1
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Min Q, Ji X. Bioorthogonal Bond Cleavage Chemistry for On-demand Prodrug Activation: Opportunities and Challenges. J Med Chem 2023; 66:16546-16567. [PMID: 38085596 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Time- and space-resolved drug delivery is highly demanded for cancer treatment, which, however, can barely be achieved with a traditional prodrug strategy. In recent years, the prodrug strategy based on a bioorthogonal bond cleavage chemistry has emerged with the advantages of high temporospatial resolution over drug activation and homogeneous activation irrespective of individual heterogeneity. In the past five years, tremendous progress has been witnessed in this field with one such bioorthogonal prodrug entering Phase II clinical trials. This Perspective aims to highlight these new advances (2019-2023) and critically discuss their pros and cons. In addition, the remaining challenges and potential strategic directions for future progress will also be included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqiang Min
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Diagnostics and Therapeutics Development, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xingyue Ji
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Diagnostics and Therapeutics Development, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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2
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Yan Z, Pan Y, Jiao G, Xu M, Fan D, Hu Z, Wu J, Chen T, Liu M, Bao X, Ke H, Ji X. A Bioorthogonal Decaging Chemistry of N-Oxide and Silylborane for Prodrug Activation both In Vitro and In Vivo. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:24698-24706. [PMID: 37933858 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal decaging chemistry with both fast kinetics and high efficiency is highly demanded for in vivo applications but remains very sporadic. Herein, we describe a new bioorthogonal decaging chemistry between N-oxide and silylborane. A simple replacement of "C" in boronic acid with "Si" was able to substantially accelerate the N-oxide decaging kinetics by 106 fold (k2: up to 103 M-1 s-1). Moreover, a new N-oxide-masked self-immolative spacer was developed for the traceless release of various payloads upon clicking with silylborane with fast kinetics and high efficiency (>90%). Impressively, one such N-oxide-based self-assembled bioorthogonal nano-prodrug in combination with silylborane led to significantly enhanced tumor suppression effects as compared to the parent drug in a 4T1 mouse breast tumor model. In aggregate, this new bioorthogonal click-and-release chemistry is featured with fast kinetics and high efficiency and is perceived to find widespread applications in chemical biology and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Yan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
| | - Yiyao Pan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
| | - Guofeng Jiao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
| | - Mengyu Xu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Dongguang Fan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
| | - Ziwei Hu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
| | - Jiarui Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
| | - Tao Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
| | - Miao Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
| | - Xiaoguang Bao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Hengte Ke
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
| | - Xingyue Ji
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
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3
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Ligthart NAM, de Geus MAR, van de Plassche MAT, Torres García D, Isendoorn MME, Reinalda L, Ofman D, van Leeuwen T, van Kasteren SI. A Lysosome-Targeted Tetrazine for Organelle-Specific Click-to-Release Chemistry in Antigen Presenting Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37269296 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal deprotections are readily used to control biological function in a cell-specific manner. To further improve the spatial resolution of these reactions, we here present a lysosome-targeted tetrazine for an organelle-specific deprotection reaction. We show that trans-cyclooctene deprotection with this reagent can be used to control the biological activity of ligands for invariant natural killer T cells in the lysosome to shed light on the processing pathway in antigen presenting cells. We then use the lysosome-targeted tetrazine to show that long peptide antigens used for CD8+ T cell activation do not pass through this organelle, suggesting a role for the earlier endosomal compartments for their processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina A M Ligthart
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mark A R de Geus
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Merel A T van de Plassche
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Diana Torres García
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein M E Isendoorn
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Luuk Reinalda
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Daniëlle Ofman
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tyrza van Leeuwen
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sander I van Kasteren
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
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4
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Alghamdi Z, Klausen M, Gambardella A, Lilienkampf A, Bradley M. Solid-Phase Synthesis of s-Tetrazines. Org Lett 2023; 25:3104-3108. [PMID: 37083299 PMCID: PMC10167685 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
An efficient synthesis of s-tetrazines by solid-phase methods is described. This synthesis route was compatible with different solid-phase resins and linkers and did not require metal catalysts or high temperatures. Monosubstituted tetrazines were routinely synthesized using thiol-promoted chemistry, using dichloromethane as a carbon source, while disubstituted unsymmetrical aryl or alkyl tetrazines were synthesized using readily available nitriles. This efficient approach enabled the synthesis of s-tetrazines in high yields (70-94%), eliminating the classical solution-phase problems of mixtures of symmetrical and unsymmetrical tetrazines, with only a single final purification step required, and paves the way to the rapid synthesis of s-tetrazines with various applications in bioorthogonal chemistry and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab
S. Alghamdi
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster
Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, U.K.
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman
Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maxime Klausen
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster
Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, U.K.
| | - Alessia Gambardella
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster
Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, U.K.
| | - Annamaria Lilienkampf
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster
Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, U.K.
| | - Mark Bradley
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster
Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, U.K.
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5
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Flemming A, Dutmer BC, Gilbert TM. Additivity of Diene Substituent Gibbs Free Energy Contributions for Diels-Alder Reactions between Me 2C=CMe 2 and Substituted Cyclopentadienes. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:14160-14170. [PMID: 37091433 PMCID: PMC10116529 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Systematic computational studies of pericyclic Diels-Alder reactions between (H3C)2C=C(CH3)2, 1, and all permutations of substituted cyclopentadienes c-C5R1R2R3R4R5aR5b (R = H, CH3, CF3, F) allowed isolation of substitutional effects on Gibbs free energy barrier heights and reaction Gibbs free energies. "Average Substitution Gibbs Free Energy Correction" ΔG ASC# ‡/ΔG ASC# values for each substituent in each position appeared to be additive. Substituent effects on barriers showed interesting contrasts. Methyl substitution at positions 5a and 5b increased barriers significantly, while substitution at all other positions had essentially no impact. In contrast, fluoro substitution at positions 5a and 5b lowered barriers more than substitution at other positions. Trifluoromethyl substitution mixed these effects, in that substitution at positions 5a and 5b increased barriers, but substitution at other positions lowered them. Despite the variances, ΔG ASC# ‡/ΔG ASC# values allowed reliable prediction of barriers and exergonicities for reactions between 1 and highly substituted cyclopentadienes, and between 1 and cyclopentadienes with random mixtures of CH3/CF3/F substituents. ΔG ASC# ‡/ΔG ASC# values were correlated with steric considerations and quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) calculations. Overall, the ASC values provide a resource for predicting which Diels-Alder reactions of this type should occur at rapid rates and/or give stable bicyclic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin
S. Flemming
- Department
of Chemistry, Highland Community College, Freeport, Illinois 61032, United States
| | - Brendan C. Dutmer
- Department
of Chemistry, Highland Community College, Freeport, Illinois 61032, United States
| | - Thomas M. Gilbert
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern
Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, United States
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6
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Kuba W, Sohr B, Keppel P, Svatunek D, Humhal V, Stöger B, Goldeck M, Carlson JCT, Mikula H. Oxidative Desymmetrization Enables the Concise Synthesis of a trans-Cyclooctene Linker for Bioorthogonal Bond Cleavage. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203069. [PMID: 36250260 PMCID: PMC10098836 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Modified trans-cyclooctenes (TCO) are capable of highly efficient molecular manipulations in biological environments, driven by the bioorthogonal reaction with tetrazines (Tz). The development of click-cleavable TCO has fueled the field of in vivo chemistry and enabled the design of therapeutic strategies that have already started to enter the clinic. A key element for most of these approaches is the implementation of a cleavable TCO linker. So far, only one member of this class has been developed, a compound that requires a high synthetic effort, mainly to fulfill the multilayered demands on its chemical structure. To tackle this limitation, we developed a dioxolane-fused cleavable TCO linker (dcTCO) that can be prepared in only five steps by applying an oxidative desymmetrization to achieve diastereoselective introduction of the required functionalities. Based on investigation of the structure, reaction kinetics, stability, and hydrophilicity of dcTCO, we demonstrate its bioorthogonal application in the design of a caged prodrug that can be activated by in-situ Tz-triggered cleavage to achieve a remarkable >1000-fold increase in cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Kuba
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryTU WienGetreidemarkt 9/1631060ViennaAustria
| | - Barbara Sohr
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryTU WienGetreidemarkt 9/1631060ViennaAustria
| | - Patrick Keppel
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryTU WienGetreidemarkt 9/1631060ViennaAustria
| | - Dennis Svatunek
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryTU WienGetreidemarkt 9/1631060ViennaAustria
| | - Viktoria Humhal
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryTU WienGetreidemarkt 9/1631060ViennaAustria
| | | | - Marion Goldeck
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryTU WienGetreidemarkt 9/1631060ViennaAustria
- Center for Anatomy and Cell BiologyMedical University of Vienna1090ViennaAustria
| | - Jonathan C. T. Carlson
- Center for Systems Biology & Department of MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02114USA
| | - Hannes Mikula
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryTU WienGetreidemarkt 9/1631060ViennaAustria
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7
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Keppel P, Sohr B, Kuba W, Goldeck M, Skrinjar P, Carlson JCT, Mikula H. Tetrazine-Triggered Bioorthogonal Cleavage of trans-Cyclooctene-Caged Phenols Using a Minimal Self-Immolative Linker Strategy. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200363. [PMID: 35921044 PMCID: PMC9804162 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Bond-cleavage reactions triggered by bioorthogonal tetrazine ligation have emerged as strategies to chemically control the function of (bio)molecules and achieve activation of prodrugs in living systems. While most of these approaches make use of caged amines, current methods for the release of phenols are limited by unfavorable reaction kinetics or insufficient stability of the Tz-responsive reactants. To address this issue, we have implemented a self-immolative linker that enables the connection of cleavable trans-cyclooctenes (TCO) and phenols via carbamate linkages. Based on detailed investigation of the reaction mechanism with several Tz, revealing up to 96 % elimination after 2 hours, we have developed a TCO-caged prodrug with 750-fold reduced cytotoxicity compared to the parent drug and achieved in situ activation upon Tz/TCO click-to-release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Keppel
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryTU Wien1060ViennaAustria
| | - Barbara Sohr
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryTU Wien1060ViennaAustria
| | - Walter Kuba
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryTU Wien1060ViennaAustria
| | - Marion Goldeck
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryTU Wien1060ViennaAustria
- Center for Anatomy and Cell BiologyMedical University of Vienna1090ViennaAustria
| | - Philipp Skrinjar
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryTU Wien1060ViennaAustria
| | - Jonathan C. T. Carlson
- Center for Systems Biology & Department of MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA02114USA
| | - Hannes Mikula
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryTU Wien1060ViennaAustria
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8
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Ko J, Lucas K, Kohler R, Halabi EA, Wilkovitsch M, Carlson JCT, Weissleder R. In Vivo Click Chemistry Enables Multiplexed Intravital Microscopy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200064. [PMID: 35750648 PMCID: PMC9405492 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The ability to observe cells in live organisms is essential for understanding their function in complex in vivo milieus. A major challenge today has been the limited ability to perform higher multiplexing beyond four to six colors to define cell subtypes in vivo. Here, a click chemistry-based strategy is presented for higher multiplexed in vivo imaging in mouse models. The method uses a scission-accelerated fluorophore exchange (SAFE), which exploits a highly efficient bioorthogonal mechanism to completely remove fluorescent signal from antibody-labeled cells in vivo. It is shown that the SAFE-intravital microscopy imaging method allows 1) in vivo staining of specific cell types in dorsal and cranial window chambers of mice, 2) complete un-staining in minutes, 3) in vivo click chemistries at lower (µm) and thus non-toxic concentrations, and 4) the ability to perform in vivo cyclic imaging. The potential utility of the method is demonstrated by 12 color imaging of immune cells in live mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jina Ko
- Center for Systems BiologyMassachusetts General Hospital185 Cambridge St, CPZN 5206BostonMA02114USA
| | - Kilean Lucas
- Center for Systems BiologyMassachusetts General Hospital185 Cambridge St, CPZN 5206BostonMA02114USA
| | - Rainer Kohler
- Center for Systems BiologyMassachusetts General Hospital185 Cambridge St, CPZN 5206BostonMA02114USA
| | - Elias A. Halabi
- Center for Systems BiologyMassachusetts General Hospital185 Cambridge St, CPZN 5206BostonMA02114USA
| | - Martin Wilkovitsch
- Center for Systems BiologyMassachusetts General Hospital185 Cambridge St, CPZN 5206BostonMA02114USA
| | - Jonathan C. T. Carlson
- Center for Systems BiologyMassachusetts General Hospital185 Cambridge St, CPZN 5206BostonMA02114USA
- Department of MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02114USA
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems BiologyMassachusetts General Hospital185 Cambridge St, CPZN 5206BostonMA02114USA
- Department of Systems BiologyHarvard Medical School200 Longwood AveBostonMA02115USA
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9
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Zhang X, Gubu A, Xu J, Yan N, Su W, Feng D, Wang Q, Tang X. Tetrazine-Induced Bioorthogonal Activation of Vitamin E-Modified siRNA for Gene Silencing. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144377. [PMID: 35889249 PMCID: PMC9316517 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The temporal activation of siRNA provides a valuable strategy for the regulation of siRNA activity and conditional gene silencing. The bioorthogonal bond-cleavage reaction of benzonorbonadiene and tetrazine is a promising trigger in siRNA temporal activation. Here, we developed a new method for the bio-orthogonal chemical activation of siRNA based on the tetrazine-induced bond-cleavage reaction. Small-molecule activatable caged siRNAs were developed with the 5'-vitamin E-benzonobonadiene-modified antisense strand targeting the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene and the mitotic kinesin-5 (Eg5) gene. The addition of tetrazine triggered the reaction with benzonobonadiene linker and induced the linker cleavage to release the active siRNA. Additionally, the conditional gene silencing of both exogenous GFP and endogenous Eg5 genes was successfully achieved with 5'-vitamin E-benzonobonadiene-caged siRNAs, which provides a new uncaging strategy with small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chemical Biology Center, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Rd., Beijing 100191, China; (X.Z.); (A.G.); (J.X.); (N.Y.); (W.S.); (D.F.); (Q.W.)
| | - Amu Gubu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chemical Biology Center, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Rd., Beijing 100191, China; (X.Z.); (A.G.); (J.X.); (N.Y.); (W.S.); (D.F.); (Q.W.)
| | - Jianfei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chemical Biology Center, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Rd., Beijing 100191, China; (X.Z.); (A.G.); (J.X.); (N.Y.); (W.S.); (D.F.); (Q.W.)
| | - Ning Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chemical Biology Center, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Rd., Beijing 100191, China; (X.Z.); (A.G.); (J.X.); (N.Y.); (W.S.); (D.F.); (Q.W.)
| | - Wenbo Su
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chemical Biology Center, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Rd., Beijing 100191, China; (X.Z.); (A.G.); (J.X.); (N.Y.); (W.S.); (D.F.); (Q.W.)
| | - Di Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chemical Biology Center, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Rd., Beijing 100191, China; (X.Z.); (A.G.); (J.X.); (N.Y.); (W.S.); (D.F.); (Q.W.)
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chemical Biology Center, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Rd., Beijing 100191, China; (X.Z.); (A.G.); (J.X.); (N.Y.); (W.S.); (D.F.); (Q.W.)
| | - Xinjing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chemical Biology Center, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Rd., Beijing 100191, China; (X.Z.); (A.G.); (J.X.); (N.Y.); (W.S.); (D.F.); (Q.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Correspondence:
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10
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Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of 1,2,3,5- and 1,2,4,5-tetrazines with strained and electron-rich alkynes. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.132860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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11
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Govindarajan A, Gnanasambandam V. Toward Intracellular Bioconjugation Using Transition-Metal-Free Techniques. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:1431-1454. [PMID: 34197073 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Bioconjugation is the chemical strategy of covalent modification of biomolecules, using either an external reagent or other biomolecules. Since its inception in the twentieth century, the technique has grown by leaps and bounds, and has a variety of applications in chemical biology. However, it is yet to reach its full potential in the study of biochemical processes in live cells, mainly because the bioconjugation strategies conflict with cellular processes. This has mostly been overcome by using transition metal catalysts, but the presence of metal centers limit them to in vitro use, or to the cell surface. These hurdles can potentially be circumvented by using metal-free strategies. However, the very modifications that are necessary to make such metal-free reactions proceed effectively may impact their biocompatibility. This is because biological processes are easily perturbed and greatly depend on the prevailing inter- and intracellular environment. With this taken into consideration, this review analyzes the applicability of the transition-metal-free strategies reported in this decade to the study of biochemical processes in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaditya Govindarajan
- Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry - 605014, India
| | - Vasuki Gnanasambandam
- Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry - 605014, India
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12
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Shieh P, Hill MR, Zhang W, Kristufek SL, Johnson JA. Clip Chemistry: Diverse (Bio)(macro)molecular and Material Function through Breaking Covalent Bonds. Chem Rev 2021; 121:7059-7121. [PMID: 33823111 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In the two decades since the introduction of the "click chemistry" concept, the toolbox of "click reactions" has continually expanded, enabling chemists, materials scientists, and biologists to rapidly and selectively build complexity for their applications of interest. Similarly, selective and efficient covalent bond breaking reactions have provided and will continue to provide transformative advances. Here, we review key examples and applications of efficient, selective covalent bond cleavage reactions, which we refer to herein as "clip reactions." The strategic application of clip reactions offers opportunities to tailor the compositions and structures of complex (bio)(macro)molecular systems with exquisite control. Working in concert, click chemistry and clip chemistry offer scientists and engineers powerful methods to address next-generation challenges across the chemical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyton Shieh
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Megan R Hill
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Wenxu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Samantha L Kristufek
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeremiah A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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13
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Mancuso F, Rahm M, Dzijak R, Mertlíková-Kaiserová H, Vrabel M. Transition-Metal-Mediated versus Tetrazine-Triggered Bioorthogonal Release Reactions: Direct Comparison and Combinations Thereof. Chempluschem 2021; 85:1669-1675. [PMID: 32757364 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal cleavage reactions are gaining popularity in chemically inducible prodrug activation and in the control of biomolecular functions. Despite similar applications, these reactions were developed and optimized on different substrates and under different experimental conditions. Reported herein is a side-by-side comparison of palladium-, ruthenium- and tetrazine-triggered release reactions, which aims at comparing the reaction kinetics, efficiency and overall advantages and limitations of the methods. In addition, we disclose the possibility of mutual combination of the cleavage reactions. Finally, we compare the efficiency of the bioorthogonal deprotections in cellular experiments, which revealed that among the three methods investigated, the palladium- and the tetrazine-promoted reaction can be used for efficient prodrug activation, but only the tetrazine-triggered reactions proceed efficiently inside cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Mancuso
- University of Messina, Department of Chemical, Biological Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences (CHIBIOFARAM), Viale Palatucci 13, I-98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Michal Rahm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Rastislav Dzijak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Mertlíková-Kaiserová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Vrabel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague, Czech Republic
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14
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Dzijak R, Galeta J, Vázquez A, Kozák J, Matoušová M, Fulka H, Dračínský M, Vrabel M. Structurally Redesigned Bioorthogonal Reagents for Mitochondria-Specific Prodrug Activation. JACS AU 2021; 1:23-30. [PMID: 33554213 PMCID: PMC7851953 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.0c00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The development of abiotic chemical reactions that can be performed in an organelle-specific manner can provide new opportunities in drug delivery and cell and chemical biology. However, due to the complexity of the cellular environment, this remains a significant challenge. Here, we introduce structurally redesigned bioorthogonal tetrazine reagents that spontaneously accumulate in mitochondria of live mammalian cells. The attributes leading to their efficient accumulation in the organelle were optimized to include the right combination of lipophilicity and positive delocalized charge. The best performing mitochondriotropic tetrazines enable subcellular chemical release of TCO-caged compounds as we show using fluorogenic substrates and mitochondrial uncoupler niclosamide. Our work demonstrates that a shrewd redesign of common bioorthogonal reagents can lead to their transformation into organelle-specific probes, opening the possibility to activate prodrugs and manipulate biological processes at the subcellular level by using purely chemical tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rastislav Dzijak
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Juraj Galeta
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Arcadio Vázquez
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Kozák
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marika Matoušová
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Fulka
- Department
of Cell Nucleus Plasticity, Institute of
Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Víden̆ská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Dračínský
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Vrabel
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
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15
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Wang Y, Zhang C, Wu H, Feng P. Activation and Delivery of Tetrazine-Responsive Bioorthogonal Prodrugs. Molecules 2020; 25:E5640. [PMID: 33266075 PMCID: PMC7731009 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Prodrugs, which remain inert until they are activated under appropriate conditions at the target site, have emerged as an attractive alternative to drugs that lack selectivity and show off-target effects. Prodrugs have traditionally been activated by enzymes, pH or other trigger factors associated with the disease. In recent years, bioorthogonal chemistry has allowed the creation of prodrugs that can be chemically activated with spatio-temporal precision. In particular, tetrazine-responsive bioorthogonal reactions can rapidly activate prodrugs with excellent biocompatibility. This review summarized the recent development of tetrazine bioorthogonal cleavage reaction and great promise for prodrug systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayue Wang
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.W.); (C.Z.)
| | - Chang Zhang
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.W.); (C.Z.)
| | - Haoxing Wu
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.W.); (C.Z.)
| | - Ping Feng
- Institute of Clinical Trials, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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16
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de Geus MAR, Groenewold GJM, Maurits E, Araman C, van Kasteren SI. Synthetic methodology towards allylic trans-cyclooctene-ethers enables modification of carbohydrates: bioorthogonal manipulation of the lac repressor. Chem Sci 2020; 11:10175-10179. [PMID: 34094281 PMCID: PMC8162276 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03216f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) pyridazine elimination is one of the key bioorthogonal bond-breaking reactions. In this reaction trans-cyclooctene (TCO) serves as a tetrazine responsive caging moiety for amines, carboxylic acids and alcohols. One issue to date has been the lack of synthetic methods towards TCO ethers from functionalized (aliphatic) alcohols, thereby restricting bioorthogonal utilization. Two novel reagents were developed to enable controlled formation of cis-cyclooctene (CCO) ethers, followed by optimized photochemical isomerization to obtain TCO ethers. The method was exemplified by the controlled bioorthogonal activation of the lac operon system in E. coli using a TCO-ether-modified carbohydrate inducer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A R de Geus
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - G J Mirjam Groenewold
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Elmer Maurits
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Can Araman
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Sander I van Kasteren
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
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17
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de Geus MAR, Maurits E, Sarris AJC, Hansen T, Kloet MS, Kamphorst K, ten Hoeve W, Robillard MS, Pannwitz A, Bonnet SA, Codée JDC, Filippov DV, Overkleeft HS, van Kasteren SI. Fluorogenic Bifunctional trans-Cyclooctenes as Efficient Tools for Investigating Click-to-Release Kinetics. Chemistry 2020; 26:9900-9904. [PMID: 32154603 PMCID: PMC7496853 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The inverse electron demand Diels-Alder pyridazine elimination reaction between tetrazines and allylic substituted trans-cyclooctenes (TCOs) is a key player in bioorthogonal bond cleavage reactions. Determining the rate of elimination of alkylamine substrates has so far proven difficult. Here, we report a fluorogenic tool consisting of a TCO-linked EDANS fluorophore and a DABCYL quencher for accurate determination of both the click and release rate constants for any tetrazine at physiologically relevant concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. R. de Geus
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical ImmunologyLeiden UniversityEinsteinweg 552333 CCLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Elmer Maurits
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical ImmunologyLeiden UniversityEinsteinweg 552333 CCLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Alexi J. C. Sarris
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical ImmunologyLeiden UniversityEinsteinweg 552333 CCLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Thomas Hansen
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical ImmunologyLeiden UniversityEinsteinweg 552333 CCLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Max S. Kloet
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical ImmunologyLeiden UniversityEinsteinweg 552333 CCLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Kiki Kamphorst
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical ImmunologyLeiden UniversityEinsteinweg 552333 CCLeidenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Marc S. Robillard
- Tagworks PharmaceuticalsGeert Grooteplein Zuid 106525 GANijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Andrea Pannwitz
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical ImmunologyLeiden UniversityEinsteinweg 552333 CCLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Sylvestre A. Bonnet
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical ImmunologyLeiden UniversityEinsteinweg 552333 CCLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Jeroen D. C. Codée
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical ImmunologyLeiden UniversityEinsteinweg 552333 CCLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Dmitri V. Filippov
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical ImmunologyLeiden UniversityEinsteinweg 552333 CCLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Herman S. Overkleeft
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical ImmunologyLeiden UniversityEinsteinweg 552333 CCLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Sander I. van Kasteren
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical ImmunologyLeiden UniversityEinsteinweg 552333 CCLeidenThe Netherlands
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18
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Marques AC, Costa PJ, Velho S, Amaral MH. Functionalizing nanoparticles with cancer-targeting antibodies: A comparison of strategies. J Control Release 2020; 320:180-200. [PMID: 31978444 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Standard cancer therapies sometimes fail to deliver chemotherapeutic drugs to tumor cells in a safe and effective manner. Nanotechnology takes the lead in providing new therapeutic options for cancer due to major potential for selective targeting and controlled drug release. Antibodies and antibody fragments are attracting much attention as a source of targeting ligands to bind specific receptors that are overexpressed on cancer cells. Therefore, researchers are devoting time and effort to develop targeting strategies based on nanoparticles functionalized with antibodies, which hold great promise to enhance therapeutic efficacy and circumvent severe side effects. Several methods have been described to immobilize antibodies on the surface of nanoparticles. However, selecting the most appropriate for each application is challenging but also imperative to preserve antigen binding ability and yield stable antibody-conjugated nanoparticles. From this perspective, we aim to provide considerable knowledge on the most widely used methods of functionalization that can be helpful for decision-making and design of conjugation protocols as well. This review summarizes adsorption, covalent conjugation (carbodiimide, maleimide and "click" chemistries) and biotin-avidin interaction, while discussing the advantages, limitations and relevant therapeutic approaches currently under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Marques
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, MEDTECH, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto (FFUP), R. Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - P J Costa
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, MEDTECH, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto (FFUP), R. Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - S Velho
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, R. Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, R. Júlio Amaral de Carvalho 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - M H Amaral
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, MEDTECH, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto (FFUP), R. Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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19
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Tu J, Svatunek D, Parvez S, Eckvahl HJ, Xu M, Peterson RT, Houk KN, Franzini RM. Isonitrile-responsive and bioorthogonally removable tetrazine protecting groups. Chem Sci 2020; 11:169-179. [PMID: 32110368 PMCID: PMC7012038 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04649f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo compatible reactions have a broad range of possible applications in chemical biology and the pharmaceutical sciences. Here we report tetrazines that can be removed by exposure to isonitriles under very mild conditions. Tetrazylmethyl derivatives are easily accessible protecting groups for amines and phenols. The isonitrile-induced removal is rapid and near-quantitative. Intriguingly, the deprotection is especially effective with (trimethylsilyl)methyl isocyanide, and serum albumin can catalyze the elimination under physiological conditions. NMR and computational studies revealed that an imine-tautomerization step is often rate limiting, and the unexpected cleavage of the Si-C bond accelerates this step in the case with (trimethylsilyl)methyl isocyanide. Tetrazylmethyl-removal is compatible with use on biomacromolecules, in cellular environments, and in living organisms as demonstrated by cytotoxicity experiments and fluorophore-release studies on proteins and in zebrafish embryos. By combining tetrazylmethyl derivatives with previously reported tetrazine-responsive 3-isocyanopropyl groups, it was possible to liberate two fluorophores in vertebrates from a single bioorthogonal reaction. This chemistry will open new opportunities towards applications involving multiplexed release schemes and is a valuable asset to the growing toolbox of bioorthogonal dissociative reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Tu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , College of Pharmacy , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , 84112 , USA .
| | - Dennis Svatunek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA
| | - Saba Parvez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , College of Pharmacy , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , 84112 , USA
| | - Hannah J Eckvahl
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA
| | - Minghao Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , College of Pharmacy , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , 84112 , USA .
| | - Randall T Peterson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , College of Pharmacy , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , 84112 , USA
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA
| | - Raphael M Franzini
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , College of Pharmacy , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , 84112 , USA .
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20
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Xiong H, Gu Y, Zhang S, Lu F, Ji Q, Liu L, Ma P, Yang G, Hou W, Xu H. Iridium-catalyzed C–H amidation of s-tetrazines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:4692-4695. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc01647k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of ortho-amino substituted s-tetrazines by iridium-catalyzed C–H activation for bioconjugation and DNA-encoded library.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Xiong
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies
- ShanghaiTech University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Yuang Gu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies
- ShanghaiTech University
- Shanghai
- China
- School of Life Science and Technology
| | - Shuning Zhang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies
- ShanghaiTech University
- Shanghai
- China
- School of Life Science and Technology
| | - Fengping Lu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies
- ShanghaiTech University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Qun Ji
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies
- ShanghaiTech University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Lili Liu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies
- ShanghaiTech University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Peixiang Ma
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies
- ShanghaiTech University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Guang Yang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies
- ShanghaiTech University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Wei Hou
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, and Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Hongtao Xu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies
- ShanghaiTech University
- Shanghai
- China
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21
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Fairhall JM, Murayasu M, Dadhwal S, Hook S, Gamble AB. Tuning activation and self-immolative properties of the bioorthogonal alkene–azide click-and-release strategy. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:4754-4762. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00936a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Combinations of aryl azides and trans-cyclooctenes have been studied in a bioorthogonal click-and-release strategy, with two reaction pairings rapidly releasing phenol at micromolar concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sumit Dadhwal
- School of Pharmacy
- University of Otago
- Dunedin
- New Zealand
| | - Sarah Hook
- School of Pharmacy
- University of Otago
- Dunedin
- New Zealand
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22
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Riomet M, Porte K, Wijkhuisen A, Audisio D, Taran F. Fluorogenic iminosydnones: bioorthogonal tools for double turn-on click-and-release reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:7183-7186. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03067h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Iminosydnones are able to quench two fluorophores when connected to their core structure. Bioorthogonal click and release reaction with cyclooctynes provokes significant fluorescence enhancement of the two products, allowing their tracking in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Riomet
- Université Paris Saclay
- CEA
- INRAE
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS)
- SCBM
| | - Karine Porte
- Université Paris Saclay
- CEA
- INRAE
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS)
- SCBM
| | - Anne Wijkhuisen
- Université Paris Saclay
- CEA
- INRAE
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS)
- SCBM
| | - Davide Audisio
- Université Paris Saclay
- CEA
- INRAE
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS)
- SCBM
| | - Frédéric Taran
- Université Paris Saclay
- CEA
- INRAE
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS)
- SCBM
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23
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Le Fouler V, Chen Y, Gandon V, Bizet V, Salomé C, Fessard T, Liu F, Houk KN, Blanchard N. Activating Pyrimidines by Pre-distortion for the General Synthesis of 7-Aza-indazoles from 2-Hydrazonylpyrimidines via Intramolecular Diels-Alder Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:15901-15909. [PMID: 31475527 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b07037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pyrimidines are almost unreactive partners in Diels-Alder cycloadditions with alkenes and alkynes, and only reactions under drastic conditions have previously been reported. We describe how 2-hydrazonylpyrimidines, easily obtained in two steps from commercially available 2-halopyrimidines, can be exceptionally activated by trifluoroacetylation. This allows a Diels-Alder cycloaddition under very mild reaction conditions, leading to a large diversity of aza-indazoles, a ubiquitous scaffold in medicinal chemistry. This reaction is general and scalable and has an excellent functional group tolerance. A straightforward synthesis of a key intermediate of Bayer's Vericiguat illustrates the potential of this cycloaddition strategy. Quantum mechanical calculations show how the simple N-trifluoroacetylation of 2-hydrazonylpyrimidines distorts the substrate into a transition-state-like geometry that readily undergoes the intramolecular Diels-Alder cycloaddition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Le Fouler
- Université de Haute-Alsace , Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, LIMA, UMR 7042 , 68000 Mulhouse , France
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Vincent Gandon
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, CNRS UMR 8182 , Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , Bâtiment 420 , 91405 Orsay cedex , France.,Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire, CNRS UMR 9168 , Ecole Polytechnique , IP Paris, route de Saclay , 91128 Palaiseau cedex , France
| | - Vincent Bizet
- Université de Haute-Alsace , Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, LIMA, UMR 7042 , 68000 Mulhouse , France
| | - Christophe Salomé
- SpiroChem AG Rosental Area , WRO-1047-3, Mattenstrasse 24 , 4058 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Thomas Fessard
- SpiroChem AG Rosental Area , WRO-1047-3, Mattenstrasse 24 , 4058 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Sciences , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , China
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Nicolas Blanchard
- Université de Haute-Alsace , Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, LIMA, UMR 7042 , 68000 Mulhouse , France
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24
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Tu J, Svatunek D, Parvez S, Liu ACG, Levandowski BJ, Eckvahl HJ, Peterson RT, Houk KN, Franzini RM. Stable, Reactive, and Orthogonal Tetrazines: Dispersion Forces Promote the Cycloaddition with Isonitriles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:9043-9048. [PMID: 31062496 PMCID: PMC6615965 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201903877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The isocyano group is a structurally compact bioorthogonal functional group that reacts with tetrazines under physiological conditions. Now it is shown that bulky tetrazine substituents accelerate this cycloaddition. Computational studies suggest that dispersion forces between the isocyano group and the tetrazine substituents in the transition state contribute to the atypical structure-activity relationship. Stable asymmetric tetrazines that react with isonitriles at rate constants as high as 57 L mol-1 s-1 were accessible by combining bulky and electron-withdrawing substituents. Sterically encumbered tetrazines react selectively with isonitriles in the presence of strained alkenes/alkynes, which allows for the orthogonal labeling of three proteins. The established principles will open new opportunities for developing tetrazine reactants with improved characteristics for diverse labeling and release applications with isonitriles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Tu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, 30 S 2000 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 (USA)
| | - Dennis Svatunek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569 (USA)
| | - Saba Parvez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, 30 S 2000 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 (USA)
| | - Albert C. G. Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569 (USA)
| | - Brian J. Levandowski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569 (USA)
| | - Hannah J. Eckvahl
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569 (USA)
| | - Randall T. Peterson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, 30 S 2000 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 (USA)
| | - Kendall N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569 (USA)
| | - Raphael M. Franzini
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, 30 S 2000 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 (USA)
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25
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Tu J, Svatunek D, Parvez S, Liu AC, Levandowski BJ, Eckvahl HJ, Peterson RT, Houk KN, Franzini RM. Stable, Reactive, and Orthogonal Tetrazines: Dispersion Forces Promote the Cycloaddition with Isonitriles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201903877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Tu
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of Utah 30 S 2000 E Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA
| | - Dennis Svatunek
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095-1569 USA
| | - Saba Parvez
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Utah 30 S 2000 E Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA
| | - Albert C. Liu
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095-1569 USA
| | - Brian J. Levandowski
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095-1569 USA
| | - Hannah J. Eckvahl
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095-1569 USA
| | - Randall T. Peterson
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Utah 30 S 2000 E Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA
| | - Kendall N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095-1569 USA
| | - Raphael M. Franzini
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of Utah 30 S 2000 E Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA
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26
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Abstract
Bioorthogonal reactions that proceed readily under physiological conditions without interference from biomolecules have found widespread application in the life sciences. Complementary to the bioorthogonal reactions that ligate two molecules, reactions that release a molecule or cleave a linker are increasingly attracting interest. Such dissociative bioorthogonal reactions have a broad spectrum of uses, for example, in controlling bio-macromolecule activity, in drug delivery, and in diagnostic assays. This review article summarizes the developed bioorthogonal reactions linked to a release step, outlines representative areas of the applications of such reactions, and discusses aspects that require further improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Tu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, 30 S 2000 E, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA
| | - Minghao Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, 30 S 2000 E, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA
| | - Raphael M Franzini
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, 30 S 2000 E, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA
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