1
|
Mistri A, Ravi Sankar CV, Dubey BK, Dhami N, Bhattacharyya SK, Mukherjee A, Barai SV. Effective method for upcycling construction and demolition waste into concrete: A life cycle approach. Waste Manag Res 2024; 42:218-231. [PMID: 37354062 PMCID: PMC10905986 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x231180651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Different property enhancement techniques have already been established to support upcycling of construction and demolition waste as aggregate in concrete. However, the most suitable and sustainable method is still unknown. Quality improvement of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) after any treatment method and its environmental impact is estimated using life cycle analysis (LCA). This article compares the environmental impacts of such treatment methods on RCA and aims to find out the most suitable method with minimum impacts. The functional unit of this study is considered the preparation of 1 tonne of treated aggregate (recycled), considering reduction in water absorption after the treatment. An LCA is carried out using the SimaPro software (https://simapro.com/) followed by ISO 14040/44 guidelines. Based on the LCA environmental profiles, thermal treatment is the highest emission contributing removal method followed by mechanical grinding. In strengthening of attached mortar methods, accelerated carbonation process is the major emission contributing method followed by a specific microbial treatment. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis was performed by varying the energy mix with a focus on renewable-based energy mix. The sensitivity analysis shows a shift on selection for the suitable treatment method and other possibilities considering renewable-based energy mix. A preliminary assessment and probable impact prediction could be conceptualized before the adoption of any treatment method on RCA for a particular location.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Mistri
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
- School of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
- Fibre and Particle Engineering Research Unit, Faculty of Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Cheela Venkata Ravi Sankar
- Environmental Engineering and Management, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
- Department of Civil Engineering, MVGR College of Engineering (Autonomous), Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Brajesh Kumar Dubey
- Environmental Engineering and Management, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Navdeep Dhami
- School of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | | | - Abhijit Mukherjee
- School of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Sudhirkumar V Barai
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
- Department of Civil Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jääskelä M, Turati M, Lempainen L, Bremond N, Courvoisier A, Henri A, Accadbled F, Sinikumpu J. Long-term Outcomes of Tibial Spine Avulsion Fractures After Open Reduction With Osteosuturing Versus Arthroscopic Screw Fixation: A Multicenter Comparative Study. Orthop J Sports Med 2023; 11:23259671231176991. [PMID: 37359980 PMCID: PMC10286196 DOI: 10.1177/23259671231176991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background More information is needed regarding return to preinjury sport levels and patient-reported outcomes after tibial spine avulsion (TSA) fracture, which is most common in children aged 8 to 12 years. Purpose To analyze return to play/sport (RTP), subjective knee-specific recovery, and quality of life in patients after TSA fracture treated with open reduction with osteosuturing versus arthroscopic reduction with internal screw fixation. Study Design Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods This study included 61 patients <16 years old with TSA fracture treated via open reduction with osteosuturing (n = 32) or arthroscopic reduction with screw fixation (n = 29) at 4 institutions between 2000 and 2018; all patients had at least 24 months of follow-up (mean ± SD, 87.0 ± 47.1 months; range, 24-189 months). The patients completed questionnaires regarding ability to return to preinjury-level sports, subjective knee-specific recovery, and health-related quality of life, and results were compared between treatment groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine variables associated with failure to return to preinjury level of sport. Results The mean patient age was 11 years, with a slight male predominance (57%). Open reduction with osteosuturing was associated with a quicker RTP time than arthroscopy with screw implantation (median, 8.0 vs 21.0 weeks; P < .001). Open reduction with osteosuturing was also associated with a lower risk of failure to RTP at preinjury level (adjusted odds ratio, 6.4; 95% CI, 1.1-36.0; P = .035). Postoperative displacement >3 mm increased the risk of failure to RTP at preinjury level regardless of treatment group (adjusted odds ratio, 15.2; 95% CI, 1.2-194.9; P = .037). There was no difference in knee-specific recovery or quality of life between the treatment groups. Conclusion Open surgery with osteosuturing was a more viable option for treating TSA fractures because it resulted in a quicker RTP time and a lower rate of failure to RTP as compared with arthroscopic screw fixation. Precise reduction contributed to improved RTP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maija Jääskelä
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics and Surgery, Oulu University Hospital; Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu; and Medical Research Center, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marco Turati
- Orthopedic Department, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- Ripoll y De Prado FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lasse Lempainen
- Ripoll y De Prado FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Madrid, Spain
- FinnOrthopaedics/Hospital Pihlajalinna, Turku, Finland
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, Paavo Nurmi Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Nicolas Bremond
- Transalpine Center of Pediatric Sports Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- Department of Paediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital Couple Enfant, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France
| | - Aurelien Courvoisier
- Transalpine Center of Pediatric Sports Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- Department of Paediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital Couple Enfant, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France
| | - Antoine Henri
- Unité de Médecine du Sport, Centre Hospitalier Francois Mitterand de Pau, Pau, France
| | - Franck Accadbled
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hôpital des Enfants, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jaakko Sinikumpu
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics and Surgery, Oulu University Hospital; Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu; and Medical Research Center, Oulu, Finland
- Hospital TerveysTalo, Oulu, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hegde YM, Theivendren P, Srinivas G, Palanivel M, Shanmugam N, Kunjiappan S, Vellaichamy S, Gopal M, Dharmalingam SR. A Recent Advancement in Nanotechnology Approaches for the Treatment of Cervical Cancer. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2023; 23:37-59. [PMID: 35570521 DOI: 10.2174/1871520622666220513160706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of female death, with a mortality rate of over 200,000 per year in developing countries. Despite a decrease in cervical cancer occurrences in developed countries over the last decade, the frequency of the disease in developing nations continues to rise at an alarming rate, particularly when it is linked to the human papillomavirus (HPV). With just a few highly invasive conventional therapies available, there is a clear need for novel treatment options such as nanotechnology-based chemotherapeutic drug delivery. METHODS Traditional anticancer therapy is limited by poor drug potency, non-specificity, unwanted side effects, and the development of multiple drug resistance (MDR), leading to a decrease in long-term anticancer therapeutic efficacy. An ideal cancer therapy requires a personalized and specialized medication delivery method capable of eradicating even the last cancer cell responsible for disease recurrence. RESULTS Nanotechnology provides effective drug delivery mechanisms, allowing it to serve both therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. Nanotechnology-based formulations are widely used to accurately target the target organ, maintain drug load bioactivity, preferentially accumulate the drug at the target location, and reduce cytotoxicity. CONCLUSION The key benefits of this drug delivery are that it improves pharmacological activity, solubility, and bioavailability and reduces toxicity in the target tissue by targeting ligands, allowing for new innovative treatment methods in an area that is desperately required. The goal of this review is to highlight possible research on nanotechnologybased delivery systems for cancer detection and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yashoda Mariappa Hegde
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Swamy Vivekananda College of Pharmacy, Elayampalayam, Namakkal, Tamilnadu 637205, India
| | - Panneerselvam Theivendren
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Swamy Vivekananda College of Pharmacy, Elayampalayam, Namakkal, Tamilnadu 637205, India
| | - Geetha Srinivas
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Swamy Vivekananda College of Pharmacy, Elayampalayam, Namakkal, Tamilnadu 637205, India
| | - Monashilpa Palanivel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Swamy Vivekananda College of Pharmacy, Elayampalayam, Namakkal, Tamilnadu 637205, India
| | - Nivetha Shanmugam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Swamy Vivekananda College of Pharmacy, Elayampalayam, Namakkal, Tamilnadu 637205, India
| | - Selvaraj Kunjiappan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil-626126, India
| | - Sivakumar Vellaichamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Arulmigu Kalasalingam College of Pharmacy, Krishnankoil-626126, India
| | - Murugananthan Gopal
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Swamy Vivekananda College of Pharmacy, Elayampalayam, Namakkal, Tamilnadu 637205, India
| | - Senthil Rajan Dharmalingam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Swamy Vivekananda College of Pharmacy, Elayampalayam, Namakkal, Tamilnadu 637205, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rao VS, Cowan S, Armour M, Smith CA, Cheema BS, Moran L, Lim S, Gupta S, Manincor MD, Sreedhar V, Ee C. A Global Survey of Ethnic Indian Women Living with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Co-Morbidities, Concerns, Diagnosis Experiences, Quality of Life, and Use of Treatment Methods. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:15850. [PMID: 36497927 PMCID: PMC9740300 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrinopathy that is highly prevalent in women of Indian ethnicity. Clinical practice guidelines do not adequately consider ethnic-cultural differences in the diagnosing and care of women with PCOS. This study aimed to understand co-morbidities, key concerns, quality of life (QoL), and diagnosis experiences of ethnic Indian women living with PCOS. METHODS Global online survey of ethnic Indian women of reproductive age living with PCOS. RESULTS Respondents (n = 4409) had a mean age of 26.8 (SD 5.5) years and reported having a family history of type 2 diabetes (43%) and PCOS (18%). Most of them (64%) were diagnosed with one or more co-morbidities (anxiety/depression being the most common). Irregular periods, cysts on the ovaries, and excess unwanted facial hair growth were their three top concerns. On average, women experienced symptoms of PCOS at the age of 19.0 (SD 5.0) and were diagnosed at the age of 20.8 years (SD 4.8). We report a one-year delay in seeking medical help and a seven-month diagnostic delay, which were associated with poor satisfaction with the information provided related to PCOS and its treatment options (p < 0.01). Women living outside India reported difficulty losing weight as their most key concern; however, they had higher dissatisfaction with the information provided on diet (OR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.6 to 0.8; p = 0.002), exercise (OR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.6 to 0.9; p = 0.002) and behavioural advice (OR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.6 to 0.9; p = 0.004) than women living in India. Most women reported poor QoL in weight and emotion domains. CONCLUSIONS Ethnic Indian women experience early onset of PCOS symptoms and delay in seeking professional help. Timely diagnosis, providing cultural-specific education related to lifestyle and weight management, and improving psycho-emotional support are key areas that should be addressed in clinical practice and future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vibhuti Samarth Rao
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith 2751, Australia
| | - Stephanie Cowan
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - Mike Armour
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith 2751, Australia
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand (MRINZ), Wellington 6021, New Zealand
| | - Caroline A. Smith
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith 2751, Australia
| | - Birinder S. Cheema
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith 2571, Australia
| | - Lisa Moran
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - Siew Lim
- Health Systems and Equity, Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Boxhill 3128, Australia
| | - Sabrina Gupta
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne 3086, Australia
| | - Michael De Manincor
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith 2751, Australia
| | - Vikram Sreedhar
- School of Computer Science and Mathematics, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 AF, UK
| | - Carolyn Ee
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith 2751, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Manimekalai B, Arulmozhi R, Krishnan MA, Sivanesan S. Consequence of COVID-19 occurrences in wastewater with promising recognition and healing technologies: A review. Environ Prog Sustain Energy 2022; 42:e13937. [PMID: 35942312 PMCID: PMC9350101 DOI: 10.1002/ep.13937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Presently, the coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic presents a major threat to global communal fitness also socio-financial development. Ignoring worldwide isolation as well as shutdown attempts, the occurrence of COVID-19 infected patients continues to be extremely large. Nonetheless, COVID-19's final course, combined with the prevalence of emerging contaminants (antibiotics, pharmaceuticals, nanoplastics, pesticides, and so forth) in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), presents a major problem in wastewater situations. The research, therefore, intends near examine an interdisciplinary as well as technical greet to succor COVID-19 with subsequent COVID cycles of an epidemic as a framework for wastewater treatment settings. This research investigated the potential for wastewater-based epidemiology to detect SARS-CoV-2 also the enzymes happening in wastewater conditions. In addition, a chance for the incorporation into the WWTPs of emerging and robust technologies such as mesmeric nanobiotechnology, electrochemical oxidation, microscopy, and membrane processes to enhance the overall likelihood of environmental consequences of COVID-19 also strengthen such quality of water is resolved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B. Manimekalai
- Centre for Environmental Studies, College of Engineering GuindyAnna UniversityChennaiIndia
| | - R. Arulmozhi
- Department of Applied Science and TechnologyAlagappa College of Technology, Anna UniversityChennaiIndia
| | | | - S. Sivanesan
- Department of Applied Science and TechnologyA.C.Tech, Anna UniversityChennaiIndia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Korecka K, Wiśniewska-Szymańska A, Mikiel D. The impact of systemic psoriasis treatments on human papillomavirus activation and propagation. Australas J Dermatol 2022; 63:293-302. [PMID: 35510323 DOI: 10.1111/ajd.13865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is one of the most prevalent diseases in the world and it affects up to 2% of the worldwide population. Its pathogenesis is complex and the lesions may be triggered by multiple factors. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with anogenital cancers, cutaneous warts and is considered one of the most prevalent infections in the world. In this review, the available literature on the systemic treatment of patients with psoriasis and concomitant HPV infection was analysed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Korecka
- Department of Skin Diseases, Provincial Hospital in Poznan, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Dominik Mikiel
- Department of Skin Diseases, Provincial Hospital in Poznan, Poznan, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhao P, Li H, Ren H. Alveolar soft tissue sarcoma: a report of 50 cases at a single institution. Acta Chir Belg 2022:1-9. [PMID: 35236247 DOI: 10.1080/00015458.2022.2049060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alveolar soft-part sarcoma (ASPS) is a rare soft tissue sarcoma subtype, occurring mainly in young people, with poor prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of localized or metastatic ASPS patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University (China) from 2012 to 2020, focusing on treatment and prognosis. RESULTS The median age at diagnosis was 24 years (range: 1.4-78 years). Women (n = 29, 58%), especially those aged <30 years, dominated this series. The most common metastasis site was lung. Thirty-one (62%) patients developed lung metastasis (localized: n = 9 [18%]; metastatic: n = 22 [44%]). Only a tumor maximum diameter ≥ 5 cm was associated with a high lung metastasis rate (p = 0.039). The mean follow-up time was 37.5 months (1-108 months), and the 5-year overall survival (OS) rate was 84.7%. Univariate analysis indicated that distant metastasis observed at the initial visit and incomplete resection of the primary tumor were associated with poor OS. For localized cases, neither surgery plus radiotherapy (p = 0.486) nor surgery plus chemotherapy (p = 0.536) improved progression-free survival compared to surgery alone. Among the metastatic cases, the disease control rate (PR + SD) was higher for targeted therapy (60%) and combined immunosuppressive therapy (100%) than for conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy (26%). CONCLUSIONS Postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy do not provide good local control for patients with localized disease. Although there is no standard treatment strategy for patients with advanced or metastatic disease, they can benefit from targeted therapy and/or immunosuppressive therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengyuan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Basic Medicine College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huixiang Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Basic Medicine College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huayan Ren
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Basic Medicine College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nawaz H, Aslam M, Rehman T. Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia: Background and recent literature updates on the diagnosis and treatment. Physiol Int 2021; 108:151-171. [PMID: 34166220 DOI: 10.1556/2060.2021.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Hyperbilirubinemia or jaundice has been studied by many researchers because of its diverse causes and potential for toxicity especially in the neonate but to a lesser extent beyond the neonate as well. Several studies have been performed on the normal metabolism and metabolic disorders of bilirubin in last decades of the 20th century. The recent advancement in research and technology facilitated for the researchers to investigate new horizons of the causes and treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. This review gives a brief introduction to hyperbilirubinemia and jaundice and the recent advancement in the treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. It reports modifications in the previously used methods and findings of some newly developed ones. At present, ample literature is available discussing the issues regarding hyperbilirubinemia and jaundice, but still more research needs to be done.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Nawaz
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, 60800, Multan, Pakistan
| | - M Aslam
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, 60800, Multan, Pakistan
| | - T Rehman
- 2Department of Chemistry, The Women University Multan, 60000, Multan, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ngobe A, Semenya S, Sodi T. Psychological ailments and their treatment protocols: a case study of Swati traditional healers in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. Afr Health Sci 2021; 21:884-895. [PMID: 34795748 PMCID: PMC8568258 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v21i2.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that South African traditional healers (THs) treat various mental complaints. However, there is little literature on Swati THs' accounts on this subject. The current study therefore, sought to address this gap. METHODS Data was gathered using qualitative research methods, namely semi-structured interviews with 10 purposely sampled Swati THs practicing in the Kanyamazane peri-urban township (Mpumalanga Province, South Africa). Data was thematically analysed. RESULTS Results showed that THs treat seven psychological aliments, viz. adjustment disorders, depression, mental illness due to ancestral calling, mental illness due to bewitchment, mental illness due to breaking of taboos, psychotic disturbance and substance induced mental illness. Generally, an integrated treatment protocol was utilised by THs to treat and manage these disorders. Most of these procedures are acceptable from either folkloric or scientific viewpoint, and have demonstrated certain level of efficacy in treating mental illness. CONCLUSION Taken together, the evidence presented indicates that Swati THs use different traditional methods to manage various mental complaints. In doing so, they carry a large share of the community caseload for mental health, whilst admitting patients in their homes for extended periods of time, and also referring some (patients) for additional care within the Western health sector.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Ngobe
- University of Limpopo, Research Administration and Development
| | - Sebua Semenya
- University of Limpopo, Research Administration and Development
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Savva P, Ioannou S, Oikonomopoulou K, Nicolaides D, Petrou MF. A Mechanical Treatment Method for Recycled Aggregates and Its Effect on Recycled Aggregate-Based Concrete. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14092186. [PMID: 33923224 PMCID: PMC8123118 DOI: 10.3390/ma14092186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Recycle concrete aggregates (RCA) consist of natural aggregates and remnant mortar adhered to their surface. The amount, size, and morphology of the adherent remainder paste influences quality aspects of RCA, such as their bonding potential with new cement matrix in an RCA-based concrete, as well as the concrete’s overall rheological and performance characteristics. The objective of this research was to study the effect of reducing the adhered mortar in RCA, by means of a mechanical treatment method, on the performance of concrete containing RCA at different percentages. The treatment process was conducted within a concrete mixer truck drum at specific time intervals, the effect of which was determined by means of image analysis, mass loss recordings, and circularity determinations. The effect of size of treated and field RCA, as well as replacement percentages on mechanical performance and durability of high and normal strength concrete mixes, were also investigated. It was concluded that the optimal treatment duration where no further significant removal of adhered paste occurred thereon was 3 h, and concrete mixes containing 3 h treated RCA exhibited comparable performance characteristics to those of the reference concrete mix.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pericles Savva
- Latomia Pharmakas, 23 Themistokli Dervi Av., S.TA.D.Y.L. Building, P.O. Box 23504, Nicosia 1066, Cyprus
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +35722150000
| | - Socrates Ioannou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Cyprus, 75 Kallipoleos Av., P.O. Box 20537, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus; (S.I.); (K.O.); (M.F.P.)
| | - Konstantina Oikonomopoulou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Cyprus, 75 Kallipoleos Av., P.O. Box 20537, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus; (S.I.); (K.O.); (M.F.P.)
| | | | - Michael Frixos Petrou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Cyprus, 75 Kallipoleos Av., P.O. Box 20537, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus; (S.I.); (K.O.); (M.F.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND E-cigarette use is common among adolescents and young adults, yet little is known about e-cigarette cessation among this group. The current study assessed e-cigarette cessation attempts, interest in e-cigarette cessation, and methods of e-cigarette cessation most favored by young e-cigarette users. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was administered via Facebook and Instagram between February and April 2019 to enroll current, regular e-cigarette using adolescents and young adults who reported non-regular use of other tobacco products. Participants included 212 (51.4% female) adolescents and young adults (14 to 21 years of age) who reported six or more days of e-cigarette use and less than four days of other tobacco product use in the last 30 days. RESULTS More than half (n = 110; 51.9%) of the participants reported at least one past serious e-cigarette quit attempt. Among those, the average number of past quit attempts was 2.9 (SD = 3.9). Of the 157 (74.1%) participants who indicated they were interested in quitting e-cigarettes, 78 (49.7%) endorsed health risks as their primary reason for wanting to quit e-cigarettes. The most frequently endorsed intervention methods to aid in e-cigarette cessation were those delivered via digital methods, such as smartphone apps. CONCLUSION The current study provides preliminary data to support continued development of e-cigarette cessation treatments for adolescents and young adults. Future research should evaluate the potential use of digital methods to aid in e-cigarette cessation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorra Garey
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lori A J Scott-Sheldon
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Hannah Olofsson
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kimberly M Nelson
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kulikov AG, Turova EA. [Drinking mineral waters: problematic issues and prospects of use in treatment and rehabilitation]. Vopr Kurortol Fizioter Lech Fiz Kult 2021; 98:54-60. [PMID: 34965697 DOI: 10.17116/kurort20219806154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The article is devoted to the use of drinking mineral waters in the treatment and rehabilitation of patients with various pathologies. The results of numerous studies carried out in previous years have proven the ability of mineral waters to positively influence the functional state of the digestive system, eliminate various metabolic disorders, and affect the processes of hormonal and immune regulation. However, due to the current lack of educational programs for the training of doctors at medical universities, as well as further training in the basics of balneology, medical workers often encounter difficulties in determining the most suitable schemes for the use of mineral waters for a specific pathology. It is known that today there are quite a lot of bottled waters on the market that do not have a healing effect, but are quite suitable for use as table waters. The latter circumstance, combined with not always correct information about the real healing properties of waters, creates certain difficulties even for doctors. In addition, there is a need for a certain clarification of the methods of prescribing mineral waters, taking into account the magnitude of mineralization, the main cation-anionic composition, the nature of the disease and the phase of its course. Taking into account the fact that drinking mineral waters are actively used in the treatment of many diseases, including in children and the elderly, the task of fully and competently informing doctors of different specialties, and with their help, patients, about the features of specific mineral waters available in different regions of the Russian Federation, their unique capabilities, optimal methods of therapeutic use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A G Kulikov
- Moscow Scientific and Practical Center for Medical Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine of the Moscow City Health Department, Moscow, Russia
| | - E A Turova
- Moscow Scientific and Practical Center for Medical Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine of the Moscow City Health Department, Moscow, Russia
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Baby B, Devan AR, Nair B, Nath LR. The Impetus of COVID -19 in Multiple Organ Affliction Apart from Respiratory Infection: Pathogenesis, Diagnostic Measures and Current Treatment Strategy. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2021; 21:514-526. [PMID: 32888278 DOI: 10.2174/1871526520999200905115050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The pandemic spread of COVID 19 caused by the novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV- 2) produced a tremendous effect on the life of humanity across the globe. The epidemiological studies revealed the drastic spectrum of SARS-CoV 2 infection ranging from mere flu-like symptoms to severe respiratory suppression within a short period. Initially, cases have been confined in the emerging point, Wuhan, China. But, within a few months, it has spread all over 212 countries around the globe and presently has become a severe threat to human life. Even though it is a severe acute respiratory syndrome virus, recent reports came with multiple organ effects of SARS-CoV 2, suggesting the virulence potential of this novel virus to sweep the planet in the absence of a proper vaccine or therapy. In this review, we discuss the multi-organ pathophysiology of COVID-19 infection, together with the treatment methods adopted and innovative diagnostic methods used.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bilha Baby
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita VishwaVidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, AIMS P. O. Ponekkara, Kochi, Kerala-682041, India
| | - Aswathy R Devan
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita VishwaVidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, AIMS P. O. Ponekkara, Kochi, Kerala-682041, India
| | - Bhagyalakshmi Nair
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita VishwaVidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, AIMS P. O. Ponekkara, Kochi, Kerala-682041, India
| | - Lekshmi R Nath
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita VishwaVidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, AIMS P. O. Ponekkara, Kochi, Kerala-682041, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Timerbulatov SV, Timerbulstov MV, Gainullina EN, Gafarova AR, Timerbulatov VM. [Drug treatment of coronavirus disease COVID-19: evidence exists?]. Khirurgiia (Mosk) 2020:90-97. [PMID: 32573538 DOI: 10.17116/hirurgia202006190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The article provides a review of foreign literature for 2020 on existing methods of drug treatment of coronavirus disease COVID-19. To date, in the treatment of COVID-19 in different countries, a little more than 10 drugs are used. The largest number of studies on the testing of these drugs is carried out by scientists from China, the USA, and European countries. It should be noted that among these drugs there is not a single new drug developed specifically for the treatment of COVID-19, the recommended and used drugs have previously been used to treat, as a rule, diseases of the viral etiology, less often another pathology. These suggestions are often based on analogy, the hypothesis of their supposed effectiveness for COVID-19. It can be assumed that a brake on the development of a drug specific for coronavirus disease is a poor knowledge of the pathogenesis of virus invasion in the body's adhesives and the development of complications. The review provides detailed literature data on drugs such as hydroxychloroquine / chloroquine, lopinavir/natinavir, remdesivir, ACE inhibitors and angiotensin converting enzyme receptor blockers, tissue plasminogen activator, as well as plasma transfusion transfusions.
Collapse
|
15
|
Yang H, Jiang H, Ni W, Leng B, Bin X, Chen G, Tian Y, Gu Y. Treatment Strategy for Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysm in Elderly Patients: Coiling, Clipping, or Conservative? Cell Transplant 2019; 28:767-774. [PMID: 30648433 PMCID: PMC6686429 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718823517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) has been
discovered in elderly patients in recent years, but the optimal treatment
strategy for these patients remains controversial. We report our six-year
experience treating UIAs in elderly patients (≥ 70 years old). A retrospective
review was conducted of elderly patients who harbored UIAs treated by
conservative observation, microsurgical clipping, or endovascular coiling
between January 2009 and December 2014. The patients’ clinical and imaging
information was recorded. Treating methods, procedure-related complications,
imaging results, and clinical outcomes were analyzed. A total of 141 consecutive
elderly patients with 166 UIAs were enrolled in our study. In all, 64 patients
with 79 aneurysms were treated with coiling, and 14 patients with 14 aneurysms
were treated with clipping. The remaining 63 patients with 73 aneurysms were
placed under conservative observation. The average modified Rankin scale was
0.99 (range 0–6) in the full cohort after a mean follow-up of 50.4 months (range
0–70 months). There was no significant difference of modified Rankin scale in
patients with UIAs treated by different methods. Multivariate analysis showed
that age (p=0.030) and aneurysm size (p=0.011)
were independent risk factors for unfavorable outcome of UIAs in the elderly.
Patient age (p=0.010) and aneurysm size
(p=0.020) were also significantly associated with unfavorable
outcome of UIAs managed with observation initially. Our results indicated that
endovascular coil embolization and clipping were both safe and effective
treatment methods for UIAs in the elderly. Aggressive treatment for UIAs in
elderly patients with risk factors of aneurysm rupture should be considered
positively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Yang
- 1 Division of Cerebrovascular Surgery and Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - H Jiang
- 1 Division of Cerebrovascular Surgery and Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - W Ni
- 1 Division of Cerebrovascular Surgery and Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - B Leng
- 1 Division of Cerebrovascular Surgery and Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - X Bin
- 1 Division of Cerebrovascular Surgery and Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - G Chen
- 1 Division of Cerebrovascular Surgery and Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Tian
- 1 Division of Cerebrovascular Surgery and Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Gu
- 1 Division of Cerebrovascular Surgery and Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Alodhayani AA, Alkhushail A, Alhantoushi M, Alsaad SM, Almigbal TH, Alotaibi K, Batais MA, Altheaby A, Al Dalbhi S, Alghamdi Y. Efficacy of treatment methods for uncontrolled hypertension and its effects on atrial fibrillation: A systematic narrative review. Int J Health Sci (Qassim) 2019; 13:39-46. [PMID: 31745397 PMCID: PMC6852498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Uncontrolled hypertension is a main predisposing risk factor leading to chronic atrial fibrillation (AF). Although several treatment methods for patients with HTN and AF were developed in past decades, further investigations of their efficacies are needed. This systematic narrative review presents an overview of studies reporting treatment efficacies in patients with HTN and/or AF. METHODS A narrative-based systematic review was performed using EMBASE, Medline, PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library searching for relevant papers published between October 2008 and October 2018. Out of 4481 studies, only 15 studies could be included following the inclusion criteria. RESULTS Included studies reported treatment measures, measured outcomes, and efficacies in adult patients with HTN and AF with defined interventions and methodologies. Treatment methods with effective outcomes were administration of hydrochlorothiazide, losartan or atenolol, telmisartan or amlodipine, or general anti-hypertensive drugs. Treatment methods that showed the most effective outcomes (lowering AF recurrence and improving BP control) were those containing pulmonary vein (or antrum) isolation (PVI/PVAI) (6 studies) and/or in conjunction with renal denervation (RDN)(6 studies). Treatment methods showing the most effective outcomes were PVI/PVAI in conjunction with RDN. CONCLUSION The latest evidence shows that PVI (in conjunction with RDN in some instances) was more efficacious among patients suffering from HTN and/or AF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz A. Alodhayani
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mashhor Alhantoushi
- Department of Family Medicine, Prince Mohammed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad M. Alsaad
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turky H. Almigbal
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Alotaibi
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical Services, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Batais
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Altheaby
- Department of Hepatobiliary Sciences and Organ Transplant, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Al Dalbhi
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical Services, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Address for correspondence: Sultan Al Dalbhi, Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical Services, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh 11159, Saudi Arabia. Phone: +966530373337. E-mail:
| | - Yasser Alghamdi
- Department of Family Medicine, Prince Mohammed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe and analyse the hospitalisation cost of patients with hip fracture under the influence of various factors and to provide references for Chinese national medical insurance policy. MATERIALS AND METHODS All data were collected from the Chinese National Medical Data Centre database, which contained the hospitalisation data of 73 tertiary hospitals from 24 provinces. The included patients were first hospitalised with the main diagnosis of femoral neck or intertrochanteric fracture, and were discharged between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2015. Secondary hospitalisation, multiple trauma or pathologic fracture (except for osteoporotic fracture) patients or patients with missing data were excluded. The impact of various factors on the cost was investigated using analysis of variance and multivariable linear regression analysis. The Gross Domestic Product per capita and average annual disposable income were obtained from the website of the National Bureau of Statistics. RESULTS 27 205 cases were included in the study. The mean cost of all patients was ¥53 440. 60-69 years age group had a significantly higher cost compared with 80 years and above age group. The mean cost of femoral neck fractures was lower than that of the patients with intertrochanteric fractures; the mean cost of hip replacement was higher than that of internal fixation, which showed a strong effect of the surgical approach to the cost. Patients in low-income provinces spent less than those in high-income provinces, while the gap between high-income and middle-income provinces were relatively small. CONCLUSION The hospitalisation cost of hip fracture has become a great burden to the patients' families. The Chinese medical insurance policy may need further consideration of the demographic and economic factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Wang
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haoran Cui
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dianying Zhang
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Peixun Zhang
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Shen L, Lin ZT, Lin X, Yang ZJ. [The management for pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis with upper respiratory tract concomitant diseases]. Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2017; 31:446-450. [PMID: 29871283 DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.1001-1781.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective:To analyze the clinical impact of upper respiratory tract concomitant diseases in pediatrics chronic rhinosinusitis(CRS) and treatment methods, efficacy and timing of the concomitant diseases.Method:Two hundred and sixty-seven cases with CRS at a tertiary children's medical center from March 2013 to March 2015 were included in this study. The cases were divided into two groups according to the concomitant diseases. 66 cases without concomitant diseases were allocated into group A;201 cases with concomitant diseases were classified into group B. Group B was further divided into two subgroups according to treatment methods: subgroup B1(97 cases) and subgroup B2(104 cases). Group A and B1 were given the same basic treatment for 3 months,while Group B2 was given the basic plus targeted treatment for the same duration. Comprehensive evaluation was conducted at 3, 6 and 15-months after commencement of treatment. Result:The therapeutic effect of Group A was significantly superior to Group B1 in 3 months(P<0.05).The clinical efficacy of Group A decreased slightly while Group B1 showed significantly reduced efficacy at 6 and 15-months (all P<0.05). Comparing Group B1 and B2, the comprehensive effect of Group B2 was considerably better than Group B1 at 3 months(P<0.05). Furthermore, Group B2 showed no decrease in efficacy while Group B1 decreased significantly at 6 and 15-month. Conclusion:Recurrent upper respiratory tract infections, allergic rhinitis, adenoid hypertrophy and chronic tonsillitis, were common the upper respiratory tract accompanying diseases in children with CRS, and they had significant influence on the efficacy and recurrence of CRS. The basic plus targeted treatment can improve the efficacy and reduce recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Shen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Fuzhou Children's Hospital of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University Hospital,Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Z T Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Fuzhou Children's Hospital of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University Hospital,Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - X Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Fuzhou Children's Hospital of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University Hospital,Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Z J Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Fuzhou Children's Hospital of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University Hospital,Fuzhou, 350005, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bleich VC, Johnson CK, Torres SG, Davis JH, Ramsey JM, Villepique JT, Gonzales BJ. PSOROPTES INFESTATION AND TREATMENT IN AN ISOLATED POPULATION OF BIGHORN SHEEP (OVIS CANADENSIS). J Zoo Wildl Med 2015; 46:491-7. [PMID: 26352952 DOI: 10.1638/2014-0165.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors captured bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) comprising a small population in the San Bernardino Mountains of California and evaluated the degree of infestation by mites of the genus Psoroptes for each individual. The animals were treated with two novel methods: amitraz-impregnated collars and cyfluthrin-impregnated ear tags and recaptured the following year to evaluate the effect of treatment. The authors compared data on degree of infestation for animals recaptured in the posttreatment year, detected no significant interyear differences in infestation severity scores among animals treated with amitraz or cyfluthrin, and could not detect any differences between treatment types. However, a significant (P<0.10) decreased pattern in severity scores from the beginning to the end of treatments was detected, suggesting a cumulative therapeutic value in repeated annual treatments across the 3-yr period. Additionally, the authors detected a lower median mite severity score between 2000 and a later capture in 2006. These positive outcomes may be the result of previous treatments during 2000-2002, but environmental covariates not accounted for could have been contributing factors. Avermectin drugs with longer release profiles may be a more effective treatment option in this and other small bighorn sheep populations that are compromised with mite infestations.
Collapse
|
20
|
Puhl AA, Reinhart CJ, Injeyan HS. Diagnostic and treatment methods used by chiropractors: A random sample survey of Canada's English-speaking provinces. J Can Chiropr Assoc 2015; 59:279-287. [PMID: 26500362 PMCID: PMC4593039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is important to understand how chiropractors practice beyond their formal education. The objective of this analysis was to assess the diagnostic and treatment methods used by chiropractors in English-speaking Canadian provinces. METHODS A questionnaire was created that examined practice patterns amongst chiropractors. This was sent by mail to 749 chiropractors, randomly selected and stratified proportionally across the nine English-speaking Canadian provinces. Participation was voluntary and anonymous. Data were entered into an Excel spreadsheet, and descriptive statistics were calculated. RESULTS The response rate was 68.0%. Almost all (95.1%) of respondents reported performing differential diagnosis procedures with their new patients; most commonly orthopaedic testing, palpation, history taking, range of motion testing and neurological examination. Palpation and painful joint findings were the most commonly used methods to determine the appropriate joint to apply manipulation. The most common treatment methods were manual joint manipulation/mobilization, stretching and exercise, posture/ergonomic advice and soft-tissue therapies. CONCLUSIONS Differential diagnosis is a standard part of the assessment of new chiropractic patients in English-speaking Canadian provinces and the most common methods used to determine the site to apply manipulation are consistent with current scientific literature. Patients are treated with a combination of manual and/or manipulative interventions directed towards the joints and/or soft-tissues, as well as exercise instruction and postural/ergonomic advice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron A Puhl
- Private Practice; Able Body Health Clinic, Lethbridge, Alberta
| | | | - H Stephen Injeyan
- Chair, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Professor, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Toronto, ON, M2H 3J1
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Curro' D, Vuolo L, Gualandi F, Bacigalupo A, Roccatagliata L, Capello E, Uccelli A, Saccardi R, Sormani MP, Mancardi G. Low intensity lympho-ablative regimen followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in severe forms of multiple sclerosis: A MRI-based clinical study. Mult Scler 2015; 21:1423-30. [PMID: 25583838 DOI: 10.1177/1352458514564484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) has been successfully used to treat aggressive forms of multiple sclerosis (MS) that are unresponsive to approved therapies. In the last years, in view of the risk of mortality related to the procedure, the utilization of low-intensity conditioning regimens has been considered. OBJECTIVE To report magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinical data in a small cohort of patients treated with a low-intensity lympho-ablative regimen, followed by AHSCT. METHODS Seven patients affected by relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) underwent AHSCT, with cyclophosphamide 120 mg/kg in 2 days as the conditioning regimen; and were then followed with serial MRI evaluations until 36 months, with clinical evaluations until 60 months. RESULTS The mean number of gadolinium (Gd)-enhancing lesions significantly decreased after treatment, but a complete suppression of inflammatory activity was not obtained. No deaths occurred, but every patient developed adverse events, although not severe. After 5 years of follow-up, two patients remained stable, one patient markedly improved and four patients had a mild progression of the disease. Only one patient experienced a relapse after treatment. CONCLUSION A low-intensity conditioning regimen with AHSCT has a profound effect on MRI inflammation and relapses, but is not able to completely abrogate MRI activity and disease progression of aggressive RRMS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Curro'
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health; University of Genova; Italy
| | - Luisa Vuolo
- Careggi University Hospital, University of Firenze, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Bacigalupo
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, San Martino Hospital, Genova, Italy
| | - Luca Roccatagliata
- Department of Health Sciences and MRI Center for neurological diseases, University of Genova, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Capello
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health; University of Genova; Italy
| | - Antonio Uccelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health; University of Genova; Italy
| | | | | | - Gianluigi Mancardi
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health; University of Genova; Italy/Department of Health Sciences, University of Genova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Anyanechi CE, Saheeb BD. Complications of mandibular fracture: study of the treatment methods in calabar, Nigeria. W INDIAN MED J 2014; 63:349-53. [PMID: 25429480 PMCID: PMC4663938 DOI: 10.7727/wimj.2013.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The plethora of techniques available for the treatment of mandibular fractures suggests that there is controversy regarding their definitive outcome. The purpose of this study was to clinically study the complications associated with the different treatment methods of mandibular fractures at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital (UCTH), Nigeria. METHODS This was a three-year prospective study carried out at the Dental and Maxillofacial Clinic of the hospital. Patients who met the inclusion criteria had their data recorded in a proforma questionnaire. RESULTS Out of the 256 patients studied, 17.2% developed complications. Complications were commoner (70.5%) between ages 21 and 50 years. Thirty-five (79.5%) were males while nine (20.5%) were females with a male:female ratio of 4.9:1. Following treatment by closed reduction, conservative and open reduction, 16.6%, 17.2% and 20.7% had complications, respectively. Whereas occlusal derangement was the most common complication, numbness of the cheek and lower lip was recorded following all treatment methods. CONCLUSION Although the complications recorded in this patient population were managed during postoperative follow-up period, the methods of treatment available give good results, are cost-effective and patient compliance is good. This suggests that the older methods of treatment of mandibular fractures can still be used with reliability in contemporary dental practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C E Anyanechi
- Oral and Maxillofacial Unit, Department of Dental Surgery, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria.
| | - B D Saheeb
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Olszanecki R, Gawlik G. Pharmacotherapy of Ebola hemorrhagic fever: a brief review of current status and future perspectives. Folia Med Cracov 2014; 54:67-77. [PMID: 25694097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The 2014 outbreak clearly showed that Ebola viruses (EBOV) remain a substantial threat for public health. The mainstay of management of patients with Ebola disease is isolation of patients and use of strict barrier nursing procedures; the present treatment strategies are mainly symptomatic and supportive (fluid resuscitation, antypyretics, antidiarrheal drugs). Currently, there is no approved therapy for Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF), however several advanced treatment options were tested in animal models (on non-human primates or rodents). They include use of both symptomatic (e.g. use of tissue factor inhibitors - rhNAPc2, rhAPC - to abolish coagulopathy) and specific antiviral approaches: e.g. monoclonal anti EBOV antibodies (ZMapp, MB-003), phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMOs), liposomes containing siRNA (LNP-siRNA:TKM-Ebola) and small molecule inhibitors (e.g. BCX4430, favipiravir). The scope of this article is to briefly review the most promising therapeutics for EHF, based on the data coming from rare clinical reports, studies on animals and results from in vitro models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Olszanecki
- Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Meyers RJ, Roozen HG, Smith JE. The community reinforcement approach: an update of the evidence. Alcohol Res Health 2011; 33:380-8. [PMID: 23580022 PMCID: PMC3860533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The Community Reinforcement Approach (CRA), originally developed for individuals with alcohol use disorders, has been successfully employed to treat a variety of substance use disorders for more than 35 years. Based on operant conditioning, CRA helps people rearrange their lifestyles so that healthy, drug-free living becomes rewarding and thereby competes with alcohol and drug use. Consequently, practitioners encourage clients to become progressively involved in alternative non-substance-related pleasant social activities, and to work on enhancing the enjoyment they receive within the "community" of their family and job. Additionally, in the past 10-15 years, researchers have obtained scientific evidence for two off-shoots of CRA that are based on the same operant mechanism. The first variant is Adolescent Community Reinforcement Approach (A-CRA), which targets adolescents with substance use problems and their caregivers. The second approach, Community Reinforcement and Family Training (CRAFT), works through family members to engage treatment-refusing individuals into treatment. An overview of these treatments and their scientific backing is presented.
Collapse
|
25
|
Arias AJ, Kranzler HR. Treatment of co-occurring alcohol and other drug use disorders. Alcohol Res Health 2008; 31:155-67. [PMID: 23584817 PMCID: PMC3860460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Drug use disorders (DUDs) frequently co-occur with alcohol use disorders, affecting approximately 1.1 percent of the U.S. population. Compared with alcohol use disorders or DUDs alone, co-occurring disorders are associated with a greater severity of substance dependence; co-occurring psychiatric disorders also are common in this patient population. Many effective medications and behavioral treatments are available to treat alcohol dependence and drug dependence when these occur independent of one another. There is a paucity of research, however, specifically focused on the treatment of persons with co-occurring alcohol and other DUDs (AODUDs). The evidence to date on treating this patient population suggests that combining some of the behavioral and pharmacologic treatments that are effective in treating either drug or alcohol use disorders alone may be useful in the AODUD population as well.
Collapse
|