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Chen C, Wu Y, Wu J, Sun R, Li Y, Yao Y, Li D. Identification of a panel of lncRNAs derived from urinary extracellular vesicles as non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers for bladder cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2025; 575:120376. [PMID: 40393569 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2025.120376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2025] [Revised: 05/02/2025] [Accepted: 05/16/2025] [Indexed: 05/22/2025]
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BLCA) is a common malignant tumor of the urinary system and is histopathologically divided into high-grade and low-grade BLCA. Accurate diagnosis of BLCA and high-grade BLCA are critical for clinical treatment and early intervention. High-throughput RNA-seq was performed to explore dysregulated long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) from BLCA patients, and their expression levelswereexamined inalarge cohort of uEVs samples using qRT-PCR. Weexaminedthe expressionlevels and subcellular localization of the lncRNAs in BLCA tissues andcelllines. We analyzed the correlation between the expression levels of lncRNAs in uEVs and clinical parameters and assessed their clinical value as diagnostic biomarkers for BLCA and high-grade BLCA using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Through high-throughput RNA-seq, we identified several dysregulated lncRNAs (MALAT1, SCARNA10, LINC00963 and LINC01578) in uEVs from BLCA patients. The lncRNAs were significantly upregulated in uEVs of BLCA patients, however with varying expression levels in tissues and cell lines. The lncRNAsarepredominantlylocalizedinthe nucleus of BLCA cell lines. Elevated expression levels of the lncRNAs were associated with adverse factors, including higher tumor grade and larger tumor diameter. ROCcurve analysis showed thatthe combination of four lncRNAs in uEVs and the existing marker nuclear matrix protein 22 provided substantial diagnostic value for BLCA and high-grade BLCA, with area under curve values of 0.900 and 0.917, respectively. The lncRNA panel derived from uEVs may serve as a promising non-invasive biomarker for diagnosing BLCA and high-grade BLCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Junlu Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Ruixin Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Yaran Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Yiwen Yao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China.
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China.
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2
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Nabariya DK, Knüpfer LM, Hartwich P, Killian MS, Centler F, Krauß S. Transcriptomic analysis of intracellular RNA granules and small extracellular vesicles: Unmasking their overlap in a cell model of Huntington's disease. Mol Cell Probes 2025; 81:102026. [PMID: 40090627 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2025.102026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2025] [Accepted: 03/13/2025] [Indexed: 03/18/2025]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) arises from the abnormal expansion of a CAG repeat in the HTT gene. The mutant CAG repeat triggers aberrant RNA-protein interactions and translates into toxic aggregate-prone polyglutamine protein. These aberrant RNA-protein ineractions also seed the formation of cytoplasmic liquid-like granules, such as stress granules. Emerging evidence demonstrates that granules formed via liquid-liquid phase separation can mature into gel-like inclusions that persist within the cell and may act as precursor to aggregates that occur in patients' tissue. Thus, deregulation of RNA granules is an important component of neurodegeneration. Interestingly, both the formation of intracellular membrane-less organelles like stress granules and the secretion of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) increase upon stress and under disease conditions. sEVs are lipid membrane-bound particles that are secreted from all cell types and may participate in the spreading of misfolded proteins and aberrant RNA-protein complexes across the central nervous system in neurodegenerative diseases like HD. In this study, we performed a comparative transcriptomic analysis of sEVs and RNA granules in an HD model. RNA granules and sEVs were isolated from an inducible HD cell model. Both sEVs and RNA granules were isolated from induced (HD) and non-induced (control) cells and analyzed by RNA sequencing. Our comparative analysis between the transcriptomics data of HD RNA granules and sEVs showed that: (I) intracellular RNA granules and extracellular RNA vesicles share content, (II) several non-coding RNAs translocate to RNA granules, and (III) the composition of RNA granules and sEVs is affected in HD cells. Our data showing common transcripts in intracellular RNA granules and extracellular sEVs suggest that formation of RNA granules and sEV loading may be related. Moreover, we found a high abundance of lncRNAs in both control and HD samples, with several transcripts under REST regulation, highlighting their potential role in HD pathogenesis and selective incorporation into sEVs. The transcriptome cargo of RNA granules or sEVs may serve as a source for diagnostic strategies. For example, disease-specific RNA-signatures of sEVs can serve as biomarker of central nervous system diseases. Therefore, we compared our dataset to transcriptomic data from HD patient sEVs in blood. However, our data suggest that the cell-type specific signature of sEV-secreted RNAs as well as their high variability may make it difficult to detect these biomarkers in blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Kailash Nabariya
- Human and Neurobiology, Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - Lisa Maria Knüpfer
- Human and Neurobiology, Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - Patrick Hartwich
- Chemistry and Structure of Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - Manuela S Killian
- Chemistry and Structure of Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - Florian Centler
- Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - Sybille Krauß
- Human and Neurobiology, Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany.
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Pavelescu LA, Mititelu-Zafiu NL, Mindru DE, Vladareanu R, Curici A. Molecular Insights into HPV-Driven Cervical Cancer: Oncoproteins, Immune Evasion, and Epigenetic Modifications. Microorganisms 2025; 13:1000. [PMID: 40431173 PMCID: PMC12113743 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms13051000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2025] [Revised: 04/22/2025] [Accepted: 04/24/2025] [Indexed: 05/29/2025] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer ranks third in mortality and fourth in incidence among women worldwide as one of the leading causes of death from cancer in females. The main reason behind cervical carcinogenesis is long-term infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes, particularly HPV16 and HPV18. This review investigates HPV distribution across the world, along with cervical cancer molecular development mechanisms and current treatment strategies. Epidemiological data show that disease patterns vary significantly between different geographic regions because underdeveloped nations bear a higher disease burden. The molecular mechanisms of oncogenes E6 and E7 disrupt tumor suppressor pathways, while epigenetic modifications through DNA methylation and miRNA dysregulation promote malignant cell transformation. The reduction in HPV infection through prophylactic vaccination has shown promise, yet barriers related to accessibility and coverage still exist. The therapeutic technologies of gene expression inhibitors together with immunotherapies and epigenetic targeting agents show promise but require optimization to achieve specific targeting while minimizing off-target effects. A combined approach that integrates HPV vaccination with early diagnosis and molecular-specific therapies represents the most effective method to manage cervical cancer impact. The future care of patients will require increased translational research along with better immunization programs to drive prevention and therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Alexandra Pavelescu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | | | - Dana Elena Mindru
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Radu Vladareanu
- Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology and Neonatology, Elias Emergency Hospital Bucharest, 011461 Bucharest, Romania
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Antoanela Curici
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
- Synevo Romania, 021408 Bucharest, Romania;
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Li K, Lin S, Zhou P, Guo Y, Lin S, Ji C. The role of exosomal lncRNAs in mediating apoptosis and inflammation in UV-induced skin photoaging. Front Cell Dev Biol 2025; 13:1538197. [PMID: 40297520 PMCID: PMC12034729 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2025.1538197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2025] [Indexed: 04/30/2025] Open
Abstract
The skin, as the body's largest organ, functions as a vital barrier against environmental insults. Chronic exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation significantly contributes to premature aging, or photoaging, which leads to DNA damage and disrupts repair mechanisms. Exosomes, which are small extracellular vesicles, play a key role in cell-to-cell communication and might help mitigate the effects of photoaging by transporting bioactive molecules to skin cells. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are increasingly recognized for their regulatory roles in the photoaging process, influencing stress responses and DNA repair; however, their involvement in exosomes in the context of skin aging is not yet well understood. In this study, we developed a photoaging model using SD rats subjected to UVA and UVB irradiation, which led to significant changes in the dermis such as increased dryness, wrinkles, pigmentation, and vascular alterations. Histological evaluations showed uneven thickening of the epidermis, degradation of collagen and elastic fibers, and cellular infiltration. Exosomes isolated from the dermal tissues exposed to UV radiation displayed altered size distributions. Transcriptomic analyses of the UV-treated rats identified 2,332 lncRNAs and 5,906 mRNAs that were differentially expressed, revealing significant involvement in pathways related to oxidative stress, apoptosis, and cellular stress responses. A cis-regulatory analysis identified 1,327 essential interactions between lncRNAs and mRNAs, highlighting their role in controlling inflammation and apoptosis. Importantly, both IL-1B and GADD45B levels were significantly increased in the exosomes and UV-challenged HaCaT cells, indicating their crucial roles in responding to UV-induced stress. This study highlights the significant role of exosomal lncRNAs in managing cellular reactions to UV-induced stress, impacting regulatory pathways associated with apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress. These insights pave the way for the development of lncRNA-focused therapeutic approaches to address UV-induced skin damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunjie Li
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Songfa Lin
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Pengjun Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yanni Guo
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shu Lin
- Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
- Group of Neuroendocrinology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Chao Ji
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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5
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Molina-Castillo G, Monroy-García A, García-Rocha R, Weiss-Steider B, Montesinos-Montesinos JJ, Hernández-Montes J, Don-López CA, Castro-Manrreza ME, Escobar-Sánchez ML, Mora-García MDL. TGF-β Induces the Secretion of Extracellular Vesicles Enriched with CD39 and CD73 from Cervical Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2025; 26:2413. [PMID: 40141056 PMCID: PMC11942456 DOI: 10.3390/ijms26062413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2025] [Accepted: 03/04/2025] [Indexed: 03/28/2025] Open
Abstract
The presence of TGF-β in the tumor microenvironment of cervical cancer (CC) is important for tumor progression. In this study, we analyzed the effect of TGF-β on the expression of the ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73, which are involved in the generation of adenosine (Ado), in CC cells and in extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by these cells. Treatment of HeLa and CaSki cells for 72 h with recombinant human TGF-β increased the expression of CD39 and CD73 by 20 and 30% and by 40 and 100%, respectively. The addition of SB505124, an inhibitor of the TGF-β1 receptor, or GW4869, an inhibitor of exosome formation and release, reduced the expression and release of both ectonucleotidases in CC cells. Furthermore, TGF-β promoted the secretion of medium-large EVs (>130 nm) in HeLa cells (HeLa + TGF-β/EVs) and CaSki cells (CaSki + TGF-β/EVs), which increased the expression of CD39 (>20%) and CD73 (>60%), and EVs obtained from cells treated with TGF-β had a greater capacity to generate Ado than did EVs obtained from cells cultured in the absence of this factor (HeLa/EVs and CaSki/EVs). These findings suggest that the production of TGF-β in the CC TME can promote neoplastic progression through the secretion of EVs enriched with CD39 and CD73. Therefore, the inhibition of CD39+ CD73+ EVs could be a strategy for the treatment of CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Molina-Castillo
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología, Unidad de Investigación en Diferenciación Celular y Cáncer-UMIEZ, FES-Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 09230, Mexico; (G.M.-C.); (R.G.-R.); (B.W.-S.); (J.H.-M.); (C.A.D.-L.)
- Programa de Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, UNAM, Ciudad de México 09230, Mexico
| | - Alberto Monroy-García
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología, Unidad de Investigación en Diferenciación Celular y Cáncer-UMIEZ, FES-Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 09230, Mexico; (G.M.-C.); (R.G.-R.); (B.W.-S.); (J.H.-M.); (C.A.D.-L.)
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Cáncer, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, Hospital de Oncología, CMN SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico
| | - Rosario García-Rocha
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología, Unidad de Investigación en Diferenciación Celular y Cáncer-UMIEZ, FES-Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 09230, Mexico; (G.M.-C.); (R.G.-R.); (B.W.-S.); (J.H.-M.); (C.A.D.-L.)
| | - Benny Weiss-Steider
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología, Unidad de Investigación en Diferenciación Celular y Cáncer-UMIEZ, FES-Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 09230, Mexico; (G.M.-C.); (R.G.-R.); (B.W.-S.); (J.H.-M.); (C.A.D.-L.)
| | - Juan José Montesinos-Montesinos
- Laboratorio de Células Troncales Mesenquimales, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, CMN SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico;
| | - Jorge Hernández-Montes
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología, Unidad de Investigación en Diferenciación Celular y Cáncer-UMIEZ, FES-Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 09230, Mexico; (G.M.-C.); (R.G.-R.); (B.W.-S.); (J.H.-M.); (C.A.D.-L.)
| | - Christian Azucena Don-López
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología, Unidad de Investigación en Diferenciación Celular y Cáncer-UMIEZ, FES-Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 09230, Mexico; (G.M.-C.); (R.G.-R.); (B.W.-S.); (J.H.-M.); (C.A.D.-L.)
| | - Marta Elena Castro-Manrreza
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Células Madre, Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Investigación Experimental Zaragoza, FES Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 09230, Mexico;
| | - María Luisa Escobar-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Microscopía Electrónica, Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
| | - María de Lourdes Mora-García
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología, Unidad de Investigación en Diferenciación Celular y Cáncer-UMIEZ, FES-Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 09230, Mexico; (G.M.-C.); (R.G.-R.); (B.W.-S.); (J.H.-M.); (C.A.D.-L.)
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Ghahramani Almanghadim H, Karimi B, Valizadeh S, Ghaedi K. Biological functions and affected signaling pathways by Long Non-Coding RNAs in the immune system. Noncoding RNA Res 2025; 10:70-90. [PMID: 39315339 PMCID: PMC11417496 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2024.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, the various regulative functions of long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) have been well determined. Recently, the vital role of LncRNAs as gene regulators has been identified in the immune system, especially in the inflammatory response. All cells of the immune system are governed by a complex and ever-changing gene expression program that is regulated through both transcriptional and post-transcriptional processes. LncRNAs regulate gene expression within the cell nucleus by influencing transcription or through post-transcriptional processes that affect the splicing, stability, or translation of messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Recent studies in immunology have revealed substantial alterations in the expression of lncRNAs during the activation of the innate immune system as well as the development, differentiation, and activation of T cells. These lncRNAs regulate key aspects of immune function, including the manufacturing of inflammatory molecules, cellular distinction, and cell movement. They do this by modulating protein-protein interactions or through base pairing with RNA and DNA. Here we review the current understanding of the mechanism of action of lncRNAs as novel immune-related regulators and their impact on physiological and pathological processes related to the immune system, including autoimmune diseases. We also highlight the emerging pattern of gene expression control in important research areas at the intersection between immunology and lncRNA biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bahareh Karimi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sepehr Valizadeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Kamran Ghaedi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
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7
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Han J, Xu K, Xu T, Song Q, Duan T, Yang J. The functional regulation between extracellular vesicles and the DNA damage responses. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2025; 795:108532. [PMID: 39828141 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2025.108532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 01/04/2025] [Accepted: 01/14/2025] [Indexed: 01/22/2025]
Abstract
The DNA damage response (DDR) is a crucial regulatory mechanism for the survival of organisms, and irregularity of DDR may contribute to the development of various diseases, including tumors, making it is a prominent topic in therapeutic research. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), as important mediators of intercellular communication, have been extensively studied in recent years. Notably, an increasing number of studies have revealed a strong connection between DDR and EVs. On one hand, DNA damage affects the release of EVs and their compositional content; on the other hand, EVs can dictate cell survival or death by modulating DDR in both the parental and the recipient cells. This review outlines current progress in the inter-regulatory relationship between EVs and DDR, with special emphasis on the effects of EVs derived from various sources on DDR in recipient cells. In addition, the potential applications of EVs in research and tumor therapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyi Han
- Department of Nutrition and Toxicology, Hangzhou Normal University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kexin Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Toxicology, Hangzhou Normal University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Toxicology, Hangzhou Normal University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qin Song
- Department of Nutrition and Toxicology, Hangzhou Normal University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Duan
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China.
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Toxicology, Hangzhou Normal University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Center for Uterine Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy Research, The Affiliated Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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8
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Kumari S, Lausted C, Scherler K, Ng AHC, Lu Y, Lee I, Hood L, Wang K. Approaches and Challenges in Characterizing the Molecular Content of Extracellular Vesicles for Biomarker Discovery. Biomolecules 2024; 14:1599. [PMID: 39766306 PMCID: PMC11674167 DOI: 10.3390/biom14121599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2024] [Revised: 12/04/2024] [Accepted: 12/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer nanoparticles released from all known cells and are involved in cell-to-cell communication via their molecular content. EVs have been found in all tissues and body fluids, carrying a variety of biomolecules, including DNA, RNA, proteins, metabolites, and lipids, offering insights into cellular and pathophysiological conditions. Despite the emergence of EVs and their molecular contents as important biological indicators, it remains difficult to explore EV-mediated biological processes due to their small size and heterogeneity and the technical challenges in characterizing their molecular content. EV-associated small RNAs, especially microRNAs, have been extensively studied. However, other less characterized RNAs, including protein-coding mRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, circular RNAs, and tRNAs, have also been found in EVs. Furthermore, the EV-associated proteins can be used to distinguish different types of EVs. The spectrum of EV-associated RNAs, as well as proteins, may be associated with different pathophysiological conditions. Therefore, the ability to comprehensively characterize EVs' molecular content is critical for understanding their biological function and potential applications in disease diagnosis. Here, we set out to provide an overview of EV-associated RNAs and proteins as well as approaches currently being used to characterize them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Kumari
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (S.K.); (C.L.); (K.S.); (L.H.)
| | - Christopher Lausted
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (S.K.); (C.L.); (K.S.); (L.H.)
| | - Kelsey Scherler
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (S.K.); (C.L.); (K.S.); (L.H.)
| | - Alphonsus H. C. Ng
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (A.H.C.N.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Yue Lu
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (A.H.C.N.); (Y.L.)
| | - Inyoul Lee
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (S.K.); (C.L.); (K.S.); (L.H.)
| | - Leroy Hood
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (S.K.); (C.L.); (K.S.); (L.H.)
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (S.K.); (C.L.); (K.S.); (L.H.)
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9
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Miceli RT, Chen T, Nose Y, Tichkule S, Brown B, Fullard JF, Saulsbury MD, Heyliger SO, Gnjatic S, Kyprianou N, Cordon‐Cardo C, Sahoo S, Taioli E, Roussos P, Stolovitzky G, Gonzalez‐Kozlova E, Dogra N. Extracellular vesicles, RNA sequencing, and bioinformatic analyses: Challenges, solutions, and recommendations. J Extracell Vesicles 2024; 13:e70005. [PMID: 39625409 PMCID: PMC11613500 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.70005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 09/20/2024] [Accepted: 10/07/2024] [Indexed: 12/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogeneous entities secreted by cells into their microenvironment and systemic circulation. Circulating EVs carry functional small RNAs and other molecular footprints from their cell of origin, and thus have evident applications in liquid biopsy, therapeutics, and intercellular communication. Yet, the complete transcriptomic landscape of EVs is poorly characterized due to critical limitations including variable protocols used for EV-RNA extraction, quality control, cDNA library preparation, sequencing technologies, and bioinformatic analyses. Consequently, there is a gap in knowledge and the need for a standardized approach in delineating EV-RNAs. Here, we address these gaps by describing the following points by (1) focusing on the large canopy of the EVs and particles (EVPs), which includes, but not limited to - exosomes and other large and small EVs, lipoproteins, exomeres/supermeres, mitochondrial-derived vesicles, RNA binding proteins, and cell-free DNA/RNA/proteins; (2) examining the potential functional roles and biogenesis of EVPs; (3) discussing various transcriptomic methods and technologies used in uncovering the cargoes of EVPs; (4) presenting a comprehensive list of RNA subtypes reported in EVPs; (5) describing different EV-RNA databases and resources specific to EV-RNA species; (6) reviewing established bioinformatics pipelines and novel strategies for reproducible EV transcriptomics analyses; (7) emphasizing the significant need for a gold standard approach in identifying EV-RNAs across studies; (8) and finally, we highlight current challenges, discuss possible solutions, and present recommendations for robust and reproducible analyses of EVP-associated small RNAs. Overall, we seek to provide clarity on the transcriptomics landscape, sequencing technologies, and bioinformatic analyses of EVP-RNAs. Detailed portrayal of the current state of EVP transcriptomics will lead to a better understanding of how the RNA cargo of EVPs can be used in modern and targeted diagnostics and therapeutics. For the inclusion of different particles discussed in this article, we use the terms large/small EVs, non-vesicular extracellular particles (NVEPs), EPs and EVPs as defined in MISEV guidelines by the International Society of Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca T. Miceli
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell‐Based MedicineIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Tzu‐Yi Chen
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell‐Based MedicineIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Yohei Nose
- Department of ImmunologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of Oncological SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Swapnil Tichkule
- Department of PsychiatryIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Briana Brown
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell‐Based MedicineIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - John F. Fullard
- Department of PsychiatryIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of Genetics and Genomics SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Center for Disease Neurogenetics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Marilyn D. Saulsbury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of PharmacyHampton UniversityHamptonVirginiaUSA
| | - Simon O. Heyliger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of PharmacyHampton UniversityHamptonVirginiaUSA
| | - Sacha Gnjatic
- Department of ImmunologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of Oncological SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of MedicineIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Natasha Kyprianou
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell‐Based MedicineIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of Oncological SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of UrologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Carlos Cordon‐Cardo
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell‐Based MedicineIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Susmita Sahoo
- Department of MedicineIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Emanuela Taioli
- Department of Population Health and ScienceIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Panos Roussos
- Department of PsychiatryIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of Genetics and Genomics SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Center for Disease Neurogenetics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Center for Precision Medicine and Translational TherapeuticsJames J. Peters VA Medicinal CenterBronxNew YorkUSA
- Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC)James J. Peters VA Medicinal CenterBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - Gustavo Stolovitzky
- Department of Genetics and Genomics SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Biomedical Data Sciences Hub (Bio‐DaSH), Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Edgar Gonzalez‐Kozlova
- Department of ImmunologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of Oncological SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Navneet Dogra
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell‐Based MedicineIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of Genetics and Genomics SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- AI and Human HealthIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
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10
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Zhu X, Liu T, Yin X. TMEM158, as plasma cfRNA marker, promotes proliferation and doxorubicin resistance in ovarian cancer. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2024; 24:34. [PMID: 39543089 DOI: 10.1038/s41397-024-00357-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 10/26/2024] [Accepted: 10/30/2024] [Indexed: 11/17/2024]
Abstract
The current study aimed to identify the potential biomarker for the diagnosis of ovarian cancer within plasma cell-free RNA (cfRNA) species and to characterize their oncogenic properties. cfRNAs were isolated from the peripheral blood of ovarian cancer patients and sequenced using an NGS platform. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed using Salmon software. Gene ontology (GO) analysis was conducted with clusterProfiler. The relative abundance of TMEM158 transcripts was determined by real-time PCR. Cell viability and proliferation was monitored using the MTT and cell counting assays, respectively. The protein levels of TMEM158 and ABCG2 were quantified by immunoblotting. We observed a clear separation of cfRNAs between ovarian cancer patients and healthy individuals. Additionally, we identified TMEM158 as the most significantly differential gene in both peripheral blood and tumor tissues. Overexpression of TMEM158 stimulated cell viability and promoted cell proliferation in ovarian cancer cells. Notably, the aberrant upregulation of TMEM158 was closely associated with doxorubicin resistance in ovarian cancer. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that TMEM158 positively regulates ABCG2 expression, which consequently contributes to drug resistance. In summary, we identified cfRNA TMEM158 as a potential diagnostic biomarker for ovarian cancer and elucidated the critical involvement of TMEM158-ABCG2 signaling axis in the development of doxorubicin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Zhu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, 255000, Shandong, China
| | - Tongchao Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Zhucheng People's Hospital, Zhucheng, 262200, Shandong, China
| | - Xuexue Yin
- Department of Gynecology, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, 255000, Shandong, China.
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11
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Wang S, Bai Y, Ma J, Qiao L, Zhang M. Long non-coding RNAs: regulators of autophagy and potential biomarkers in therapy resistance and urological cancers. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1442227. [PMID: 39512820 PMCID: PMC11540796 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1442227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 10/14/2024] [Indexed: 11/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) comprise a large part of human genome that mainly do not code for proteins. Although ncRNAs were first believed to be non-functional, the more investigations highlighted tthe possibility of ncRNAs in controlling vital biological processes. The length of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) exceeds 200 nucleotidesand can be present in nucleus and cytoplasm. LncRNAs do not translate to proteins and they have been implicated in the regulation of tumorigenesis. On the other hand, One way cells die is by a process called autophagy, which breaks down proteins and other components in the cytoplasm., while the aberrant activation of autophagy allegedly involved in the pathogenesis of diseases. The autophagy exerts anti-cancer activity in pre-cancerous lesions, while it has oncogenic function in advanced stages of cancers. The current overview focuses on the connection between lncRNAs and autophagy in urological cancers is discussed. Notably, one possible role for lncRNAs is as diagnostic and prognostic variablesin urological cancers. The proliferation, metastasis, apoptosis and therapy response in prostate, bladder and renal cancers are regulated by lncRNAs. The changes in autophagy levels can also influence the apoptosis, proliferation and therapy response in urological tumors. Since lncRNAs have modulatory functions, they can affect autophagy mechanism to determine progression of urological cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizong Wang
- Department of Urology, Weifang People’s Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Shangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Urological Diseases in Medicine and Health, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of Urology, Weifang People’s Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Shangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Urological Diseases in Medicine and Health, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Urology, Weifang People’s Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Shangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Urological Diseases in Medicine and Health, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Liang Qiao
- Department of Urology, Weifang People’s Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Shangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Urological Diseases in Medicine and Health, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Mingqing Zhang
- Department of Urology, Weifang People’s Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Shangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Urological Diseases in Medicine and Health, Weifang, Shandong, China
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12
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Liao TT, Chen YH, Li ZY, Hsiao AC, Huang YL, Hao RX, Tai SK, Chu PY, Shih JW, Kung HJ, Yang MH. Hypoxia-Induced Long Noncoding RNA HIF1A-AS2 Regulates Stability of MHC Class I Protein in Head and Neck Cancer. Cancer Immunol Res 2024; 12:1468-1484. [PMID: 38920249 PMCID: PMC11443317 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-23-0622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Intratumoral hypoxia not only promotes angiogenesis and invasiveness of cancer cells but also creates an immunosuppressive microenvironment that facilitates tumor progression. However, the mechanisms by which hypoxic tumor cells disseminate immunosuppressive signals remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that a hypoxia-induced long noncoding RNA HIF1A Antisense RNA 2 (HIF1A-AS2) is upregulated in hypoxic tumor cells and hypoxic tumor-derived exosomes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1α) was found to directly bind to the regulatory region of HIF1A-AS2 to enhance its expression. HIF1A-AS2 reduced the protein stability of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) by promoting the interaction between the autophagy cargo receptor neighbor of BRCA1 gene 1 (NBR1) protein and MHC-I, thereby increasing the autophagic degradation of MHC-I. In HNSCC samples, the expression of HIF1A-AS2 was found to correlate with hypoxic signatures and advanced clinical stages. Patients with high HIF1α and low HLA-ABC expression showed reduced infiltration of CD8+ T cells. These findings define a mechanism of hypoxia-mediated immune evasion in HNSCC through downregulation of antigen-presenting machinery via intracellular or externalized hypoxia-induced long noncoding RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Tsen Liao
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
- Cancer Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Hsien Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Zih-Yu Li
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - An-Ching Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ya-Li Huang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ruo-Xin Hao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Shyh-Kuan Tai
- Department of Otolaryngology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Pen-Yuan Chu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Jing-Wen Shih
- Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Hsing-Jien Kung
- Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California.
| | - Muh-Hwa Yang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Cancer and Immunology Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Research and Education, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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13
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Ortega Moreno L, Chaparro M, Gisbert JP. Long Non-Coding RNAs and Their Potential Role as Biomarkers in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8808. [PMID: 39201494 PMCID: PMC11354568 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic inflammatory disease that encompasses entities such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Its incidence has risen in newly industrialised countries over time, turning it into a global disease. Lately, studies on inflammatory bowel disease have focused on finding non-invasive and specific biomarkers. Long non-coding RNAs may play a role in the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease and therefore they may be considered as potential biomarkers for this disease. In the present article, we review information in the literature on the relationship between long non-coding RNAs and inflammatory bowel disease. We especially focus on understanding the potential function of these RNAs as non-invasive biomarkers, providing information that may be helpful for future studies in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Ortega Moreno
- Área Farmacología, Bromatología y Nutrición, Departamento Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
- High Performance Research Group in Physiopathology and Pharmacology of the Digestive System (NeuGut), University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
| | - María Chaparro
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28006 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.); (J.P.G.)
| | - Javier P. Gisbert
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28006 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.); (J.P.G.)
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14
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Shyu KG, Wang BW, Pan CM, Fang WJ, Lin CM. Exosomal MALAT1 from macrophages treated with high levels of glucose upregulates LC3B expression via miR-204-5p downregulation. J Chin Med Assoc 2024; 87:581-589. [PMID: 38651895 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000001098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 ( MALAT1 ) plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of diabetes-related complications. However, whether macrophage-derived MALAT1 affects autophagic activity under hyperglycemic conditions is unclear. Therefore, we investigated the molecular regulatory mechanisms of macrophage-derived MALAT1 and autophagy under hyperglycemic conditions. METHODS Hyperglycemia was induced by culturing macrophages in 25 mM glucose for 1 hour. Exosomes were extracted from the culture media. A rat model of carotid artery balloon injury was established to assess the effect of MALAT1 on vascular injury. Reverse transcription, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, immunohistochemical staining, and luciferase activity assays were performed. RESULTS Stimulation with high levels of glucose significantly enhanced MALAT1 expression in macrophage-derived exosomes. MALAT1 inhibited miR-204-5p expression in macrophage-derived exosomes under hyperglycemic conditions. siRNA-induced silencing of MALAT1 significantly reversed macrophage-derived exosome-induced miR-204-5p expression. Hyperglycemic treatment caused a significant, exosome-induced increase in the expression of the autophagy marker LC3B in macrophages. Silencing MALAT1 and overexpression of miR-204-5p significantly decreased LC3B expression induced by macrophage-derived exosomes. Overexpression of miR-204-5p significantly reduced LC3B luciferase activity induced by macrophage-derived exosomes. Balloon injury to the carotid artery in rats significantly enhanced MALAT1 and LC3B expression, and significantly reduced miR-204-5p expression in carotid artery tissue. Silencing MALAT1 significantly reversed miR-204-5p expression in carotid artery tissue after balloon injury. MALAT1 silencing or miR-204-5p overexpression significantly reduced LC3B expression after balloon injury. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that hyperglycemia upregulates MALAT1 . MALAT1 suppresses miR-204-5p expression and counteracts the inhibitory effect of miR-204-5p on LC3B expression in macrophages to promote vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kou-Gi Shyu
- Division of Cardiology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Bao-Wei Wang
- Department of Research, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Ming Pan
- Department of Research, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei-Jen Fang
- Department of Research, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chiu-Mei Lin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
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15
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Gupta S, Singh B, Abhishek R, Gupta S, Sachan M. The emerging role of liquid biopsy in oral squamous cell carcinoma detection: advantages and challenges. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2024; 24:311-331. [PMID: 38607339 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2024.2340997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC), the sixth most widespread malignancy in the world, accounts for 90% of all cases of oral cancer. The primary risk factors are tobacco chewing, alcohol consumption, viral infection, and genetic modifications. OSCC has a high morbidity rate due to the lack of early diagnostic methods. Nowadays, liquid biopsy plays a vital role in the initial diagnosis of oral cancer. ctNAs extracted from saliva and serum/plasma offer meaningful insights into tumor genetics and dynamics. The interplay of these elements in saliva and serum/plasma showcases their significance in advancing noninvasive, effective OSCC detection and monitoring. AREAS COVERED This review mainly focused on the role of liquid biopsy as an emerging point in the diagnosis and prognosis of OSCC and the current advancements and challenges associated with liquid biopsy. EXPERT OPINION Liquid biopsy is regarded as a new, minimally invasive, real-time monitoring tool for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Many biomolecules found in bodily fluids, including ctDNA, ctRNA, CTCs, and EVs, are significant biomarkers to identify cancer in its early stages. Despite these groundbreaking strides, challenges persist. Standardization of sample collection, isolation, processing, and detection methods is imperative for ensuring result reproducibility across diverse studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - Brijesh Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - Rajul Abhishek
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Motilal Nehru Medical College, Prayagraj, India
| | - Sameer Gupta
- Department of Surgical Oncology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Manisha Sachan
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
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16
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Winzer R, Nguyen DH, Schoppmeier F, Cortesi F, Gagliani N, Tolosa E. Purinergic enzymes on extracellular vesicles: immune modulation on the go. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1362996. [PMID: 38426088 PMCID: PMC10902224 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1362996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
An increase in the extracellular concentration of ATP as a consequence of cellular stress or cell death results in the activation of immune cells. To prevent inflammation, extracellular ATP is rapidly metabolized to adenosine, which deploys an anti-inflammatory signaling cascade upon binding to P1 receptors on immune cells. The ectonucleotidases necessary for the degradation of ATP and generation of adenosine are present on the cell membrane of many immune cells, and their expression is tightly regulated under conditions of inflammation. The discovery that extracellular vesicles (EVs) carry purinergic enzyme activity has brought forward the concept of EVs as a new player in immune regulation. Adenosine-generating EVs derived from cancer cells suppress the anti-tumor response, while EVs derived from immune or mesenchymal stem cells contribute to the restoration of homeostasis after infection. Here we will review the existing knowledge on EVs containing purinergic enzymes and molecules, and discuss the relevance of these EVs in immune modulation and their potential for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riekje Winzer
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Du Hanh Nguyen
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Felix Schoppmeier
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Filippo Cortesi
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicola Gagliani
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eva Tolosa
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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17
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Mostaghimi T, Bahadoran E, Bakht M, Taheri S, Sadeghi H, Babaei A. Role of lncRNAs in Helicobacter pylori and Epstein-Barr virus associated gastric cancers. Life Sci 2024; 336:122316. [PMID: 38035995 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection is a risk factor for the development of gastric cancer (GC), and the role of co-infection with viruses, such as Epstein-Barr virus, in carcinogenesis cannot be ignored. Furthermore, it is now known that genetic factors such as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in many diseases, including GC. On the other side, they can also be used as therapeutic goals. Modified lncRNAs can cause aberrant expression of genes encoding proximal proteins, which are essential for the development of carcinoma. In this review, we present the most recent studies on lncRNAs in GC, concentrating on their roles in H. pylori and EBV infections, and discuss some of the molecular mechanisms of these GC-related pathogens. There was also a discussion of the research gaps and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talieh Mostaghimi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ensiyeh Bahadoran
- School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mehdi Bakht
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Shiva Taheri
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Hamid Sadeghi
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Abouzar Babaei
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, Iran.
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18
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Crossland RE, Macdonald J, Wang XN. Assessing MicroRNA Profiles from Low Concentration Extracellular Vesicle RNA Utilizing NanoString nCounter Technology. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2822:101-123. [PMID: 38907915 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3918-4_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV) are rich in small RNA; however, a frequent caveat can be low abundance of EV RNA content, especially in clinical studies. NanoString MicroRNA Assays allow for multiplexed profiling of n = 800 mature microRNAs and can be applied to assess EV microRNA cargo. Here, we describe a method to adapt NanoString nCounter microRNA profiling to assess mature microRNA expression in low-concentration RNA samples, including concentrating the RNA, quantifying the RNA, and performing the NanoString protocol. Twelve samples can be assessed at one time using this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Crossland
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute (NUTCRI), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Jamie Macdonald
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute (NUTCRI), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Xiao-Nong Wang
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute (NUTCRI), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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19
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Singh S, Dansby C, Agarwal D, Bhat PD, Dubey PK, Krishnamurthy P. Exosomes: Methods for Isolation and Characterization in Biological Samples. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2835:181-213. [PMID: 39105917 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3995-5_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are small lipid bilayer-encapsulated nanosized extracellular vesicles of endosomal origin. Exosomes are secreted by almost all cell types and are a crucial player in intercellular communication. Exosomes transmit cellular information from donor to recipient cells in the form of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids and influence several physiological and pathological responses. Due to their capacity to carry a variety of cellular cargo, low immunogenicity and cytotoxicity, biocompatibility, and ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, these nanosized vesicles are considered excellent diagnostic tools and drug-delivery vehicles. Despite their tremendous potential, the progress in therapeutic applications of exosomes is hindered by inadequate isolation techniques, poor characterization, and scarcity of specific biomarkers. The current research in the field is focused on overcoming these limitations. In this chapter, we have reviewed conventional exosome isolation and characterization methods and recent advancements, their advantages and limitations, persistent challenges in exosome research, and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarojini Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Heersink School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Cassidy Dansby
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Heersink School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Divyanshi Agarwal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Heersink School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Purnima Devaki Bhat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Heersink School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Praveen Kumar Dubey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Heersink School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Prasanna Krishnamurthy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Heersink School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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20
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Liu J, Hu X, Xin W, Wang X. Exosomal Non-coding RNAs: A New Approach to Melanoma Diagnosis and Therapeutic Strategy. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:6084-6109. [PMID: 37877505 DOI: 10.2174/0109298673267553231017053329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma (MM) is a highly aggressive cancer with a poor prognosis. Currently, although a variety of therapies are available for treating melanoma, MM is still a serious threat to the patient's life due to numerous factors, such as the recurrence of tumors, the emergence of drug resistance, and the lack of effective therapeutic agents. Exosomes are biologically active lipid-bilayer extracellular vesicles secreted by diverse cell types that mediate intercellular signal communication. Studies found that exosomes are involved in cancer by carrying multiple bioactive molecules, including non-- coding RNAs (ncRNAs). The ncRNAs have been reported to play an important role in regulating proliferation, angiogenesis, immune regulation, invasion, metastasis, and treatment resistance of tumors. However, the functional role of exosomal ncRNAs in MM remains unknown. Therefore, this review summarizes the current state of melanoma diagnosis, treatment, and the application of exosomal ncRNAs in MM patients, which may provide new insights into the mechanisms involved in melanoma progression and serve as biomarkers for diagnosis and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Skin Research Institute of Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaoping Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Skin Research Institute of Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wenqiang Xin
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen 37075, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China, 300052
| | - Xianbin Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014030, China
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21
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Spanos M, Gokulnath P, Chatterjee E, Li G, Varrias D, Das S. Expanding the horizon of EV-RNAs: LncRNAs in EVs as biomarkers for disease pathways. EXTRACELLULAR VESICLE 2023; 2:100025. [PMID: 38188000 PMCID: PMC10768935 DOI: 10.1016/j.vesic.2023.100025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound nanoparticles with different types of cargo released by cells and postulated to mediate functions such as intercellular communications. Recent studies have shown that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) or their fragments are present as cargo within EVs. LncRNAs are a heterogeneous group of RNA species with a length exceeding 200 nucleotides with diverse functions in cells based on their localization. While lncRNAs are known for their important functions in cellular regulation, their presence and role in EVs have only recently been explored. While certain studies have observed EV-lncRNAs to be tissue-and disease-specific, it remains to be determined whether or not this is a global observation. Nonetheless, these molecules have demonstrated promising potential to serve as new diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. In this review, we critically evaluate the role of EV-derived lncRNAs in several prevalent diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases, with a specific focus on their role as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michail Spanos
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Priyanka Gokulnath
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emeli Chatterjee
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Guoping Li
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dimitrios Varrias
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Jacobi Medical Center, The Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Saumya Das
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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22
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Abdi E, Latifi-Navid S, Panahi A, Latifi-Navid H. LncRNA polymorphisms and lung cancer risk. Per Med 2023; 20:511-522. [PMID: 37916472 DOI: 10.2217/pme-2023-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) imposes a significant burden, and is associated with high mortality and morbidity among malignant tumors. Aberrant expression of particular lncRNAs is closely linked to LC. LncRNA polymorphisms cause abnormal expression levels and/or structural dysfunction. They can affect the progression of cancer, survival, response to chemotherapy and recurrence rates in cancer patients. The present article provides a comprehensive overview of the effect of lncRNA genetic polymorphisms on LC. It is proposed that lncRNA-related variants can be used to predict cancer risk and therapeutic outcomes. More large-scale trials on diverse ethnic groups are required to validate the results, thus personalizing LC therapy based on lncRNA genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmat Abdi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, 5619911367, Iran
| | - Saeid Latifi-Navid
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, 5619911367, Iran
| | - Alireza Panahi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, 5619911367, Iran
| | - Hamid Latifi-Navid
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, 14965/161, Iran
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23
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Zhang S, Yang Y, Lv X, Liu W, Zhu S, Wang Y, Xu H. Unraveling the Intricate Roles of Exosomes in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Comprehensive Review of Physiological Significance and Pathological Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15677. [PMID: 37958661 PMCID: PMC10650316 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, as potent intercellular communication tools, have garnered significant attention due to their unique cargo-carrying capabilities, which enable them to influence diverse physiological and pathological functions. Extensive research has illuminated the biogenesis, secretion, and functions of exosomes. These vesicles are secreted by cells in different states, exerting either protective or harmful biological functions. Emerging evidence highlights their role in cardiovascular disease (CVD) by mediating comprehensive interactions among diverse cell types. This review delves into the significant impacts of exosomes on CVD under stress and disease conditions, including coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial infarction, heart failure, and other cardiomyopathies. Focusing on the cellular signaling and mechanisms, we explore how exosomes mediate multifaceted interactions, particularly contributing to endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in CVD pathogenesis. Additionally, exosomes show great promise as biomarkers, reflecting differential expressions of NcRNAs (miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs), and as therapeutic carriers for targeted CVD treatment. However, the specific regulatory mechanisms governing exosomes in CVD remain incomplete, necessitating further exploration of their characteristics and roles in various CVD-related contexts. This comprehensive review aims to provide novel insights into the biological implications of exosomes in CVD and offer innovative perspectives on the diagnosis and treatment of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ying Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (S.Z.); (Y.Y.); (X.L.); (W.L.); (S.Z.)
| | - Hongfei Xu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (S.Z.); (Y.Y.); (X.L.); (W.L.); (S.Z.)
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24
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Habib A, Liang Y, Zhu N. Exosomes multifunctional roles in HIV-1: insight into the immune regulation, vaccine development and current progress in delivery system. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1249133. [PMID: 37965312 PMCID: PMC10642161 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1249133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1) is known to establish a persistent latent infection. The use of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) can effectively reduce the viral load, but the treatment can be costly and may lead to the development of drug resistance and life-shortening side effects. It is important to develop an ideal and safer in vivo target therapy that will effectively block viral replication and expression in the body. Exosomes have recently emerged as a promising drug delivery vehicle due to their low immunogenicity, nanoscale size (30-150nm), high biocompatibility, and stability in the targeted area. Exosomes, which are genetically produced by different types of cells such as dendritic cells, neurons, T and B cells, epithelial cells, tumor cells, and mast cells, are designed for efficient delivery to targeted cells. In this article, we review and highlight recent developments in the strategy and application of exosome-based HIV-1 vaccines. We also discuss the use of exosome-based antigen delivery systems in vaccine development. HIV-1 antigen can be loaded into exosomes, and this modified cargo can be delivered to target cells or tissues through different loading approaches. This review also discusses the immunological prospects of exosomes and their role as biomarkers in disease progression. However, there are significant administrative and technological obstacles that need to be overcome to fully harness the potential of exosome drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arslan Habib
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulai Liang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Naishuo Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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25
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Flati I, Di Vito Nolfi M, Dall’Aglio F, Vecchiotti D, Verzella D, Alesse E, Capece D, Zazzeroni F. Molecular Mechanisms Underpinning Immunometabolic Reprogramming: How the Wind Changes during Cancer Progression. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1953. [PMID: 37895302 PMCID: PMC10606647 DOI: 10.3390/genes14101953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolism and the immunological state are intimately intertwined, as defense responses are bioenergetically expensive. Metabolic homeostasis is a key requirement for the proper function of immune cell subsets, and the perturbation of the immune-metabolic balance is a recurrent event in many human diseases, including cancer, due to nutrient fluctuation, hypoxia and additional metabolic changes occurring in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Although much remains to be understood in the field of immunometabolism, here, we report the current knowledge on both physiological and cancer-associated metabolic profiles of immune cells, and the main molecular circuits involved in their regulation, highlighting similarities and differences, and emphasizing immune metabolic liabilities that could be exploited in cancer therapy to overcome immune resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Daria Capece
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB), University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito 2, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (I.F.); (M.D.V.N.); (F.D.); (D.V.); (D.V.); (E.A.); (F.Z.)
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26
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Li X, Wu X, Su X. Crosstalk between Exosomes and CAFs During Tumorigenesis, Exosomederived
Biomarkers, and Exosome-mediated Drug Delivery. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2023; 20:977-991. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180819666220718121827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Cancer‐Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs) originate from the activation of fibroblasts in the
Tumor Microenvironment (TME) during tumorigenesis, resulting in the promotion of tumor growth,
metabolism, and metastasis. Exosomes, which can locally or remotely transfer miRNAs, lncRNAs,
proteins, metabolites, and other substances to other cells, have a size and range distribution of 30 to
150 nm and have been described as new particles that mediate communication among neighboring
and/or distant cells. Exosomes have regulatory roles in the tumor microenvironment that are different
from those in the tumor cells, including mediating the regulation of tumor progression, delivery
of miRNAs involved in reprogramming Normal Fibroblasts (NFs) into CAFs, and the modulation of
tumor initiation and metastasis. Exosomes can be useful biomarkers of the tumor microenvironment
and for the therapy and diagnosis of different diseases. Relevant interactions with cancer cells reprogram
NFs into CAFs or allow cell-to-cell communication between CAFs and cancer cells. Several
researchers have started exploring the precise molecular mechanisms related to exosome secretion,
uptake, composition, and corresponding functions of their "cargo." However, little is known about
the processes by which exosomes affect cancer behavior and their potential use as diagnostic biomarkers
for cancer treatment. Therefore, the crosstalk between CAFs and exosomes during tumorigenesis
and the effects of exosomes as biomarkers and drug carriers for therapy are discussed in this
review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology in Inner Mongolia, Clinical Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of
Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010050, China
| | - Xinlin Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery,
The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010059, Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region,
China
| | - Xiulan Su
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology in Inner Mongolia, Clinical Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of
Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010050, China
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27
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Labbé M, Menoret E, Letourneur F, Saint‐Pierre B, de Beaurepaire L, Veziers J, Dreno B, Denis MG, Blanquart C, Boisgerault N, Fonteneau J, Fradin D. TP53 mutations correlate with the non-coding RNA content of small extracellular vesicles in melanoma. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 2:e105. [PMID: 38939511 PMCID: PMC11080853 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are important regulators of gene expression. They are expressed not only in cells, but also in cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs). The mechanisms controlling their loading and sorting remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the impact of TP53 mutations on the non-coding RNA content of small melanoma EVs. After purification of small EVs from six different patient-derived melanoma cell lines, we characterized them by small RNA sequencing and lncRNA microarray analysis. We found that TP53 mutations are associated with a specific micro and long non-coding RNA content in small EVs. Then, we showed that long and small non-coding RNAs enriched in TP53 mutant small EVs share a common sequence motif, highly similar to the RNA-binding motif of Sam68, a protein interacting with hnRNP proteins. This protein thus may be an interesting partner of p53, involved in the expression and loading of the ncRNAs. To conclude, our data support the existence of cellular mechanisms associate with TP53 mutations which control the ncRNA content of small EVs in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Labbé
- Nantes Université, Inserm UMR 1307, CNRS UMR 6075, Université d'AngersCRCI2NANantesFrance
| | - Estelle Menoret
- Nantes Université, Inserm UMR 1307, CNRS UMR 6075, Université d'AngersCRCI2NANantesFrance
- LabEx IGO “Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology,”NantesFrance
| | | | | | | | - Joëlle Veziers
- INSERM Unit 1229, Regenerative Medicine and SkeletonNantesFrance
- CHU Nantes, PHU4 OTONNNantesFrance
- SC3M, SFR Santé F. Bonamy, FED 4203, UMS Inserm 016NantesFrance
| | - Brigitte Dreno
- Dermatology DepartmentDirector of the Unit of Cell and Gene Therapy CHU Nantes, CIC 1413, CRCINA, University NantesFrance
| | - Marc G. Denis
- Department of BiochemistryNantes University HospitalNantesFrance
| | - Christophe Blanquart
- Nantes Université, Inserm UMR 1307, CNRS UMR 6075, Université d'AngersCRCI2NANantesFrance
| | - Nicolas Boisgerault
- Nantes Université, Inserm UMR 1307, CNRS UMR 6075, Université d'AngersCRCI2NANantesFrance
| | | | - Delphine Fradin
- Nantes Université, Inserm UMR 1307, CNRS UMR 6075, Université d'AngersCRCI2NANantesFrance
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28
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Hu B, Chen W, Zhong Y, Tuo Q. The role of lncRNA-mediated pyroptosis in cardiovascular diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1217985. [PMID: 37396588 PMCID: PMC10313127 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1217985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Pyroptosis is a unique kind of programmed cell death that varies from apoptosis and necrosis morphologically, mechanistically, and pathophysiologically. Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) are thought to be promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the diagnosis and treatment of a variety of diseases, including cardiovascular disease. Recent research has demonstrated that lncRNA-mediated pyroptosis has significance in CVD and that pyroptosis-related lncRNAs may be potential targets for the prevention and treatment of specific CVDs such as diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), atherosclerosis (AS), and myocardial infarction (MI). In this paper, we collected previous research on lncRNA-mediated pyroptosis and investigated its pathophysiological significance in several cardiovascular illnesses. Interestingly, certain cardiovascular disease models and therapeutic medications are also under the control of lncRNa-mediated pyroptosis regulation, which may aid in the identification of new diagnostic and therapy targets. The discovery of pyroptosis-related lncRNAs is critical for understanding the etiology of CVD and may lead to novel targets and strategies for prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qinhui Tuo
- Correspondence: Yancheng Zhong Qinhui Tuo
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29
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Saga Y, Shimoyama Y, Yamada Y, Morikawa N, Kawata T. The cytosolic lncRNA dutA affects STATa signaling and developmental commitment in Dictyostelium. Genes Cells 2023; 28:111-128. [PMID: 36504347 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
STATa is a pivotal transcription factor for Dictyostelium development. dutA is the most abundant RNA transcribed by RNA polymerase II in Dictyostelium, and its functional interplay with STATa has been suggested. This study demonstrates that dutA RNA molecules are distributed as spot-like structures in the cytoplasm, and that its cell type-specific expression changes dramatically during development. dutA RNA was exclusively detectable in the prespore region of slugs and then predominantly localized in prestalk cells, including the organizer region, at the Mexican hat stage before most dutA transcripts, excluding those in prestalk O cells, disappeared as culmination proceeded. dutA RNA was not translated into small peptides from any potential open reading frame, which confirmed that it is a cytoplasmic lncRNA. Ectopic expression of dutA RNA in the organizer region of slugs caused a prolonged slug migration period. In addition, buffered suspension-cultured cells of the strain displayed reduced STATa nuclear translocation and phosphorylation on Tyr702. Analysis of gene expression in various dutA mutants revealed changes in the levels of several STATa-regulated genes, such as the transcription factors mybC and gtaG, which might affect the phenotype. dutA RNA may regulate several mRNA species, thereby playing an indirect role in STATa activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukika Saga
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Funabashi, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yudai Shimoyama
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Funabashi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoko Yamada
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Funabashi, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Morikawa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Funabashi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takefumi Kawata
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Funabashi, Chiba, Japan
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30
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Kar R, Dhar R, Mukherjee S, Nag S, Gorai S, Mukerjee N, Mukherjee D, Vatsa R, Chandrakanth Jadhav M, Ghosh A, Devi A, Krishnan A, Thorat ND. Exosome-Based Smart Drug Delivery Tool for Cancer Theranostics. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:577-594. [PMID: 36621949 PMCID: PMC9930096 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are the phospholipid-membrane-bound subpopulation of extracellular vesicles derived from the plasma membrane. The main activity of exosomes is cellular communication. In cancer, exosomes play an important rolefrom two distinct perspectives, one related to carcinogenesis and the other as theragnostic and drug delivery tools. The outer phospholipid membrane of Exosome improves drug targeting efficiency. . Some of the vital features of exosomes such as biocompatibility, low toxicity, and low immunogenicity make it a more exciting drug delivery system. Exosome-based drug delivery is a new innovative approach to cancer treatment. Exosome-associated biomarker analysis heralded a new era of cancer diagnostics in a more specific way. This Review focuses on exosome biogenesis, sources, isolation, interrelationship with cancer and exosome-related cancer biomarkers, drug loading methods, exosome-based biomolecule delivery, advances and limitations of exosome-based drug delivery, and exosome-based drug delivery in clinical settings studies. The exosome-based understanding of cancer will change the diagnostic and therapeutic approach in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishav Kar
- Department
of Medical Biotechnology, Ramakrishna Mission
Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute, Howrah, West Bengal 711202, India
| | - Rajib Dhar
- Cancer
and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Sayantanee Mukherjee
- Centre
for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala 682041, India
| | - Sagnik Nag
- Department
of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Sukhamoy Gorai
- Rush
University Medical Center, 1620 W Harrison St, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United
States
| | - Nobendu Mukerjee
- Department
of Microbiology, West Bengal State University, Kolkata, West Bengal 700126, India,Department
of Health Sciences, Novel Global Community
Educational Foundation, https://www.ngcef.net/
| | - Dattatreya Mukherjee
- Raiganj
Government Medical College and Hospital, Raiganj, West Bengal 733134, India
| | - Rishabh Vatsa
- Department
of Microbiology, Vels Institute of Science,
Technology and Advanced Studies, Pallavaram, Chennai 600117, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | - Arabinda Ghosh
- Microbiology
Division, Department of Botany, Gauhati
University, Guwahati, Assam 781014, India
| | - Arikketh Devi
- Cancer
and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Anand Krishnan
- Department
of Chemical Pathology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, Free State 9300, South Africa
| | - Nanasaheb D. Thorat
- Nuffield
Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, Division of
Medical Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, United Kingdom,Department
of Physics, Bernal Institute and Limerick Digital Cancer Research
Centre (LDCRC) University of Limerick, Castletroy, Limerick V94T9PX, Ireland,,
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31
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Crossland RE, Albiero A, Sanjurjo‐Rodríguez C, Reis M, Resteu A, Anderson AE, Dickinson AM, Pratt AG, Birch M, McCaskie AW, Jones E, Wang X. MicroRNA profiling of low concentration extracellular vesicle RNA utilizing NanoString nCounter technology. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 2:e72. [PMID: 38938446 PMCID: PMC11080777 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV) and the microRNAs that they contain are increasingly recognised as a rich source of informative biomarkers, reflecting pathological processes and fundamental biological pathways and responses. Their presence in biofluids makes them particularly attractive for biomarker identification. However, a frequent caveat in relation to clinical studies is low abundance of EV RNA content. In this study, we used NanoString nCounter technology to assess the microRNA profiles of n = 64 EV low concentration RNA samples (180-49125 pg), isolated from serum and cell culture media using precipitation reagent or sequential ultracentrifugation. Data was subjected to robust quality control parameters based on three levels of limit of detection stringency, and differential microRNA expression analysis was performed between biological subgroups. We report that RNA concentrations > 100 times lower than the current NanoString recommendations can be successfully profiled using nCounter microRNA assays, demonstrating acceptable output ranges for imaging parameters, binding density, positive/negative controls, ligation controls and normalisation quality control. Furthermore, despite low levels of input RNA, high-level differential expression analysis between biological subgroups identified microRNAs of biological relevance. Our results demonstrate that NanoString nCounter technology offers a sensitive approach for the detection and profiling of low abundance EV-derived microRNA, and may provide a solution for research studies that focus on limited sample material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E. Crossland
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Anna Albiero
- Division of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of SurgeryUniversity of Cambridge Addenbrooke's HospitalCambridgeUK
| | - Clara Sanjurjo‐Rodríguez
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
- Physiotherapy, Medicine and Biomedical Sciences department, University of A Coruña; University Hospital Complex from A Coruña (Sergas, CHUACInstitute of Biomedical Research of A Coruña (INIBIC)‐Centre of Advanced Scientific Researches (CICA)A CoruñaSpain
| | - Monica Reis
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and RepairThe University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarterEdinburghUK
| | - Anastasia Resteu
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Amy E. Anderson
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Anne M. Dickinson
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Arthur G. Pratt
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
- Musculoskeletal Services DirectorateNewcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustUK
| | - Mark Birch
- Division of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of SurgeryUniversity of Cambridge Addenbrooke's HospitalCambridgeUK
| | - Andrew W. McCaskie
- Division of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of SurgeryUniversity of Cambridge Addenbrooke's HospitalCambridgeUK
| | - Elena Jones
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal MedicineUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Xiao‐nong Wang
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
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32
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Expression Analysis of Five Different Long Non-Coding Ribonucleic Acids in Nonsmall-Cell Lung Carcinoma Tumor and Tumor-Derived Exosomes. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12123209. [PMID: 36553216 PMCID: PMC9777400 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12123209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding ribonucleic acids (LncRNAs) are recently known for their role in regulating gene expression and the development of cancer. Controversial results indicate a correlation between the tissue expression of LncRNA and LncRNA content of extracellular vesicles. The present study aimed to evaluate the expression of different LncRNAs in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients in tumor tissue, adjacent non-cancerous tissue (ANCT), and exosome-mediated lncRNA. Tumor and ANCT, as well as serum samples of 168 patient with NSCLC, were collected. The GHSROS, HNF1A-AS1, HOTAIR, HMlincRNA717, and LINCRNA-p21 relative expressions in tumor tissue, ANCT, and serum exosomes were evaluated in NSCLC patients. Among 168 NSCLC samples, the expressions of GHSROS (REx = 3.64, p = 0.028), HNF1A-AS1 (REx = 2.97, p = 0.041), and HOTAIR (REx = 2.9, p = 0.0389) were upregulated, and the expressions of HMlincRNA717 (REx = −4.56, p = 0.0012) and LINCRNA-p21 (REx = −5.14, p = 0.00334) were downregulated in tumor tissue in contrast to ANCT. Moreover, similar statistical differences were seen in the exosome-derived RNA of tumor tissues in contrast to ANCT samples. A panel of the five lncRNAs demonstrated that the area under the curve (AUC) for exosome and tumor was 0.937 (standard error: 0.012, p value < 0.0001). LncRNAs GHSROS, HNF1A-AS1, and HOTAIR showed high expression in tumor tissue and exosome content in NSCLC, and a panel that consisted of all five lncRNAs improved diagnosis of NSCLC.
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Huang Y, Yi Q, Feng J, Xie W, Sun W, Sun W. The role of lincRNA-p21 in regulating the biology of cancer cells. Hum Cell 2022; 35:1640-1649. [PMID: 35969349 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-022-00768-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a type of multifunctional endogenous RNA transcript. The dysregulation of lncRNAs is considered to play a role in the initiation and progression of cancer. One such lncRNA, long intergenic non-coding RNA-p21 (lincRNA-p21), was identified in 2010 as a regulator in the p53 pathway and is gradually being identified to play crucial roles in diverse cellular processes. In this review, we have summarised the diverse regulatory functions of lincRNA-p21. For example, lincRNA-p21 has been reported to function as a protein decoy, act as a competitive endogenous RNA, regulate the transcription, regulate the translation processes and exist in the secreted exosomes. Furthermore, we highlight the emerging roles of lincRNA-p21 in cancer cell regulation. Various types of cancers, including colorectal carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma and non-small cell lung carcinoma, aberrantly express lincRNA-p21. However, the current understanding of the roles of lincRNA-p21 in cancer remains limited. Therefore, considering its potential as a valuable therapeutic target or biomarker for cancer, more research should be conducted to understand the role of lincRNA-p21 in cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Suining First People's Hospital, Suining, 629000, Sichuan, China
| | - Qian Yi
- The Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, China
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianguo Feng
- Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China.
| | - Weichao Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China.
- The Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Second People' Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China.
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Hu S, Liu Y, Guan S, Qiu Z, Liu D. Natural products exert anti-tumor effects by regulating exosomal ncRNA. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1006114. [PMID: 36203417 PMCID: PMC9530706 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1006114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, more than 60% of the approved anti-cancer drugs come from or are related to natural products. Natural products and exosomal non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) exert anti-cancer effects through various regulatory mechanisms, which are of great research significance. Exosomes are a form of intercellular communication and contain ncRNAs that can act as intercellular signaling molecules involved in the metabolism of tumor cells. This review exemplifies some examples of natural products whose active ingredients can play a role in cancer prevention and treatment by regulating exosomal ncRNAs, with the aim of illustrating the mechanism of action of exosomal ncRNAs in cancer prevention and treatment. Meanwhile, the application of exosomes as natural drug delivery systems and predictive disease biomarkers in cancer prevention and treatment is introduced, providing research ideas for the development of novel anti-tumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Da Liu
- *Correspondence: Zhidong Qiu, ; Da Liu,
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Pan Y, Shao S, Sun H, Zhu H, Fang H. Bile-derived exosome noncoding RNAs as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for cholangiocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:985089. [PMID: 36091129 PMCID: PMC9449313 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.985089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is one of the most aggressive malignancies, lacking novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Exosome noncoding RNAs (ncRNA) were previously proposed as a potential source of biomarkers in several cancers. This study aimed to interpret the value of specific bile-derived ncRNA as predictors for early diagnosis and prognosis of CCA. Methods We recruited 100 patients who received endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography at our hospital for bile duct obstruction due to CCA (n = 50) and biliary stone (n = 50). They were further divided into training set and validation set (3:2). A panel of CCA-specific ncRNAs including 5 miRNAs (PMID: 30165035) and 2 lncRNAs (PMID: 29050258) were detected in both serum and bile exosomes. The diagnostic accuracy was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Logistic analysis was used to classify the potential predictors of CCA and further establish the diagnostic model. And the prognostic value of the ncRNAs was also assessed. Results Exosomes were successfully collected from bile and serum. Exosomal miR-141-3p, miR-200a-3p, miR-200c-3p in serum and bile, as well as miR-200b-3p and ENST00000588480.1 in bile showed AUCs of >0.70 in the diagnosis of CCA. Bile exosomal miR-200c-3p displayed the best diagnostic value with the AUC of 0.87. The combination of serum CA19-9 into the model could increase the AUC to 0.906. Bile exosomal miR-200a-3p and miR-200c-3p were found to be independent predictors of CCA. Among exosomal ncRNAs in human bile and blood, 3 (serum and bile exosomal miR-200c-3p, bile exosomal miR-200a-3p) showed significant value in predicting cancer recurrence and 1 (serum exosomal miR-200c-3p) had great predictive ability of cancer death. High levels of serum exosomal miR-200c-3p showed unfavorable tumor-free survival and overall survival. Conclusion The bile exosomal miR-200 family, particularly miR-200c-3p, was verified to be a potential biomarker for the early detection of CCA. The diagnostic ability of exosomal ncRNAs in human bile is better than that in blood. Moreover, high levels of bile exosomal miR-200a-3p, miR-200c-3p, and serum exosomal miR-200c-3p represented adverse clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Pan
- Department of Integrative Oncology, The First People’s Hospital of Fuyang, Fuyang First Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shijie Shao
- Department of Oncological Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Fuyang, Fuyang First Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hang Sun
- Department of Oncological Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Fuyang, Fuyang First Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huafeng Zhu
- The Second Clinical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haixing Fang
- Department of Oncological Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Fuyang, Fuyang First Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Haixing Fang,
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Ashekyan O, Abdallah S, Shoukari AA, Chamandi G, Choubassy H, Itani ARS, Alwan N, Nasr R. Spotlight on Exosomal Non-Coding RNAs in Breast Cancer: An In Silico Analysis to Identify Potential lncRNA/circRNA-miRNA-Target Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8351. [PMID: 35955480 PMCID: PMC9369058 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) has recently become the most common cancer type worldwide, with metastatic disease being the main reason for disease mortality. This has brought about strategies for early detection, especially the utilization of minimally invasive biomarkers found in various bodily fluids. Exosomes have been proposed as novel extracellular vesicles, readily detectable in bodily fluids, secreted from BC-cells or BC-tumor microenvironment cells, and capable of conferring cellular signals over long distances via various cargo molecules. This cargo is composed of different biomolecules, among which are the novel non-coding genome products, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and the recently discovered circular RNA (circRNA), all of which were found to be implicated in BC pathology. In this review, the diverse roles of the ncRNA cargo of BC-derived exosomes will be discussed, shedding light on their primarily oncogenic and additionally tumor suppressor roles at different levels of BC tumor progression, and drug sensitivity/resistance, along with presenting their diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarker potential. Finally, benefiting from the miRNA sponging mechanism of action of lncRNAs and circRNAs, we established an experimentally validated breast cancer exosomal non-coding RNAs-regulated target gene axis from already published exosomal ncRNAs in BC. The resulting genes, pathways, gene ontology (GO) terms, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis could be a starting point to better understand BC and may pave the way for the development of novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ohanes Ashekyan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon;
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon; (S.A.); (G.C.); (H.C.)
| | - Samira Abdallah
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon; (S.A.); (G.C.); (H.C.)
| | - Ayman Al Shoukari
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon;
| | - Ghada Chamandi
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon; (S.A.); (G.C.); (H.C.)
- INSERM U976, HIPI, Pathophysiology of Breast Cancer Team, Université de Paris, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Hayat Choubassy
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon; (S.A.); (G.C.); (H.C.)
- Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon
| | - Abdul Rahman S. Itani
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Inflammatory Stress in Stem Cells, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nisreen Alwan
- College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi 59911, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rihab Nasr
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon; (S.A.); (G.C.); (H.C.)
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Shu J, Chen M, Ya C, Yang R, Li F. Regulatory Role of miRNAs and lncRNAs in Gout. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6513565. [PMID: 35813414 PMCID: PMC9259367 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6513565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the regulatory functions of ceRNA networks in the nosogenesis of gout and search for potential therapeutic targets. METHODS We searched the GEO database and downloaded the lncRNA microarray chipset GSE160170. This matrix series was analyzed to yield differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs. Then, the correlations between lncRNAs and miRNAs were obtained by comparing the highly conserved miRNA families. The predicted miRNA-regulating mRNAs were matched to the differentially expressed mRNAs from the chipset analyses to obtain miRNA-mRNA interactions. Next, we used the Cytoscape software to model ceRNA networks and the STRING database to determine their protein-protein interactions. The R software was used to algorithmically screen the functional pathways of key PPI modules in the ceRNA networks. RESULTS A total of 354 lncRNAs (140 downregulated and 214 upregulated) and 693 mRNAs (399 downregulated and 294 upregulated) were differentially expressed between the gout group and the healthy group. The ceRNA network of differentially expressed lncRNAs contained 86 lncRNAs (35 downregulated and 51 upregulated), 29 miRNAs, and 57 mRNAs. The processes identified in the GO enrichment analysis included gene transcription, RNA polymerase II transcription, and the regulation of cell growth and apoptosis. The pathways identified in the KEGG enrichment analysis included IL-17, TNF, and MAPK signaling. Nine lncRNAs (AC104024, AC084082, AC083843, FAM182A, AC022819, FAM215B, AP000525, TTTY10, and ZNF346-IT1), eleven miRNAs (hsa-miR-1297, hsa-miR-17-5p, hsa-miR-429, hsa-miR-139-5p, hsa-miR-449c-5p, hsa-miR-125a-5p, hsa-miR-125b-5p, hsa-miR-23b-3p, hsa-miR-217, hsa-miR-363-3p, and hsa-miR-20b-5p), and nine mRNAs (JUN, CASP2, PMAIP1, FOS, TNFAIP3, MAP3K8, BTG2, NR4A2, and DUSP2) were identified in the exploration of the key modules. CONCLUSION Characterization of ceRNA networks could be a promising approach for better understanding the pathogenesis of gout, with the TTTY10/hsa-miR-139-5p/AP-1 axis likely to be of clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlong Shu
- Department of Rheumatology, Guangxi International Zhuang Medicine Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China 530201
| | - Minhua Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Guangxi International Zhuang Medicine Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China 530201
| | - Chunse Ya
- Graduate School, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China 530201
| | - Ruixia Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangxi International Zhuang Medicine Hospital, Nanning, Qiuyue Road No. 8, Liang Qing District, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China 530201
| | - Fengzhen Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Guangxi International Zhuang Medicine Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China 530201
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Pompili S, Vetuschi A, Sferra R, Cappariello A. Extracellular Vesicles and Resistance to Anticancer Drugs: A Tumor Skeleton Key for Unhinging Chemotherapies. Front Oncol 2022; 12:933675. [PMID: 35814444 PMCID: PMC9259994 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.933675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although surgical procedures and clinical care allow reaching high success in fighting most tumors, cancer is still a formidable foe. Recurrence and metastatization dampen the patients’ overall survival after the first diagnosis; nevertheless, the large knowledge of the molecular bases drives these aspects. Chemoresistance is tightly linked to these features and is mainly responsible for the failure of cancer eradication, leaving patients without a crucial medical strategy. Many pathways have been elucidated to trigger insensitiveness to drugs, generally associated with the promotion of tumor growth, aggressiveness, and metastatisation. The main mechanisms reported are the expression of transporter proteins, the induction or mutations of oncogenes and transcription factors, the alteration in genomic or mitochondrial DNA, the triggering of autophagy or epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, the acquisition of a stem phenotype, and the activation of tumor microenvironment cells. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can directly transfer or epigenetically induce to a target cell the molecular machinery responsible for the acquisition of resistance to drugs. In this review, we resume the main body of knowledge supporting the crucial role of EVs in the context of chemoresistance, with a particular emphasis on the mechanisms related to some of the main drugs used to fight cancer.
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Wang J, Zhao J, Hu P, Gao L, Tian S, He Z. Long Non-coding RNA HOTAIR in Central Nervous System Disorders: New Insights in Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Therapeutic Potential. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:949095. [PMID: 35813070 PMCID: PMC9259972 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.949095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) disorders, such as ischemic stroke, neurodegenerative diseases, multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, and corresponding neuropathological changes, often lead to death or long-term disability. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is a class of non-coding RNA with a transcription length over 200 nt and transcriptional regulation. lncRNA is extensively involved in physiological and pathological processes through epigenetic, transcription, and post-transcriptional regulation. Further, dysregulated lncRNA is closely related to the occurrence and development of human diseases, including CNS disorders. HOX Transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR) is the first discovered lncRNA with trans-transcriptional regulation. Recent studies have shown that HOTAIR may participate in the regulation of the occurrence and development of CNS disorders. In addition, HOTAIR has the potential to become a new biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis assessment of CNS disorders and even provide a new therapeutic target for CNS disorders. Here, we reviewed the research results of HOTAIR in CNS disorders to provide new insights into the pathogenesis, diagnostic value, and therapeutic target potential of HOTAIR in human CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialu Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiuhan Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Pan Hu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lianbo Gao
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shen Tian
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhenwei He
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Zhenwei He,
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Huis In 't Veld RV, Lara P, Jager MJ, Koning RI, Ossendorp F, Cruz LJ. M1-derived extracellular vesicles enhance photodynamic therapy and promote immunological memory in preclinical models of colon cancer. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:252. [PMID: 35658868 PMCID: PMC9164362 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01448-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising drug carriers of photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT) in cancer treatment, due to their ability to circulate in blood and enter cells efficiently. The therapeutic potential of EVs has been suggested to depend on the type and physiological state of their cell of origin. However, the effects of deriving EVs from various cells in different physiological states on their antitumor capacity are rarely evaluated. In the present study, we compared the antitumor efficacy of EV-mediated PDT by incorporating the photosensitizer Zinc Phthalocyanine (ZnPc) into EVs from multiple cells sources. ZnPc was incorporated by a direct incubation strategy into EVs derived from immune cells (M1-like macrophages and M2-like macrophages), cancer cells (B16F10 melanoma cancer cells) and external sources (milk). Our data show that all EVs are suitable carriers for ZnPc and enable efficient PDT in vitro in co-culture models and in vivo. We observed that EV-mediated PDT initiates immunogenic cell death through the release and exposure of damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) on cancer cells, which subsequently induced dendritic cell (DC) maturation. Importantly, of all ZnPc-EVs tested, in absence of light only M1-ZnPc displayed toxicity to MC38, but not to DC, in monoculture and in co-culture, indicating specificity for cancer over immune cells. In MC38 tumor-bearing mice, only M1-ZnPc induced a tumor growth delay compared to control in absence of light. Interestingly, M1- but not M2-mediated PDT, induced complete responses against MC38 tumors in murine models (100% versus 38% of cases, respectively), with survival of all animals up to at least 60 days post inoculation. Finally, we show that all cured animals are protected from a rechallenge with MC38 cells, suggesting the induction of immunological memory after EV-mediated PDT. Together, our data show the importance of the cell type from which the EVs are obtained and highlight the impact of the immunological state of these cells on the antitumor efficacy of EV-mediated PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben V Huis In 't Veld
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Room C2-187h, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Pablo Lara
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Room C2-187h, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martine J Jager
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Roman I Koning
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Section Electron Microscopy, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ferry Ossendorp
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Luis J Cruz
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Room C2-187h, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Yang X, Zeng T, Liu Z, He W, Hu M, Tang T, Chen L, Xing L. Long noncoding RNA GK-IT1 promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by regulating MAPK1 phosphorylation. Cancer Med 2022; 11:4555-4574. [PMID: 35608100 PMCID: PMC9741976 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are implicated in the oncogenesis and metastasis of multiple human cancers. Nonetheless, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying the oncogenic role of lncRNA in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains to be clarified. METHODS The expression of GK intronic transcript 1 (GK-IT1) was analyzed using ESCC RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure the expression of GK-IT1 in ESCC clinical samples and cells. The correlation between GK-IT1 expression and clinicopathological variables was examined using chi-squared tests. Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox regression analyses were employed to generate the survival curve and assess the prognostic value of GK-IT1. Functional experiments were utilized to explore the role of GK-IT1 in promoting cell migration, invasion, proliferation, and suppressing apoptosis and autophagy in ESCC. To understand the mechanism, an RNA pulldown assay, RNA immunoprecipitation, agarose gel electrophoresis, immunofluorescence, and co-immunoprecipitation assays were used. RESULTS In this study we identified an unreported lncRNA, termed GK-IT1 that was aberrantly overexpressed in ESCC tissues and cells. GK-IT1 was closely associated with advanced clinical stage, and it was an independent prognostic indicator of ESCC. Functional assays verified that GK-IT1 significantly promoted ESCC proliferation, invasion, and migration, and suppressed ESCC apoptosis and autophagy. Furthermore, tumorigenesis experiments in nude mice indicated that GK-IT1 promoted ESCC tumor growth and metastasis. Mechanistically, GK-IT1 competitively bound to mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) to prevent the interaction between dual specificity phosphatase 6 (DUSP6) and MAPK1, thereby controlling the phosphorylation of MAPK1 and promoting ESCC progression. CONCLUSION Our study revealed that GK-IT1 competed with DUSP6 to attenuate the interaction between DUSP6 and MAPK1, leading to activation of the ERK/MAPK pathway, thereby promoting progression of ESCC. Our research indicated that GK-IT1 served as a novel potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Tianyang Zeng
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Ziyang Liu
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Wanlun He
- The Frist People's HospitalChongqing Liang Jiang New AreaChongqingChina
| | - Mengting Hu
- Department of Cell Biology and GeneticsChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Ti Tang
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Lei Xing
- Department of Endocrine and Breast SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
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Žarković M, Hufsky F, Markert UR, Marz M. The Role of Non-Coding RNAs in the Human Placenta. Cells 2022; 11:1588. [PMID: 35563893 PMCID: PMC9104507 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a central and regulatory role in almost all cells, organs, and species, which has been broadly recognized since the human ENCODE project and several other genome projects. Nevertheless, a small fraction of ncRNAs have been identified, and in the placenta they have been investigated very marginally. To date, most examples of ncRNAs which have been identified to be specific for fetal tissues, including placenta, are members of the group of microRNAs (miRNAs). Due to their quantity, it can be expected that the fairly larger group of other ncRNAs exerts far stronger effects than miRNAs. The syncytiotrophoblast of fetal origin forms the interface between fetus and mother, and releases permanently extracellular vesicles (EVs) into the maternal circulation which contain fetal proteins and RNA, including ncRNA, for communication with neighboring and distant maternal cells. Disorders of ncRNA in placental tissue, especially in trophoblast cells, and in EVs seem to be involved in pregnancy disorders, potentially as a cause or consequence. This review summarizes the current knowledge on placental ncRNA, their transport in EVs, and their involvement and pregnancy pathologies, as well as their potential for novel diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Žarković
- RNA Bioinformatics and High-Throughput Analysis, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Leutragraben 1, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.Ž.); (F.H.)
- European Virus Bioinformatics Center, Leutragraben 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Placenta Lab, Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany;
| | - Franziska Hufsky
- RNA Bioinformatics and High-Throughput Analysis, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Leutragraben 1, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.Ž.); (F.H.)
- European Virus Bioinformatics Center, Leutragraben 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Udo R. Markert
- Placenta Lab, Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany;
| | - Manja Marz
- RNA Bioinformatics and High-Throughput Analysis, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Leutragraben 1, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.Ž.); (F.H.)
- European Virus Bioinformatics Center, Leutragraben 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
- FLI Leibniz Institute for Age Research, Beutenbergstraße 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Aging Research Center (ARC), 07745 Jena, Germany
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Dellar ER, Hill C, Melling GE, Carter DR, Baena‐Lopez LA. Unpacking extracellular vesicles: RNA cargo loading and function. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 1:e40. [PMID: 38939528 PMCID: PMC11080855 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of membrane-enclosed structures produced by prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. EVs carry a range of biological cargoes, including RNA, protein, and lipids, which may have both metabolic significance and signalling potential. EV release has been suggested to play a critical role in maintaining intracellular homeostasis by eliminating unnecessary biological material from EV producing cells, and as a delivery system to enable cellular communication between both neighbouring and distant cells without physical contact. In this review, we give an overview of what is known about the relative enrichment of the different types of RNA that have been associated with EVs in the most recent research efforts. We then examine the selective and non-selective incorporation of these different RNA biotypes into EVs, the molecular systems of RNA sorting into EVs that have been elucidated so far, and the role of this process in EV-producing cells. Finally, we also discuss the model systems providing evidence for EV-mediated delivery of RNA to recipient cells, and the implications of this evidence for the relevance of this RNA delivery process in both physiological and pathological scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R. Dellar
- Department of Biological and Medical SciencesOxford Brookes UniversityGipsy LaneOxfordUK
- Sir William Dunn School of PathologyUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordUK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesJohn Radcliffe HospitalUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Claire Hill
- Sir William Dunn School of PathologyUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordUK
| | - Genevieve E. Melling
- Department of Biological and Medical SciencesOxford Brookes UniversityGipsy LaneOxfordUK
- Institute of Clinical SciencesSchool of Biomedical SciencesCollege of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamUK
| | - David R.F Carter
- Department of Biological and Medical SciencesOxford Brookes UniversityGipsy LaneOxfordUK
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Pancholi S, Tripathi A, Bhan A, Acharya MM, Pillai P. Emerging Concepts on the Role of Extracellular Vesicles and Its Cargo Contents in Glioblastoma-Microglial Crosstalk. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:2822-2837. [PMID: 35212938 PMCID: PMC10058057 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02752-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is the most common, highly aggressive malignant brain tumor which is marked by highest inter- and intra-tumoral heterogeneity. Despite, immunotherapy, and combination therapies developed; the clinical trials often result into large number of failures. Often cancer cells are known to communicate with surrounding cells in tumor microenvironment (TME). Extracellular vesicles (EVs) consisting of diverse cargo mediates this intercellular communication and is believed to modulate the immune function against GBM. Tumor-associated microglia (TAM), though being the resident innate immune cell of CNS, is known to attain pro-tumorigenic M2 phenotype, and this immunomodulation is aided by extracellular vesicle-mediated transfer of oncogenic, immunomodulatory molecules. Besides, oncogenic proteins, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), are believed to carry oncogenic potential, and therefore, understanding the mechanism leading to microglial dysregulation mediated by GBM-derived extracellular vesicle (GDEV) lncRNAs becomes crucial. This review focuses on current understanding of role of GDEV and lncRNA in microglial dysfunction and its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangati Pancholi
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Ashutosh Tripathi
- Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston (UT Health), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Arunoday Bhan
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope Medical Centre, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Munjal M Acharya
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Prakash Pillai
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.
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Lee C, Han J, Jung Y. Pathological Contribution of Extracellular Vesicles and Their MicroRNAs to Progression of Chronic Liver Disease. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:637. [PMID: 35625364 PMCID: PMC9137620 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound endogenous nanoparticles released by the majority of cells into the extracellular space. Because EVs carry various cargo (protein, lipid, and nucleic acids), they transfer bioinformation that reflects the state of donor cells to recipient cells both in healthy and pathologic conditions, such as liver disease. Chronic liver disease (CLD) affects numerous people worldwide and has a high mortality rate. EVs released from damaged hepatic cells are involved in CLD progression by impacting intercellular communication between EV-producing and EV-receiving cells, thereby inducing a disease-favorable microenvironment. In patients with CLD, as well as in the animal models of CLD, the levels of released EVs are elevated. Furthermore, these EVs contain high levels of factors that accelerate disease progression. Therefore, it is important to understand the diverse roles of EVs and their cargoes to treat CLD. Herein, we briefly explain the biogenesis and types of EVs and summarize current findings presenting the role of EVs in the pathogenesis of CLD. As the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) within EVs in liver disease is well documented, the effects of miRNAs detected in EVs on CLD are reviewed. In addition, we discuss the therapeutic potential of EVs to treat CLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanbin Lee
- Institute of Systems Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Korea;
| | - Jinsol Han
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Korea;
| | - Youngmi Jung
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Korea;
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Korea
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46
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Hu M, Ma Q, Liu B, Wang Q, Zhang T, Huang T, Lv Z. Long Non-Coding RNAs in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Kidney Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:845371. [PMID: 35517509 PMCID: PMC9065414 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.845371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the major microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus, with relatively high morbidity and mortality globally but still in short therapeutic options. Over the decades, a large body of data has demonstrated that oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and hemodynamic disorders might exert critical influence in the initiation and development of DKD, whereas the delicate pathogenesis of DKD remains profoundly elusive. Recently, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), extensively studied in the field of cancer, are attracting increasing attentions on the development of diabetes mellitus and its complications including DKD, diabetic retinopathy, and diabetic cardiomyopathy. In this review, we chiefly focused on abnormal expression and function of lncRNAs in major resident cells (mesangial cell, endothelial cell, podocyte, and tubular epithelial cell) in the kidney, summarized the critical roles of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of DKD, and elaborated their potential therapeutic significance, in order to advance our knowledge in this field, which might help in future research and clinical treatment for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengsi Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qiqi Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qianhui Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Tingwei Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Tongtong Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhimei Lv
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhimei Lv,
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Shao Y, Qi C, Yan J, Lu R, Ye G, Guo J. Biological and clinical implications of hsa_circ_0086720 in gastric cancer and its clinical application. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24369. [PMID: 35334500 PMCID: PMC9102612 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are thought to be vital participants in carcinogenesis and have the characteristics of being stable, specific, and well conserved. However, their clinical significance and application value in gastric cancer (GC) are still poorly understood. Hsa_circ_0086720 was found to be a dysregulated circRNA in GC by microarray screening and was further explored for its clinical significance and application. Methods Hsa_circ_0086720 was detected in GC cell lines, tissues, and plasma, and the clinicopathological correlations were investigated. The existence, stability, origin, and change in the plasma hsa_circ_0086720 level were verified in early GC patients. Moreover, receiver operating characteristic and Kaplan–Meier survival curves were constructed to analyze the diagnostic and prognostic values, and bioinformatics analysis was used to identify the potential functions. Finally, risk factors and nomogram predicting were established. Results Hsa_circ_0086720 was found to be downregulated in gastric carcinogenesis, and tissue hsa_circ_0086720 was negatively associated with perineural invasion, Borrmann type, disease‐free survival, and overall survival. Hsa_circ_0086720 was stable in circulating plasma and was actively secreted by cells in gastric carcinogenesis. As a biomarker for early GC screening, plasma hsa_circ_0086720 had good sensitivity and specificity, and its stability met the clinical application requirements. Bioinformatics analysis suggested that dysregulated hsa_circ_0086720 has important functions in gastric carcinogenesis. Univariate Cox regression analysis identified factors associated with overall survival time and disease‐free survival time. The nomograms showed good accuracy of predicting survival time. Conclusion Hsa_circ_0086720 is a novel biomarker for screening early GC and predicting the prognosis of advanced‐stage patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfu Shao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Changlei Qi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jianing Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Rongdan Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Guoliang Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Junming Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
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Nukala SB, Jousma J, Cho Y, Lee WH, Ong SG. Long non-coding RNAs and microRNAs as crucial regulators in cardio-oncology. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:24. [PMID: 35246252 PMCID: PMC8895873 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00757-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Significant improvements in the modern era of anticancer therapeutic strategies have increased the survival rate of cancer patients. Unfortunately, cancer survivors have an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, which is believed to result from anticancer therapies. The emergence of cardiovascular diseases among cancer survivors has served as the basis for establishing a novel field termed cardio-oncology. Cardio-oncology primarily focuses on investigating the underlying molecular mechanisms by which anticancer treatments lead to cardiovascular dysfunction and the development of novel cardioprotective strategies to counteract cardiotoxic effects of cancer therapies. Advances in genome biology have revealed that most of the genome is transcribed into non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which are recognized as being instrumental in cancer, cardiovascular health, and disease. Emerging studies have demonstrated that alterations of these ncRNAs have pathophysiological roles in multiple diseases in humans. As it relates to cardio-oncology, though, there is limited knowledge of the role of ncRNAs. In the present review, we summarize the up-to-date knowledge regarding the roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) in cancer therapy-induced cardiotoxicities. Moreover, we also discuss prospective therapeutic strategies and the translational relevance of these ncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarath Babu Nukala
- Department of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, 909 S Wolcott Ave, COMRB 4100, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Jordan Jousma
- Department of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, 909 S Wolcott Ave, COMRB 4100, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Yoonje Cho
- Department of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, 909 S Wolcott Ave, COMRB 4100, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Won Hee Lee
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, ABC-1 Building, 425 North 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA.
| | - Sang-Ging Ong
- Department of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, 909 S Wolcott Ave, COMRB 4100, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, 909 S Wolcott Ave, COMRB 4100, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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Finicelli M, Digilio FA, Galderisi U, Peluso G. The Emerging Role of Macrophages in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: The Potential Impact of Oxidative Stress and Extracellular Vesicle on Macrophage Polarization and Function. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:464. [PMID: 35326114 PMCID: PMC8944669 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most common airway diseases, and it is considered a major global health problem. Macrophages are the most representative immune cells in the respiratory tract, given their role in surveying airways, removing cellular debris, immune surveillance, and resolving inflammation. Macrophages exert their functions by adopting phenotypical changes based on the stimuli they receive from the surrounding tissue. This plasticity is described as M1/M2 macrophage polarization, which consists of a strictly coordinated process leading to a difference in the expression of surface markers, the production of specific factors, and the execution of biological activities. This review focuses on the role played by macrophages in COPD and their implication in inflammatory and oxidative stress processes. Particular attention is on macrophage polarization, given macrophage plasticity is a key feature in COPD. We also discuss the regulatory influence of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in cell-to-cell communications. EV composition and cargo may influence many COPD-related aspects, including inflammation, tissue remodeling, and macrophage dysfunctions. These findings could be useful for better addressing the role of macrophages in the complex pathogenesis and outcomes of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Finicelli
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Filomena Anna Digilio
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Umberto Galderisi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Santa Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Gianfranco Peluso
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Via di Sant’Alessandro 8, 00131 Rome, Italy
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50
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Sproviero D, Gagliardi S, Zucca S, Arigoni M, Giannini M, Garofalo M, Fantini V, Pansarasa O, Avenali M, Ramusino MC, Diamanti L, Minafra B, Perini G, Zangaglia R, Costa A, Ceroni M, Calogero RA, Cereda C. Extracellular Vesicles Derived From Plasma of Patients With Neurodegenerative Disease Have Common Transcriptomic Profiling. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:785741. [PMID: 35250537 PMCID: PMC8889100 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.785741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives There is a lack of effective biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and frontotemporal dementia. Extracellular vesicle (EV) RNA cargo can have an interesting potential as a non-invasive biomarker for NDs. However, the knowledge about the abundance of EV-mRNAs and their contribution to neurodegeneration is not clear. Methods Large and small EVs (LEVs and SEVs) were isolated from plasma of patients and healthy volunteers (control, CTR) by differential centrifugation and filtration, and RNA was extracted. Whole transcriptome was carried out using next generation sequencing (NGS). Results Coding RNA (i.e., mRNA) but not long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in SEVs and LEVs of patients with ALS could be distinguished from healthy CTRs and from other NDs using the principal component analysis (PCA). Some mRNAs were found in commonly deregulated between SEVs of patients with ALS and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and they were classified in mRNA processing and splicing pathways. In LEVs, instead, one mRNA and one antisense RNA (i.e., MAP3K7CL and AP003068.3) were found to be in common among ALS, FTD, and PD. No deregulated mRNAs were found in EVs of patients with AD. Conclusion Different RNA regulation occurs in LEVs and SEVs of NDs. mRNAs and lncRNAs are present in plasma-derived EVs of NDs, and there are common and specific transcripts that characterize LEVs and SEVs from the NDs considered in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Sproviero
- Genomic and Post-genomic Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stella Gagliardi
- Genomic and Post-genomic Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
- *Correspondence: Stella Gagliardi
| | - Susanna Zucca
- Genomic and Post-genomic Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
- EnGenome SRL, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maddalena Arigoni
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Bioinformatics and Genomics Unit, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Marta Giannini
- Genomic and Post-genomic Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Garofalo
- Genomic and Post-genomic Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology (“L. Spallanzani”), University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Valentina Fantini
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Neurogenetic, Golgi-Cenci Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Orietta Pansarasa
- Genomic and Post-genomic Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Micol Avenali
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Neurorehabilitation Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Matteo Cotta Ramusino
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Unit of Behavioral Neurology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Luca Diamanti
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (SRCCS) Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Brigida Minafra
- Parkinson Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giulia Perini
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Unit of Behavioral Neurology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberta Zangaglia
- Parkinson Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alfredo Costa
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Unit of Behavioral Neurology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mauro Ceroni
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Unit of Behavioral Neurology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Raffaele A. Calogero
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Bioinformatics and Genomics Unit, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Cereda
- Genomic and Post-genomic Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
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