1
|
Garçon M, Phanopoulos A, Sackman GA, Richardson C, White AJP, Cooper RI, Edwards AJ, Crimmin MR. The Continuum Between Hexagonal Planar and Trigonal Planar Geometries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202211948. [PMID: 36094744 PMCID: PMC9828084 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
New heterometallic hydride complexes that involve the addition of {Mg-H} and {Zn-H} bonds to group 10 transition metals (Pd, Pt) are reported. The side-on coordination of a single {Mg-H} to Pd forms a well-defined σ-complex. In contrast, addition of three {Mg-H} or {Zn-H} bonds to Pd or Pt results in the formation of planar complexes with subtly different geometries. We compare their structures through experiment (X-ray diffraction, neutron diffraction, multinuclear NMR), computational methods (DFT, QTAIM, NCIPlot), and theoretical analysis (MO diagram, Walsh diagram). These species can be described as snapshots along a continuum of bonding between ideal trigonal planar and hexagonal planar geometries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martí Garçon
- Department of ChemistryMolecular Sciences Research HubImperial College London82 Wood Lane, Shepherds BushLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - Andreas Phanopoulos
- Department of ChemistryMolecular Sciences Research HubImperial College London82 Wood Lane, Shepherds BushLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - George A. Sackman
- Chemical CrystallographyChemistry Research Laboratory12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK,Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, ANSTONew Illawarra RoadLucas HeightsNSW, 2234Australia
| | - Christopher Richardson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular BioscienceUniversity of WollongongWollongongNSW 2522Australia
| | - Andrew J. P. White
- Department of ChemistryMolecular Sciences Research HubImperial College London82 Wood Lane, Shepherds BushLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - Richard I. Cooper
- Chemical CrystallographyChemistry Research Laboratory12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Alison J. Edwards
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, ANSTONew Illawarra RoadLucas HeightsNSW, 2234Australia
| | - Mark R. Crimmin
- Department of ChemistryMolecular Sciences Research HubImperial College London82 Wood Lane, Shepherds BushLondonW12 0BZUK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cai Y, Jiang S, Dong L, Xu X. Synthesis and reactivity of heterometallic complexes containing Mg- or Zn-metalloligands. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:3817-3827. [PMID: 35107467 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt04117g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Heteronuclear metal complexes comprising main group metals and transition metals have attracted widespread attention from researchers due to their applications in stoichiometric and catalytic activation of small molecules with possible cooperative effects. Herein, the advances of heterometallic complexes containing Mg- or Zn-metalloligands over the past ten years are reviewed. They consist of two parts: (i) synthetic approaches to heterometallic complexes. Only a brief discussion is made on the different Mg/Zn precursors since they have been summarized before. (ii) Stoichiometric and catalytic reactivities of heterometallic complexes containing Mg/Zn metalloligands. The exploration of the cooperative catalytic reaction of heterometallic complexes is still in its infancy, promising but challenging; thus, further investigations are required in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Cai
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Shengjie Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Liqiu Dong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Xin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Perutz RN, Sabo‐Etienne S, Weller AS. Metathesis by Partner Interchange in σ‐Bond Ligands: Expanding Applications of the σ‐CAM Mechanism. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202111462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sylviane Sabo‐Etienne
- CNRS LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination) 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099 F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Roy MMD, Omaña AA, Wilson ASS, Hill MS, Aldridge S, Rivard E. Molecular Main Group Metal Hydrides. Chem Rev 2021; 121:12784-12965. [PMID: 34450005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This review serves to document advances in the synthesis, versatile bonding, and reactivity of molecular main group metal hydrides within Groups 1, 2, and 12-16. Particular attention will be given to the emerging use of said hydrides in the rapidly expanding field of Main Group element-mediated catalysis. While this review is comprehensive in nature, focus will be given to research appearing in the open literature since 2001.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M D Roy
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Alvaro A Omaña
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Andrew S S Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Avon BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Michael S Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Avon BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Aldridge
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Perutz RN, Sabo-Etienne S, Weller AS. Metathesis by Partner Interchange in σ-Bond Ligands: Expanding Applications of the σ-CAM Mechanism. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202111462. [PMID: 34694734 PMCID: PMC9299125 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202111462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In 2007 two of us defined the σ‐Complex Assisted Metathesis mechanism (Perutz and Sabo‐Etienne, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 46, 2578–2592), that is, the σ‐CAM concept. This new approach to reaction mechanisms brought together metathesis reactions involving the formation of a variety of metal–element bonds through partner‐interchange of σ‐bond complexes. The key concept that defines a σ‐CAM process is a single transition state for metathesis that is connected by two intermediates that are σ‐bond complexes while the oxidation state of the metal remains constant in precursor, intermediates and product. This mechanism is appropriate in situations where σ‐bond complexes have been isolated or computed as well‐defined minima. Unlike several other mechanisms, it does not define the nature of the transition state. In this review, we highlight advances in the characterization and dynamic rearrangements of σ‐bond complexes, most notably alkane and zincane complexes, but also different geometries of silane and borane complexes. We set out a selection of catalytic and stoichiometric examples of the σ‐CAM mechanism that are supported by strong experimental and/or computational evidence. We then draw on these examples to demonstrate that the scope of the σ‐CAM mechanism has expanded to classes of reaction not envisaged in 2007 (additional σ‐bond ligands, agostic complexes, sp2‐carbon, surfaces). Finally, we provide a critical comparison to alternative mechanisms for metathesis of metal–element bonds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin N Perutz
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Sylviane Sabo-Etienne
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, F-31077, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Andrew S Weller
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Garçon M, Mun NW, White AJP, Crimmin MR. Palladium-Catalysed C-H Bond Zincation of Arenes: Scope, Mechanism, and the Role of Heterometallic Intermediates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:6145-6153. [PMID: 33275830 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic methods that transform C-H bonds into C-X bonds are of paramount importance in synthesis. A particular focus has been the generation of organoboranes, organosilanes and organostannanes from simple hydrocarbons (X=B, Si, Sn). Despite the importance of organozinc compounds (X=Zn), their synthesis by the catalytic functionalisation of C-H bonds remains unknown. Herein, we show that a palladium catalyst and zinc hydride reagent can be used to transform C-H bonds into C-Zn bonds. The new catalytic C-H zincation protocol has been applied to a variety of arenes-including fluoroarenes, heteroarenes, and benzene-with high chemo- and regioselectivity. A mechanistic study shows that heterometallic Pd-Zn complexes play a key role in catalysis. The conclusions of this work are twofold; the first is that valuable organozinc compounds are finally accessible by catalytic C-H functionalisation, the second is that heterometallic complexes are intimately involved in bond-making and bond-breaking steps of C-H functionalisation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martí Garçon
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, Shepherds Bush, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Nicolette Wee Mun
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, Shepherds Bush, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Andrew J P White
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, Shepherds Bush, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Mark R Crimmin
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, Shepherds Bush, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Garçon M, Mun NW, White AJP, Crimmin MR. Palladium‐Catalysed C−H Bond Zincation of Arenes: Scope, Mechanism, and the Role of Heterometallic Intermediates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martí Garçon
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub Imperial College London White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, Shepherds Bush London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Nicolette Wee Mun
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub Imperial College London White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, Shepherds Bush London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Andrew J. P. White
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub Imperial College London White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, Shepherds Bush London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Mark R. Crimmin
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub Imperial College London White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, Shepherds Bush London W12 0BZ UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen M, Jiang S, Maron L, Xu X. Transition metal-induced dehydrogenative coupling of zinc hydrides. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:1931-1935. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt04651d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal-induced dehydrogenative homocoupling of zinc(ii) hydrides to a zinc–zinc bonded complex has been achieved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- 215123 Suzhou
| | - Shengjie Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- 215123 Suzhou
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO
- CNRS & INSA
- Université Paul Sabatier
- 31077 Toulouse
- France
| | - Xin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- 215123 Suzhou
| |
Collapse
|