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Villari V, Gaeta M, D’Urso A, Micali N. Porphyrin/carbon nanodot supramolecular complexes and their optical properties. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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2
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Villari V, Micali N, Nicosia A, Mineo P. Water-Soluble Non-Ionic PEGylated Porphyrins: A Versatile Category of Dyes for Basic Science and Applications. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2021; 379:35. [PMID: 34382110 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-021-00348-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This review arises from the need to rationalize the huge amount of information on the structural and spectroscopic properties of a peculiar class of porphyrin derivatives-the non-ionic PEGylated porphyrins-collected during almost two decades of research. The lack of charged groups in the molecular architecture of these porphyrin derivatives is the leitmotif of the work and plays an outstanding role in highlighting those interactions between porphyrins, or between porphyrins and target molecules (e.g., hydrophobic-, hydrogen bond related-, and coordination-interactions, to name just a few) that are often masked by stronger electrostatic contributions. In addition, it is exactly these weaker interactions between porphyrins that make the aggregated forms more prone to couple efficiently with external perturbative fields like weak hydrodynamic vortexes or temperature gradients. In the absence of charge, solubility in water is very often achieved by covalent functionalization of the porphyrin ring with polyethylene glycol chains. Various modifications, including of chain length or the number of chains, the presence of a metal atom in the porphyrin core, or having two or more porphyrin rings in the molecular architecture, result in a wide range of properties. These encompass self-assembly with different aggregate morphology, molecular recognition of biomolecules, and different photophysical responses, which can be translated into numerous promising applications in the sensing and biomedical field, based on turn-on/turn-off fluorescence and on photogeneration of radical species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Villari
- IPCF-CNR, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 37, 98158, Messina, Italy.
| | - Norberto Micali
- IPCF-CNR, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 37, 98158, Messina, Italy
| | - Angelo Nicosia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Placido Mineo
- IPCF-CNR, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 37, 98158, Messina, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
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Nicosia A, Abbadessa A, Vento F, Mazzaglia A, Mineo PG. Silver Nanoparticles Decorated with PEGylated Porphyrins as Potential Theranostic and Sensing Agents. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14112764. [PMID: 34071106 PMCID: PMC8197077 DOI: 10.3390/ma14112764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) stand out over other metal nanoparticles thanks to their peculiar bactericidal and spectroscopic properties. Tunability of the AgNPs chemical-physical properties could be provided through their organic covalent coating. On the other hand, PEGylated porphyrin derivatives are versatile heteromacrocycles investigated for uses in the biomedical field as cytotoxic and tracking agents, but also as sensors. In this work, an easy multi-step approach was employed to produce coated silver nanoparticles. Specifically, the AgNPs were functionalized with 5,10,15-[p-(ω-methoxy-polyethyleneoxy)phenyl]-20-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-porphyrin (P(PEG350)3), using chloropropanethiol as a coupling agent. The P(PEG350)3 was structurally characterized through MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, NMR spectroscopy and thermal analyses. The functionalization of AgNPs was monitored step-by-step employing UV-Vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering and thermogravimetric techniques. HRTEM and STEM measurements were used to investigate the morphology and the composition of the resulting nanostructured system (AgNP@P(PEG350)3), observing a long-range alignment of the outer porphyrin layer. The AgNP@P(PEG350)3 combines the features of the P(PEG350)3 with those of AgNPs, producing a potential multifunctional theranostic tool. The nanosystem revealed itself suitable as a removable pH sensor in aqueous solutions and potentially feasible for biological environment applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Nicosia
- Department of Chemical Sciences and INSTM UdR of Catania, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (A.N.); (A.A.); (F.V.)
| | - Antonio Abbadessa
- Department of Chemical Sciences and INSTM UdR of Catania, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (A.N.); (A.A.); (F.V.)
| | - Fabiana Vento
- Department of Chemical Sciences and INSTM UdR of Catania, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (A.N.); (A.A.); (F.V.)
| | - Antonino Mazzaglia
- CNR-ISMN, Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, V. le F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy;
| | - Placido Giuseppe Mineo
- Department of Chemical Sciences and INSTM UdR of Catania, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (A.N.); (A.A.); (F.V.)
- Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes CNR-IPCF, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 37, 98158 Messina, Italy
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials CNR-IPCB, Via P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Bayer P, Matena A, Beuck C. NMR Spectroscopy of supramolecular chemistry on protein surfaces. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:2505-2522. [PMID: 33093929 PMCID: PMC7554676 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the few analytical methods that offer atomic resolution, NMR spectroscopy is a valuable tool to study the interaction of proteins with their interaction partners, both biomolecules and synthetic ligands. In recent years, the focus in chemistry has kept expanding from targeting small binding pockets in proteins to recognizing patches on protein surfaces, mostly via supramolecular chemistry, with the goal to modulate protein–protein interactions. Here we present NMR methods that have been applied to characterize these molecular interactions and discuss the challenges of this endeavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bayer
- Structural and Medicinal Biochemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 1-5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Anja Matena
- Structural and Medicinal Biochemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 1-5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Christine Beuck
- Structural and Medicinal Biochemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 1-5, 45141 Essen, Germany
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Kovalska V, Kuperman M, Losytskyy M, Vakarov S, Potocki S, Yarmoluk S, Voloshin Y, Varzatskii O, Gumienna-Kontecka E. Induced CD of iron(ii) clathrochelates: sensing of the structural and conformational alterations of serum albumins. Metallomics 2020; 11:338-348. [PMID: 30516230 DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00278a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
An ability of inherently achiral macrobicyclic metal complexes iron(ii) clathrochelates to acquire an induced CD (ICD) output in the visible spectral range upon interaction with bovine serum albumin (BSA) was recently discovered. In the present work, the CD-reporting properties of iron(ii) clathrochelates to proteins and the thermodynamic parameters of their binding to albumins are evaluated. It is shown that iron(ii) clathrochelates functionalized by six ribbed carboxyphenylsulfide groups are able to discriminate between serum albumins of relative structure (here human and bovine albumins) by giving distinct ICD spectra. Besides, by the variation of the shape and intensity of CD bands, these cage metal complexes reflect the pH-triggered alterations of the tertiary structure of albumins. The constitutional isomerism (ortho-, meta- or para-isomers) of terminal carboxyphenylsulfide groups of iron(ii) clathrochelates strongly affects both the character of their ICD output upon binding with proteins and the parameters of the formed guest-host associates. Using isothermal titration calorimetry, it was determined that cage metal complexes bearing meta- and ortho-isomers of carboxyphenylsulfide groups possess higher association constants (Ka ∼ 2 × 104 M-1) and clathrochelate-to-BSA binding ratios (n = 2) than the para-isomer (Ka ∼ 5 × 103 M-1, n = 1). The iron(ii) clathrochelates are suggested to be potential molecular three-dimensional scaffolds for the design of CD-sensitive reporters able to recognize specific elements of protein surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladyslava Kovalska
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, NASU, 150 Zabolotnogo St., 03143 Kyiv, Ukraine.
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Babu B, Amuhaya E, Oluwole D, Prinsloo E, Mack J, Nyokong T. Preparation of NIR absorbing axial substituted tin(iv) porphyrins and their photocytotoxic properties. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:41-48. [PMID: 30774853 PMCID: PMC6349065 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00373d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sn(iv) porphyrins ([Sn(iv)TTP(3PyO)2] (5) and [Sn(iv)TPP(3PyO)2] (6) [tetrathienylporphyrin (TTP), tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP), and pyridyloxy (PyO)]) were prepared and characterized and their photocytotoxicity upon irradiation with 625 nm light has been studied. The presence of the 3PyO axial ligands was found to limit the aggregation and enhance the solubility of 5 and 6 in DMF/H2O (1 : 1). The photophysical properties and photodynamic therapy (PDT) activity of the meso-2-thienyl and meso-phenyl-substituted Sn(iv) porphyrins are compared. 5 and 6 were found to be photocytotoxic in MCF-7 cancer cells when irradiated with a Thorlabs M625L3 LED at 625 nm but remained nontoxic in the dark. The PDT activity of Sn(iv) meso-tetra-2-thienylporphyrin 5 was found to be significantly enhanced relative to its analogous tetraphenylporphyrin 6. There is a marked red-shift of the Q00 band of 5 into the therapeutic window due to the meso-2-thienyl rings, and 5 has an unusually high singlet oxygen quantum yield value of 0.83 in DMF. The results demonstrate that readily synthesized axially ligated Sn(iv) meso-arylporphyrins are potentially suitable for use as singlet oxygen photosensitizers in biomedical applications and merit further in depth investigation in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Babu
- Centre for Nanotechnology Innovation , Department of Chemistry , Rhodes University , Makhanda 6140 , South Africa .
| | - Edith Amuhaya
- School of Pharmacy and Healthy Sciences , United States International University - Africa , Nairobi , Kenya
| | - David Oluwole
- Centre for Nanotechnology Innovation , Department of Chemistry , Rhodes University , Makhanda 6140 , South Africa .
| | - Earl Prinsloo
- Biotechnology Innovation Centre , Rhodes University , Makhanda 6140 , South Africa
| | - John Mack
- Centre for Nanotechnology Innovation , Department of Chemistry , Rhodes University , Makhanda 6140 , South Africa .
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Centre for Nanotechnology Innovation , Department of Chemistry , Rhodes University , Makhanda 6140 , South Africa .
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Ozcelik A, Pereira-Cameselle R, von Weber A, Paszkiewicz M, Carlotti M, Paintner T, Zhang L, Lin T, Zhang YQ, Barth JV, van den Nobelen T, Chiechi RC, Jakob M, Heiz U, Chiussi S, Kartouzian A, Klappenberger F, Alonso-Gómez JL. Device-Compatible Chiroptical Surfaces through Self-Assembly of Enantiopure Allenes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:4548-4553. [PMID: 29551068 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chiroptical methods have been proven to be superior compared to their achiral counterparts for the structural elucidation of many compounds. To expand the use of chiroptical systems to everyday applications, the development of functional materials exhibiting intense chiroptical responses is essential. Particularly, tailored and robust interfaces compatible with standard device operation conditions are required. Herein, we present the design and synthesis of chiral allenes and their use for the functionalization of gold surfaces. The self-assembly results in a monolayer-thin room-temperature-stable upstanding chiral architecture as ascertained by ellipsometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure. Moreover, these nanostructures anchored to device-compatible substrates feature intense chiroptical second harmonic generation. Both straightforward preparation of the device-compatible interfaces along with their chiroptical nature provide major prospects for everyday applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - A von Weber
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstr. 4 , Garching 85748 , Germany
| | - M Paszkiewicz
- Physik-Department E20 , Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Str. 1 , Garching 85748 , Germany
| | - M Carlotti
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry & Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , Groningen 9747 AG , The Netherlands
| | - T Paintner
- Physik-Department E20 , Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Str. 1 , Garching 85748 , Germany
| | - L Zhang
- Physik-Department E20 , Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Str. 1 , Garching 85748 , Germany
| | - T Lin
- Physik-Department E20 , Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Str. 1 , Garching 85748 , Germany
| | - Y-Q Zhang
- Physik-Department E20 , Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Str. 1 , Garching 85748 , Germany
| | - J V Barth
- Physik-Department E20 , Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Str. 1 , Garching 85748 , Germany
| | | | - R C Chiechi
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry & Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , Groningen 9747 AG , The Netherlands
| | - M Jakob
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstr. 4 , Garching 85748 , Germany
| | - U Heiz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstr. 4 , Garching 85748 , Germany
| | | | - A Kartouzian
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstr. 4 , Garching 85748 , Germany
| | - F Klappenberger
- Physik-Department E20 , Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Str. 1 , Garching 85748 , Germany
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Villari V, Tosto R, Di Natale G, Sinopoli A, Tomasello MF, Lazzaro S, Micali N, Pappalardo G. A Metalloporphyrin-Peptide Conjugate as an Effective Inhibitor of Amyloid-β Peptide Fibrillation and Cytotoxicity. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201701148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Villari
- CNR-IPCF Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici; V.le F. Stagno d'Alcontres 37 98158 Messina Italy
| | - Rita Tosto
- CNR-IBB Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini; Via Paolo Gaifami 18 95126 Catania Italy
| | - Giuseppe Di Natale
- CNR-IBB Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini; Via Paolo Gaifami 18 95126 Catania Italy
| | - Alessandro Sinopoli
- PhD Program in Translational Biomedicine, Università di Catania; Viale A. Doria 6 95125 Catania Italy
| | - Marianna F. Tomasello
- CNR-IBB Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini; Via Paolo Gaifami 18 95126 Catania Italy
| | - Serena Lazzaro
- Marie Curie action Incipit-Cofund project; PhD Program in Chemical Sciences, CNR-IBB Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini Via Paolo Gaifami 18; 95126 Catania Italy
| | - Norberto Micali
- CNR-IPCF Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici; V.le F. Stagno d'Alcontres 37 98158 Messina Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pappalardo
- CNR-IBB Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini; Via Paolo Gaifami 18 95126 Catania Italy
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Mallon M, Dutt S, Schrader T, Crowley PB. Protein Camouflage: Supramolecular Anion Recognition by Ubiquitin. Chembiochem 2016; 17:774-83. [PMID: 26818656 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Progress in the field of bio-supramolecular chemistry, the bottom-up assembly of protein-ligand systems, relies on a detailed knowledge of molecular recognition. To address this issue, we have characterised complex formation between human ubiquitin (HUb) and four supramolecular anions. The ligands were: pyrenetetrasulfonic acid (4PSA), p-sulfonato-calix[4]arene (SCLX4), bisphosphate tweezers (CLR01) and meso-tetrakis (4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (TPPS), which vary in net charge, size, shape and hydrophobicity. All four ligands induced significant changes in the HSQC spectrum of HUb. Chemical shift perturbations and line-broadening effects were used to identify binding sites and to quantify affinities. Supporting data were obtained from docking simulations. It was found that these weakly interacting ligands bind to extensive surface patches on HUb. A comparison of the data suggests some general indicators for the protein-binding specificity of supramolecular anions. Differences in binding were observed between the cavity-containing and planar ligands. The former had a preference for the arginine-rich, flexible C terminus of HUb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Mallon
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Som Dutt
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45117, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Schrader
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45117, Essen, Germany
| | - Peter B Crowley
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland.
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Nissinkorn Y, Lahav‐Mankovski N, Rabinkov A, Albeck S, Motiei L, Margulies D. Sensing Protein Surfaces with Targeted Fluorescent Receptors. Chemistry 2015; 21:15981-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yael Nissinkorn
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot (Israel)
| | - Naama Lahav‐Mankovski
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot (Israel)
| | - Aharon Rabinkov
- Department of Biological Services, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot (Israel)
| | - Shira Albeck
- Israel Structural Proteomics Center, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot (Israel)
| | - Leila Motiei
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot (Israel)
| | - David Margulies
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot (Israel)
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Pescitelli G, Di Bari L, Berova N. Application of electronic circular dichroism in the study of supramolecular systems. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 43:5211-33. [PMID: 24825540 DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00104d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Chiral supramolecular architectures constitute crucial structural and functional elements in living systems and have been long mimicked by chemists to synthesize new artificial systems endowed with desired properties and functions. Among several techniques to study noncovalent chiral assemblies or aggregates, electronic circular dichroism (ECD) plays a key role because many mechanisms responsible for the appearance of ECD bands occur through space, and therefore are intrinsically sensitive to intermolecular interactions, from short to long-range. The aim of this tutorial review is to emphasize the different kinds of information which can be obtained specifically when chiral supramolecular species are characterized by means of ECD spectroscopy. We will survey several typical applications of ECD in the context of supramolecular chemistry, ranging from the simple detection of chiral aggregates or complexes, to the definition of stoichiometric ratios between the partners, the derivation of thermodynamic and kinetic parameters such as binding and rate constants, and ultimately to the refinement of the most plausible structure of the supramolecular species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Pescitelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, via Risorgimento 35, I-56126 Pisa, Italy.
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Mineo P. A porphyrin/β-cyclodextrin conjugated nano-system having a pan-lid molecular structure for smart drug carrier applications. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:3663-70. [PMID: 24763523 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00393d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, 5,10,15-tri[p(9-methoxy-triethyleneoxy)phenyl]-20-[p-phenylisophthalate-β-cyclodextrin]porphyrin, a compound containing a porphyrin and a β-cyclodextrin unit covalently linked by means of an isophthalic bridge, was synthesized and characterized by NMR, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and UV-vis and circular dichroism spectroscopies. This porphyrin/β-cyclodextrin system, with the porphyrin unit connected to the lower rim (OH-2) of the cyclodextrin structure, is water-soluble and no evidence of a self-assembly arrangement between the porphyrin and cyclodextrin units appears. In this way, the β-cyclodextrin cavities remain free, retaining their potential ability of drug-delivery, with the spectroscopic advantage induced by the high absorbance of the porphyrin unit. Furthermore, the porphyrin unit, interacting with the guest and acting as a lid, could have a role in the controlled release process of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Placido Mineo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche and I.N.S.T.M. UdR of Catania, Università di Catania, Viale A. Doria, 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
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Mineo P, Faggio C, Micali N, Scamporrino E, Villari V. A star polymer based on a polyethylene glycol with a porphyrinic core as a photosensitizing agent for application in photodynamic therapy: tests in vitro on human erythrocytes. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra47913g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Mineo P, Spitaleri F, Scamporrino E. A water soluble macromolecular nanobox having porphyrinic walls as a large host for giant guests. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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