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Sajid I, Hassan A, Begum R, Zhou S, Irfan A, Chaudhry AR, Farooqi ZH. Yolk-shell smart polymer microgels and their hybrids: fundamentals and applications. RSC Adv 2024; 14:8409-8433. [PMID: 38476178 PMCID: PMC10929002 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00035h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Yolk-shell microgels and their hybrids have attained great importance in modern-day research owing to their captivating features and potential uses. This manuscript provides the strategies for preparation, classification, properties and current applications of yolk-shell microgels and their hybrids. Some of the yolk-shell microgels and their hybrids are identified as smart polymer yolk-shell microgels and smart hybrid microgels, respectively, as they react to changes in particular environmental stimuli such as pH, temperature and ionic strength of the medium. This unique behavior makes them a perfect candidate for utilization in drug delivery, selective catalysis, adsorption of metal ions, nanoreactors and many other fields. This review demonstrates the contemporary progress along with suggestions and future perspectives for further research in this specific field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Sajid
- School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab New Campus Lahore 54590 Pakistan +92-42-9231269 +92-42-9230463 ext. 817
| | - Ahmad Hassan
- School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab New Campus Lahore 54590 Pakistan +92-42-9231269 +92-42-9230463 ext. 817
| | - Robina Begum
- School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab New Campus Lahore 54590 Pakistan +92-42-9231269 +92-42-9230463 ext. 817
| | - Shuiqin Zhou
- Department of Chemistry of The College of Staten Island, PhD Program in Chemistry of The Graduate Centre, The City University of New York 2800 Victory Boulevard, Staten Island NY 10314 USA
| | - Ahmad Irfan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University P. O. Box 9004 Abha 61413 Saudi Arabia
| | - Aijaz Rasool Chaudhry
- Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Bisha P. O. Box 551, Bisha 61922 Saudi Arabia
| | - Zahoor H Farooqi
- School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab New Campus Lahore 54590 Pakistan +92-42-9231269 +92-42-9230463 ext. 817
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2
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Abstract
Solar-to-chemical energy conversion via heterogeneous photocatalysis is one of the sustainable approaches to tackle the growing environmental and energy challenges. Among various promising photocatalytic materials, plasmonic-driven photocatalysts feature prominent solar-driven surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Non-noble plasmonic metals (NNPMs)-based photocatalysts have been identified as a unique alternative to noble metal-based ones due to their advantages like earth-abundance, cost-effectiveness, and large-scale application capability. This review comprehensively summarizes the most recent advances in the synthesis, characterization, and properties of NNPMs-based photocatalysts. After introducing the fundamental principles of SPR, the attributes and functionalities of NNPMs in governing surface/interfacial photocatalytic processes are presented. Next, the utilization of NNPMs-based photocatalytic materials for the removal of pollutants, water splitting, CO2 reduction, and organic transformations is discussed. The review concludes with current challenges and perspectives in advancing the NNPMs-based photocatalysts, which are timely and important to plasmon-based photocatalysis, a truly interdisciplinary field across materials science, chemistry, and physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Sayed
- Laboratory of Solar Fuel, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, P.R. China.,Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt.,State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Jiaguo Yu
- Laboratory of Solar Fuel, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Gang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Mietek Jaroniec
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, United States
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3
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Sun X, Han J, Guo R. A Mini Review on Yolk-Shell Structured Nanocatalysts. Front Chem 2020; 8:606044. [PMID: 33330401 PMCID: PMC7734176 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.606044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Yolk-shell structured nanomaterials, possessing a hollow shell and interior core, are emerging as unique nanomaterials with applications ranging from material science, biology, and chemistry. In particular, the scaffold yolk-shell structure shows great promise as a nanocatalyst. Specifically, the hollow shell offers a confined space, which keeps the active yolk from aggregation and deactivation. The inner void ensures the pathway for mass transfer. Over the last few decades, many strategies have been developed to endow yolk-shell based nanomaterials with superior catalytic performance. This minireview describes synthetic methods for the preparation of various yolk-shell nanomaterials. It discusses strategies to improve the performance of yolk-shell catalysts with examples for engineering the shell, yolk, void, and related synergistic effects. Finally, it considers the challenges and prospects for yolk-shell nanocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jie Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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4
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Dergunov SA, Pinkhassik E. Bilayer-Templated Two-Dimensional RAFT Polymerization for Directed Assembly of Polymer Nanostructures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:18405-18411. [PMID: 32558032 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Co-localization of monomers, crosslinkers, and chain-transfer agents (CTA) within self-assembled bilayers in an aqueous suspension enabled the successful directed assembly of nanocapsules using a reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) process without compromising the polymerization kinetics. This study uncovered substantial influence of the organized medium on the course of the reaction, including differential reactivity based on placement and mobility of monomers, crosslinkers, and CTAs within the bilayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A Dergunov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Eugene Pinkhassik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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5
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Dergunov SA, Pinkhassik E. Bilayer‐Templated Two‐Dimensional RAFT Polymerization for Directed Assembly of Polymer Nanostructures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A. Dergunov
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut 55 North Eagleville Road Storrs CT 06269 USA
| | - Eugene Pinkhassik
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut 55 North Eagleville Road Storrs CT 06269 USA
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6
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Zhu W, Chen Z, Pan Y, Dai R, Wu Y, Zhuang Z, Wang D, Peng Q, Chen C, Li Y. Functionalization of Hollow Nanomaterials for Catalytic Applications: Nanoreactor Construction. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1800426. [PMID: 30125990 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201800426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hollow nanomaterials have attracted a broad interest in multidisciplinary research due to their unique structure and preeminent properties. Owing to the high specific surface area, well-defined active site, delimited void space, and tunable mass transfer rate, hollow nanostructures can serve as excellent catalysts, supports, and reactors for a variety of catalytic applications, including photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, heterogeneous catalysis, homogeneous catalysis, etc. Based on state-of-the-art synthetic methods and characterization techniques, researchers focus on the purposeful functionalization of hollow nanomaterials for catalytic mechanism studies and intricate catalytic reactions. Herein, an overview of current reports with respect to the catalysis of functionalized hollow nanomaterials is given, and they are classified into five types of versatile strategies with a top-down perspective, including textual and composition modification, encapsulation, multishelled construction, anchored single atomic site, and surface molecular engineering. In the detailed case studies, the design and construction of hierarchical hollow catalysts are discussed. Moreover, since hollow structure offers more than two types of spatial-delimited sites, complicated catalytic reactions are elaborated. In summary, functionalized hollow nanomaterials provide an ideal model for the rational design and development of efficient catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yuan Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ruoyun Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhongbin Zhuang
- State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Dingsheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qing Peng
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yadong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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Dergunov SA, Kim MD, Shmakov SN, Pinkhassik E. Building Functional Nanodevices with Vesicle-Templated Porous Polymer Nanocapsules. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:189-198. [PMID: 30561994 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Vesicle-templated nanocapsules offer a unique combination of properties enabled by robust shells with single-nanometer thickness containing programmed uniform pores capable of fast and selective mass transfer. These capsules emerged as a versatile platform for creating functional devices, such as nanoreactors, nanosensors, and containers for the delivery of drugs and imaging agents. Nanocapsules are synthesized by a directed assembly method using self-assembled bilayers of vesicles as temporary scaffolds. In this approach, hydrophobic building blocks are loaded into the hydrophobic interior of vesicles formed from lipids or surfactants. Pore-forming templates are codissolved with the monomers and cross-linkers in the interior of the bilayer. The polymerization forms a cross-linked shell with embedded pore-forming templates. Removal of the surfactant scaffold and pore-forming templates leads to free-standing nanocapsules with shells containing uniform imprinted nanopores. Development of reliable and scalable synthetic methods for the modular construction of capsules with tunable properties has opened the opportunity to pursue practical applications of nanocapsules. In this Account, we discuss how unique properties of vesicle-templated nanocapsules translate into the creation of functional nanodevices. Specifically, we focus the conversation on applications aiming at the delivery of drugs and imaging agents, creation of fast-acting and selective nanoreactors, and fabrication of nanoprobes for sensing and imaging. We present a brief overview of the synthesis of nanocapsules with an emphasis on recent developments leading to robust synthetic methods including the synthesis under physiological conditions and creation of biodegradable nanocapsules. We then highlight unique properties of nanocapsules essential for practical applications, such as precise control of pore size and chemical environment, selective permeability, and ultrafast transport through the pores. We discuss new motifs for catch and release of small molecules with porous nanocapsules based on controlling the microenvironment inside the nanocapsules, regulating the charge on the orifice of nanopores in the shells, and reversible synergistic action of host and guest forming a supramolecular complex in nanocapsules. We demonstrate successful creation of fast-acting and selective nanoreactors by encapsulation of diverse homogeneous and nanoparticle catalysts. Due to unhindered flow of substrates and products through the nanopores, encapsulation did not compromise catalytic efficiency and, in fact, improved the stability of entrapped catalysts. We present robust nanoprobes based on nanocapsules with entrapped sensing agents and show how the encapsulation resulted in selective measurements with fast response times in challenging conditions, such as small volumes and complex mixtures. Throughout this Account, we highlight the advantages of encapsulation and discuss the opportunities for future design of nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A. Dergunov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Mariya D. Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Sergey N. Shmakov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Eugene Pinkhassik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
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Han Y, Pan M, Yuan J, Mei S, Zhu L, Liu G, Yu H. Facile fabrication, morphology control, and modification of polymeric yolk-shell microspheres. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:455602. [PMID: 30152790 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aadd38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication and functionalization of polymeric yolk-shell microspheres (YSMs), possessing a hollow shell and a movable core, is interesting but challenging in materials science. Here we report the facile fabrication, morphology control, and fluorescent modification of polymeric YSMs, which have a spherical core of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and a hollow shell of poly(styrene-co-glycidyl methacrylate). First, flower-like microspheres with core-shell structures are synthesized via seeded surface nucleation in an emulsion polymerization of styrene, glycidyl methacrylate, and divinylbenzene by using PVDF microparticles as seeds. Both the feed ratio and the polymerization time are considered to manipulate the core-shell structures of the composite microparticles, which obviously influences the morphology of the YSMs obtained from the subsequent treatment of solvent etching to remove the seed. The hollow volume of the polymeric YSMs is easily adjusted by changing the etching time at different temperatures. Meanwhile, we realized three-dimensionally confined crystallization of PVDF in different morphologies of YSMs. Furthermore, YSMs with the same or different functional groups, inside and outside of the hollow shell, respectively, are chemically modified by the reaction of glycidyl groups on the shell with 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy) bis-ethylamine. Thus, strong fluorescence of the YSMs is observed by subsequent labeling with functional fluorescent groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Han
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, People's Republic of China
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9
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Wang Q, Luo W, Chen X, Fan J, Jiang W, Wang L, Jiang W, Zhang W, Yang J. Porous‐Carbon‐Confined Formation of Monodisperse Iron Nanoparticle Yolks toward Versatile Nanoreactors for Metal Extraction. Chemistry 2018; 24:15663-15668. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers, and Polymer Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering Institute of Functional Materials Donghua University Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
| | - Wei Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers, and Polymer Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering Institute of Functional Materials Donghua University Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
| | - Xinqi Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers, and Polymer Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering Institute of Functional Materials Donghua University Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
- School of Physics and Mechanical & Electrical Engineering Hubei University of Education Wuhan 430205 P. R. China
| | - Jianwei Fan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China
| | - Weizhong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers, and Polymer Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering Institute of Functional Materials Donghua University Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
| | - Lianjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers, and Polymer Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering Institute of Functional Materials Donghua University Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
| | - Wan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers, and Polymer Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering Institute of Functional Materials Donghua University Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute Jingdezhen 333001 P. R. China
| | - Wei‐xian Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China
| | - Jianping Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers, and Polymer Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering Institute of Functional Materials Donghua University Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
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10
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Jeong Y, Tonga GY, Duncan B, Yan B, Das R, Sahub C, Rotello VM. Solubilization of Hydrophobic Catalysts Using Nanoparticle Hosts. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:10.1002/smll.201702198. [PMID: 29271047 PMCID: PMC5848072 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201702198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A modular strategy for the solubilization and protection of hydrophobic transition metal catalysts using the hydrophobic pockets of water soluble gold nanoparticles is reported. Besides preserving original catalyst activity, this encapsulation strategy provides a protective environment for the hydrophobic catalyst and brings reusability. This system provides a versatile platform for the encapsulation of different hydrophobic transition metal catalysts, allowing a wide range of catalysis in water while uniting the advantages of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis in the same system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngdo Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Gulen Yesilbag Tonga
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Bradley Duncan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Bo Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Riddha Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Chonticha Sahub
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA. Supramolecular Chemistry Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Vincent M. Rotello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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11
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Hofer CJ, Grass RN, Schneider EM, Hendriks L, Herzog AF, Zeltner M, Günther D, Stark WJ. Water dispersible surface-functionalized platinum/carbon nanorattles for size-selective catalysis. Chem Sci 2018; 9:362-367. [PMID: 29629105 PMCID: PMC5868313 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03785f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective dealloying of metal nanoparticles results in rattle-type hollow carbon nanoshells enclosing platinum nanoparticles, which are able to perform size-selective catalysis. Selective functionalization of the outer graphene-like carbon surface prevents agglomeration and leads to well dispersible nanocatalysts in aqueous solutions. The synthesis starts with the production of nanoparticles with a cobalt-platinum-alloy core surrounded by graphene-like carbon via reducing flame spray synthesis. After surface functionalization, simultaneous pore formation in the shell-wall and dissolution of the cobalt results in platinum encapsulated in hollow carbon nanospheres. Catalytic oxidation of differently sized sugars (glucose and maltoheptaose) reveales size-selective catalytic properties of these platinum nanorattles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne J Hofer
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland .
| | - Robert N Grass
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland .
| | - Elia M Schneider
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland .
| | - Lyndsey Hendriks
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Antoine F Herzog
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland .
| | - Martin Zeltner
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland .
| | - Detlef Günther
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Wendelin J Stark
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland .
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12
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Platinum Nanoparticle-embedded Porous Diamond Spherical Particles as an Active and Stable Heterogeneous Catalyst. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8651. [PMID: 28819241 PMCID: PMC5561195 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08949-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Platinum nanoparticle-embedded porous diamond spherical particles (PtNP@PDSPs), as an active and stable catalyst, were fabricated by spray-drying of an aqueous slurry containing nanodiamond (ND) particles, platinum nanoparticles (PtNP), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) to form ND/PtNP/PEG composite spherical particles, followed by removal of PEG and a short-time diamond growth on the surface. The average diameter of the PtNP@PDSPs can be controlled in the range of 1–5 μm according to the spray-drying conditions. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area and average pore diameter of the PtNP@PDSPs were estimated to be ca. 170–300 m2 g−1 and ca. 4–13 nm, respectively. When ND with the size of 20–30 nm was used, the size of PtNP in the PtNP@PDSP was almost unchanged at 5–6 nm even after high temperature processes and reuse test for catalytic reaction, showing stable supporting. The catalytic activity of the PtNP@PDSPs for the dehydrogenation of cyclohexane was higher than that for a Pt/C catalyst, which is attributed to the stable PtNP support by the three-dimensional packing of ND and efficient mass transfer via the interconnected through-hole pores in the PDSPs.
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13
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Richter AG, Dergunov SA, Kim MD, Shmakov SN, Pingali SV, Urban VS, Liu Y, Pinkhassik E. Unraveling the Single-Nanometer Thickness of Shells of Vesicle-Templated Polymer Nanocapsules. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:3630-3636. [PMID: 28715200 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Vesicle-templated nanocapsules have emerged as a viable platform for diverse applications. Shell thickness is a critical structural parameter of nanocapsules, where the shell plays a crucial role providing mechanical stability and control of permeability. Here we used small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) to determine the thickness of freestanding and surfactant-stabilized nanocapsules. Despite being at the edge of detectability, we were able to show the polymer shell thickness to be typically 1.0 ± 0.1 nm, which places vesicle-templated nanocapsules among the thinnest materials ever created. The extreme thinness of the shells has implications for several areas: mass-transport through nanopores is relatively unimpeded; pore-forming molecules are not limited to those spanning the entire bilayer; the internal volume of the capsules is maximized; and insight has been gained on how polymerization occurs in the confined geometry of a bilayer scaffold, being predominantly located at the phase-separated layer of monomers and cross-linkers between the surfactant leaflets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G Richter
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Valparaiso University , Valparaiso, Indiana 46383, United States
| | - Sergey A Dergunov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut , 55 North Eagleville Rd, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Mariya D Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut , 55 North Eagleville Rd, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Sergey N Shmakov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut , 55 North Eagleville Rd, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Sai Venkatesh Pingali
- Center for Structural Molecular Biology, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , P.O. Box 2008 MS-6430, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6430, United States
| | - Volker S Urban
- Center for Structural Molecular Biology, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , P.O. Box 2008 MS-6430, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6430, United States
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Delaware , Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Center for Neutron Science, National Institute of Standards and Technology , 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Eugene Pinkhassik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut , 55 North Eagleville Rd, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
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14
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Dergunov SA, Khabiyev AT, Shmakov SN, Kim MD, Ehterami N, Weiss MC, Birman VB, Pinkhassik E. Encapsulation of Homogeneous Catalysts in Porous Polymer Nanocapsules Produces Fast-Acting Selective Nanoreactors. ACS NANO 2016; 10:11397-11406. [PMID: 28024370 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b06735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanoreactors were created by entrapping homogeneous catalysts in hollow nanocapsules with 200 nm diameter and semipermeable nanometer-thin shells. The capsules were produced by the polymerization of hydrophobic monomers in the hydrophobic interior of the bilayers of self-assembled surfactant vesicles. Controlled nanopores in the shells of nanocapsules ensured long-term retention of the catalysts coupled with the rapid flow of substrates and products in and out of nanocapsules. The study evaluated the effect of encapsulation on the catalytic activity and stability of five different catalysts. Comparison of kinetics of five diverse reactions performed in five different solvents revealed the same reaction rates for free and encapsulated catalysts. Identical reaction kinetics confirmed that placement of catalysts in the homogeneous interior of polymer nanocapsules did not compromise catalytic efficiency. Encapsulated organometallic catalysts showed no loss of metal ions from nanocapsules suggesting stabilization of the complexes was provided by nanocapsules. Controlled permeability of the shells of nanocapsules enabled size-selective catalytic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A Dergunov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut , 55 North Eagleville Rd, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Alibek T Khabiyev
- Kazakh National Research Technical University , 22 Satpayev St., Almaty 050013, Kazakhstan
| | - Sergey N Shmakov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut , 55 North Eagleville Rd, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Mariya D Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut , 55 North Eagleville Rd, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Nasim Ehterami
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University , 3501 Laclede Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63103, United States
| | - Mary Clare Weiss
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University , 3501 Laclede Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63103, United States
| | - Vladimir B Birman
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis , One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Eugene Pinkhassik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut , 55 North Eagleville Rd, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
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15
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Chen Z, Liang Y, Hao J, Cui ZM. Noncontact Synergistic Effect between Au Nanoparticles and the Fe 2O 3 Spindle Inside a Mesoporous Silica Shell as Studied by the Fenton-like Reaction. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:12774-12780. [PMID: 27934530 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
An Au-Fe2O3@mesoporous SiO2 nanoreactor with a multiyolks/shell structure was synthesized through a multistep method. In this nanoreactor, the spindle Fe2O3 and Au nanoparticles were inside the same mesoporous SiO2 shell as the yolks but in a noncontact manner. The noncontact synergistic effect between Au nanoparticles and the Fe2O3 spindle was studied with a Fenton-like reaction. The catalytic activity of the Au-Fe2O3@mesoporous SiO2 nanoreactor to the Fenton-like reaction for the degradation of organic dyes was dramatically enhanced by the noncontact synergistic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Chen
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, North China Electric Power University , Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Yu Liang
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, North China Electric Power University , Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Jing Hao
- Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Environment, Beihang University , Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Zhi-Min Cui
- Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Environment, Beihang University , Beijing 100191, PR China
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16
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Jia Y, Shmakov SN, Pinkhassik E. Controlled Permeability in Porous Polymer Nanocapsules Enabling Size- and Charge-Selective SERS Nanoprobes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:19755-63. [PMID: 27186787 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b05522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Nanoprobes for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) were prepared by creating nanorattles, or yolk-shell structures, containing gold or silver nanoparticles entrapped in porous hollow polymer nanocapsules. Controlled permeability of the shells of nanocapsules, achieved by controlling the pore size and/or shell surface functionalization, resulted in size- and charge-selective SERS analyses. For example, a trace amount of phenanthroline, a model analyte, was detected in human blood plasma without preprocessing of plasma samples. Comparison with commercially available nanoparticles showed superior performance of the newly prepared nanorattle structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jia
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University , 3501 Laclede Ave., St. Louis, Missouri 63103, United States
| | - Sergey N Shmakov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut , 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Eugene Pinkhassik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut , 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
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17
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Dergunov SA, Kim MD, Shmakov SN, Richter AG, Weigand S, Pinkhassik E. Tuning Optical Properties of Encapsulated Clusters of Gold Nanoparticles through Stimuli‐Triggered Controlled Aggregation. Chemistry 2016; 22:7702-5. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A. Dergunov
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut 55 North Eagleville Road Storrs 06269 CT USA
| | - Mariya D. Kim
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut 55 North Eagleville Road Storrs 06269 CT USA
| | - Sergey N. Shmakov
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut 55 North Eagleville Road Storrs 06269 CT USA
| | - Andrew G. Richter
- Department of Physics and Astronomy Valparaiso University Valparaiso IN 46383 USA
| | - Steven Weigand
- DND-CAT Advanced Photon Source, ANL Bldg. 432 9700 S. Cass Ave. Argonne Illinois 60439 USA
| | - Eugene Pinkhassik
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut 55 North Eagleville Road Storrs 06269 CT USA
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18
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Purbia R, Paria S. Yolk/shell nanoparticles: classifications, synthesis, properties, and applications. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:19789-873. [PMID: 26567966 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr04729c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Core/shell nanoparticles were first reported in the early 1990s with a simple spherical core and shell structure, but the area is gradually diversifying in multiple directions such as different shapes, multishells, yolk/shell etc., because of the development of different new properties of the materials, which are useful for several advanced applications. Among different sub-areas of core/shell nanoparticles, yolk/shell nanoparticles (YS NPs) have drawn significant attention in recent years because of their unique properties such as low density, large surface area, ease of interior core functionalization, a good molecular loading capacity in the void space, tunable interstitial void space, and a hollow outer shell. The YS NPs have better properties over simple core/shell or hollow NPs in various fields including biomedical, catalysis, sensors, lithium batteries, adsorbents, DSSCs, microwave absorbers etc., mainly because of the presence of free void space, porous hollow shell, and free core surface. This review presents an extensive classification of YS NPs based on their structures and types of materials, along with synthesis strategies, properties, and applications with which one would be able to draw a complete picture of this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Purbia
- Interfaces and Nanomaterials Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela-769008, India.
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