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Killian L, Lutz M, Thevenon A. A π-extended β-diketiminate ligand via a templated Scholl approach. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024. [PMID: 38860402 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01627k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
We report a templated Scholl oxidation strategy for the preparation of the first β-diketiminate (BDI) ligands embedded within a 24-electron π-system backbone. The resulting benzo[f,g]tetracene BDI ligand was coordinated to a zinc centre and electrochemical studies showed the redox active nature of the ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Killian
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Martin Lutz
- Structural Biochemistry, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arnaud Thevenon
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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2
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Karmakar H, Kumar GS, Pal K, Chandrasekhar V, Panda TK. Tri-coordinated zinc alkyl complexes with N^ S/ Se coordination of imino-phosphanamidinate chalcogenide ligands as precursors for efficient hydroboration of nitriles and esters. Dalton Trans 2024. [PMID: 38855964 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00840e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
A series of tri-coordinated zinc alkyl complexes with the general molecular formula [κ2NE-{NHIRP(Ph)(E)N-Dipp}ZnEt] [R = Dipp (2,6-diisopropylphenyl), E = S (3a), Se (3b) and R = tBu (tert-butyl), E = S (4a), Se (4b)] bearing imino-phosphanamidinate chalcogenide ligands were prepared in good yields from the reaction between the protic imino-phosphanamidinate chalcogenide ligand [NHIRP(Ph)(E)NH-Dipp] [R = Dipp, E = S (1a), Se (1b) and R = tBu, E = S (2a), Se (2b)] and diethylzinc at room temperature. The molecular structures of all the zinc complexes were established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. In the solid state, all complexes exhibited a distorted trigonal planar geometry around the zinc ion. Metal-chalcogenide (Zn-S/Se) interactions were observed in the coordination sphere. These zinc alkyl complexes were employed as pre-catalysts in the hydroboration reaction of nitriles and esters to obtain the corresponding N,N-diborylamines and boronate esters, respectively, under ambient conditions. A wide substrate scope of nitriles and esters is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himadri Karmakar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502284, Telangana, India.
| | - Gobbilla Sai Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502284, Telangana, India.
| | - Kuntal Pal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Vadapalli Chandrasekhar
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, 500107, Hyderabad, India.
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India.
| | - Tarun K Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502284, Telangana, India.
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3
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Kamboj N, Metre RK. Designing a Phenalenyl-Based Dinuclear Ni(II) Complex: An Electrocatalyst with Two Single Ni Sites for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER). Inorg Chem 2024; 63:9771-9785. [PMID: 38738854 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
A new dinuclear Ni(II) complex 1, [Ni2II(dtbh-PLY)2], is synthesized from 9-(2-(3,6-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzylidene)hydrazineyl)-1H-phenalen-1-one, dtbh-PLYH2 ligand, and structurally characterized by various analytical tools including the single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) technique. In the solid state, both Ni(II) metal centers in complex 1 exist in a distorted square planar geometry and display the presence of rare Ni···H-C anagostic interactions to form a one-dimensional (1-D) linear motif in the supramolecular array. Complex 1 is further stabilized in the solid state by π-π-stacking interactions between the highly delocalized phenalenyl rings. The redox features of complex 1 have been analyzed by the cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique in solution as well as in the solid state, revealing the crucial involvement of both the Ni(II) metal centers for undergoing quasi-reversible oxidation reactions on the application of an anodic sweep. A complex 1-modified glassy carbon electrode, GC-1, is employed as an electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in 1.0 M KOH, giving an OER onset at 1.45 V, and very low OER overpotential, 300 mV vs the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) to reach 10 mA cm-2 current density. Furthermore, GC-1 displayed fast OER kinetics with a Tafel slope of 40 mV dec-1, a significantly lower Tafel slope value than those of previously reported molecular Ni(II) catalysts. In situ electrochemical experiments and postoperational UV-vis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies were performed to analyze the stability of the molecular nature of complex 1 and to gain reasonable insights into the true OER catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Kamboj
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, Rajasthan 342030, India
| | - Ramesh K Metre
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, Rajasthan 342030, India
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Singh B, Kumar M, Goswami G, Verma I, Ghorai MK. Ring-Opening Cyclization (ROC) of Aziridines with Propargyl Alcohols: Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydro-2 H-1,4-oxazines. J Org Chem 2023; 88:4504-4518. [PMID: 36972376 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c03093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Activated aziridines react with propargyl alcohols in the presence of Zn(OTf)2 as the Lewis acid catalyst following an SN2-type ring-opening mechanism to furnish the corresponding amino ether derivatives. Those amino ethers further undergo intramolecular hydroamination via 6-exo-dig cyclization in the presence of Zn(OTf)2 as the catalyst and tetrabutylammonium triflate salt as an additive under one-pot two-step reaction conditions. However, for nonracemic examples, ring-opening and cyclization steps were conducted under two-pot conditions. The reaction works well without any additional solvents. The final 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-oxazine products were obtained with 13 to 84% yield and 78 to 98% enantiomeric excess (for nonracemic examples).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Gaurav Goswami
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Indresh Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Manas K Ghorai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
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Ahmed J, Mandal SK. Phenalenyl Radical: Smallest Polycyclic Odd Alternant Hydrocarbon Present in the Graphene Sheet. Chem Rev 2022; 122:11369-11431. [PMID: 35561295 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Phenalenyl, a zigzag-edged odd alternant hydrocarbon unit can be found in the graphene nanosheet. Hückel molecular orbital calculations indicate the presence of a nonbonding molecular orbital (NBMO), which originates from the linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO) arising from 13 carbon atoms of the phenalenyl molecule. Three redox states (cationic, neutral radical, and anionic) of the phenalenyl-based molecules were attributed to the presence of this NBMO. The cationic state can undergo two consecutive reductions to result in neutral radical and anionic states, stepwise, respectively. The phenalenyl-based radicals were found as crucial building blocks and attracted the attention of various research fields such as organic synthesis, material science, computation, and device physics. From 2012 onward, a strategy was devised using the cationic state of phenalenyl-based molecules and in situ generated phenalenyl radicals, which created a new domain of catalysis. The in situ generated phenalenyl radicals were utilized for the single electron transfer (SET) process resulting in redox catalysis. This emerging range of applications rejuvenates the more than six decades-old phenalenyl chemistry. This review captures such developments ranging from fundamental understanding to multidirectional applications of phenalenyl-based radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasimuddin Ahmed
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Swadhin K Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
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Kamboj N, Mali G, Lama P, Erande RD, Metre RK. Designing a Redox Noninnocent Phenalenyl-Based Copper(II) Complex: An Autotandem Catalyst for the Selective Oxidation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:8789-8797. [PMID: 35309439 PMCID: PMC8928492 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c07051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A square-planar [CuIIL] complex 1, based on the redox-active phenalenyl unit LH2 = 9,9'-(ethane-1,2-diylbis(azanediyl))bis(1H-phenalen-1-one), is prepared and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Complex 1 crystallizes at room temperature with the P1 space group. The molecular structure of 1 reveals the presence of intriguing C-H···Cu intermolecular anagostic interactions of the order ∼2.7715 Å. Utilizing the presence of anagostic interactions and the free nonbonding molecular orbitals (NBMOs) of the closed-shell phenalenyl unit in 1, the oxidation reactions of some industrially important polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the presence of the [CuIIL] complex under very mild conditions have been reported. The direct conversion of anthracene-9-carbaldehyde to 9,10-anthraquinone in one step concludes that the catalyst shows dual activity in the chemical transformations. This also includes the first report of a "single-step" catalytic transformation of pyrene-1-carbaldehyde to the synthetically difficult pyren-4-ol, a precursor for the synthesis of several novel fluorescent probes for cell imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Kamboj
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Jodhpur, Jodhpur 342037, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ghanshyam Mali
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Jodhpur, Jodhpur 342037, Rajasthan, India
| | - Prem Lama
- CSIR-Indian
Institute of Petroleum, Haridwar Road, Mokhampur, Dehradun 248005, India
| | - Rohan D. Erande
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Jodhpur, Jodhpur 342037, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ramesh K. Metre
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Jodhpur, Jodhpur 342037, Rajasthan, India
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Earth-Abundant 3d Transition Metal Catalysts for Hydroalkoxylation and Hydroamination of Unactivated Alkenes. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11060674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the most noteworthy achievements in the field of C–O and C–N bond formation by hydroalkoxylation and hydroamination reactions on unactivated alkenes (including 1,2- and 1,3-dienes) promoted by earth-abundant 3d transition metal catalysts based on manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper and zinc. The relevant literature from 2012 until early 2021 has been covered.
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Butsch K, Haseloer A, Schmitz S, Ott I, Schur J, Klein A. Fe III, Cu II and Zn II Complexes of the Rigid 9-Oxido-phenalenone Ligand-Spectroscopy, Electrochemistry, and Cytotoxic Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3976. [PMID: 33921452 PMCID: PMC8070161 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The three complexes [Fe(opo)3], [Cu(opo)2], and [Zn(opo)2] containing the non-innocent anionic ligand opo- (opo- = 9-oxido-phenalenone, Hopo = 9-hydroxyphenalonone) were synthesised from the corresponding acetylacetonates. [Zn(opo)2] was characterised using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, the paramagnetic [Fe(opo)3] and [Cu(opo)2] by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. While the EPR spectra of [Cu(opo)2] and [Cu(acac)2] in dimethylformamide (DMF) solution are very similar, a rather narrow spectrum was observed for [Fe(opo)3] in tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution in contrast to the very broad spectrum of [Fe(acac)3] in THF (Hacac = acetylacetone, 2,4-pentanedione; acac- = acetylacetonate). The narrow, completely isotropic signal of [Fe(opo)3] disagrees with a metal-centred S = 5/2 spin system that is observed in the solid state. We assume spin-delocalisation to the opo ligand in the sense of an opo- to FeIII electron transfer. All compounds show several electrochemical opo-centred reduction waves in the range of -1 to -3 V vs. the ferrocene/ferrocenium couple. However, for CuII and FeIII the very first one-electron reductions are metal-centred. Electronic absorption in the UV to vis range are due to π-π* transitions in the opo core, giving Hopo and [Zn(opo)2] a yellow to orange colour. The structured bands ranging from 400 to 500 for all compounds are assigned to the lowest energy π-π* transitions. They show markedly higher intensities and slight shifts for the CuII (brown) and FeIII (red) complexes and we assume admixing metal contributions (MLCT for CuII, LMCT for FeIII). For both complexes long-wavelength absorptions assignable to d-d transitions were detected. Detailed spectroelectrochemical experiments confirm both the electrochemical and the optical assignments. Hopo and the complexes [Cu(opo)2], [Zn(opo)2], and [Fe(opo)3] show antiproliferative activities against HT-29 (colon cancer) and MCF-7 (breast cancer) cell lines in the range of a few µM, comparable to cisplatin under the same conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Butsch
- Department für Chemie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität zu Köln, Greinstraße 6, D-50939 Köln, Germany; (K.B.); (A.H.); (S.S.)
| | - Alexander Haseloer
- Department für Chemie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität zu Köln, Greinstraße 6, D-50939 Köln, Germany; (K.B.); (A.H.); (S.S.)
| | - Simon Schmitz
- Department für Chemie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität zu Köln, Greinstraße 6, D-50939 Köln, Germany; (K.B.); (A.H.); (S.S.)
| | - Ingo Ott
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstrasse 55, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (I.O.); (J.S.)
| | - Julia Schur
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstrasse 55, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (I.O.); (J.S.)
| | - Axel Klein
- Department für Chemie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität zu Köln, Greinstraße 6, D-50939 Köln, Germany; (K.B.); (A.H.); (S.S.)
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Chen WC, Chao I. Charge transport properties of open-shell graphene fragments: a computational study of the phenalenyl tilings. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:3256-3266. [PMID: 33319889 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03140b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Thinking outside the box of the phenalenyl radical: a systematic structure design strategy, phenalenyl tiling, is found to benefit the electron transport properties of open-shell graphene fragments with one free radical. Compared with the closed-shell species, phenalenyl-based π-radicals exhibit smaller intramolecular reorganization energies and larger intermolecular electronic couplings. However, the on-site Coulomb repulsion can be too strong and impedes the charge transport efficiency of such materials. The repulsion can be weakened in radical species by spin delocalization. In this paper, the extended π-radicals we studied are categorized into three types of open-shell structures: the zigzag, the armchair and the discotic odd alternant hydrocarbons. The latter two belong to phenalenyl tilings. We found that the phenalenyl tilings fully inherit the desirable features of the singly occupied molecular orbital of the phenalenyl radical in a predictable and delocalized fashion, and their on-site Coulomb repulsion is effectively reduced. The zigzag π-radicals are less satisfactory. Therefore, the phenalenyl tilings are favorable candidates for charge transporting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chih Chen
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
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Colonna P, Bezzenine S, Gil R, Hannedouche J. Alkene Hydroamination
via
Earth‐Abundant Transition Metal (Iron, Cobalt, Copper and Zinc) Catalysis: A Mechanistic Overview. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Colonna
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO)CNRS UMR 8182Université Paris-Sud Université Paris-Saclay 91405 Orsay cedex France
| | - Sophie Bezzenine
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO)CNRS UMR 8182Université Paris-Sud Université Paris-Saclay 91405 Orsay cedex France
| | - Richard Gil
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO)CNRS UMR 8182Université Paris-Sud Université Paris-Saclay 91405 Orsay cedex France
| | - Jérôme Hannedouche
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO)CNRS UMR 8182Université Paris-Sud Université Paris-Saclay 91405 Orsay cedex France
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11
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Bulky guanidinate calcium and zinc complexes as catalysts for the intramolecular hydroamination. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Lepori C, Bernoud E, Guillot R, Tobisch S, Hannedouche J. Experimental and Computational Mechanistic Studies of the β‐Diketiminatoiron(II)‐Catalysed Hydroamination of Primary Aminoalkenes. Chemistry 2019; 25:835-844. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clément Lepori
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, UMR 8182Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay Rue du doyen Georges Poitou Orsay 91405 France
| | - Elise Bernoud
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, UMR 8182Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay Rue du doyen Georges Poitou Orsay 91405 France
| | - Régis Guillot
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, UMR 8182Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay Rue du doyen Georges Poitou Orsay 91405 France
- CNRS Orsay 91405 France
| | - Sven Tobisch
- School of ChemistryUniversity of St Andrews Purdie Building North Haugh St Andrews KY16 9ST UK
| | - Jérôme Hannedouche
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, UMR 8182Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay Rue du doyen Georges Poitou Orsay 91405 France
- CNRS Orsay 91405 France
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13
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Lepori C, Guillot R, Hannedouche J. C1
-symmetric β-Diketiminatoiron(II) Complexes for Hydroamination of Primary Alkenylamines. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201801464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clément Lepori
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, UMR 8182; Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay; rue du doyen Georges Poitou Orsay F-91405 France
| | - Régis Guillot
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, UMR 8182; Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay; rue du doyen Georges Poitou Orsay F-91405 France
| | - Jérôme Hannedouche
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, UMR 8182; Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay; rue du doyen Georges Poitou Orsay F-91405 France
- CNRS; Orsay F-91405 France
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14
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Are homoleptic complexes of ethylene with group 12 metals isolable in solution? A DFT study. J Mol Model 2018; 24:161. [PMID: 29904887 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-018-3683-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Ethylene efficiently binds late transition metals of groups 10 and 11. In spite of their reactivity, homoleptic compounds of formula [M-(η2-C2H4)3]n+ (with n = 0,1) have been isolated in solution and solid state and characterized spectroscopically throughout the last 50 years with metals from groups 10 and 11. X-ray diffraction studies proved that such homoleptic adducts adopt planar "wheel" structures where ethylene moieties lies flat in the same plane both in group 10 and 11. These experimental findings were also confirmed by several in-depth computational investigations carried out to understand the bond pattern of such peculiar structures. Homoleptic complexes of group 10 and 11 metals with ethylene are normally obtained in poorly coordinating solvents (like CH2Cl2 or light petroleum) saturated with ethylene to increase the stability of such species in solution. In the case of coinage metals, Cu(I), Ag(I) and Au(I), weakly coordinating fluorinated counter-ions (like SbF6-) succeeded in stabilize the ethylene adducts, but, curiously, no analogous success has been reported for Zn(II), Cd(II), and Hg(II). Isoelectronic congeners along group 12 are still elusive, however, and, to our knowledge, full experimental and theoretical characterizations are still missing. This manuscript focuses on the theoretical study of the thermodynamic stability and properties of homoleptic complexes of ethylene with metals from group 12 in comparison with those from groups 10 and 11.
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Lepori C, Gómez-Orellana P, Ouharzoune A, Guillot R, Lledós A, Ujaque G, Hannedouche J. Well-Defined β-Diketiminatocobalt(II) Complexes for Alkene Cyclohydroamination of Primary Amines. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Clément Lepori
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d’Orsay, UMR 8182, Université Paris-Sud, Rue du doyen Georges Poitou, Orsay F-91405, France
| | - Pablo Gómez-Orellana
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Valles, Catalonia 08193, Spain
| | - Allissa Ouharzoune
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d’Orsay, UMR 8182, Université Paris-Sud, Rue du doyen Georges Poitou, Orsay F-91405, France
| | - Régis Guillot
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d’Orsay, UMR 8182, Université Paris-Sud, Rue du doyen Georges Poitou, Orsay F-91405, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Orsay F-91405, France
| | - Agusti Lledós
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Valles, Catalonia 08193, Spain
| | - Gregori Ujaque
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Valles, Catalonia 08193, Spain
| | - Jérôme Hannedouche
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d’Orsay, UMR 8182, Université Paris-Sud, Rue du doyen Georges Poitou, Orsay F-91405, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Orsay F-91405, France
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Bezzenine-Lafollée S, Gil R, Prim D, Hannedouche J. First-Row Late Transition Metals for Catalytic Alkene Hydrofunctionalisation: Recent Advances in C-N, C-O and C-P Bond Formation. Molecules 2017; 22:E1901. [PMID: 29113059 PMCID: PMC6150243 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This review provides an outline of the most noteworthy achievements in the area of C-N, C-O and C-P bond formation by hydroamination, hydroalkoxylation, hydrophosphination, hydrophosphonylation or hydrophosphinylation reaction on unactivated alkenes (including 1,2- and 1,3-dienes) promoted by first-row late transition metal catalytic systems based on manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper and zinc. The relevant literature from 2009 until mid-2017 has been covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Bezzenine-Lafollée
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), UMR 8182, University of Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay, France.
| | - Richard Gil
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), UMR 8182, University of Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay, France.
| | - Damien Prim
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles (ILV), UMR 8180, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin, F-78035 Versailles, France.
| | - Jérôme Hannedouche
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), UMR 8182, University of Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay, France.
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR8000, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, F-91405 Orsay, France.
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17
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Greene C, Grudzien PK, York JT. Binding and electrophilic activation of ethylene by zinc(II), cadmium(II), and mercury(II) complexes: A theoretical investigation. J Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Accessing Two-Coordinate ZnII
Organocations by NHC Coordination: Synthesis, Structure, and Use as π-Lewis Acids in Alkene, Alkyne, and CO2
Hydrosilylation. Chemistry 2017; 23:15908-15912. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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19
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Mukherjee A, Sau SC, Mandal SK. Exploring Closed-Shell Cationic Phenalenyl: From Catalysis to Spin Electronics. Acc Chem Res 2017; 50:1679-1691. [PMID: 28665582 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The odd alternant hydrocarbon phenalenyl (PLY) can exist in three different forms, a closed-shell cation, an open-shell radical, and a closed-shell anion, using its nonbonding molecular orbital (NBMO). The chemistry of PLY-based molecules began more than five decades ago, and so far, the progress has mainly involved the open-shell neutral radical state. Over the last two decades, we have witnessed the evolution of a range of PLY-based radicals generating an array of multifunctional materials. However, it has been admitted that the practical applications of PLY radicals are greatly challenged by the low stability of the open-shell (radical) state. Recently, we took a different route to establish the utility of these PLY molecules using the closed-shell cationic state. In such a design, the closed-shell unit of PLY can readily accept free electrons, stabilizing in its NBMO upon generation of the open-shell state of the molecule. Thus, one can synthetically avoid the unstable open-shell state but still take advantage of this state by in situ generating the radical through external electron transfer or spin injection into the empty NBMO. It is worth noting that such approaches using closed-shell phenalenyl have been missing in the literature. This Account focuses on our recent developments using the closed-shell cationic state of the PLY molecule and its application in broad multidisciplinary areas spanning from catalysis to spin electronics. We describe how this concept has been utilized to develop a variety of homogeneous catalysts. For example, this concept was used in designing an iron(III) PLY-based electrocatalyst for a single-compartment H2O2 fuel cell, which delivered the best electrocatalytic activity among previously reported iron complexes, organometallic catalysts for various homogeneous organic transformations (hydroamination and polymerization), an organic Lewis acid catalyst for the ring opening of epoxides, and transition-metal-free C-H functionalization catalysts. Moreover, this concept of using the empty NBMO present in the closed-shell cationic state of the PLY moiety to capture electron(s) was further extended to an entirely different area of spin electronics to design a PLY-based spin-memory device, which worked by a spin-filtration mechanism using an organozinc compound based on a PLY backbone deposited over a ferromagnetic substrate. In this Account, we summarize our recent efforts to understand how this unexplored closed-shell state of the phenalenyl molecule, which has been known for over five decades, can be utilized in devising an array of materials that not only are important from an organometallic chemistry or organic chemistry point of view but also provide new understanding for device physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arup Mukherjee
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts
Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Samaresh Chandra Sau
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Swadhin K. Mandal
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
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20
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Couce-Rios A, Lledós A, Ujaque G. The Origin of Anti-Markovnikov Regioselectivity in Alkene Hydroamination Reactions Catalyzed by [Rh(DPEphos)]+. Chemistry 2016; 22:9311-20. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Couce-Rios
- Departament de Química; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
| | - Agustí Lledós
- Departament de Química; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
| | - Gregori Ujaque
- Departament de Química; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
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21
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Rodriguez-Ruiz V, Carlino R, Bezzenine-Lafollée S, Gil R, Prim D, Schulz E, Hannedouche J. Recent developments in alkene hydro-functionalisation promoted by homogeneous catalysts based on earth abundant elements: formation of C-N, C-O and C-P bond. Dalton Trans 2016; 44:12029-59. [PMID: 25803322 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt00280j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This Perspective article provides an overview of the recent advancements in the field of intra- and inter-molecular C-N, C-O and C-P bond formation by hydroamination, hydroalkoxylation, hydrophosphination, hydrophosphonylation or hydrophosphinylation of unactivated alkenes, including allenes, 1,3-dienes and strained alkenes, promoted by (chiral) homogeneous catalysts based on earth abundant elements of the s and p blocks, the first row transition metals and the rare-earth metals. The relevant literature from 2009 until late 2014 has been covered.
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22
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Paira R, Singh B, Hota PK, Ahmed J, Sau SC, Johnpeter JP, Mandal SK. Open-Shell Phenalenyl in Transition Metal-Free Catalytic C–H Functionalization. J Org Chem 2016; 81:2432-41. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rupankar Paira
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur-741246, India
| | - Bhagat Singh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur-741246, India
| | - Pradip Kumar Hota
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur-741246, India
| | - Jasimuddin Ahmed
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur-741246, India
| | - Samaresh Chandra Sau
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur-741246, India
| | - Justin P. Johnpeter
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur-741246, India
| | - Swadhin K. Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur-741246, India
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23
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Bender CF, Brown TJ, Widenhoefer RA. Mechanism of the Platinum(II)-Catalyzed Hydroamination of 4-Pentenylamines. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher F. Bender
- Department of Chemistry,
French Family Science Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346, United States
| | - Timothy J. Brown
- Department of Chemistry,
French Family Science Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346, United States
| | - Ross A. Widenhoefer
- Department of Chemistry,
French Family Science Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346, United States
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24
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Gallegos C, Camacho R, Valiente M, Cuenca T, Cano J. Cyclopentadienyl-based Mg complexes in the intramolecular hydroamination of aminoalkenes: mechanistic evidence for cationic versus neutral magnesium derivatives. Catal Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cy01040c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Mechanistic evidence in the catalytic hydroamination of aminoalkenes for a cationic magnesium derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Gallegos
- Dpto de Química Inorgánica
- Universidad de Alcalá
- 28871 Alcalá de Henares
- Spain
| | - Ruth Camacho
- Dpto de Química Inorgánica
- Universidad de Alcalá
- 28871 Alcalá de Henares
- Spain
| | - Mercedes Valiente
- Dpto de Química Física
- Universidad de Alcalá
- 28871 Alcalá de Henares
- Spain
| | - Tomás Cuenca
- Dpto de Química Inorgánica
- Universidad de Alcalá
- 28871 Alcalá de Henares
- Spain
| | - Jesús Cano
- Dpto de Química Inorgánica
- Universidad de Alcalá
- 28871 Alcalá de Henares
- Spain
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25
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Petersen TO, Tausch E, Schaefer J, Scherer H, Roesky PW, Krossing I. Ethyl-Zinc(II)-Cation Equivalents: Synthesis and Hydroamination Catalysis. Chemistry 2015; 21:13696-702. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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26
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Abou-Shehada S, Teasdale MC, Bull SD, Wade CE, Williams JMJ. Lewis acid activation of pyridines for nucleophilic aromatic substitution and conjugate addition. CHEMSUSCHEM 2015; 8:1083-1087. [PMID: 25684444 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201403154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A clean, mild and sustainable method for the functionalization of pyridines and their analogues is reported. A zinc-based Lewis acid is used to activate pyridine and its analogues towards nucleophilic aromatic substitution, conjugate addition, and cyclization reactions by binding to the nitrogen on the pyridine ring and activating the pyridine ring core towards further functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Abou-Shehada
- Centre for Doctoral training at the Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies, Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY (UK)
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27
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González MJ, López LA, Vicente R. Zinc reagents as non-noble catalysts for alkyne activation. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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28
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Bernoud E, Lepori C, Mellah M, Schulz E, Hannedouche J. Recent advances in metal free- and late transition metal-catalysed hydroamination of unactivated alkenes. Catal Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cy01716a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This Perspective article outlines some of the recent advancements in the development of (chiral) metal-free and late transition metal catalysts for hydroamination of unactivated alkenes.
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29
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Chilleck MA, Hartenstein L, Braun T, Roesky PW, Braun B. Cationic Zinc Organyls as Precatalysts for Hydroamination Reactions. Chemistry 2014; 21:2594-602. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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30
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Roy SR, Nijamudheen A, Pariyar A, Ghosh A, Vardhanapu PK, Mandal PK, Datta A, Mandal SK. Phenalenyl in a Different Role: Catalytic Activation through the Nonbonding Molecular Orbital. ACS Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/cs5010695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Raha Roy
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, 741252 Kolkata, Mohanpur-741246, India
| | - A. Nijamudheen
- Department
of Spectroscopy, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, 700032 Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Anand Pariyar
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, 741252 Kolkata, Mohanpur-741246, India
| | - Anup Ghosh
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, 741252 Kolkata, Mohanpur-741246, India
| | - Pavan K. Vardhanapu
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, 741252 Kolkata, Mohanpur-741246, India
| | - Prasun K. Mandal
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, 741252 Kolkata, Mohanpur-741246, India
| | - Ayan Datta
- Department
of Spectroscopy, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, 700032 Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Swadhin K. Mandal
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, 741252 Kolkata, Mohanpur-741246, India
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31
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MUKHERJEE ARUP, SAMUEL PRINSONP, SCHULZKE CAROLA, MANDAL SWADHINK. Main group chemistry of 9-hydroxophenalenone: Syntheses and structural characterization of the alkaline earth and zinc complexes. J CHEM SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-014-0692-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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32
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Trifluoroacetic acid-promoted intramolecular hydroamination of unfunctionalized olefins bearing electron-rich amino groups. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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33
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Bernoud E, Oulié P, Guillot R, Mellah M, Hannedouche J. Well-Defined Four-Coordinate Iron(II) Complexes For Intramolecular Hydroamination of Primary Aliphatic Alkenylamines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:4930-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201402089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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34
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Bernoud E, Oulié P, Guillot R, Mellah M, Hannedouche J. Well-Defined Four-Coordinate Iron(II) Complexes For Intramolecular Hydroamination of Primary Aliphatic Alkenylamines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201402089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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35
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Wang YM, Li TT, Liu GQ, Zhang L, Duan L, Li L, Li YM. Cooperative effect in organocatalytic intramolecular hydroamination of unfunctionalized olefins. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra47060a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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36
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Mukherjee A, Sen TK, Ghorai PK, Mandal SK. Organozinc Catalyst on a Phenalenyl Scaffold for Intramolecular Hydroamination of Aminoalkenes. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om400906u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arup Mukherjee
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata, Mohanpur 741252, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Tamal K. Sen
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata, Mohanpur 741252, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Pradip Kr. Ghorai
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata, Mohanpur 741252, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Swadhin K. Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata, Mohanpur 741252, Nadia, West Bengal, India
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37
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38
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The non-innocent phenalenyl unit: an electronic nest to modulate the catalytic activity in hydroamination reaction. Sci Rep 2013; 3:2821. [PMID: 24084653 PMCID: PMC3788371 DOI: 10.1038/srep02821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The phenalenyl unit has played intriguing role in different fields of research spanning from chemistry, material chemistry to device physics acting as key electronic reservoir which has not only led to the best organic single component conductor but also created the spin memory device of next generation. Now we show the non-innocent behaviour of phenalenyl unit in modulating the catalytic behaviour in a homogeneous organic transformation. The present study establishes that the cationic state of phenalenyl unit can act as an organic Lewis acceptor unit to influence the catalytic outcome of intermolecular hydroamination reaction of carbodiimides. For the present study, we utilized organoaluminum complexes of phenalenyl ligands in which the phenalenyl unit maintains the closed shell electronic state. The DFT calculation reveals that the energy of LUMO of the catalyst is mainly controlled by phenalenyl ligands which in turn determines the outcome of the catalysis.
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39
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Liu B, Roisnel T, Carpentier JF, Sarazin Y. Heteroleptic alkyl and amide iminoanilide alkaline earth and divalent rare earth complexes for the catalysis of hydrophosphination and (cyclo)hydroamination reactions. Chemistry 2013; 19:13445-62. [PMID: 23955798 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
[{N^N}M(X)(thf)n] alkyl (X=CH(SiMe3)2) and amide (X=N(SiMe3)2) complexes of alkaline earths (M=Ca, Sr, Ba) and divalent rare earths (Yb(II) and Eu(II) ) bearing an iminoanilide ligand ({N^N}(-)) are presented. Remarkably, these complexes proved to be kinetically stable in solution. X-ray diffraction studies allowed us to establish size-structure trends. Except for one case of oxidation with [{N^N}Yb(II){N(SiMe3)2}(thf)], all these complexes are stable under the catalytic conditions and constitute effective precatalysts for the cyclohydroamination of terminal aminoalkenes and the intermolecular hydroamination and intermolecular hydrophosphination of activated alkenes. Metals with equal sizes across alkaline earth and rare earth families display almost identical apparent catalytic activity and selectivity. Hydrocarbyl complexes are much better catalyst precursors than their amido analogues. In the case of cyclohydroamination, the apparent activity decreases with metal size: Ca>Sr>Ba, and the kinetic rate law agrees with R(CHA) =k[precatalyst](1)[aminoalkene](1). The intermolecular hydroamination and hydrophosphination of styrene are anti-Markovnikov regiospecific. In both cases, the apparent activity increases with the ionic radius (Ca<Sr<Ba) but the rate laws are different, and obey R(HA) =k[styrene](1)[amine](1)[precatalyst](1) and R(HP) =k[styrene](1)[HPPh2 ](0)[precatalyst](1), respectively. Mechanisms compatible with the rate laws and kinetic isotopic effects are proposed. [{N^N}Ba{N(SiMe3)2}(thf)2] (3) and [{N^N}Ba{CH(SiMe3)2}(thf)2] (10) are the first efficient Ba-based precatalysts for intermolecular hydroamination and hydrophosphination, and display activity values that are above those reported so far. The potential of the precatalysts for C-N and C-P bond formation is detailed and a rare cyclohydroamination-intermolecular hydroamination "domino" sequence is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Organometallics: Materials and Catalysis, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex (France), Fax: (+33) 223-236-939
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40
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Kuzdrowska M, Murugesapandian B, Hartenstein L, Gamer MT, Arleth N, Blechert S, Roesky PW. {CH
2
(PPh
2
=NSiMe
3
)(PPh
2
=S)} and {CH(PPh
2
=NSiMe
3
)(Ph
2
P=S)}
–
as Ligands in Zinc Chemistry: Synthesis and Structures. Eur J Inorg Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201300501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kuzdrowska
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Helmholtz Research School: Energy‐Related Catalysis, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany, http://www.aoc.kit.edu/AK%20Roesky.php
| | - Balasubramanian Murugesapandian
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Helmholtz Research School: Energy‐Related Catalysis, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany, http://www.aoc.kit.edu/AK%20Roesky.php
| | - Larissa Hartenstein
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Helmholtz Research School: Energy‐Related Catalysis, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany, http://www.aoc.kit.edu/AK%20Roesky.php
| | - Michael T. Gamer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Helmholtz Research School: Energy‐Related Catalysis, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany, http://www.aoc.kit.edu/AK%20Roesky.php
| | - Nicholas Arleth
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Helmholtz Research School: Energy‐Related Catalysis, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany, http://www.aoc.kit.edu/AK%20Roesky.php
| | - Siegfried Blechert
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany, http://www.chemie.tu‐berlin.de/blechert/menue/home/
| | - Peter W. Roesky
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Helmholtz Research School: Energy‐Related Catalysis, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany, http://www.aoc.kit.edu/AK%20Roesky.php
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41
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Zeng X. Recent Advances in Catalytic Sequential Reactions Involving Hydroelement Addition to Carbon–Carbon Multiple Bonds. Chem Rev 2013; 113:6864-900. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400082n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 374] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Zeng
- Center for
Organic Chemistry, Frontier Institute of
Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710054, P. R. China
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42
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Liu B, Roisnel T, Carpentier JF, Sarazin Y. Cyclohydroamination of Aminoalkenes Catalyzed by Disilazide Alkaline-Earth Metal Complexes: Reactivity Patterns and Deactivation Pathways. Chemistry 2013; 19:2784-802. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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43
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Gautam LN, Wang Q, Akhmedov NG, Petersen JL, Shi X. Stereoselective synthesis of N-heterocycles through amine addition to nitroalkenes. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:1917-20. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob27452g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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44
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Mukherjee A, Sen TK, Mandal SK, Maity B, Koley D. Construction of oxygen-bridged multimetallic assembly: dual catalysts for hydroamination reactions. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra21778c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Sen TK, Mukherjee A, Modak A, Mandal SK, Koley D. Substitution effect on phenalenyl backbone in the rate of organozinc catalyzed ROP of cyclic esters. Dalton Trans 2012; 42:1893-904. [PMID: 23172379 DOI: 10.1039/c2dt32152a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of zinc complexes (1-6) supported by substituted phenalenyl ligands was synthesized by reacting the phenalenyl ligands with diethyl zinc under ethane evolution. The solid state structures of these complexes (1-6) were determined by single crystal X-ray crystallography. Furthermore, the organozinc complexes (4-6) were tested for the polymerization of cyclic esters as efficient catalysts for the ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) and rac-lactide (rac-LA) in the presence of benzyl alcohol (BnOH) as initiator. Complex 4 exhibited remarkably higher rate of polymerization under identical reaction condition than complexes 5 and 6. The polymerization of ε-caprolactone produced polymer with narrow polydispersities (M(w)/M(n) = 1.06 to 1.22), while the polymerization of lactide monomers afforded polylactides with polydispersity values ranging from 1.08 to 1.8. The kinetic experiments unravelled a controlled polymerization. The controlled nature of polymerization was further utilized in the preparation of the block copolymer poly(CL)block-poly(rac-LA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamal K Sen
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata, Mohanpur-741252, India
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