immunology and Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
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5
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Cassier-Chauvat C, Marceau F, Farci S, Ouchane S, Chauvat F. The Glutathione System: A Journey from Cyanobacteria to Higher Eukaryotes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1199. [PMID: 37371929 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
From bacteria to plants and humans, the glutathione system plays a pleiotropic role in cell defense against metabolic, oxidative and metal stresses. Glutathione (GSH), the γ-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine nucleophile tri-peptide, is the central player of this system that acts in redox homeostasis, detoxification and iron metabolism in most living organisms. GSH directly scavenges diverse reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as singlet oxygen, superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, nitric oxide and carbon radicals. It also serves as a cofactor for various enzymes, such as glutaredoxins (Grxs), glutathione peroxidases (Gpxs), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs), which play crucial roles in cell detoxication. This review summarizes what is known concerning the GSH-system (GSH, GSH-derived metabolites and GSH-dependent enzymes) in selected model organisms (Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Arabidopsis thaliana and human), emphasizing cyanobacteria for the following reasons. Cyanobacteria are environmentally crucial and biotechnologically important organisms that are regarded as having evolved photosynthesis and the GSH system to protect themselves against the ROS produced by their active photoautotrophic metabolism. Furthermore, cyanobacteria synthesize the GSH-derived metabolites, ergothioneine and phytochelatin, that play crucial roles in cell detoxication in humans and plants, respectively. Cyanobacteria also synthesize the thiol-less GSH homologs ophthalmate and norophthalmate that serve as biomarkers of various diseases in humans. Hence, cyanobacteria are well-suited to thoroughly analyze the role/specificity/redundancy of the players of the GSH-system using a genetic approach (deletion/overproduction) that is hardly feasible with other model organisms (E. coli and S. cerevisiae do not synthesize ergothioneine, while plants and humans acquire it from their soil and their diet, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Cassier-Chauvat
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), F-91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Fanny Marceau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), F-91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Sandrine Farci
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), F-91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Soufian Ouchane
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), F-91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Franck Chauvat
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), F-91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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6
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The Transcriptional Repressor PerR Senses Sulfane Sulfur by Cysteine Persulfidation at the Structural Zn 2+ Site in Synechococcus sp. PCC7002. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020423. [PMID: 36829981 PMCID: PMC9952342 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria can perform both anoxygenic and oxygenic photosynthesis, a characteristic which ensured that these organisms were crucial in the evolution of the early Earth and the biosphere. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced in oxygenic photosynthesis and reactive sulfur species (RSS) produced in anoxygenic photosynthesis are closely related to intracellular redox equilibrium. ROS comprise superoxide anion (O2●-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals (●OH). RSS comprise H2S and sulfane sulfur (persulfide, polysulfide, and S8). Although the sensing mechanism for ROS in cyanobacteria has been explored, that of RSS has not been elucidated. Here, we studied the function of the transcriptional repressor PerR in RSS sensing in Synechococcus sp. PCC7002 (PCC7002). PerR was previously reported to sense ROS; however, our results revealed that it also participated in RSS sensing. PerR repressed the expression of prxI and downregulated the tolerance of PCC7002 to polysulfide (H2Sn). The reporter system indicated that PerR sensed H2Sn. Cys121 of the Cys4:Zn2+ site, which contains four cysteines (Cys121, Cys124, Cys160, and Cys163) bound to one zinc atom, could be modified by H2Sn to Cys121-SSH, as a result of which the zinc atom was released from the site. Moreover, Cys19 could also be modified by polysulfide to Cys19-SSH. Thus, our results reveal that PerR, a representative of the Cys4 zinc finger proteins, senses H2Sn. Our findings provide a new perspective to explore the adaptation strategy of cyanobacteria in Proterozoic and contemporary sulfurization oceans.
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7
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Wu P, Gu Y, Liao L, Wu Y, Jin J, Wang Z, Zhou J, Shaik S, Wang B. Coordination Switch Drives Selective C−S Bond Formation by the Non‐Heme Sulfoxide Synthases**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202214235. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Ningxia University Yinchuan 750021 China
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM) Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Yang Gu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for the Intelligent Microbial Manufacturing of Medicine Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Langxing Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM) Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Yanfei Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for the Intelligent Microbial Manufacturing of Medicine Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Jiaoyu Jin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for the Intelligent Microbial Manufacturing of Medicine Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Zhanfeng Wang
- Center for Advanced Materials Research Beijing Normal University Zhuhai 519087 China
| | - Jiahai Zhou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for the Intelligent Microbial Manufacturing of Medicine Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Sason Shaik
- Institute of Chemistry The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem 9190401 Israel
| | - Binju Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM) Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
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8
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Beliaeva M, Seebeck FP. Discovery and Characterization of the Metallopterin-Dependent Ergothioneine Synthase from Caldithrix abyssi. JACS AU 2022; 2:2098-2107. [PMID: 36186560 PMCID: PMC9516567 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Ergothioneine is a histidine derivative with a 2-mercaptoimidazole side chain and a trimethylated α-amino group. Although the physiological function of this natural product is not yet understood, the facts that many bacteria, some archaea, and most fungi produce ergothioneine and that plants and animals have specific mechanisms to absorb and distribute ergothioneine in specific tissues suggest a fundamental role in cellular life. The observation that ergothioneine biosynthesis has emerged multiple times in molecular evolution points to the same conclusion. Aerobic bacteria and fungi attach sulfur to the imidazole ring of trimethylhistidine via an O2-dependent reaction that is catalyzed by a mononuclear non-heme iron enzyme. Green sulfur bacteria and archaea use a rhodanese-like sulfur transferase to attach sulfur via oxidative polar substitution. In this report, we describe a third unrelated class of enzymes that catalyze sulfur transfer in ergothioneine production. The metallopterin-dependent ergothioneine synthase from Caldithrix abyssi contains an N-terminal module that is related to the tungsten-dependent acetylene hydratase and a C-terminal domain that is a functional cysteine desulfurase. The two modules cooperate to transfer sulfur from cysteine onto trimethylhistidine. Inactivation of the C-terminal desulfurase blocks ergothioneine production but maintains the ability of the metallopterin to exchange sulfur between ergothioneine and trimethylhistidine. Homologous bifunctional enzymes are encoded exclusively in anaerobic bacterial and archaeal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia
A. Beliaeva
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
- Molecular
Systems Engineering, National Competence
Center in Research (NCCR), 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Florian P. Seebeck
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
- Molecular
Systems Engineering, National Competence
Center in Research (NCCR), 4058 Basel, Switzerland
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9
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Abstract
Significance: Ergothioneine (ET) is an unusual sulfur-containing amino acid derived from histidine, acquired predominantly from food. Its depletion is associated with deleterious consequences in response to stress stimuli in cell culture models, prompting us to classify it as a vitamin in 2010, which was later supported by in vivo studies. ET is obtained from a variety of foods and is taken up by a selective transporter. ET possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that confer cytoprotection. ET crosses the blood-brain barrier and has been reported to have beneficial effects in the brain. In this study, we discuss the cytoprotective and neuroprotective properties of ET, which may be harnessed for combating neurodegeneration and decline during aging. Recent Advances: The designation of ET as a stress vitamin is gaining momentum, opening a new field of investigation involving small molecules that are essential for optimal physiological functioning and maintenance of health span. Critical Issues: Although ET was discovered more than a century ago, its physiological functions are still being elucidated, especially in the brain. As ET is present in most foods, toxicity associated with its deprivation has been difficult to assess. Future Directions: Using genetically engineered cells and mice, it may now be possible to elucidate roles of ET. This coupled with advances in genomics and metabolomics may lead to identification of ET function. As ET is a stable antioxidant with anti-inflammatory properties, whose levels decline during aging, supplementing ET in the diet or consuming an ET-rich diet may prove beneficial. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 1306-1317.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bindu D Paul
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, and Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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10
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Cordell GA, Lamahewage SNS. Ergothioneine, Ovothiol A, and Selenoneine-Histidine-Derived, Biologically Significant, Trace Global Alkaloids. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27092673. [PMID: 35566030 PMCID: PMC9103826 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The history, chemistry, biology, and biosynthesis of the globally occurring histidine-derived alkaloids ergothioneine (10), ovothiol A (11), and selenoneine (12) are reviewed comparatively and their significance to human well-being is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey A. Cordell
- Natural Products Inc., Evanston, IL 60202, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Sujeewa N. S. Lamahewage
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ruhuna, Matara 81000, Sri Lanka
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11
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Yan Q, Huang H, Zhang X. In Vitro Reconstitution of a Bacterial Ergothioneine Sulfonate Catabolic Pathway. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiongxiang Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Institute of Ecological Science, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Hua Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Institute of Ecological Science, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Xinshuai Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Institute of Ecological Science, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
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12
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Fu TT, Shen L. Ergothioneine as a Natural Antioxidant Against Oxidative Stress-Related Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:850813. [PMID: 35370675 PMCID: PMC8971627 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.850813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
L-Ergothioneine (EGT) is a natural antioxidant derived from microorganisms, especially in edible mushrooms. EGT is found to be highly accumulated in tissues that are susceptible to oxidative damage, and it has attracted extensive attention due to its powerful antioxidant activity and the tight relationships of this natural product with various oxidative stress-related diseases. Herein, we 1) introduce the biological source and in vivo distribution of EGT; 2) review the currently available evidence concerning the relationships of EGT with diabetes, ischemia-reperfusion injury-related diseases like cardiovascular diseases and liver diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and other diseases pathogenically associated with oxidative stress; 3) summarize the potential action mechanisms of EGT against these diseases; 4) discuss the advantages of EGT over other antioxidants; and 5) also propose several future research perspectives for EGT. These may help to promote the future application of this attractive natural antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Tong Fu
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
- Shandong Provincial Research Center for Bioinformatic Engineering and Technique, Zibo Key Laboratory of New Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Liang Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
- Shandong Provincial Research Center for Bioinformatic Engineering and Technique, Zibo Key Laboratory of New Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
- *Correspondence: Liang Shen,
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13
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Gründemann D, Hartmann L, Flögel S. The Ergothioneine Transporter (ETT): Substrates and Locations, an Inventory. FEBS Lett 2021; 596:1252-1269. [PMID: 34958679 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In all vertebrates including mammals, the ergothioneine transporter ETT (obsolete name OCTN1; human gene symbol SLC22A4) is a powerful and highly specific transporter for the uptake of ergothioneine (ET). ETT is not expressed ubiquitously and only cells with high ETT cell-surface levels can accumulate ET to high concentration. Without ETT, there is no uptake because the plasma membrane is essentially impermeable to this hydrophilic zwitterion. Here, we review the substrate specificity and localization of ETT, which is prominently expressed in neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages, and developing erythrocytes. Most sites of strong expression are conserved across species, but there are also major differences. In particular, we critically analyze the evidence for the expression of ETT in the brain as well as recent data suggesting that the transporter SLC22A15 may transport also ET. We conclude that, to date, ETT remains the only well-defined biomarker for intracellular ET activity. In humans, the ability to take up, distribute, and retain ET depends principally on this transporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Gründemann
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Gleueler Straße 24, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lea Hartmann
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Gleueler Straße 24, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Svenja Flögel
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Gleueler Straße 24, 50931, Cologne, Germany
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14
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Rai R, Singh S, Rai KK, Raj A, Sriwastaw S, Rai LC. Regulation of antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems in cyanobacteria. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 168:353-372. [PMID: 34700048 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is common consequence of abiotic stress in plants as well as cyanobacteria caused by generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), an inevitable product of respiration and photosynthetic electron transport. ROS act as signalling molecule at low concentration however, when its production exceeds the endurance capacity of antioxidative defence system, the organisms suffer oxidative stress. A highly toxic metabolite, methylglyoxal (MG) is also produced in cyanobacteria in response to various abiotic stresses which consequently augment the ensuing oxidative damage. Taking recourse to the common lineage of eukaryotic plants and cyanobacteria, it would be worthwhile to explore the regulatory role of glyoxalase system and antioxidative defense mechanism in combating abiotic stress in cyanobacteria. This review provides comprehensive information on the complete glyoxalase system (GlyI, GlyII and GlyIII) in cyanobacteria. Furthermore, it elucidates the recent understanding regarding the production of ROS and MG, noteworthy link between intracellular MG and ROS and its detoxification via synchronization of antioxidants (enzymatic and non-enzymatic) and glyoxalase systems using glutathione (GSH) as common co-factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Rai
- Molecular Biology Section, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Shilpi Singh
- Molecular Biology Section, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Krishna Kumar Rai
- Molecular Biology Section, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Alka Raj
- Molecular Biology Section, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Sonam Sriwastaw
- Molecular Biology Section, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - L C Rai
- Molecular Biology Section, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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15
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Brancaccio M, Tangherlini M, Danovaro R, Castellano I. Metabolic adaptations to marine environments: molecular diversity and evolution of ovothiol biosynthesis in Bacteria. Genome Biol Evol 2021; 13:6323227. [PMID: 34272861 PMCID: PMC8433421 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evab169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovothiols are sulfur-containing amino acids synthesized by marine invertebrates, protozoans, and bacteria. They act as pleiotropic molecules in signaling and protection against oxidative stress. The discovery of ovothiol biosynthetic enzymes, sulfoxide synthase OvoA and β-lyase OvoB, paves the way for a systematic investigation of ovothiol distribution and molecular diversification in nature. In this work, we conducted genomic and metagenomics data mining to investigate the distribution and diversification of ovothiol biosynthetic enzymes in Bacteria. We identified the bacteria endowed with this secondary metabolic pathway, described their taxonomy, habitat and biotic interactions in order to provide insight into their adaptation to specific environments. We report that OvoA and OvoB are mostly encountered in marine aerobic Proteobacteria, some of them establishing symbiotic or parasitic relationships with other organisms. We identified a horizontal gene transfer event of OvoB from Bacteroidetes living in symbiosis with Hydrozoa. Our search within the Ocean Gene Atlas revealed the occurrence of ovothiol biosynthetic genes in Proteobacteria living in a wide range of pelagic and highly oxygenated environments. Finally, we tracked the evolutionary history of ovothiol biosynthesis from marine bacteria to unicellular eukaryotes and metazoans. Our analysis provides new conceptual elements to unravel the evolutionary and ecological significance of ovothiol biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariarita Brancaccio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Michael Tangherlini
- Department of Research Infrastructures for Marine Biological Resources, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Fano Marine Centre, Fano, Italy
| | - Roberto Danovaro
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.,Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Naples, Italy
| | - Immacolata Castellano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn Napoli, Naples, Italy
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16
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Beliaeva MA, Leisinger F, Seebeck FP. In Vitro Reconstitution of a Five-Step Pathway for Bacterial Ergothioneine Catabolism. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:397-403. [PMID: 33544568 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Ergothioneine is a histidine-derived sulfur metabolite that is biosynthesized by bacteria and fungi. Plants and animals absorb ergothioneine as a micronutrient from their environment or nutrition. Several different mechanisms of microbial ergothioneine production have been described in the past ten years. Much less is known about the genetic and structural basis for ergothioneine catabolism. In this report, we describe the in vitro reconstitution of a five-step pathway that degrades ergothioneine to l-glutamate, trimethylamine, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, and ammonia. The first two steps are catalyzed by the two enzymes ergothionase and thiourocanate hydratase. These enzymes are closely related to the first two enzymes in histidine catabolism. However, the crystal structure of thiourocanate hydratase from the firmicute Paenibacillus sp. reveals specific structural features that strictly differentiate the activity of this enzyme from that of urocanate hydratases. The final two steps are catalyzed by metal-dependent hydrolases that share most homology with the last two enzymes in uracil catabolism. The early and late part of this pathway are connected by an entirely new enzyme type that catalyzes desulfurization of a thiohydantoin intermediate. Homologous enzymes are encoded in many soil-dwelling firmicutes and proteobacteria, suggesting that bacterial activity may have a significant impact on the environmental availability of ergothioneine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia A. Beliaeva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - Florian Leisinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - Florian P. Seebeck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, Basel 4002, Switzerland
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17
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Borodina I, Kenny LC, McCarthy CM, Paramasivan K, Pretorius E, Roberts TJ, van der Hoek SA, Kell DB. The biology of ergothioneine, an antioxidant nutraceutical. Nutr Res Rev 2020; 33:190-217. [PMID: 32051057 PMCID: PMC7653990 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422419000301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ergothioneine (ERG) is an unusual thio-histidine betaine amino acid that has potent antioxidant activities. It is synthesised by a variety of microbes, especially fungi (including in mushroom fruiting bodies) and actinobacteria, but is not synthesised by plants and animals who acquire it via the soil and their diet, respectively. Animals have evolved a highly selective transporter for it, known as solute carrier family 22, member 4 (SLC22A4) in humans, signifying its importance, and ERG may even have the status of a vitamin. ERG accumulates differentially in various tissues, according to their expression of SLC22A4, favouring those such as erythrocytes that may be subject to oxidative stress. Mushroom or ERG consumption seems to provide significant prevention against oxidative stress in a large variety of systems. ERG seems to have strong cytoprotective status, and its concentration is lowered in a number of chronic inflammatory diseases. It has been passed as safe by regulatory agencies, and may have value as a nutraceutical and antioxidant more generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Borodina
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Building 220, Chemitorvet 200, Technical University of Denmark, 2800Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Louise C. Kenny
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, LiverpoolL8 7SS, UK
| | - Cathal M. McCarthy
- Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research (INFANT), Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Republic of Ireland
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork, Republic of Ireland
| | - Kalaivani Paramasivan
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Building 220, Chemitorvet 200, Technical University of Denmark, 2800Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1 Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Timothy J. Roberts
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1 Matieland, 7602, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, LiverpoolL69 7ZB, UK
| | - Steven A. van der Hoek
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Building 220, Chemitorvet 200, Technical University of Denmark, 2800Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Douglas B. Kell
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Building 220, Chemitorvet 200, Technical University of Denmark, 2800Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1 Matieland, 7602, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, LiverpoolL69 7ZB, UK
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18
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Structural basis of ergothioneine biosynthesis. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2020; 65:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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19
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The catalytic mechanism of sulfoxide synthases. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2020; 59:111-118. [PMID: 32726707 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sulfoxide synthases are non-heme iron enzymes that catalyze oxidative carbonsulfur bond formation in the biosynthesis of thiohistidines such as ergothioneine and ovothiol. The catalytic mechanism of these enzymes has been studied by protein crystallography, steady-state kinetics, non-natural amino acid incorporation and computational modeling. This review discusses the current status of this research and also highlights similarities between the CS bond forming activity of sulfoxide synthases with that of synthetic coordination compounds.
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20
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Milito A, Castellano I, Burn R, Seebeck FP, Brunet C, Palumbo A. First evidence of ovothiol biosynthesis in marine diatoms. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 152:680-688. [PMID: 31935446 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Ovothiols are histidine-derived thiols that are receiving a great interest for their biological activities in human model systems. Thanks to the position of the thiol group on the imidazole ring of histidine, these compounds exhibit unusual antioxidant properties. They have been revealing a very promising pharmacological potential due to their anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as anti-fibrotic activities not always related to their antioxidant power. Ovothiols occur in three differentially methylated forms (A, B and C), isolated from ovary, eggs and biological fluids of many marine invertebrates, mollusks, microalgae, and pathogenic protozoa. These molecules are synthesized by two enzymes: the sulfoxide synthase OvoA and the sulfoxide lyase OvoB. OvoA catalyzes the insertion of the sulfur atom of cysteine on the imidazole ring of histidine, leading to the formation of a sulfoxide intermediate. This is then cleaved by OvoB, giving 5-thiohistidine, finally methylated on the imidazole ring thanks to the methyltransferase domain of OvoA. Recent studies have shown that OvoA homologs are encoded in a wide variety of genomes suggesting that ovothiol biosynthesis is much more widespread in nature than initially thought. Here we have investigated the OvoA occurrence in diatoms, one of the most abundant group of microalgae, dominating marine and freshwater environments. They are considered a very good model system for both biology/photophysiology studies and for biotechnological applications. We have performed comparative sequence and phylogenetic analyses of OvoA from diatoms, highlighting a high degree of conservation of the canonical domain architecture in the analyzed species, as well as a clear clustering of OvoA in the two different morphological groups, i.e. centric and pennate diatoms. The in silico analyses have also revealed that OvoA gene expression is modulated by growth conditions. More importantly, we have characterized the thiol fraction from cultures of the coastal centric diatom Skeletonema marinoi, providing the first evidence of ovothiol B biosynthesis in diatoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonsina Milito
- Dept. of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121, Naples, Italy
| | - Immacolata Castellano
- Dept. of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121, Naples, Italy
| | - Reto Burn
- Dept. of Chemistry, University of Basel, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Christophe Brunet
- Dept. of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Palumbo
- Dept. of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121, Naples, Italy.
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21
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Rawat M, Maupin-Furlow JA. Redox and Thiols in Archaea. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9050381. [PMID: 32380716 PMCID: PMC7278568 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9050381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Low molecular weight (LMW) thiols have many functions in bacteria and eukarya, ranging from redox homeostasis to acting as cofactors in numerous reactions, including detoxification of xenobiotic compounds. The LMW thiol, glutathione (GSH), is found in eukaryotes and many species of bacteria. Analogues of GSH include the structurally different LMW thiols: bacillithiol, mycothiol, ergothioneine, and coenzyme A. Many advances have been made in understanding the diverse and multiple functions of GSH and GSH analogues in bacteria but much less is known about distribution and functions of GSH and its analogues in archaea, which constitute the third domain of life, occupying many niches, including those in extreme environments. Archaea are able to use many energy sources and have many unique metabolic reactions and as a result are major contributors to geochemical cycles. As LMW thiols are major players in cells, this review explores the distribution of thiols and their biochemistry in archaea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamta Rawat
- Biology Department, California State University, Fresno, CA 93740, USA
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (J.A.M.-F.)
| | - Julie A. Maupin-Furlow
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (J.A.M.-F.)
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22
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Goncharenko KV, Flückiger S, Liao C, Lim D, Stampfli AR, Seebeck FP. Selenocysteine as a Substrate, an Inhibitor and a Mechanistic Probe for Bacterial and Fungal Iron-Dependent Sulfoxide Synthases. Chemistry 2020; 26:1328-1334. [PMID: 31545545 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Sulfoxide synthases are non-heme iron enzymes that participate in the biosynthesis of thiohistidines, such as ergothioneine and ovothiol A. The sulfoxide synthase EgtB from Chloracidobacterium thermophilum (CthEgtB) catalyzes oxidative coupling between the side chains of N-α-trimethyl histidine (TMH) and cysteine (Cys) in a reaction that entails complete reduction of molecular oxygen, carbon-sulfur (C-S) and sulfur-oxygen (S-O) bond formation as well as carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bond cleavage. In this report, we show that CthEgtB and other bacterial sulfoxide synthases cannot efficiently accept selenocysteine (SeCys) as a substrate in place of cysteine. In contrast, the sulfoxide synthase from the filamentous fungus Chaetomium thermophilum (CthEgt1) catalyzes C-S and C-Se bond formation at almost equal efficiency. We discuss evidence suggesting that this functional difference between bacterial and fungal sulfoxide synthases emerges from different modes of oxygen activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina V Goncharenko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Flückiger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cangsong Liao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - David Lim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anja R Stampfli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Florian P Seebeck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
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23
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Abstract
Natural nonproteinogenic amino acids vastly outnumber the well-known 22 proteinogenic amino acids. Such amino acids are generated in specialized metabolic pathways. In these pathways, diverse biosynthetic transformations, ranging from isomerizations to the stereospecific functionalization of C-H bonds, are employed to generate structural diversity. The resulting nonproteinogenic amino acids can be integrated into more complex natural products. Here we review recently discovered biosynthetic routes to freestanding nonproteinogenic α-amino acids, with an emphasis on work reported between 2013 and mid-2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason B Hedges
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Katherine S Ryan
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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24
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Gerdol M, Sollitto M, Pallavicini A, Castellano I. The complex evolutionary history of sulfoxide synthase in ovothiol biosynthesis. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20191812. [PMID: 31771466 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.1812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfoxide synthases are enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of small sulfur-containing natural products. Their enzymatic activity represents a unique sulfur transfer strategy in nature that is the insertion of a sulfur atom on the imidazole ring of histidine. To date, only two enzymes are known to carry out this function: the sulfoxide synthase EgtB, involved in the biosynthesis of ergothioneine in fungi and bacteria, and the 5-histidylcysteine sulfoxide synthase OvoA, involved in the biosynthesis of ovothiols, found in the eggs and biological fluids of marine invertebrates, some proteobacteria and protists. In particular, ovothiols, thanks to their unique redox properties, are probably the most intriguing marine sulfur-containing molecules. Although they have long been considered as cellular protective molecules, new evidence suggest that their biological activities and ecological role might be more complex than originally thought. Here, we investigate the evolutionary history of OvoA in Metazoa, reporting its monophyletic ancient origins, which could be traced back to the latest common ancestor of Choanozoa. Nevertheless, we show that OvoA is missing in several major extant taxa and we discuss this patchy distribution in the light of the massive genome reduction events documented in Metazoa. We also highlight two interesting cases of secondary acquisition through horizontal gene transfer, which occurred in hydrozoans and bdelloid rotifers. The evolutionary success of this metabolic pathway is probably ascribable to its role in the maintenance of cellular redox homeostasis, which enables organisms to survive in different environmental niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Gerdol
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marco Sollitto
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alberto Pallavicini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
| | - Immacolata Castellano
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
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25
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Naowarojna N, Irani S, Hu W, Cheng R, Zhang L, Li X, Chen J, Zhang YJ, Liu P. Crystal Structure of the Ergothioneine Sulfoxide Synthase from Candidatus Chloracidobacterium thermophilum and Structure-Guided Engineering To Modulate Its Substrate Selectivity. ACS Catal 2019; 9:6955-6961. [PMID: 32257583 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b02054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Ergothioneine is a thiohistidine derivative with potential benefits on many aging-related diseases. The central step of aerobic ergothioneine biosynthesis is the oxidative C-S bond formation reaction catalyzed by mononuclear nonheme iron sulfoxide synthases (EgtB and Egt1). Thus far, only the Mycobacterium thermoresistibile EgtB (EgtB Mth ) crystal structure is available, while the structural information for the more industrially attractive Egt1 enzyme is not. Herein, we reported the crystal structure of the ergothioneine sulfoxide synthase (EgtB Cth ) from Candidatus Chloracidobacterium thermophilum. EgtB Cth has both EgtB- and Egt1-type of activities. Guided by the structural information, we conducted Rosetta Enzyme Design calculations, and we biochemically demonstrated that EgtB Cth can be engineered more toward Egt1-type of activity. This study provides information regarding the factors governing the substrate selectivity in Egt1- and EgtB-catalysis and lays the groundwork for future sulfoxide synthase engineering toward the development of an effective ergothioneine process through a synthetic biology approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathchar Naowarojna
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Seema Irani
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Weiyao Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ronghai Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Xinhao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jiesheng Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yan Jessie Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Pinghua Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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26
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Castellano I, Seebeck FP. On ovothiol biosynthesis and biological roles: from life in the ocean to therapeutic potential. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 35:1241-1250. [PMID: 30052250 DOI: 10.1039/c8np00045j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Covering: up to 2018 Ovothiols are sulfur-containing natural products biosynthesized by marine invertebrates, microalgae, and bacteria. These compounds are characterized by unique chemical properties suggestive of numerous cellular functions. For example, ovothiols may be cytoprotectants against oxidative stress, serve as building blocks of more complex structures and may act as molecular messengers for inter- and intracellular signaling. Detailed understanding of ovothiol physiological role in marine organisms may unearth novel concepts in cellular redox biochemistry and highlight the therapeutic potential of this antioxidant. The recent discovery of ovothiol biosynthetic genes has paved the way for a systematic investigation of ovothiol-modulated cellular processes. In this highlight we review the early research on ovothiol and we discuss key questions that may now be addressed using genome-based approaches. This highlight article provides an overview of recent progress towards elucidating the biosynthesis, function and potential application of ovothiols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Immacolata Castellano
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Napoli, Italy.
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27
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Maurer A, Leisinger F, Lim D, Seebeck FP. Structure and Mechanism of Ergothionase fromTreponema denticola. Chemistry 2019; 25:10298-10303. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Maurer
- Department for ChemistryUniversity of Basel Mattenstrasse 24a Basel 4002 Switzerland
| | - Florian Leisinger
- Department for ChemistryUniversity of Basel Mattenstrasse 24a Basel 4002 Switzerland
| | - David Lim
- Department for ChemistryUniversity of Basel Mattenstrasse 24a Basel 4002 Switzerland
| | - Florian P. Seebeck
- Department for ChemistryUniversity of Basel Mattenstrasse 24a Basel 4002 Switzerland
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28
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Leisinger F, Burn R, Meury M, Lukat P, Seebeck FP. Structural and Mechanistic Basis for Anaerobic Ergothioneine Biosynthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:6906-6914. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b12596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Leisinger
- Department for Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1002, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Reto Burn
- Department for Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1002, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Meury
- Department for Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1002, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peer Lukat
- Structure and Function of Proteins, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Florian P. Seebeck
- Department for Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1002, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
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29
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Oumari M, Goldfuss B, Stoffels C, Schmalz HG, Gründemann D. Regeneration of ergothioneine after reaction with singlet oxygen. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 134:498-504. [PMID: 30721726 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Ergothioneine (ET), an imidazole-2-thione derivative of histidine betaine, is generally considered an antioxidant. Important antioxidants are typically regenerated from their oxidized products, to prevent the interceptors from being lost after a single chemical reaction with a reactive oxygen species. However, no mechanism for the complete regeneration of ET has yet been uncovered. Here we define a non-enzymatic multi-step cycle for the regeneration of ET after reaction with singlet oxygen (1O2). All reaction steps were verified by density functional theory computations. Four molecules of GSH are used per turn to detoxify 1O2 to water. Pure 1O2 was generated by thermolysis at 37 °C of the endoperoxide DHPNO2. Addition of 1 mM ET to 10 mM DHPNO2 and 10 mM GSH increased the production of oxidized GSH (GSSG), measured by LC-MS/MS, by a factor of 26 (water) and 28 (D2O), respectively. In the same assay, the ring of ET alone was able to drive the cycle at equal speed; thus, the zwitterionic amino acid backbone was not involved. Our data suggest that ET reacts at least 4-fold faster with 1O2 than ascorbic acid. ET must now be viewed as tightly linked with the GSH/GSSG redox couple. The necessary thiol foundation is present in all mammalian and vertebrate cells, and also in all species that generate ET, such as cyanobacteria, mycobacteria, and fungi. Regeneration provides a decisive advantage for ET over other reactive, but non-recoverable, compounds. Our findings substantiate the importance of ET for the eradication of noxious 1O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mhmd Oumari
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Gleueler Straße 24, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bernd Goldfuss
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christopher Stoffels
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Gleueler Straße 24, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hans-Günther Schmalz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dirk Gründemann
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Gleueler Straße 24, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
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30
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Stampfli AR, Goncharenko KV, Meury M, Dubey BN, Schirmer T, Seebeck FP. An Alternative Active Site Architecture for O 2 Activation in the Ergothioneine Biosynthetic EgtB from Chloracidobacterium thermophilum. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:5275-5285. [PMID: 30883103 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b13023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sulfoxide synthases are nonheme iron enzymes that catalyze oxidative carbon-sulfur bond formation between cysteine derivatives and N-α-trimethylhistidine as a key step in the biosynthesis of thiohistidines. The complex catalytic mechanism of this enzyme reaction has emerged as the controversial subject of several biochemical and computational studies. These studies all used the structure of the γ-glutamyl cysteine utilizing sulfoxide synthase, MthEgtB from Mycobacterium thermophilum (EC 1.14.99.50), as a structural basis. To provide an alternative model system, we have solved the crystal structure of CthEgtB from Chloracidobacterium thermophilum (EC 1.14.99.51) that utilizes cysteine as a sulfur donor. This structure reveals a completely different configuration of active site residues that are involved in oxygen binding and activation. Furthermore, comparison of the two EgtB structures enables a classification of all ergothioneine biosynthetic EgtBs into five subtypes, each characterized by unique active-site features. This active site diversity provides an excellent platform to examine the catalytic mechanism of sulfoxide synthases by comparative enzymology, but also raises the question as to why so many different solutions to the same biosynthetic problem have emerged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja R Stampfli
- Department of Chemistry , University of Basel , Mattenstrasse 24a , Basel 4002 , Switzerland.,Focal Area Structural Biology and Biophysics, Biozentrum , University of Basel , Basel 4056 , Switzerland
| | - Kristina V Goncharenko
- Department of Chemistry , University of Basel , Mattenstrasse 24a , Basel 4002 , Switzerland
| | - Marcel Meury
- Department of Chemistry , University of Basel , Mattenstrasse 24a , Basel 4002 , Switzerland
| | - Badri N Dubey
- Focal Area Structural Biology and Biophysics, Biozentrum , University of Basel , Basel 4056 , Switzerland
| | - Tilman Schirmer
- Focal Area Structural Biology and Biophysics, Biozentrum , University of Basel , Basel 4056 , Switzerland
| | - Florian P Seebeck
- Department of Chemistry , University of Basel , Mattenstrasse 24a , Basel 4002 , Switzerland
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31
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Tanaka N, Kawano Y, Satoh Y, Dairi T, Ohtsu I. Gram-scale fermentative production of ergothioneine driven by overproduction of cysteine in Escherichia coli. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1895. [PMID: 30760790 PMCID: PMC6374457 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38382-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ergothioneine (ERG), a unique thiol compound, is suggested to function as an antioxidant and cytoprotectant. Despite several recent attempts to produce ERG using various organisms, its yield was still very low and the costs remained high. Since the level of ERG produced depends strictly on the availability of three distinct precursor amino acids (l-cysteine (Cys), l-histidine, and l-methionine (Met)), metabolic engineering for enhancement of the flux toward ERG biosynthesis is required. Herein, we took advantage of a high-Cys production system using Escherichia coli cells, in which Cys biosynthesis and excretion were activated, and applied it to the fermentative production of ERG from glucose. The Cys overproduction in E. coli cells carrying the egtBCDE genes from Mycobacterium smegmatis was effective for ERG production. Furthermore, coexpression of the egtA gene, which encodes γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase that synthesizes the γ-glutamylcysteine used as a sulfur source of ERG biosynthesis, enhanced ERG production even though E. coli intrinsically has γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Additionally, disruption of the metJ gene that encodes the transcriptional repressor involved in Met metabolism was effective in further increasing the production of ERG. Finally, we succeeded in the high-level production of 1.31 g/L ERG in a fed-batch culture process using a jar fermenter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Tanaka
- Gradutate of School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kawano
- Gradutate of School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Satoh
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13 & W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Tohru Dairi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13 & W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Iwao Ohtsu
- Gradutate of School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan.
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32
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Zallot R, Oberg NO, Gerlt JA. 'Democratized' genomic enzymology web tools for functional assignment. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2018; 47:77-85. [PMID: 30268904 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The protein databases contain an exponentially growing number of sequences as a result of the recent increase in ease and decrease in cost of genome sequencing. The rate of data accumulation far exceeds the rate of functional studies, producing an increase in genomic 'dark matter', sequences for which no precise and validated function is defined. Publicly accessible, that is 'democratized,' genomic enzymology web tools are essential to leverage the protein and genome databases for discovery of the in vitro activities and in vivo functions of novel enzymes and proteins belonging to the dark matter. In this review, we discuss the use of web tools that have proven successful for functional assignment. We also describe a mechanism for ensuring the capture of published functional data so that the quality of both curated and automated annotations transfer can be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Zallot
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Nils O Oberg
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - John A Gerlt
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, United States; Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, United States; Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, United States.
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33
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Naowarojna N, Huang P, Cai Y, Song H, Wu L, Cheng R, Li Y, Wang S, Lyu H, Zhang L, Zhou J, Liu P. In Vitro Reconstitution of the Remaining Steps in Ovothiol A Biosynthesis: C–S Lyase and Methyltransferase Reactions. Org Lett 2018; 20:5427-5430. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathchar Naowarojna
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Pei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yujuan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Heng Song
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Lian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ronghai Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Huijue Lyu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Lixin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Jiahai Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pinghua Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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34
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Gamage AM, Liao C, Cheah IK, Chen Y, Lim DRX, Ku JWK, Chee RSL, Gengenbacher M, Seebeck FP, Halliwell B, Gan YH. The proteobacterial species Burkholderia pseudomallei produces ergothioneine, which enhances virulence in mammalian infection. FASEB J 2018; 32:fj201800716. [PMID: 29890088 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria use various endogenous antioxidants for protection against oxidative stress associated with environmental survival or host infection. Although glutathione (GSH) is the most abundant and widely used antioxidant in Proteobacteria, ergothioneine (EGT) is another microbial antioxidant, mainly produced by fungi and Actinobacteria. The Burkholderia genus is found in diverse environmental niches. We observed that gene homologs required for the synthesis of EGT are widely distributed throughout the genus. By generating gene-deletion mutants and monitoring production with isotope-labeled substrates, we show that pathogenic Burkholderia pseudomallei and environmental B. thailandensis are able to synthesize EGT de novo. Unlike most other bacterial EGT synthesis pathways described, Burkholderia spp. use cysteine rather than γ-glutamyl cysteine as the thiol donor. Analysis of recombinant EgtB indicated that it is a proficient sulfoxide synthase, despite divergence in the active site architecture from that of mycobacteria. The absence of GSH, but not EGT, increased bacterial susceptibility to oxidative stresses in vitro. However, deletion of EGT synthesis conferred a reduced fitness to B. pseudomallei, with a delay in organ colonization and time to death during mouse infection. Therefore, despite the lack of an apparent antioxidant role in vitro, EGT is important for optimal bacterial pathogenesis in the mammalian host.-Gamage, A. M., Liao, C., Cheah, I. K., Chen, Y., Lim, D. R. X., Ku, J. W. K., Chee, R. S. L., Gengenbacher, M., Seebeck, F. P., Halliwell, B., Gan, Y.-H. The proteobacterial species Burkholderia pseudomallei produces ergothioneine, which enhances virulence in mammalian infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshamal M Gamage
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cangsong Liao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Irwin K Cheah
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yahua Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniel R X Lim
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joanne W K Ku
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rhonda Sin Ling Chee
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Martin Gengenbacher
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Barry Halliwell
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yunn-Hwen Gan
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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35
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Misson L, Burn R, Vit A, Hildesheim J, Beliaeva MA, Blankenfeldt W, Seebeck FP. Inhibition and Regulation of the Ergothioneine Biosynthetic Methyltransferase EgtD. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:1333-1342. [PMID: 29658702 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ergothioneine is an emerging factor in cellular redox homeostasis in bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals. Reports that ergothioneine biosynthesis may be important for the pathogenicity of bacteria and fungi raise the question as to how this pathway is regulated and whether the corresponding enzymes may be therapeutic targets. The first step in ergothioneine biosynthesis is catalyzed by the methyltransferase EgtD that converts histidine into N-α-trimethylhistidine. This report examines the kinetic, thermodynamic and structural basis for substrate, product, and inhibitor binding by EgtD from Mycobacterium smegmatis. This study reveals an unprecedented substrate binding mechanism and a fine-tuned affinity landscape as determinants for product specificity and product inhibition. Both properties are evolved features that optimize the function of EgtD in the context of cellular ergothioneine production. On the basis of these findings, we developed a series of simple histidine derivatives that inhibit methyltransferase activity at low micromolar concentrations. Crystal structures of inhibited complexes validate this structure- and mechanism-based design strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laëtitia Misson
- Department for Chemistry, University of Basel, BPR 1096, Mattenstrasse 24a, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Reto Burn
- Department for Chemistry, University of Basel, BPR 1096, Mattenstrasse 24a, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Allegra Vit
- Structure and Function of Proteins, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Julia Hildesheim
- Department for Chemistry, University of Basel, BPR 1096, Mattenstrasse 24a, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mariia A. Beliaeva
- Department for Chemistry, University of Basel, BPR 1096, Mattenstrasse 24a, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wulf Blankenfeldt
- Structure and Function of Proteins, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
- Institute for Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Florian P. Seebeck
- Department for Chemistry, University of Basel, BPR 1096, Mattenstrasse 24a, Basel, Switzerland
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36
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Naowarojna N, Cheng R, Chen L, Quill M, Xu M, Zhao C, Liu P. Mini-Review: Ergothioneine and Ovothiol Biosyntheses, an Unprecedented Trans-Sulfur Strategy in Natural Product Biosynthesis. Biochemistry 2018; 57:3309-3325. [PMID: 29589901 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most abundant elements on earth, sulfur is part of many small molecular metabolites and is key to their biological activities. Over the past few decades, some general strategies have been discovered for the incorporation of sulfur into natural products. In this review, we summarize recent efforts in elucidating the biosynthetic details for two sulfur-containing metabolites, ergothioneine and ovothiol. Their biosyntheses involve an unprecedented trans-sulfur strategy, a combination of a mononuclear non-heme iron enzyme-catalyzed oxidative C-S bond formation reaction and a PLP enzyme-mediated C-S lyase reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathchar Naowarojna
- Department of Chemistry , Boston University , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
| | - Ronghai Cheng
- Department of Chemistry , Boston University , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Chemistry , Boston University , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States.,Key Laboratory of Combinatory Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan , Hubei 430072 , People's Republic of China
| | - Melissa Quill
- Department of Chemistry , Boston University , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
| | - Meiling Xu
- Department of Chemistry , Boston University , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
| | - Changming Zhao
- Department of Chemistry , Boston University , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States.,Key Laboratory of Combinatory Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan , Hubei 430072 , People's Republic of China
| | - Pinghua Liu
- Department of Chemistry , Boston University , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
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