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Zus AS, Crișan S, Luca S, Nișulescu D, Valcovici M, Pătru O, Lazăr MA, Văcărescu C, Gaiță D, Luca CT. Radial Artery Spasm-A Review on Incidence, Prevention and Treatment. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1897. [PMID: 39272682 PMCID: PMC11394041 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14171897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Radial artery spasm (RAS) is a common complication associated with transradial access (TRA) for coronary interventions, particularly affecting elderly patients in whom radial access is preferred due to its benefits in reducing bleeding complications, improving clinical outcomes, and lowering long-term costs. This review examines the incidence, prevention, and treatment of RAS. Methods included an online search of PubMed and other databases in early 2024, analyzing meta-analyses, reviews, studies, and case reports. RAS is characterized by a sudden narrowing of the radial artery due to psychological and mechanical factors with incidence reports varying up to 51.3%. Key risk factors include patient characteristics like female sex, age, and small body size as well as procedural factors such as emergency procedures and the use of multiple catheters. Preventive measures include using distal radial access, hydrophilic sheaths, and appropriate catheter sizes. Treatments involve the intraarterial administration of nitroglycerine and verapamil as well as mechanical methods like balloon-assisted tracking. This review underscores the need for standardizing RAS definitions and emphasizes the importance of operator experience and patient management in reducing RAS incidence and improving procedural success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Sebastian Zus
- Cardiology Department, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timisoara, 13A Gheorghe Adam Street, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center of the Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timisoara, 13A Gheorghe Adam Street, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Simina Crișan
- Cardiology Department, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timisoara, 13A Gheorghe Adam Street, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center of the Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timisoara, 13A Gheorghe Adam Street, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Silvia Luca
- Cardiology Department, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timisoara, 13A Gheorghe Adam Street, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center of the Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timisoara, 13A Gheorghe Adam Street, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Daniel Nișulescu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timisoara, 13A Gheorghe Adam Street, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center of the Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timisoara, 13A Gheorghe Adam Street, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 310025 Arad, Romania
| | - Mihaela Valcovici
- Cardiology Department, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timisoara, 13A Gheorghe Adam Street, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center of the Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timisoara, 13A Gheorghe Adam Street, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Oana Pătru
- Cardiology Department, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center of the Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timisoara, 13A Gheorghe Adam Street, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Mihai-Andrei Lazăr
- Cardiology Department, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timisoara, 13A Gheorghe Adam Street, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center of the Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timisoara, 13A Gheorghe Adam Street, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cristina Văcărescu
- Cardiology Department, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timisoara, 13A Gheorghe Adam Street, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center of the Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timisoara, 13A Gheorghe Adam Street, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Dan Gaiță
- Cardiology Department, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timisoara, 13A Gheorghe Adam Street, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center of the Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timisoara, 13A Gheorghe Adam Street, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Constantin-Tudor Luca
- Cardiology Department, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timisoara, 13A Gheorghe Adam Street, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center of the Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timisoara, 13A Gheorghe Adam Street, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
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Allard J, Shotar E, Premat K, Lenck S, Boch AL, Drir M, Sourour NA, Clarençon F. Radial artery occlusion after aneurysm treatment using the rist guide catheter: Single center cohort study. J Neuroradiol 2023:S0150-9861(23)00266-3. [PMID: 37984704 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurad.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Delayed radial artery occlusion (dRAO) is a frequent complication after transradial access (TRA) for neurointervention when using standard large guide catheters. The RIST 079 guide catheter (RIST GC) is the first catheter designed for TRA in neurointervention. We aimed to assess the rate of dRAO after intracranial aneurysm (IA) treatment using the RIST GC. METHODS Patients treated for an IA using TRA and the RIST GC between June 2021 and November 2022 were referred to a systematic US-doppler assessment of the radial artery patency at 3-month follow-up. Patients with and without dRAO were compared to identify risk factors. RESULTS Twenty-two patients were included in the analysis. At 3-months follow up, 6 patients (27.3 %) presented with dRAO. Four patients were asymptomatic and 2 experienced post-operative radial hematoma and wrist pain. There was a tendency towards younger age, longer procedure duration and higher rate of forearm hematoma in patients with dRAO. Navigation using the RIST GC was successful in 90.9 % of cases. Intracranial access failures and navigation complications were all related to left internal carotid artery navigation. CONCLUSIONS At 3-month follow up, 27.3 % of patients treated for IA using TRA with the RIST GC presented dRAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Allard
- Department of Neuroradiology, Sorbonne University, APHP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 47, Bd de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France.
| | - Eimad Shotar
- Department of Neuroradiology, Sorbonne University, APHP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 47, Bd de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Kévin Premat
- Department of Neuroradiology, Sorbonne University, APHP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 47, Bd de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Lenck
- Department of Neuroradiology, Sorbonne University, APHP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 47, Bd de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Laure Boch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sorbonne University, APHP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 47, Bd de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Mehdi Drir
- Department of Anesthesiology and Neuro-intensive care, Sorbonne University, APHP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 47, Bd de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Nader-Antoine Sourour
- Department of Neuroradiology, Sorbonne University, APHP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 47, Bd de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Clarençon
- Department of Neuroradiology, Sorbonne University, APHP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 47, Bd de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
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Borrie A, Raina A, Fairley S, Ranchord A, Harding SA. Use of the Sheathless Eaucath Is an Effective Strategy to Overcome Resistant Severe Radial Spasm. J Interv Cardiol 2023; 2023:2434516. [PMID: 36873570 PMCID: PMC9977557 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2434516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives We aimed to assess the effectiveness of the sheathless Eaucath guiding catheter (SEGC) in overcoming severe spasm. Background Radial spasm is a frequent challenge in transradial access (TRA) and can be difficult to manage. Methods We performed a prospective observational study of 1000 consecutive patients undergoing coronary angiography with or without percutaneous coronary intervention. Patients with primary transfemoral access (TFA) or primary use of a sheathless guide catheter were excluded. Patients who developed angiographically confirmed severe spasm were treated with further sedation and vasodilators. If the conventional catheter would still not advance, it was exchanged for a SEGC. The primary endpoint was the successful passage of the SEGC through the radial with successful engagement of the coronary artery in patients with resistant severe spasm. Results Primary TFA access was used in 58 (5.8%) and primary radial access with a SEGC in 44 (4.4%) patients. Of the remaining 898 patients, 888 (98.9%) had a radial sheath successfully inserted. Of these, 49 (5.5%) developed severe radial spasm with inability to advance the catheter. Following treatment with additional sedation and vasodilators, the severe spasm resolved in 5 (10.2%) patients. Passage of a SEGC was attempted in the remaining 44 patients with resistant severe spasm. Passage of the SEGC and engagement of coronary arteries were successful in all cases. There were no complications related to use of the SEGC. Conclusions Our findings suggest that use of the SEGC for resistant severe spasm is highly effective, safe, and may reduce the need for conversion to TFA.
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Xu Y, Ming ZY. Risk Assessment and Regulatory Exploration of the Lubrication Coating on Intravascular Medical Devices. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:883406. [PMID: 35711372 PMCID: PMC9197230 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.883406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lubricious polymer coatings are increasingly used on intravascular devices to facilitate application processes. Although increasing reports about the detachment and subsequent embolism of polymer particles, this iatrogenic polymer embolism has not been paid enough clinical attention for many years. This article reviews the hazard of coating separation and the difficulty to find it. Furthermore, this proposes the scientific evaluation concept and regulatory exploration to solve the problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xu
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Zhang-Yin Ming
- Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhang-Yin Ming
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Shah N, Javeed M, Patel N, Rodriguez-Waitkus P, Chen WS. Foreign body reaction toward hydrophilic polymer at the site of endovascular procedure: A report of two cases. J Cutan Pathol 2021; 48:781-784. [PMID: 33474744 DOI: 10.1111/cup.13966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hydrophilic polymer-coated devices have been increasingly utilized for various endovascular procedures, however not been without adverse effects. We report two cases of subacute cutaneous lesions on the neck encountered in our dermatology clinic. Histopathologic findings were significant for a nodular aggregate of epithelioid histiocytes and lymphocytes with numerous foreign body giant cells in the dermis. The granulomatous infiltrate was associated with an amorphous basophilic non-polarizable material. Further chart review reveals both patients receiving a central venous procedure in the past, thus attributing the hydrophilic polymers as the likely source of the foreign material found at the insertion site. Our cases contrast to the more commonly reported distal embolization by these hydrophilic polymer layers. We suspect the incidence of retained hydrophilic polymer at the site of prior endovascular procedures may be underreported in the literature with the more inconspicuous presentations. Therefore, retained foreign material should be considered by both treating physicians and dermatopathologists in presenting cases of lesions that occur at common sites of endovascular procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirav Shah
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Masi Javeed
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Nishit Patel
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Paul Rodriguez-Waitkus
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Wei-Shen Chen
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
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Khan MZ, Patel K, Franklin S, Faruqi A, Ahmad W, Saeed J. Radial artery spasm: reviews and updates. Ir J Med Sci 2020; 189:1253-1258. [PMID: 32185750 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-020-02203-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Elective and emergent coronary interventions via transradial access (TRA) are been used increasingly as they carry a reduced risk of complications. Percutaneous coronary intervention via TRA may lead to radial artery spasms (RAS) that may result in prolonged procedure time, cross-over of access site, and other complications. This review article discusses the recent definitions, incidences, pathophysiology, predictive score calculator, efficacy, the safety of the radial cocktails, and treatment of the RAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zubair Khan
- Department of Internal Medicine, St Mary Medical Center, 1201 Langhorne-Newtown Rd, Langhorne, PA, 19047, USA.
| | - Krunalkumar Patel
- Department of Internal Medicine, St Mary Medical Center, 1201 Langhorne-Newtown Rd, Langhorne, PA, 19047, USA
| | - Sona Franklin
- Department of Internal Medicine, St Mary Medical Center, 1201 Langhorne-Newtown Rd, Langhorne, PA, 19047, USA
| | - Aradh Faruqi
- Department of Cardiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Waqar Ahmad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Jamaluddin Saeed
- Department of Internal Medicine, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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Oliver AA, Stinson JS, Osborne A, Taylor C, Goldman J, Kirkpatrick SJ. Comparison of optical microscopy and optical coherence tomography as quality assurance methods for evaluating lubricious hydrophilic coatings surrounding catheter shafts. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2020; 108:2538-2545. [PMID: 32078237 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac catheters are a vital tool in medicine due to their widespread use in many minimally invasive procedures. To aid in advancing the catheter within the patient's vasculature, many catheters are coated with a lubricious hydrophilic coating (HPC). Although HPCs benefit patients, their delamination during use is a serious safety concern. Adverse health effects associated with HPC delamination include pulmonary and myocardial embolism, embolic stroke, infarction, and death. In order to improve patient outcomes, more consistent manufacturing methods and improved quality assurance techniques are needed to evaluate HPC medical devices. The present work investigates the efficacy of two novel methods to image and evaluate HPCs post-manufacturing, relative to industry-standard scanning electron microscopy (SEM)-based methods. We have shown that novel evaluation approaches based on optical microscopy (OM) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) are capable of imaging HPC layers and quantifying HPC thickness, saving hours of time relative to SEM sample preparation and imaging. Additionally, the nondestructive nature of OCT avoids damage and alteration to the HPC prior to imaging, leading to more reliable HPC thickness measurements. Overall, the work demonstrated the feasibility and advantages of using OM and OCT to image and measure HPC thickness relative to industry-standard SEM methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Oliver
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan
| | | | | | | | - Jeremy Goldman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan
| | - Sean J Kirkpatrick
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan
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A Case of Petechial Rash After Peripheral Angioplasty: Answer. Am J Dermatopathol 2020; 42:142-143. [PMID: 31990702 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000001325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Chopra AM, Rapkiewicz A, Daggubati R, Sequeira A, Hu YC, Bhatt DL, Sharma SK, Cruz JP, Tzafriri AR, Edelman ER. Analysis: Intravascular Devices with a Higher Risk of Polymer Emboli: The Need for Particulate Generation Testing. Biomed Instrum Technol 2020; 54:37-43. [PMID: 31961742 PMCID: PMC10520951 DOI: 10.2345/0899-8205-54.1.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Hydrophilic polymer coatings on intravascular devices lower friction between the device and vasculature, thereby reducing trauma during interventional procedures. Polymer coating embolism-the detachment and downstream embolism of polymer particles-has been reported as an iatrogenic complication of coated interventional devices affecting the vasculature and various organs. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) acknowledges this complication and continues to work with stakeholders to close gaps in performance testing and standards related to polymer coating integrity. Recent innovations within interventional technologies have led to development of new hydrophilic-coated devices with expanded indications for use. The 2018 FDA draft guidance for intravascular guidewires expands the application of particulate generation testing to most devices and recommends labeling changes to increase industry awareness. This article highlights current procedural trends where the phenomenon of polymer coating embolism may be more prevalent. It describes the mechanisms of polymer separation, reported clinical sequelae, and risk factors for relevant indications. These procedural trends and associated risk factors articulate the need for particulate testing and support the FDA's draft guidance recommendations for performance testing of applied coatings. If standardized, particulate assessments may allow characterization and comparisons of coating integrity among devices from various manufacturers, and are an important foundation for setting particulate limits. As hydrophilic coatings enable endovascular treatment for a range of patient populations, setting particulate limits or finding alternative solutions without compromise to device function may be essential. Particulate testing is relevant to physicians, regulators, and manufacturers for the purposes of product development and quality improvement of interventional devices.
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Chopra AM. Analysis: Particulate Limits for Intravascular Devices: Considerations for Polymer Coating Embolism. Biomed Instrum Technol 2019; 53:426-432. [PMID: 31765580 DOI: 10.2345/0899-8205-53.6.426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Lubricious polymer coatings are increasingly used on intravascular devices to facilitate easier access and navigation through tortuous blood vessels. Recent reports highlight the separation and downstream embolism of polymer particles affecting the vasculature and various organs. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) acknowledges polymer coating embolism as an iatrogenic complication of intravascular devices and continues to close gaps in standards related to coating integrity. The Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation established particulate testing as an industry standard for evaluating coating integrity of intravascular devices. The FDA recognizes this standard; however, challenges exist in setting particulate limits that may compromise device function without sufficient clinical data. The microscopic nature of polymer emboli not visible with available imaging modalities has impacted reporting. This has also resulted in a reduced number of manufacturer-driven product development projects related to coating integrity. On the other hand, recent procedural trends have supported the innovation of coated devices with expanded indications, requiring particulate evaluations and release limits. This article proposes a methodology to set particulate limits for intravascular devices given existing clinical, regulatory, and manufacturing challenges. The approach with standardization requirements enables characterization, comparison, and evaluation of lubricious coatings from various manufacturers. It incorporates a step-by-step procedure that adds scrutiny to the application of coatings while ensuring device function is not impacted. Together with particulate assessments, clinicopathologic and animal studies permit an understanding of particulate ranges from commercially available devices and setting of particulate limits for new device evaluations.
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Comparison of Radial Artery Occlusion Following Transradial Access for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Using Sheath-based versus Sheathless Technique. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12026. [PMID: 30104697 PMCID: PMC6089964 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30462-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We compared the risk of radial artery occlusion (RAO) in patients undergoing coronary intervention with introducer sheath (SG) or without introducer sheath (SLG). 1251 consecutive patients, from 2 tertiary care center in Pennsylvania, USA, undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) between 2008-2013 formed the study cohort (SLG: 161 patients, SG: 1090 patients). Radial artery patency was assessed using plethysmography. The association between sheath use and RAO was assessed using unadjusted, adjusted and propensity macthed logistic regression analyses. Mean age: 65 years, men: 63%, diabetics: 37%. SG was associated with lower RAO at band removal [unadjusted (OR: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.21-0.46), adjusted (OR: 0.10, 95% CI: 0.05-0.20) and propensity matched (OR: 0.20, 95% CI: 0.13-0.32)], at 24 hours [unadjusted (OR: 0.20, 95% CI: 0.12-0.34), adjusted (OR: 0.12, 95% CI: 0.06-0.24) and propensity matched (OR: 0.13, 95% CI: 0.07-0.25)] and 30 days [unadjusted (OR: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.14-0.54), adjusted (OR: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.10-0.50) and propensity matched (OR: 0.18, 95% CI: 0.10-0.40)], compared to SLG. Sheath use during radial access for PCI is associated with less RAO. It is unclear if use of introducer sheath during radial access for PCI reduces incidence of RAO. In this prospective cohort study involving 1251 concecutive patients undergoing PCI via radial access between 2008-2013, we assessed the difference in incidence of RAO between the SG (n = 1090) and the SLG (n = 161 patients) groups. SG group experienced lower incidence of RAO at band removal, 24 hours and 30 days post PCI in the unadjusted, adjusted, and propensity matched analyses compared to the SLG group. In conclusion sheath use during radial access for PCI is associated with less RAO.
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Chopra AM, Mehta M, Bismuth J, Shapiro M, Fishbein MC, Bridges AG, Vinters HV. Polymer coating embolism from intravascular medical devices — a clinical literature review. Cardiovasc Pathol 2017; 30:45-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Procedural sedation during transradial coronary angiography to prevent spasm. Herz 2015; 41:435-8. [PMID: 26598418 DOI: 10.1007/s00059-015-4373-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
AIM Radial artery spasm is common during transradial procedures and is the most common cause of procedural failure. The objectives of this study were to assess whether the routine administration of sedation at the beginning of transradial coronary angiography with the use of hydrophilic-coated and smaller sheaths/catheters would reduce the incidence of radial artery spasm. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients undergoing transradial coronary angiography were prospectively randomized to receive midazolam during the procedure or no sedative treatment. The primary endpoint was angiographically confirmed radial artery spasm. Stenosis of the radial artery was measured with a computer-assisted quantification method. RESULTS In all, 150 patients were randomized into a treatment group and a control group. Spasm occurred in 15 patients of the treatment group (20 %) versus 16 in the control group (21.3 %). There were no differences between the two groups regarding the incidence of spasm and the distribution of spasm severity (p > 0.05). No significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of 30-day mortality or repeat hospitalization for any cause (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Routine use of midazolam could not reduce the occurrence of radial artery spasm during transradial coronary angiography.
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Radial Artery in Breast Cancer Survivors: A Possible Choice but Always With Caution. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2015; 8:1275-1276. [PMID: 26292603 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Pancholy SB, Shah S, Patel TM. Radial Artery Access, Hemostasis, and Radial Artery Occlusion. Interv Cardiol Clin 2015; 4:121-125. [PMID: 28582044 DOI: 10.1016/j.iccl.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Radial artery access is usually achieved using a micropuncture system. Hydrophilic introducers are used to improve comfort, probably by reducing spasm. A vasodilator cocktail should be administered to prevent severe spasm and anticoagulation; usually, unfractionated heparin is administered to prevent subsequent radial artery occlusion (RAO). Hemostasis at the radial artery puncture site is easily achievable by local compression. Application of local compression frequently leads to interruption of radial artery flow and subsequent occlusion. Careful attention to maintenance of radial artery patency during hemostatic compression has been shown to decrease the risk of RAO without increasing access-related bleeding complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir B Pancholy
- Department of Cardiology, The Wright Center for Graduate Medical Education, The Commonwealth Medical College, 501 Madison Avenue, Scranton, PA 18510, USA.
| | - Sanjay Shah
- Apex Heart Institute, S. G. Road, Ahmedabad 380 054, India; Department of Cardiology, Sheth V.S. General Hospital, Smt. N.H.L. Municipal Medical College, Ellisbridge, Ahmedabad 380 006, India
| | - Tejas M Patel
- Apex Heart Institute, S. G. Road, Ahmedabad 380 054, India; Department of Cardiology, Sheth V.S. General Hospital, Smt. N.H.L. Municipal Medical College, Ellisbridge, Ahmedabad 380 006, India
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Hamidi S, Stevens R, DeClerck B, Kim GH. Hydrophilic polymer microemboli in a patient with a chronic cutaneous ulcer: a case report. J Cutan Pathol 2014; 41:955-8. [DOI: 10.1111/cup.12420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sepehr Hamidi
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine; University of Southern California; Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Ryan Stevens
- Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine; University of Southern California; Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Brittney DeClerck
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine; University of Southern California; Los Angeles CA USA
- Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine; University of Southern California; Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Gene H. Kim
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine; University of Southern California; Los Angeles CA USA
- Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine; University of Southern California; Los Angeles CA USA
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Sobolewski P, El Fray M. Cardiac catheterization: consequences for the endothelium and potential for nanomedicine. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 7:458-73. [PMID: 25429858 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac catheterization results in interactions between the catheter and surfaces and the artery lumen, which is lined by the endothelium. These interactions can range from minor rubbing to severe mechanical injury. Further, in the case of radial access, even atraumatic interactions have consequences ranging from clinical complications, such as radial spasm and radial occlusion, to lasting endothelial cell dysfunction. These consequences may be underappreciated; however, endothelial cells play a central role in maintaining vascular homeostasis via nitric oxide production. Existing treatment paradigms do not address endothelial dysfunction or damage and, thus, novel therapeutic approaches are needed. Nanomedicine, in particular, offers great potential in the form of targeted drug delivery, via functionalized coatings or nanocarriers, aimed at increased nitric oxide bioavailability or reduced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Sobolewski
- Division of Biomaterials and Microbiological Technologies, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland
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18
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Mouawad NJ, Capers Q, Allen C, James I, Haurani MJ. Complete "in situ" avulsion of the radial artery complicating transradial coronary rotational atherectomy. Ann Vasc Surg 2014; 29:123.e7-11. [PMID: 25192824 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2014.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transradial percutaneous access (TR) is promoted because of increased patient comfort and convenience as well as a lower risk of access site and cardiac complications in the literature. Increased use of the TR purports a new set of possible complications for which the vascular surgeon must be capable to recognize and manage. METHODS A 48-year-old, devout Jehovah's Witness, woman with a history of coronary artery bypass surgery presented with a non-ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction. Pretransfer catheterization demonstrated a heavily calcified, 90% distal left main stenosis with an occluded left internal mammary artery graft to the left anterior descending coronary artery. To minimize the risk of bleeding requiring a blood transfusion, a coronary rotational atherectomy via a TR was performed. A nonhydrophilic, 7F sheath was used to accommodate the larger rotational atherectomy burr sizes. The coronary procedure was successful, but the sheath removal was complicated by significant resistance to pullback while the patient complained of severe pain. Post procedure she developed a hematoma with motor and neurological deficits of her hand. RESULTS Emergent surgical exploration with fasciotomy was planned. The radial artery was explored and found to be redundant and pulseless, prompting proximal evaluation and revealing complete avulsion of the radial artery at its origin. An intraoperative arteriogram revealed that the brachial and ulnar arteries and interosseous branches were patent and filled the palmar arch and surgical ligation of the radial artery was conducted. CONCLUSION Vascular surgeons need to be aware of potential complications related to TR which are likely to increase as this method is more widely disseminated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas J Mouawad
- Division of Vascular Diseases and Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH.
| | - Quinn Capers
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Christopher Allen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Iyore James
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Mounir J Haurani
- Division of Vascular Diseases and Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
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19
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Dandekar VK, Vidovich MI, Shroff AR. Complications of transradial catheterization. CARDIOVASCULAR REVASCULARIZATION MEDICINE 2012; 13:39-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carrev.2011.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Revised: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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20
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Kanei Y, Kwan T, Nakra NC, Liou M, Huang Y, Vales LL, Fox JT, Chen JP, Saito S. Transradial cardiac catheterization: A Review of Access Site Complications. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2011; 78:840-6. [DOI: 10.1002/ccd.22978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2011] [Accepted: 01/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Saririan M, Pyne CT. Sterile granuloma formation following radial artery catheterization: Too many Cooks? Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2010; 76:907-8; author reply 909-10. [DOI: 10.1002/ccd.22357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Rathore S, Stables RH, Pauriah M, Hakeem A, Mills JD, Palmer ND, Perry RA, Morris JL. Impact of length and hydrophilic coating of the introducer sheath on radial artery spasm during transradial coronary intervention: a randomized study. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2010; 3:475-83. [PMID: 20488402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2010.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2009] [Revised: 02/18/2010] [Accepted: 03/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the impact of length and hydrophilic coating of the introducer sheath on radial artery spasm, radial artery occlusion, and local vascular complications in patients undergoing transradial coronary procedures. BACKGROUND Radial artery spasm is common during transradial procedures and the most common cause for procedural failure. METHODS We randomly assigned, in a factorial design, 790 patients scheduled for a transradial coronary procedure to long (23-cm) or short (13-cm) and hydrophilic-coated or uncoated introducer sheaths. The primary outcome measure was clinical evidence of radial artery spasm, and secondary outcome measures were patient discomfort and local vascular complications. RESULTS Procedural success was achieved in 96% of the cases, and radial artery spasm accounted for 17 of 33 failed cases. There was significantly less radial artery spasm (19.0% vs. 39.9%, odds ratio [OR]: 2.87; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.07 to 3.97, p < 0.001) and patient reported discomfort (15.1% vs. 28.5%, OR: 2.27; 95% CI: 1.59 to 3.23, p < 0.001) in patients receiving a hydrophilic-coated sheath. No difference was observed between long and short sheaths. Radial artery occlusion was observed in 9.5% of the patients and was not influenced by sheath length or coating. A local large hematoma or arterial dissection was seen in 2.6% of the patients with no difference in groups allocated at randomization. Younger age, female sex, diabetes, and lower body mass index were identified as independent predictors of radial artery spasm. CONCLUSIONS Hydrophilic sheath coating, but not sheath length, reduces the incidence of radial artery spasm during transradial coronary procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Rathore
- Department of Cardiology, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK.
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23
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Feasibility and safety of transradial approach for catheter ablation of idiopathic left ventricular tachycardia. Clin Res Cardiol 2010; 100:37-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s00392-010-0201-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2010] [Accepted: 07/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Araki T, Itaya H, Yamamoto M. Acute compartment syndrome of the forearm that occurred after transradial intervention and was not caused by bleeding or hematoma formation. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2010; 75:362-5. [PMID: 19821498 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.22282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recently, transradial angiography and intervention have been performed with high success rates and low rates of vascular complications. The incidence of compartment syndrome after the transradial approach seems to be very low. However, bleeding in the arm can occur and may lead to the devastating complication of compartment syndrome of the forearm, which if not treated early, can evolve into a disability of the arm. In fact, most cases of such complications are caused by guidewire- or catheter-induced damage to small arterial branches that are considerably proximal to the puncture site. However, we encountered a case of compartment syndrome that was not caused by bleeding or hematoma formation and required urgent fasciotomy for its treatment. The forearm wounds were left open to allow the edema to resolve and closed after 1 week. The patient recovered and was discharged, with full movement of his forearm and hand. We suspect that an arterial spasm induced by the radial sheath or catheter resulted in ischemia of the forearm muscles. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case in which acute compartment syndrome of the forearm occurred after transradial intervention and was not due to bleeding or hematoma formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Araki
- Cardiovascular Center, Sempo Tokyo Takanawa Hospital, 3-10-11 Takanawa, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8606, Japan.
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25
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Dawson EA, Rathore S, Cable NT, Wright DJ, Morris JL, Green DJ. Impact of Introducer Sheath Coating on Endothelial Function in Humans After Transradial Coronary Procedures. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2010; 3:148-56. [DOI: 10.1161/circinterventions.109.912022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background—
The aim of this study was to compare the impact of transradial catheterization with hydrophilic-coated catheter sheaths versus uncoated sheaths on NO-mediated endothelial-dependent and -independent vasodilator function.
Methods and Results—
Thirty-five subjects undergoing transradial catheterization were recruited and assessed before and the day after catheterization. A subgroup was also assessed 3 to 4 months after catheterization. Subjects received hydrophilic-coated sheaths (n=15) or uncoated sheaths (n=20). Radial artery flow-mediated dilatation and endothelium- and NO-dependent arterial dilatation were assessed within the region of sheath placement. Glyceryl trinitrate endothelium-independent NO-mediated function was also assessed. The noncatheterized arm provided an internal control. Flow-mediated dilatation in the catheterized arm decreased from 10.3�3.8% to 5.3�3.3% and 8.1�2.4% to 5.2�3.7% in the coated and uncoated groups, respectively (
P
<0.01). These values returned toward baseline levels ≈3 months later (coated, 6.4�1.4%; uncoated, 9.4�4.1%;
P
<0.05) versus postprocedure. Glyceryl trinitrate decreased from 14.8�7.2% to 9.5�4.1% (
P
<0.05) in the coated group and from 12.2�4.6% to 7.5�4.2% (
P
<0.01) in the uncoated group. Values returned to baseline at ≈3 months (coated, 16.6�5.6%; uncoated, 12.1�3.9%;
P
<0.05). There was no difference in the magnitude of decrease in flow-mediated dilatation or glyceryl trinitrate between coated and uncoated groups. No changes in function occurred in the noncatheterized arm.
Conclusions—
Placement of a catheter sheath inside the radial artery disrupts vasodilator function, which recovers after 3 months. No differences were evident between hydrophilic-coated and uncoated sheaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen A. Dawson
- From the Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (E.A.D., N.T.C., D.J.G.), Liverpool John Moores University, and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital (S.R., D.J.W., J.L.M.), Liverpool, England, and School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health (D.J.G.), University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sudhir Rathore
- From the Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (E.A.D., N.T.C., D.J.G.), Liverpool John Moores University, and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital (S.R., D.J.W., J.L.M.), Liverpool, England, and School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health (D.J.G.), University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia
| | - N. Timothy Cable
- From the Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (E.A.D., N.T.C., D.J.G.), Liverpool John Moores University, and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital (S.R., D.J.W., J.L.M.), Liverpool, England, and School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health (D.J.G.), University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia
| | - D. Jay Wright
- From the Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (E.A.D., N.T.C., D.J.G.), Liverpool John Moores University, and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital (S.R., D.J.W., J.L.M.), Liverpool, England, and School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health (D.J.G.), University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia
| | - John L. Morris
- From the Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (E.A.D., N.T.C., D.J.G.), Liverpool John Moores University, and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital (S.R., D.J.W., J.L.M.), Liverpool, England, and School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health (D.J.G.), University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Daniel J. Green
- From the Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (E.A.D., N.T.C., D.J.G.), Liverpool John Moores University, and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital (S.R., D.J.W., J.L.M.), Liverpool, England, and School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health (D.J.G.), University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia
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Caussin C, Gharbi M, Durier C, Ghostine S, Pesenti-Rossi D, Rahal S, Brenot P, Barri M, Durup F, Lancelin B. Reduction in spasm with a long hydrophylic transradial sheath. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2010; 76:668-72. [DOI: 10.1002/ccd.22552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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27
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Sado D, Witherow F. Sterile granuloma formation following radial artery facilitated coronary catheterization. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2009; 74:606. [DOI: 10.1002/ccd.22048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Varenne O, Jégou A, Cohen R, Empana JP, Salengro E, Ohanessian A, Gaultier C, Allouch P, Walspurger S, Margot O, El Hallack A, Jouven X, Weber S, Spaulding C. Prevention of arterial spasm during percutaneous coronary interventions through radial artery: The SPASM study. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2006; 68:231-5. [PMID: 16819768 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.20812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Radial artery spasm remains the major limitation of transradial approach for percutaneous coronary interventions. The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy of vasodilators in the prevention of radial artery spasm during percutaneous coronary interventions. METHODS AND RESULTS 1,219 patients were consecutively randomized to receive placebo (n = 198), molsidomine 1 mg (n = 203), verapamil 2.5 mg (n = 409), 5 mg (n = 203) or verapamil 2.5 mg and molsidomine 1 mg (n = 206). All drugs were administered through the arterial sheath. The primary end point was the occurrence of a radial artery spasm defined by the operator as severe limitation of the catheter movement, with or without angiographic confirmation. Main characteristics including age, sex, wrist and arterial sheath diameters and procedure duration were identical across the groups. The rate of radial artery spasm was lowest in patients receiving verapamil and molsidomine (4.9%), compared to verapamil 2.5 mg or 5 mg (8.3 and 7.9%), or molsidomine 1 mg (13.3%); and placebo (22.2%) (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Radial artery spasm during transradial percutaneous interventions was effectively prevented by the administration of vasodilators. The combination of verapamil 2.5 mg and molsidomine 1 mg provided the strongest relative risk reduction of spasm compared to placebo and should therefore be recommended during percutaneous coronary interventions through the radial approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Varenne
- Cardiology Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris 5 School of Medicine, Rene Descartes Univeristy, Paris, France.
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29
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Agostoni P, Biondi-Zoccai GGL, de Benedictis ML, Rigattieri S, Turri M, Anselmi M, Vassanelli C, Zardini P, Louvard Y, Hamon M. Radial versus femoral approach for percutaneous coronary diagnostic and interventional procedures; Systematic overview and meta-analysis of randomized trials. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004; 44:349-56. [PMID: 15261930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2004.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 702] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2004] [Revised: 03/17/2004] [Accepted: 04/06/2004] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to compare, through a meta-analytic process, the transradial and transfemoral approaches for coronary procedures in terms of clinical and procedural outcomes. BACKGROUND The radial approach has been increasingly used as an alternative to femoral access. Several trials have compared these two approaches, with inconclusive results. METHODS The MEDLINE, CENTRAL, and conference proceedings from major cardiologic associations were searched. Random-effect odds ratios (ORs) for failure of the procedure (crossover to different entry site or impossibility to perform the planned procedure), entry site complications (major hematoma, vascular surgery, or arteriovenous fistula), and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), defined as death, myocardial infarction, emergency revascularization, or stroke, were computed. RESULTS Twelve randomized trials (n = 3,224) were included in the analysis. The risk of MACE was similar for the radial versus femoral approach (OR 0.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.57 to 1.48; p = 0.7). Instead, radial access was associated with a significantly lower rate of entry site complications (OR 0.20, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.42; p < 0.0001), even if at the price of a higher rate of procedural failure (OR 3.30, 95% CI 1.63 to 6.71; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The radial approach for coronary procedures appears as a safe alternative to femoral access. Moreover, radial access virtually eliminates local vascular complications, thanks to a time-sparing hemostasis technique. However, gaining radial access requires higher technical skills, thus yielding an overall lower success rate. Nonetheless, a clear ongoing trend toward equalization of the two procedures, in terms of procedural success, is evident through the years, probably due to technologic progress of materials and increased operator experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierfrancesco Agostoni
- Department of Biomedical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
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30
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Dieter RS, Akef A, Wolff M. Eversion endarterectomy complicating radial artery access for left heart catheterization. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2003; 58:478-80. [PMID: 12652498 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.10441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The use of the radial artery for arterial access for left heart catheterization is gaining popularity. We report the first case of traumatic eversion endarterectomy following the removal of the arterial sheath after the cannulation of the radial artery. The patient has no long-term vascular compromise of the limb and did not require surgical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Dieter
- Cardiovascular Medicine Section, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, USA
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31
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Hildick-Smith DJR, Walsh JT, Lowe MD, Shapiro LM, Petch MC. Transradial coronary angiography in patients with contraindications to the femoral approach: An analysis of 500 cases. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2003; 61:60-6. [PMID: 14696161 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.10708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The transradial approach to coronary angiography is considered by some to be a route of choice, by others to be a route that should be used only where there are relative contraindications to the femoral approach. We present the largest series to date of patients in whom transradial coronary angiography was undertaken specifically because of contraindications to the femoral approach. Since 1995, patients at this cardiothoracic center have been considered for a transradial approach to coronary angiography if there were relative contraindications to the femoral route. Data from 500 patients was prospectively collected. Patients were aged 66 +/- 9 years; 72% were male. Indications for the radial approach included peripheral vascular disease (305), therapeutic anticoagulation (77), musculoskeletal (59), and morbid obesity (32). Sixty-eight patients (14%) required a radial procedure following a failed femoral approach. Access was right radial 291 (58%), left radial 209 (42%). Eighteen operators were involved, but two operators undertook 355 (71%) of the cases. Catheter gauge was 6 Fr (n = 243; 49%), 5 Fr (219; 43%), and 4 Fr (29; 6%). The procedure was successful in 463 cases [92.6%; 88.2% for nonmajority vs. 94.4% (P < 0.05) for the two majority operators]. Success in males (93.6%) significantly exceeded that in females (90.1%; P < 0.05). In-catheter-laboratory duration was 45 +/- 17 min; fluoroscopy time, 7.5 +/- 6 min; radiation dose, 40 +/- 23 CGy. The procedure was without incident in 408 cases (82%). There were procedural difficulties in 18% of cases, including radial artery spasm (12%) and vasovagal response (5%). The incidence was higher with 6 Fr catheters (23%) than with 5/4 Fr (15%; P < 0.05). Major procedural complications occurred in three cases: brachial artery dissection in one and cardiac arrest in two. Postprocedure major vascular complications numbered three: claudicant pain on handgrip in one, ischemic index finger (with subsequent terminal phalanx amputation due to osteomyelitis) in one, and ischemic hand for 4 hr in one. Patients with contraindications to the femoral approach form a high-risk group. In these patients, transradial cardiac catheterization can be performed successfully and with a low risk of major complications. Minor adverse features remain frequent, occurring in one in five cases, though difficulties are minimized both with increasing operator experience and smaller sheath diameter.
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