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Liu S, Gao PF, Li S, Fu H, Wang L, Dai Y, Fu M. A review of the recent progress in biotrickling filters: packing materials, gases, micro-organisms, and CFD. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:125398-125416. [PMID: 38012483 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31004-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Organic pollutants in the air have serious consequences on both human health and the environment. Among the various methods for removing organic pollution gas, biotrickling filters (BTFs) are becoming more and more popular due to their cost-effective advantages. BTF can effectively degrade organic pollutants without producing secondary pollutants. In the current research on the removal of organic pollutants by BTF, improving the performance of BTF has always been a research hotspot. Researchers have conducted studies from different aspects to improve the removal performance of BTF for organic pollutants. Including research on the performance of BTF using different packing materials, research on the removal of various mixed pollutant gases by BTF, research on microbial communities in BTF, and other studies that can improve the performance of BTF. Moreover, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was introduced to study the microscopic process of BTF removal of organic pollutants. CFD is a simulation tool widely used in aerospace, automotive, and industrial production. In the study of BTF removal of organic pollutants, CFD can simulate the fluid movement, mass transfer process, and biodegradation process in BTF in a visual way. This review will summarize the development of BTFs from four aspects: packing materials, mixed gases, micro-organisms, and CFD, in order to provide a reference and direction for the future optimization of BTFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaihao Liu
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, 361024, China
| | - Pan-Feng Gao
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, 361024, China.
| | - Shubiao Li
- Xiamen Lian Chuang Dar Technology Co., Ltd., Xiamen, 361000, China
| | - Haiyan Fu
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, 361024, China
| | - Liyong Wang
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, 361024, China
| | - Yuan Dai
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, 361024, China
| | - Muxing Fu
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, 361024, China
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Deaton KE, López de León LR, Pascual S, Deshusses MA. Critical Assessment of Gassing-In Methods to Determine Mass Transfer Coefficient in Miniature and Microbioreactors with Gas-Liquid Flow. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Xie L, Zhu J, Hu J, Jiang C. Study of the Mass Transfer–Biodegradation Kinetics in a Pilot-Scale Biotrickling Filter for the Removal of H 2S. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c00672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Le Xie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Utilization of Manganese Resources, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Jundong Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Utilization of Manganese Resources, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Jiang Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Utilization of Manganese Resources, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Chongwen Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Utilization of Manganese Resources, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
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Moreno-Casas PA, Scott F, Delpiano J, Abell JA, Caicedo F, Muñoz R, Vergara-Fernández A. Mechanistic Description of Convective Gas-Liquid Mass Transfer in Biotrickling Filters Using CFD Modeling. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:419-426. [PMID: 31789508 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b02662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The gas-liquid mass transfer coefficient is a key parameter to the design and operation of biotrickling filters that governs the transport rate of contaminants and oxygen from the gas phase to the liquid phase, where pollutant biodegradation occurs. Mass transfer coefficients are typically estimated via experimental procedures to produce empirical correlations, which are only valid for the bioreactor configuration and range of operational conditions under investigation. In this work, a new method for the estimation of the gas-liquid mass transfer coefficient in biotrickling filters is presented. This novel methodology couples a realistic description of the packing media (polyurethane foam without a biofilm) obtained using microtomography with computational fluid dynamics. The two-dimensional analysis reported in this study allowed capturing the mechanisms of the complex processes involved in the creeping porous air and water flow in the presence of capillary effects in biotrickling filters. Model predictions matched the experimental mass transfer coefficients (±30%) under a wide range of operational conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio A Moreno-Casas
- Green Technology Research Group, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile
| | - Felipe Scott
- Green Technology Research Group, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile
| | - José Delpiano
- Green Technology Research Group, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile
| | - José A Abell
- Green Technology Research Group, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile
| | - Francisco Caicedo
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Mariana, San Juan de Pasto 520002, Colombia
| | - Raúl Muñoz
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid 47005, Spain
| | - Alberto Vergara-Fernández
- Green Technology Research Group, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile
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Parnian P, Zamir SM, Shojaosadati SA. Effect of operating temperature on styrene mass transfer characteristics in a biotrickling filter. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2017; 38:1324-1332. [PMID: 27586791 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2016.1226960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
To study the effect of operating temperature on styrene mass transfer from gas to liquid phase in biotrickling filters (BTFs), overall mass transfer coefficient (KL a) was calculated through fitting test data to a general mass balance model under abiotic conditions. Styrene was used as the volatile organic compound and the BTF was packed with a mixture of pall rings and pumice. Operating temperature was set at 30°C and 50°C for mesophilic and thermophilic conditions, respectively. KL a values increased from 54 to 70 h-1 at 30°C and from 60 to 90 h-1 at 50°C, respectively, depending on the countercurrent gas to liquid flow ratio that varied in the range of 7.5-32. Evaluation of styrene mass transfer capacity (MTC) showed that liquid-phase mass transfer resistance decreased as the flow ratio increased at constant temperature. MTC also decreased with an increase in operating temperature. Both gas-liquid partition coefficient and KL a increased with increasing temperature; however the effect on gas-liquid partition coefficient was more significant and served to increase mass transfer limitations. Thermophilic biofiltration on the one hand increases mass transfer limitations, but on the other hand may enhance the biodegradation rate in favor of enhancing BTFs' performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parham Parnian
- a Biotechnology Group, Faculty of Chemical Engineering , Tarbiat Modares University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Seyed Morteza Zamir
- a Biotechnology Group, Faculty of Chemical Engineering , Tarbiat Modares University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Seyed Abbas Shojaosadati
- a Biotechnology Group, Faculty of Chemical Engineering , Tarbiat Modares University , Tehran , Iran
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Almenglo F, Bezerra T, Lafuente J, Gabriel D, Ramírez M, Cantero D. Effect of gas-liquid flow pattern and microbial diversity analysis of a pilot-scale biotrickling filter for anoxic biogas desulfurization. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 157:215-223. [PMID: 27231880 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide removal from biogas was studied under anoxic conditions in a pilot-scale biotrickling filter operated under counter- and co-current gas-liquid flow patterns. The best performance was found under counter-current conditions (maximum elimination capacity of 140 gS m(-3) h(-1)). Nevertheless, switching conditions between co- and counter-current flow lead to a favorable redistribution of biomass and elemental sulfur along the bed height. Moreover, elemental sulfur was oxidized to sulfate when the feeding biogas was disconnected and the supply of nitrate (electron acceptor) was maintained. Removal of elemental sulfur was important to prevent clogging in the packed bed and, thereby, to increase the lifespan of the packed bed between maintenance episodes. The larger elemental sulfur removal rate during shutdowns was 59.1 gS m(-3) h(-1). Tag-encoded FLX amplicon pyrosequencing was used to study the diversity of bacteria under co-current flow pattern with liquid recirculation and counter-current mode with a single-pass flow of the liquid phase. The main desulfurizing bacteria were Sedimenticola while significant role of heterotrophic, opportunistic species was envisaged. Remarkable differences between communities were found when a single-pass flow of industrial water was fed to the biotrickling filter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Almenglo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technologies, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cadiz, Campus de Excelencia Agroalimentario ceiA3, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Tercia Bezerra
- GENOCOV Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Lafuente
- GENOCOV Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Gabriel
- GENOCOV Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martín Ramírez
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technologies, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cadiz, Campus de Excelencia Agroalimentario ceiA3, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - Domingo Cantero
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technologies, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cadiz, Campus de Excelencia Agroalimentario ceiA3, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
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Dorado AD, Gabriel D, Gamisans X. Biofiltration of WWTP sludge composting emissions at contact times of 2–10s by structured/unstructured packing materials. Process Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2015.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Alfonsín C, Lebrero R, Estrada JM, Muñoz R, Kraakman NJRB, Feijoo G, Moreira MT. Selection of odour removal technologies in wastewater treatment plants: a guideline based on Life Cycle Assessment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2015; 149:77-84. [PMID: 25463573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper aims at analysing the environmental benefits and impacts associated with the treatment of malodorous emissions from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology was applied to two biological treatments, namely biofilter (BF) and biotrickling filter (BTF), two physical/chemical alternatives, namely activated carbon tower (AC) and chemical scrubber (CS), and a hybrid combination of BTF + AC. The assessment provided consistent guidelines for technology selection, not only based on removal efficiencies, but also on the environmental impact associated with the treatment of emissions. The results showed that biological alternatives entailed the lowest impacts. On the contrary, the use of chemicals led to the highest impacts for CS. Energy use was the main contributor to the impact related to BF and BTF, whereas the production of glass fibre used as infrastructure material played an important role in BTF impact. Production of NaClO entailed the highest burdens among the chemicals used in CS, representing ∼ 90% of the impact associated to chemicals. The frequent replacement of packing material in AC was responsible for the highest environmental impacts, granular activated carbon (GAC) production and its final disposal representing more than 50% of the impact in most categories. Finally, the assessment of BTF + AC showed that the hybrid technology is less recommendable than BF and BTF, but friendlier to the environment than physical/chemical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Alfonsín
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.
| | - Raquel Lebrero
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Escuela de Ingenierías Industriales, Sede Dr. Mergelina, University of Valladolid, Dr Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.
| | - José M Estrada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Escuela de Ingenierías Industriales, Sede Dr. Mergelina, University of Valladolid, Dr Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; School of Engineering, London South Bank University, UK.
| | - Raúl Muñoz
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Escuela de Ingenierías Industriales, Sede Dr. Mergelina, University of Valladolid, Dr Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.
| | - N J R Bart Kraakman
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC Delft, The Netherlands; CH2M Hill, Level 7, 9 Help Street, Chatswood, NSW 2067, Australia.
| | - Gumersindo Feijoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.
| | - M Teresa Moreira
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.
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Montebello AM, Mora M, López LR, Bezerra T, Gamisans X, Lafuente J, Baeza M, Gabriel D. Aerobic desulfurization of biogas by acidic biotrickling filtration in a randomly packed reactor. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 280:200-208. [PMID: 25151242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.07.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Biotrickling filters for biogas desulfurization still must prove their stability and robustness in the long run under extreme conditions. Long-term desulfurization of high loads of H2S under acidic pH was studied in a lab-scale aerobic biotrickling filter packed with metallic Pall rings. Reference operating conditions at steady-state corresponded to an empty bed residence time (EBRT) of 130s, H2S loading rate of 52gS-H2Sm(-3)h(-1) and pH 2.50-2.75. The EBRT reduction showed that the critical EBRT was 75s and the maximum EC 100gS-H2Sm(-3)h(-1). Stepwise increases of the inlet H2S concentration up to 10,000 ppmv lead to a maximum EC of 220gS-H2Sm(-3)h(-1). The H2S removal profile along the filter bed indicated that the first third of the filter bed was responsible for 70-80% of the total H2S removal. The oxidation rate of solid sulfur accumulated inside the bioreactor during periodical H2S starvation episodes was verified under acidic operating conditions. The performance under acidic pH was comparable to that under neutral pH in terms of H2S removal capacity. However, bioleaching of the metallic packing used as support and chemical precipitation of sulfide/sulfur salts occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Montebello
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mabel Mora
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis R López
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tercia Bezerra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Gamisans
- Department of Mining Engineering and Natural Resources, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Bases de Manresa 61-73, 08240 Manresa, Spain
| | - Javier Lafuente
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Baeza
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Gabriel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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Estrada JM, Kraakman N(B, Lebrero R, Muñoz R. A sensitivity analysis of process design parameters, commodity prices and robustness on the economics of odour abatement technologies. Biotechnol Adv 2012; 30:1354-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Revised: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Lebrero R, Rodríguez E, Estrada JM, García-Encina PA, Muñoz R. Odor abatement in biotrickling filters: effect of the EBRT on methyl mercaptan and hydrophobic VOCs removal. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 109:38-45. [PMID: 22310214 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Revised: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The performance and microbiology of a biotrickling filter (BTF) treating methyl mercaptan, toluene, alpha-pinene and hexane at the mg m(-3) level was studied at empty bed residence times (EBRT) of 50, 30, 11 and 7 s. Removal efficiencies (REs) higher than 95% were observed for MeSH, toluene and alpha-pinene even at 11 s, while hexane REs exceeded 70%. At 7 s, an irreversible damage of the microbial activity due to the accumulation of toxic metabolites resulted in a decrease of REs. The addition of silicone stabilized process performance but only re-inoculation allowed achieving a complete removal of MeSH, toluene and alpha-pinene, and hexane REs of 80%. The high K(L)a values (ranging from 38 ± 4 to 90 ± 11 h(-1)) explained the good BTF performance at such low EBRTs. A high bacterial diversity, along with a vertical distribution of the bacterial communities was observed, the main phyla being Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Nitrospira, Chloroflexi and Gemmatimonadertes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Lebrero
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Paseo del Prado de Magdalena s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
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Lebrero R, Estrada JM, Muñoz R, Quijano G. Toluene mass transfer characterization in a biotrickling filter. Biochem Eng J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2011.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Review of mass transfer aspects for biological gas treatment. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 91:873-86. [PMID: 21701986 PMCID: PMC3145080 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3365-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Revised: 04/30/2011] [Accepted: 05/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This contribution reviews the mass transfer aspects of biotechnological processes for gas treatment, with an emphasis on the underlying principles and technical feasible methods for mass transfer enhancements. Understanding of the mass transfer behavior in bioreactors for gas treatment will result in improved reactor designs, reactor operation, and modeling tools, which are important to maximize efficiency and minimize costs. Various methods are discussed that show the potential for a more effective treatment of compounds with poor water solubility.
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Lebrero R, Rodríguez E, García-Encina PA, Muñoz R. A comparative assessment of biofiltration and activated sludge diffusion for odour abatement. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 190:622-630. [PMID: 21514728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.03.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Revised: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The deodorization performance of a biofilter and an activated sludge diffusion (AS) system was comparatively evaluated in terms of removal efficiency (RE) and process stability at empty bed residence times (EBRT) ranging from 94 to 32s. Both bioreactors were fed with a synthetic odorous emission containing H(2)S, butanone and toluene at 23.6-43.3, 4.3-6.3 and 0.4-0.6 mg m(-3), respectively. While the outlet H(2)S concentration was always lower than 1.4 mg m(-3), the REs for butanone and toluene remained higher than 95% in both bioreactors regardless of the EBRT. The continuous supply of wastewater in the AS unit did not affect removal and appeared to be a requirement for efficient pollutant abatement. Despite the narrow carbon source spectrum treated, the AS system maintained a large bacterial diversity over time. Therefore, the results obtained confirmed the potential of AS systems as a robust and efficient biotechnology for odour treatment in WWTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Lebrero
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
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Estrada JM, Kraakman NJRB, Muñoz R, Lebrero R. A comparative analysis of odour treatment technologies in wastewater treatment plants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2011; 45:1100-6. [PMID: 21275373 DOI: 10.1021/es103478j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Biofiltration, activated sludge diffusion, biotrickling filtration, chemical scrubbing, activated carbon adsorption, regenerative incineration, and a hybrid technology (biotrickling filtration coupled with carbon adsorption) are comparatively evaluated in terms of environmental performance, process economics, and social impact by using the IChemE Sustainability Metrics in the context of odor treatment from wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). This comparative analysis showed that physical/chemical technologies presented higher environmental impacts than their biological counterparts in terms of energy, material and reagents consumption, and hazardous-waste production. Among biological techniques, the main impact was caused by the high water consumption to maintain biological activity (although the use of secondary effluent water can reduce both this environmental impact and operating costs), biofiltration additionally exhibiting high land and material requirements. From a process economics viewpoint, technologies with the highest investments presented the lowest operating costs (biofiltration and biotrickling filtration), which suggested that the Net Present Value should be used as selection criterion. In addition, a significant effect of the economy of scale on the investment costs and odorant concentration on operating cost was observed. The social benefits derived from odor abatement were linked to nuisance reductions in the nearby population and improvements in occupational health within the WWTP, with the hybrid technology exhibiting the highest benefits. On the basis of their low environmental impact, high deodorization performance, and low Net Present Value, biotrickling filtration and AS diffusion emerged as the most promising technologies for odor treatment in WWTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Estrada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Valladolid University, Paseo del Prado de la Magdalena, s/n, 47011, Valladolid, Spain
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Lebrero R, Rodríguez E, Martin M, García-Encina PA, Muñoz R. H2S and VOCs abatement robustness in biofilters and air diffusion bioreactors: A comparative study. WATER RESEARCH 2010; 44:3905-3914. [PMID: 20639014 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2010.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2010] [Revised: 04/30/2010] [Accepted: 05/07/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The robustness of a conventional biofilter and an air diffusion bioreactor (ADB) was comparatively evaluated in laboratory-scale plants treating a mixture of H2S, butanone, toluene and alpha-pinene at gas residence times of 50 s. Under steady state conditions, H2S, butanone and toluene were almost completely degraded, while alpha-pinene removal did not exhibit removal efficiencies (REs) higher than 11.0 +/- 2.3%. Fluctuations in temperature from 8 degrees C to 30 degrees C did not impact significantly process performance in any of the biotechnologies tested. However, while the ADB unit was able to cope with three and six fold step increases in pollutant loadings, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) REs noticeably decreased in the biofilter when subjected to a six fold step change (i.e. 90% reduction for butanone and 30% for toluene). A process shutdown of five days resulted in the temporary loss of butanone and toluene RE in the ADB system. A lack of irrigation during five days caused a slight decrease in the biofilter REs, while a failure in the pH control system drastically affected the ADB performance. Finally, process robustness was quantified. The calculated overall risks showed that both biotechnologies were reliable for H2S and VOCs treatment in wastewater treatment plants, ADB diffusion exhibiting a higher robustness towards fluctuations commonly found under routine operation. This robustness was further confirmed by the high stability of the DGGE profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Lebrero
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Paseo del Prado de la Magdalena s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
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