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Salama S, Mostafa HS, Husseiny S, Sebak M. Actinobacteria as Microbial Cell Factories and Biocatalysts in The Synthesis of Chiral Intermediates and Bioactive Molecules; Insights and Applications. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301205. [PMID: 38155095 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Actinobacteria are one of the most intriguing bacterial phyla in terms of chemical diversity and bioactivities of their reported biomolecules and natural products, including various types of chiral molecules. Actinobacterial genera such as Detzia, Mycobacterium, and Streptomyces are among the microbial sources targeted for selective reactions such as asymmetric biocatalysis catalyzed by whole cells or enzymes induced in their cell niche. Remarkably, stereoselective reactions catalyzed by actinobacterial whole cells or their enzymes include stereoselective oxidation, stereoselective reduction, kinetic resolution, asymmetric hydrolysis, and selective transamination, among others. Species of actinobacteria function with high chemo-, regio-, and enantio-selectivity under benign conditions, which could help current industrial processing. Numerous selective enzymes were either isolated from actinobacteria or expressed from actinobacteria in other microbes and hence exploited in the production of pure organic compounds difficult to obtain chemically. In addition, different species of actinobacteria, especially Streptomyces species, function as natural producers of chiral molecules of therapeutic importance. Herein, we discuss some of the most outstanding contributions of actinobacteria to asymmetric biocatalysis, which are important in the organic and/or pharmaceutical industries. In addition, we highlight the role of actinobacteria as microbial cell factories for chiral natural products with insights into their various biological potentialities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Salama
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, 62514, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Heba Sayed Mostafa
- Food Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, 12613, Giza, Egypt
| | - Samah Husseiny
- Biotechnology and Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, 62517, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Sebak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, 62514, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Thomson RES, D'Cunha SA, Hayes MA, Gillam EMJ. Use of engineered cytochromes P450 for accelerating drug discovery and development. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2022; 95:195-252. [PMID: 35953156 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Numerous steps in drug development, including the generation of authentic metabolites and late-stage functionalization of candidates, necessitate the modification of often complex molecules, such as natural products. While it can be challenging to make the required regio- and stereoselective alterations to a molecule using purely chemical catalysis, enzymes can introduce changes to complex molecules with a high degree of stereo- and regioselectivity. Cytochrome P450 enzymes are biocatalysts of unequalled versatility, capable of regio- and stereoselective functionalization of unactivated CH bonds by monooxygenation. Collectively they catalyze over 60 different biotransformations on structurally and functionally diverse organic molecules, including natural products, drugs, steroids, organic acids and other lipophilic molecules. This catalytic versatility and substrate range makes them likely candidates for application as potential biocatalysts for industrial chemistry. However, several aspects of the P450 catalytic cycle and other characteristics have limited their implementation to date in industry, including: their lability at elevated temperature, in the presence of solvents, and over lengthy incubation times; the typically low efficiency with which they metabolize non-natural substrates; and their lack of specificity for a single metabolic pathway. Protein engineering by rational design or directed evolution provides a way to engineer P450s for industrial use. Here we review the progress made to date toward engineering the properties of P450s, especially eukaryotic forms, for industrial application, and including the recent expansion of their catalytic repertoire to include non-natural reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raine E S Thomson
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Stephlina A D'Cunha
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Martin A Hayes
- Compound Synthesis and Management, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Elizabeth M J Gillam
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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Wang J, Woodley JM. In Situ Cofactor Regeneration Using NAD(P)H Oxidase: Enzyme Stability in a Bubble Column. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Wang
- Technical University of Denmark Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineerning Søltofts Plads Bygning 228A, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby 2800 2800 Kgs. Lyngby DENMARK
| | - John M. Woodley
- Technical University of Denmark Department of Chemical Engineering S�ltofts Plads DK-2800 Lyngby DENMARK
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Fessner ND, Grimm C, Srdič M, Weber H, Kroutil W, Schwaneberg U, Glieder A. Natural Product Diversification by One‐Step Biocatalysis using Human P450 3A4. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202101564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nico D. Fessner
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology NAWI Graz Graz University of Technology Petersgasse 14 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Christopher Grimm
- Institute of Chemistry NAWI Graz University of Graz Heinrichstraße 28 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Matic Srdič
- SeSaM-Biotech GmbH Forckenbeckstraße 50 52074 Aachen Germany
- Bisy GmbH Wuenschendorf 292 Hofstätten an der Raab 8200 Hofstaetten Austria
| | - Hansjörg Weber
- Institute of Organic Chemistry NAWI Graz Graz University of Technology Stremayrgasse 9 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Institute of Chemistry NAWI Graz University of Graz Heinrichstraße 28 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Ulrich Schwaneberg
- Institute of Biotechnology RWTH Aachen University Worringerweg 3 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Anton Glieder
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology NAWI Graz Graz University of Technology Petersgasse 14 8010 Graz Austria
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Ibrahim I, Khan N, Siddiqui M, Hassan Ajandouz E, Jabeen A, Mesmar J, Baydoun E, Iqbal Choudhary M. Biotransformation of contraceptive drug desogestrel with Cunninghamella elegans, and anti-inflammatory activity of its metabolites. Steroids 2020; 162:108694. [PMID: 32650000 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2020.108694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Biotransformation of an orally active contraceptive drug, desogestrel (1), with Cunninghamella elegans yielded a new metabolite, 13β-ethyl-11-methylene-18,19-dinor-17α-pregn-4-en-20-yn-17β-ol-3,6-dione (2), along with five known metabolites, i.e., 13β-ethyl-11-methylene-18,19-dinor-17α-pregn-4-en-20-yn-3β,6β,17β-triol (3), 13β-ethyl-11-methylene-18,19-dinor-17α-pregn-4-en-20-yn-6β,17β-diol-3-one (4), 13β-ethyl-11-methylene-18,19-dinor-17α-pregn-4-en-20-yn-17β-ol-3-one (5), 13β-ethyl-11-epoxy-18,19-dinor-17α-pregn-4-en-20-yn-17β-ol-3-one (6), and 13β-ethyl-11-methylene-18,19-dinor-17α-pregn-4-en-20-yn-10β,17β-diol-3-one (7). The structure of new metabolite 2 was elucidated by using 1H-, 13C-, and 2D-NMR, EI-, and HREI-MS, IR, and UV spectroscopic data. Compounds 1-7 were evaluated for anti-inflammatory activities, i.e., inhibition of T-cell proliferation, and pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α). Compounds 1 (IC50 = 1.12 ± 0.03 µg/mL), 2 (IC50 = 1.15 ± 0.05 µg/mL), 3 (IC50 = 1.15 ± 0.05 µg/mL), 4 (IC50 = 1.40 ± 0.03 µg/mL), 5 (IC50 = 1.78 ± 0.08 µg/mL), and 6 (IC50 = 1.36 ± 0.07 µg/mL) were identified as potent inhibitors of T-cells proliferation, in comparison to the standard drug, prednisolone (IC50 = 3.51 ± 0.03 µg/mL). Compound 7 (IC50 = 6.18 ± 0.04 µg/mL) showed a good activity. In addition, substrate 1 (IC50 ≤ 1 µg/mL), and its metabolites 2 (IC50 = 4.1 ± 0.60 µg/mL), and 6 (IC50 = 6.8 ± 0.8 µg/mL) also showed a potent inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α) production, as compared to the standards drug, pentoxifilline (IC50 = 94.8 ± 2.1 µg/mL). Whereas compounds 3 (IC50 = 57.9 ± 7.6 µg/mL), and 5 (IC50 = 27.2 ± 6.8 µg/mL) showed a moderate inhibition of TNF-α production, while compounds 4 and 7 showed no inhibition. Compounds 1-7 were found to be non-cytotoxic to 3T3 normal cell line (mouse fibroblast).
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Ibrahim
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; CNRS, Centrale Marseille iSm2, UMR 7313, Aix Marseille University, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Nisha Khan
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Mahwish Siddiqui
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - El Hassan Ajandouz
- CNRS, Centrale Marseille iSm2, UMR 7313, Aix Marseille University, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Almas Jabeen
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Joelle Mesmar
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Elias Baydoun
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon.
| | - M Iqbal Choudhary
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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Siddiqui M, Atia-tul-Wahab, Jabeen A, Wang Y, Wang W, Atta-ur-Rahman, Choudhary MI. Whole-cell fungal-mediated structural transformation of anabolic drug metenolone acetate into potent anti-inflammatory metabolites. J Adv Res 2020; 24:69-78. [PMID: 32195009 PMCID: PMC7076145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2020.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Seven new derivatives, 6α-hydroxy-1-methyl-3-oxo-5α-androst-1-en-17-yl acetate (2), 6α,17β-dihydroxy-1-methyl-3-oxo-5α-androst-1-en (3), 7β-hydroxy-1-methyl-3-oxo-5α-androst-1-en-17-yl acetate (4), 15β,20-dihydroxy-1-methyl-3-oxo-5α-androst-1-en-17-yl acetate (5), 15β-hydroxy-1-methyl-3-oxo-5α-androst-1-en-17-yl acetate (6), 12β,17β-dihydroxy-1-methyl-3-oxoandrosta-1,4-dien (11), and 7β,15β,17β-trihydroxy-1-methyl-3-oxo-5α-androst-1-en (14), along with six known metabolites, 17β-hydroxy-1-methyl-3-oxoandrosta-1,4-dien (7), 17β-hydroxy-1-methyl-3-oxo-5α-androst-1-en (8), 17β-hydroxy-1-methyl-3-oxo-5β-androst-1-en (9), 1-methyl-5β-androst-1-en-3,17-dione (10), 1-methyl-3-oxoandrosta-1,4-dien-3,17-dione (12), and 17β-hydroxy-1α-methyl-5α-androstan-3-one (13) of metenolone acetate (1), were synthesized through whole-cell biocatalysis with Rhizopus stolonifer, Aspergillus alliaceous, Fusarium lini, and Cunninghamella elegans. Atamestane (12), an aromatase inhibitor, was synthesized for the first time via F. lini-mediated transformation of 1 as the major product. Hydroxylation, dehydrogenation, and reduction were occurred during biocatalysis. Study indicated that F. lini was able to catalyze dehydrogenation reactions selectively. Structures of compounds 1-14 were determined through NMR, HRFAB-MS, and IR spectroscopic data. Compounds 1-14 were identified as non-cytotoxic against BJ human fibroblast cell line (ATCC CRL-2522). Metabolite 5 (81.0 ± 2.5%) showed a potent activity against TNF-α production, as compared to the substrate 1 (62.5 ± 4.4%). Metabolites 2 (73.4 ± 0.6%), 8 (69.7 ± 1.4%), 10 (73.2 ± 0.3%), 11 (60.1 ± 3.3%), and 12 (71.0 ± 7.2%), also showed a good inhibition of TNF-α production. Compounds 3 (IC50 = 4.4 ± 0.01 µg/mL), and 5 (IC50 = 10.2 ± 0.01 µg/mL) showed a significant activity against T-cell proliferation. Identification of selective inhibitors of TNF-α production, and T-cell proliferation is a step forward towards the development of anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahwish Siddiqui
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Atia-tul-Wahab
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Almas Jabeen
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Yan Wang
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, People’s Republic of China
| | - Atta-ur-Rahman
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - M. Iqbal Choudhary
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Komplek Campus C, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
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Babot ED, Aranda C, Del Rı O JC, Ullrich R, Kiebist J, Scheibner K, Hofrichter M, Martı Nez AT, Gutiérrez A. Selective Oxygenation of Ionones and Damascones by Fungal Peroxygenases. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:5375-5383. [PMID: 32292026 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Apocarotenoids are among the most highly valued fragrance constituents, being also appreciated as synthetic building blocks. This work shows the ability of unspecific peroxygenases (UPOs, EC1.11.2.1) from several fungi, some of them being described recently, to catalyze the oxyfunctionalization of α- and β-ionones and α- and β-damascones. Enzymatic reactions yielded oxygenated products such as hydroxy, oxo, carboxy, and epoxy derivatives that are interesting compounds for the flavor and fragrance and pharmaceutical industries. Although variable regioselectivity was observed depending on the substrate and enzyme, oxygenation was preferentially produced at the allylic position in the ring, being especially evident in the reaction with α-ionone, forming 3-hydroxy-α-ionone and/or 3-oxo-α-ionone. Noteworthy were the reactions with damascones, in the course of which some UPOs oxygenated the terminal position of the side chain, forming oxygenated derivatives (i.e., the corresponding alcohol, aldehyde, and carboxylic acid) at C-10, which were predominant in the Agrocybe aegerita UPO reactions, and first reported here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban D Babot
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologı́a de Sevilla, CSIC, Av. Reina Mercedes 10, E-41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Carmen Aranda
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologı́a de Sevilla, CSIC, Av. Reina Mercedes 10, E-41012 Seville, Spain
| | - José C Del Rı O
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologı́a de Sevilla, CSIC, Av. Reina Mercedes 10, E-41012 Seville, Spain
| | - René Ullrich
- Department of Bio- and Environmental Sciences, TU Dresden, International Institute Zittau, Markt 23, 02763 Zittau, Germany
| | - Jan Kiebist
- JenaBios GmbH, Löbstedter Str. 80, 07749 Jena, Germany
| | | | - Martin Hofrichter
- Department of Bio- and Environmental Sciences, TU Dresden, International Institute Zittau, Markt 23, 02763 Zittau, Germany
| | - Angel T Martı Nez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologı́a de Sevilla, CSIC, Av. Reina Mercedes 10, E-41012 Seville, Spain
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Watanabe Y, Aiba Y, Ariyasu S, Abe S. Molecular Design and Regulation of Metalloenzyme Activities through Two Novel Approaches: Ferritin and P450s. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20190305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihito Watanabe
- Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Aiba
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Shinya Ariyasu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Satoshi Abe
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuda-cho, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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Rousseau O, Ebert MCCJC, Quaglia D, Fendri A, Parisien AH, Besna JN, Iyathurai S, Pelletier JN. Indigo Formation and Rapid NADPH Consumption Provide Robust Prediction of Raspberry Ketone Synthesis by Engineered Cytochrome P450 BM3. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201901974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Rousseau
- Department of ChemistryUniversité de Montréal 2900 Édouard-Montpetit Montréal QC H3T 1J4 Canada
- Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis (CGCC)Université de Montréal 2900 Édouard-Montpetit Montréal QC H3T 1J4 Canada
- PROTEOThe Québec Network for Research on Protein Function Engineering and Applications Québec QC−G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Maximilian C. C. J. C. Ebert
- Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis (CGCC)Université de Montréal 2900 Édouard-Montpetit Montréal QC H3T 1J4 Canada
- PROTEOThe Québec Network for Research on Protein Function Engineering and Applications Québec QC−G1V 0A6 Canada
- Department of BiochemistryUniversité de Montréal 2900 Édouard-Montpetit Montréal QC H3T 1J4 Canada
| | - Daniela Quaglia
- Department of ChemistryUniversité de Montréal 2900 Édouard-Montpetit Montréal QC H3T 1J4 Canada
- Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis (CGCC)Université de Montréal 2900 Édouard-Montpetit Montréal QC H3T 1J4 Canada
- PROTEOThe Québec Network for Research on Protein Function Engineering and Applications Québec QC−G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Ali Fendri
- Department of ChemistryUniversité de Montréal 2900 Édouard-Montpetit Montréal QC H3T 1J4 Canada
- Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis (CGCC)Université de Montréal 2900 Édouard-Montpetit Montréal QC H3T 1J4 Canada
- PROTEOThe Québec Network for Research on Protein Function Engineering and Applications Québec QC−G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Adem H. Parisien
- Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis (CGCC)Université de Montréal 2900 Édouard-Montpetit Montréal QC H3T 1J4 Canada
- PROTEOThe Québec Network for Research on Protein Function Engineering and Applications Québec QC−G1V 0A6 Canada
- Department of BiochemistryUniversité de Montréal 2900 Édouard-Montpetit Montréal QC H3T 1J4 Canada
| | - Jonathan N. Besna
- Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis (CGCC)Université de Montréal 2900 Édouard-Montpetit Montréal QC H3T 1J4 Canada
- PROTEOThe Québec Network for Research on Protein Function Engineering and Applications Québec QC−G1V 0A6 Canada
- Department of BiochemistryUniversité de Montréal 2900 Édouard-Montpetit Montréal QC H3T 1J4 Canada
| | - Saathanan Iyathurai
- Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis (CGCC)Université de Montréal 2900 Édouard-Montpetit Montréal QC H3T 1J4 Canada
- PROTEOThe Québec Network for Research on Protein Function Engineering and Applications Québec QC−G1V 0A6 Canada
- Department of BiochemistryUniversité de Montréal 2900 Édouard-Montpetit Montréal QC H3T 1J4 Canada
| | - Joelle N. Pelletier
- Department of ChemistryUniversité de Montréal 2900 Édouard-Montpetit Montréal QC H3T 1J4 Canada
- Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis (CGCC)Université de Montréal 2900 Édouard-Montpetit Montréal QC H3T 1J4 Canada
- PROTEOThe Québec Network for Research on Protein Function Engineering and Applications Québec QC−G1V 0A6 Canada
- Department of BiochemistryUniversité de Montréal 2900 Édouard-Montpetit Montréal QC H3T 1J4 Canada
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Biocatalysis as Useful Tool in Asymmetric Synthesis: An Assessment of Recently Granted Patents (2014–2019). Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9100802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The broad interdisciplinary nature of biocatalysis fosters innovation, as different technical fields are interconnected and synergized. A way to depict that innovation is by conducting a survey on patent activities. This paper analyses the intellectual property activities of the last five years (2014–2019) with a specific focus on biocatalysis applied to asymmetric synthesis. Furthermore, to reflect the inventive and innovative steps, only patents that were granted during that period are considered. Patent searches using several keywords (e.g., enzyme names) have been conducted by using several patent engine servers (e.g., Espacenet, SciFinder, Google Patents), with focus on granted patents during the period 2014–2019. Around 200 granted patents have been identified, covering all enzyme types. The inventive pattern focuses on the protection of novel protein sequences, as well as on new substrates. In some other cases, combined processes, multi-step enzymatic reactions, as well as process conditions are the innovative basis. Both industries and academic groups are active in patenting. As a conclusion of this survey, we can assert that biocatalysis is increasingly recognized as a useful tool for asymmetric synthesis and being considered as an innovative option to build IP and protect synthetic routes.
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Abstract
A set of dual functional small molecules (DFSMs) containing different amino acids has been synthesized and employed together with three different variants of the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase P450BM3 from Bacillus megaterium in H2O2-dependent oxidation reactions. These DFSMs enhance P450BM3 activity with hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant, converting these enzymes into formal peroxygenases. This system has been employed for the catalytic epoxidation of styrene and in the sulfoxidation of thioanisole. Various P450BM3 variants have been evaluated in terms of activity and selectivity of the peroxygenase reactions.
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Shoji O, Aiba Y, Watanabe Y. Hoodwinking Cytochrome P450BM3 into Hydroxylating Non-Native Substrates by Exploiting Its Substrate Misrecognition. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:925-934. [PMID: 30888147 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial cytochrome P450s (P450s) are at the focus of attention as potential biocatalysts for applications in green synthetic chemistry, as they possess high activity for the hydroxylation of inert substrate C-H bonds. The high activity of bacterial P450s, such as P450BM3, is chiefly due to their high substrate specificity, and consequently, the catalytic activity of P450BM3 toward non-native substrates is very low, limiting the utility of bacterial P450s as biocatalysts. To enable oxidation of non-native substrates by P450BM3 without any mutagenesis, we have developed a series of "decoy molecules", inert dummy substrates, with structures that resemble those of the native substrates. Decoy molecules fool P450BM3 into generating the active species, so-called Compound I, enabling the catalytic oxidation of non-native substrates other than fatty acids. Perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCs) serve as decoy molecules to initiate the activation of molecular oxygen in the same manner as long-alkyl-chain fatty acids, due to their structural similarity, and induce the generation of Compound I, but, unlike the native substrates, PFCs are not oxidizable by Compound I, allowing the hydroxylation of non-native substrates, such as gaseous alkanes and benzene. The catalytic activity for non-native substrate hydroxylation was significantly enhanced by employing second generation decoy molecules, PFCs modified with amino acids (PFC-amino acids). Cocrystals of P450BM3 with PFC9-Trp revealed clear electron density in the fatty-acid-binding channel that was readily assigned to PFC9-Trp. The alkyl chain terminus of PFC9-Trp does not reach the active site owing to multiple hydrogen bonding interactions between the carboxyl and carbonyl groups of PFC9-Trp and amino acids located at the entrance of the substrate binding channel of P450BM3 that fix it in place. The remaining space above the heme after binding of PFC9-Trp can be utilized to accommodate non-native substrates. Further developments revealed that third generation decoy molecules, N-acyl amino acids, such as pelargonoyl-l-phenylalanine (C9-Phe), can serve as decoy molecules, indicating that the rationale "fluorination is required for decoy molecule function" can be safely discarded. Diverse carboxylic acids including dipeptides could now be exploited as building blocks, and a library of decoy molecules possessing diverse structures was prepared. Among the third-generation decoy molecules examined N-enanthyl-l-proline modified with l-phenylalanine (C7-Pro-Phe) afforded the maximum turnover rate for benzene hydroxylation. The structural diversity of third-generation decoy molecules was also utilized to control the stereoselectivity of hydroxylation for the benzylic hydroxylation of Indane, showing that decoy molecules can alter stereoselectivity. As both the catalytic activity and enantioselectivity are dependent upon the structure of the decoy molecules, their design allows us to regulate reactions catalyzed by wild-type enzymes. Furthermore, decoy molecules can also activate intracellular P450BM3, allowing the use of E. coli expressing wild-type P450BM3 as an efficient whole-cell bioreactor. It should be noted that Mn-substituted full-length P450BM3 (Mn-P450BM3) is also active for the hydroxylation of propane in which the regioselectivity diverged from that of Fe-P450BM3. The results summarized in this Account represent good examples of how the reactive properties of P450BM3 can be controlled for the monooxygenation of non-native substrates in vitro as well as in vivo to expand the potential of P450BM3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osami Shoji
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, 5 Sanbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Aiba
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Watanabe
- Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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13
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Schmitz D, Janocha S, Kiss FM, Bernhardt R. CYP106A2-A versatile biocatalyst with high potential for biotechnological production of selectively hydroxylated steroid and terpenoid compounds. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2017; 1866:11-22. [PMID: 28780179 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CYP106A2 from Bacillus megaterium ATCC13368, was identified in the 1970s as one of the first bacterial steroid hydroxylases responsible for the conversion of progesterone to 15β-hydroxyprogesterone. Later on it has been proven to be a potent hydroxylase of numerous 3-oxo-Δ4 as well as 3-hydroxy-Δ5-steroids and has recently also been characterized as a regioselective allylic bacterial diterpene hydroxylase. The main hydroxylation position of CYP106A2 is thought to be influenced by the functional groups at C3 position in the steroid core leading to a favored 15β-hydroxylation of 3-oxo-Δ4-steroids and 7β-hydroxylation of 3-hydroxy-Δ5-steroids. However, in some cases the hydroxylation is not strictly selective, resulting in the formation of undesired side-products. To overcome the unspecific hydroxylations or, on the contrary, to gain more of these products in case they are of industrial interest, rational protein design and directed evolution have been successfully performed to shift the stereoselectivity of hydroxylation by CYP106A2. The subsequently obtained hydroxylated steroid and terpene derivatives are especially useful as drug metabolites and drug precursors for the pharmaceutical industry, due to their diverse biological properties and hardship of their chemical synthesis. As a soluble prokaryotic P450 with broad substrate spectrum and hydroxylating capacity, CYP106A2 is an outstanding candidate to establish bioconversion processes. It has been expressed with respectable yields in Escherichia coli and Bacillus megaterium and was applied for the preparative hydroxylation of several steroids and terpenes. Recently, the application of the enzyme was assessed under process conditions as well, depicting a successfully optimized process development and getting us closer to industrial scale process requirements and a future large scale application. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Cytochrome P450 biodiversity and biotechnology, edited by Erika Plettner, Gianfranco Gilardi, Luet Wong, Vlada Urlacher, Jared Goldstone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Schmitz
- Department of Biochemistry, Saarland University, Campus B2.2, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Simon Janocha
- Department of Biochemistry, Saarland University, Campus B2.2, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Flora Marta Kiss
- Department of Biochemistry, Saarland University, Campus B2.2, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Rita Bernhardt
- Department of Biochemistry, Saarland University, Campus B2.2, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany.
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14
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Tavanti M, Parmeggiani F, Castellanos JRG, Mattevi A, Turner NJ. One-Pot Biocatalytic Double Oxidation of α-Isophorone for the Synthesis of Ketoisophorone. ChemCatChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201700620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Tavanti
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB); School of Chemistry; The University of Manchester; 131 Princess Street M1 7DN Manchester United Kingdom
| | - Fabio Parmeggiani
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB); School of Chemistry; The University of Manchester; 131 Princess Street M1 7DN Manchester United Kingdom
| | - J. Rubén Gómez Castellanos
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”; University of Pavia; Via Ferrata 9 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Andrea Mattevi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”; University of Pavia; Via Ferrata 9 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Nicholas J. Turner
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB); School of Chemistry; The University of Manchester; 131 Princess Street M1 7DN Manchester United Kingdom
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15
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Draft Genome Sequences of Three Actinobacteria Strains Presenting New Candidate Organisms with High Potentials for Specific P450 Cytochromes. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2017; 5:5/28/e00532-17. [PMID: 28705965 PMCID: PMC5511904 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00532-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The three Actinobacteria strains Streptomyces platensis DSM 40041, Pseudonocardia autotrophica DSM 535, and Streptomyces fradiae DSM 40063 were described to selectively oxyfunctionalize several drugs. Here, we present their draft genomes to unravel their gene sets encoding promising cytochrome P450 monooxygenases associated with the generation of drug metabolites.
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16
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Shoji O, Watanabe Y. Monooxygenation of Nonnative Substrates Catalyzed by Bacterial Cytochrome P450s Facilitated by Decoy Molecules. CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.160963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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17
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Nguyen QT, de Gonzalo G, Binda C, Rioz-Martínez A, Mattevi A, Fraaije MW. Biocatalytic Properties and Structural Analysis of Eugenol Oxidase from Rhodococcus jostii RHA1: A Versatile Oxidative Biocatalyst. Chembiochem 2016; 17:1359-66. [PMID: 27123962 PMCID: PMC5089669 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Eugenol oxidase (EUGO) from Rhodococcus jostii RHA1 had previously been shown to convert only a limited set of phenolic compounds. In this study, we have explored the biocatalytic potential of this flavoprotein oxidase, resulting in a broadened substrate scope and a deeper insight into its structural properties. In addition to the oxidation of vanillyl alcohol and the hydroxylation of eugenol, EUGO can efficiently catalyze the dehydrogenation of various phenolic ketones and the selective oxidation of a racemic secondary alcohol-4-(1-hydroxyethyl)-2-methoxyphenol. EUGO was also found to perform the kinetic resolution of a racemic secondary alcohol. Crystal structures of the enzyme in complexes with isoeugenol, coniferyl alcohol, vanillin, and benzoate have been determined. The catalytic center is a remarkable solvent-inaccessible cavity on the si side of the flavin cofactor. Structural comparison with vanillyl alcohol oxidase from Penicillium simplicissimum highlights a few localized changes that correlate with the selectivity of EUGO for phenolic substrates bearing relatively small p-substituents while tolerating o-methoxy substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quoc-Thai Nguyen
- Molecular Enzymology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and, Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, NL
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 1, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gonzalo de Gonzalo
- Departmento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Sevilla, c/Profesor García González 1, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Claudia Binda
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 1, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ana Rioz-Martínez
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, NL
| | - Andrea Mattevi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 1, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Marco W Fraaije
- Molecular Enzymology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and, Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, NL.
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18
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Brummund J, Müller M, Schmitges T, Kaluzna I, Mink D, Hilterhaus L, Liese A. Process development for oxidations of hydrophobic compounds applying cytochrome P450 monooxygenases in-vitro. J Biotechnol 2016; 233:143-50. [PMID: 27396939 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases are a unique family of enzymes that are able to catalyze regio- and stereospecific oxidations for a broad substrate range. However, due to limited enzyme activities and stabilities, hydrophobicity of substrates, as well as the necessity of a continuous electron and oxygen supply the implementation of P450s for industrial processes remains challenging. Aim of this study was to point out key aspects for the development of an efficient synthesis concept for cytochrome P450 catalyzed oxidations. In order to regenerate the natural cofactor NADPH, a glucose dehydrogenase was applied. The low water soluble terpene α-ionone was used as substrate for the model reaction system. The studies reveal that an addition of surfactants in combination with low volumetric amounts of co-solvent can significantly increase substrate availability and reaction rates. Furthermore, these additives facilitated a reliable sampling procedure during the process. Another key factor for the process design was the oxygen supply. Based on various investigations, a bubble-aerated stirred tank reactor in batch mode represents a promising reactor concept for P450 oxidations. Main restriction of the investigated reaction system was the low process stability of the P450 monooxygenase, characterized by maximum total turnover numbers of ∼4100molα-ionone/molP450.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Brummund
- Hamburg University of Technology, Institute of Technical Biocatalysis, Denickestr. 15, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Monika Müller
- DSM Chemical Technology R&D B.V., Urmonderbaan 22, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Schmitges
- DSM Chemical Technology R&D B.V., Urmonderbaan 22, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Iwona Kaluzna
- DSM Chemical Technology R&D B.V., Urmonderbaan 22, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Mink
- DSM Chemical Technology R&D B.V., Urmonderbaan 22, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Lutz Hilterhaus
- Hamburg University of Technology, Institute of Technical Biocatalysis, Denickestr. 15, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Liese
- Hamburg University of Technology, Institute of Technical Biocatalysis, Denickestr. 15, 21073 Hamburg, Germany.
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19
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Biggs BW, Rouck JE, Kambalyal A, Arnold W, Lim CG, De Mey M, O’Neil-Johnson M, Starks CM, Das A, Ajikumar PK. Orthogonal Assays Clarify the Oxidative Biochemistry of Taxol P450 CYP725A4. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:1445-51. [PMID: 26930136 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.5b00968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Natural product metabolic engineering potentially offers sustainable and affordable access to numerous valuable molecules. However, challenges in characterizing and assembling complex biosynthetic pathways have prevented more rapid progress in this field. The anticancer agent Taxol represents an excellent case study. Assembly of a biosynthetic pathway for Taxol has long been stalled at its first functionalization, putatively an oxygenation performed by the cytochrome P450 CYP725A4, due to confounding characterizations. Here, through combined in vivo (Escherichia coli), in vitro (lipid nanodisc), and metabolite stability assays, we verify the presence and likely cause of this enzyme's inherent promiscuity. Thereby, we remove the possibility that promiscuity simply existed as an artifact of previous metabolic engineering approaches. Further, spontaneous rearrangement and the stabilizing effect of a hydrophobic overlay suggest a potential role for nonenzymatic chemistry in Taxol's biosynthesis. Taken together, this work confirms taxadiene-5α-ol as a primary enzymatic product of CYP725A4 and provides direction for future Taxol metabolic and protein engineering efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley Walters Biggs
- Manus Biosynthesis, 1030 Massachusetts
Avenue, Suite 300, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering (Masters in Biotechnology Program), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - John Edward Rouck
- Department
of Comparative Biosciences, Department of Biochemistry, Department
of Bioengineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Amogh Kambalyal
- Department
of Comparative Biosciences, Department of Biochemistry, Department
of Bioengineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - William Arnold
- Department
of Comparative Biosciences, Department of Biochemistry, Department
of Bioengineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Chin Giaw Lim
- Manus Biosynthesis, 1030 Massachusetts
Avenue, Suite 300, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Marjan De Mey
- Manus Biosynthesis, 1030 Massachusetts
Avenue, Suite 300, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Centre
for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Ghent University, Coupure
Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mark O’Neil-Johnson
- Sequoia Sciences, 1912 Innerbelt
Business Center Dr., Saint Louis, Missouri 63114, United States
| | - Courtney M. Starks
- Sequoia Sciences, 1912 Innerbelt
Business Center Dr., Saint Louis, Missouri 63114, United States
| | - Aditi Das
- Department
of Comparative Biosciences, Department of Biochemistry, Department
of Bioengineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Parayil Kumaran Ajikumar
- Manus Biosynthesis, 1030 Massachusetts
Avenue, Suite 300, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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20
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Neveselý T, Svobodová E, Chudoba J, Sikorski M, Cibulka R. Efficient Metal-Free Aerobic Photooxidation of Sulfides to Sulfoxides Mediated by a Vitamin B2Derivative and Visible Light. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201501123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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21
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Holec C, Neufeld K, Pietruszka J. P450 BM3 Monooxygenase as an Efficient NAD(P)H-Oxidase for Regeneration of Nicotinamide Cofactors in ADH-Catalysed Preparative Scale Biotransformations. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201600241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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22
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Kelly PP, Eichler A, Herter S, Kranz DC, Turner NJ, Flitsch SL. Active site diversification of P450cam with indole generates catalysts for benzylic oxidation reactions. Beilstein J Org Chem 2015; 11:1713-1720. [PMID: 26664590 PMCID: PMC4660908 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.11.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases are useful biocatalysts for C-H activation, and there is a need to expand the range of these enzymes beyond what is naturally available. A panel of 93 variants of active self-sufficient P450cam[Tyr96Phe]-RhFRed fusion enzymes with a broad diversity in active site amino acids was developed by screening a large mutant library of 16,500 clones using a simple, highly sensitive colony-based colorimetric screen against indole. These mutants showed distinct fingerprints of activity not only when screened in oxidations of substituted indoles but also for unrelated oxidations such as benzylic hydroxylations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul P Kelly
- School of Chemistry & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, M1 7DN, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Anja Eichler
- School of Chemistry & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, M1 7DN, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Susanne Herter
- School of Chemistry & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, M1 7DN, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - David C Kranz
- School of Chemistry & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, M1 7DN, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J Turner
- School of Chemistry & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, M1 7DN, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sabine L Flitsch
- School of Chemistry & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, M1 7DN, Manchester, United Kingdom
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23
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Bovine serum albumin triggered waste-free aerobic oxidative coupling of thiols into disulphides on water: An extended synthesis of bioactive dithiobis(phenylene)bis(benzylideneimine) via sequential oxidative coupling–condensation reactions in one pot from aminothiophenol and benzaldehyde. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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24
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Guidelines for development and implementation of biocatalytic P450 processes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:2465-83. [PMID: 25652652 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6403-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Biocatalytic reactions performed by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases are interesting in pharmaceutical research since they are involved in human drug metabolism. Furthermore, they are potentially interesting as biocatalysts for synthetic chemistry because of the exquisite selectivity of the chemistry they undertake. For example, selective hydroxylation can be undertaken on a highly functionalized molecule without the need for functional group protection. Recent progress in the discovery of novel P450s as well as protein engineering of these enzymes strongly encourages further development of their application, including use in synthetic processes. The biological characteristics of P450s (e.g., cofactor dependence) motivate the use of whole-cell systems for synthetic processes, and those processes implemented in industry are so far dominated by growing cells and native host systems. However, for an economically feasible process, the expression of P450 systems in a heterologous host with sufficient biocatalyst yield (g/g cdw) for non-growing systems or space-time yield (g/L/h) for growing systems remains a major challenge. This review summarizes the opportunities to improve P450 whole-cell processes and strategies in order to apply and implement them in industrial processes, both from a biological and process perspective. Indeed, a combined approach of host selection and cell engineering, integrated with process engineering, is suggested as the most effective route to implementation.
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25
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Schulz S, Girhard M, Gaßmeyer SK, Jäger VD, Schwarze D, Vogel A, Urlacher VB. Selective Enzymatic Synthesis of the Grapefruit Flavor (+)-Nootkatone. ChemCatChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201402952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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26
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Cibulka R. Artificial Flavin Systems for Chemoselective and Stereoselective Oxidations. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201403275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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27
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Regio- and stereoselective hydroxylation of 10-undecenoic acid with a light-driven P450 BM3 biocatalyst yielding a valuable synthon for natural product synthesis. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:5687-91. [PMID: 24938497 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We report herein the selective hydroxylation of 10-undecenoic acid with a light-activated hybrid P450 BM3 enzyme. Under previously developed photocatalytic reaction conditions, only a monohydroxylated product is detected by gas chromatography. Hydroxylation occurs exclusively at the allylic position as confirmed from a synthesized authentic standard. Investigation into the stereochemistry of the reaction indicates that the R enantiomer is obtained in 85% ee. The (R)-9-hydroxy-10-undecenoic acid obtained enzymatically is a valuable synthon en route to various natural products further expanding the light-activated P450 BM3 biocatalysis and highlighting the advantages over traditional methods.
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28
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Shoji O, Watanabe Y. Peroxygenase reactions catalyzed by cytochromes P450. J Biol Inorg Chem 2014; 19:529-39. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-014-1106-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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29
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Winn M, Casey E, Habimana O, Murphy CD. Characteristics ofStreptomyces griseusbiofilms in continuous flow tubular reactors. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2014; 352:157-64. [DOI: 10.1111/1574-6968.12378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Winn
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science; University College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
| | - Eoin Casey
- UCD School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering; University College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
| | - Olivier Habimana
- UCD School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering; University College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
| | - Cormac D. Murphy
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science; University College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
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30
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Abdellaoui S, Bekhouche M, Noiriel A, Henkens R, Bonaventura C, Blum LJ, Doumèche B. Rapid electrochemical screening of NAD-dependent dehydrogenases in a 96-well format. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:5781-3. [PMID: 23689734 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc42065e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The electrochemical detection of dehydrogenase activity in crude cell lysates is performed simultaneously using 96 carbon electrodes modified with electrografted phenazines. The method is applied to the screening of a library of formate dehydrogenase mutants obtained by directed evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofiène Abdellaoui
- GEMBAS, ICBMS UMR 5246, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA Lyon, CPE Lyon, 43 bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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31
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Woodley JM. Protein engineering of enzymes for process applications. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2013; 17:310-6. [PMID: 23562542 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Scientific progress in the field of enzyme modification today enables the opportunity to tune a given biocatalyst for a specific industrial application. Much work has been focused on extending the substrate repertoire and altering selectivity. Nevertheless, it is clear that many new forthcoming opportunities will be targeted on modification to enable process application. This article discusses the challenges involved in enzyme modification focused on process requirements, such as the need to fulfill reaction thermodynamics, specific activity under the required conditions, kinetics at required concentrations, and stability. Finally, future research directions are discussed, including the integration of biocatalysis with neighboring chemical steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Woodley
- Center for Process Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
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