1
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Nene LC, Abrahamse H. Design consideration of phthalocyanines as sensitizers for enhanced sono-photodynamic combinatorial therapy of cancer. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:1077-1097. [PMID: 38486981 PMCID: PMC10935510 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains one of the diseases with the highest incidence and mortality globally. Conventional treatment modalities have demonstrated threatening drawbacks including invasiveness, non-controllability, and development of resistance for some, including chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery. Sono-photodynamic combinatorial therapy (SPDT) has been developed as an alternative treatment modality which offers a non-invasive and controllable therapeutic approach. SPDT combines the mechanism of action of sonodynamic therapy (SDT), which uses ultrasound, and photodynamic therapy (PDT), which uses light, to activate a sensitizer and initiate cancer eradication. The use of phthalocyanines (Pcs) as sensitizers for SPDT is gaining interest owing to their ability to induce intracellular oxidative stress and initiate toxicity under SDT and PDT. This review discusses some of the structural prerequisites of Pcs which may influence their overall SPDT activities in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindokuhle Cindy Nene
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
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2
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Subramaniam JD, Nishino T, Yasuhara K, Rapenne G. Synthesis and Dynamic Behavior of Ce(IV) Double-Decker Complexes of Sterically Hindered Phthalocyanines. Molecules 2024; 29:888. [PMID: 38398640 PMCID: PMC10891708 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Phthalocyanines and their double-decker complexes are interesting in designing rotative molecular machines, which are crucial for the development of molecular motors and gears. This study explores the design and synthesis of three bulky phthalocyanine ligands functionalized at the α-positions with phenothiazine or carbazole fragments, aiming to investigate dynamic rotational motions in these sterically hindered molecular complexes. Homoleptic and heteroleptic double-decker complexes were synthesized through the complexation of these ligands with Ce(IV). Notably, CeIV(Pc2)2 and CeIV(Pc3)2, both homoleptic complexes, exhibited blocked rotational motions even at high temperatures. The heteroleptic CeIV(Pc)(Pc3) complex, designed to lower symmetry, demonstrated switchable rotation along the pseudo-C4 symmetry axis upon heating the solution. Variable-temperature 1H-NMR studies revealed distinct dynamic behaviors in these complexes. This study provides insights into the rotational dynamics of sterically hindered double-decker complexes, paving the way for their use in the field of rotative molecular machines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeevithra Dewi Subramaniam
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Toshio Nishino
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Kazuma Yasuhara
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
- Center for Digital Green-Innovation, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Gwénaël Rapenne
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
- Centre d’Elaboration de Matériaux et d’Etudes Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 29, Rue Marvig, 31055 Toulouse, France
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3
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Arnold A, Sherbow TJ, Bohanon AM, Sayler RI, Britt RD, Smith AM, Fettinger JC, Berben LA. Delocalization tunable by ligand substitution in [L 2Al] n− complexes highlights a mechanism for strong electronic coupling. Chem Sci 2021; 12:675-682. [PMID: 34163799 PMCID: PMC8179017 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02812f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Organo-aluminum mixed-valent complexes combine properties of both organic and transition element mixed-valent compounds. This supports delocalized electronic structures that are structurally and electronically tunable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amela Arnold
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Tobias J. Sherbow
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Amanda M. Bohanon
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Richard I. Sayler
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - R. David Britt
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Allison M. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - James C. Fettinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Louise A. Berben
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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Mulholland KD, Yoon S, Rennie CC, Sitch EK, McKay AI, Edkins K, Edkins RM. Iridium-catalysed 3,5-bis-borylation of phthalonitrile enables access to a family of C 4h octaarylphthalocyanines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:8452-8455. [PMID: 32583832 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03161e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ir-catalysed borylation of phthalonitrile produces both 4-(Bpin)phthalonitrile (1) and 3,5-bis(Bpin)phthalonitrile (2), which are potential divergent intermediates for the synthesis of functionalized phthalocyanines. To exemplify the utility of 2, we have prepared a series of 3,5-bis-arylphthalonitriles that in turn undergo sterically controlled regioselective cyclotetramization to give previously unknown C4h 1,3,8,10,15,17,22,24-octaarylphthalocyanines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie D Mulholland
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Sangbin Yoon
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Christopher C Rennie
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK.
| | - Eleanor K Sitch
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Alasdair I McKay
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Katharina Edkins
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Robert M Edkins
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK.
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Chino Y, Nakanishi T, Kimura M. A near-infrared fluorescent phthalocyanine liquid developed through controlling intermolecular interactions. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj05195c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A near-infrared fluorescent phthalocyanine (Pc) liquid was developed through introducing bulky yet flexible units onto the Pc skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Chino
- Department of Chemistry and Materials
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology
- Shinshu University
- Ueda 386-8567
- Japan
| | - Takashi Nakanishi
- Frontier Molecules Group
- International Centre for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA)
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
- Ibaraki 305-0044
- Japan
| | - Mutsumi Kimura
- Department of Chemistry and Materials
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology
- Shinshu University
- Ueda 386-8567
- Japan
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Karaoğlu HP, Atsay A, Nar I, McKee V, Koçak MB, Hamuryudan E, Gül A. Near-infrared absorbing π-extended hexadeca substituted phthalocyanines. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.07.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Kociscakova L, Senipek MI, Zimcik P, Novakova V. Non-peripherally alkylamino-substituted phthalocyanines: Synthesis, spectral, photophysical and acid-base properties. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s108842461950024x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Non-peripherally substituted metal-free and zinc phthalocyanines (Pcs) bearing four diethylamino groups and four Br atoms were prepared. Optimal conditions for synthesis of corresponding precursor ([Formula: see text] 3-bromo-6-(diethylamino)phthalonitrile) either by nucleophilic substitution or by Buchwald–Hartwig coupling were studied. Noteworthy, 3,6-bis(diethylamino)phthalonitrile was also formed, nevertheless only at low yield (typically below 1%) and all attempts for its cyclotetramerization failed. Q bands of prepared Pcs were strongly red shifted up to the near-IR region (769 and 800 nm in THF for zinc and metal-free Pc, respectively). Unusually large hypsochromic shifts of the Q bands, 130 and 80 nm for metal-free and zinc Pc, respectively, were observed upon treating these Pcs with trifluoroacetic acid, which was attributed to the protonation of non-peripheral amines. Treatment with sulfuric acid led to subsequent protonation on the azomethine nitrogens as well. Photophysical study revealed low fluorescence emission of both derivatives ([Formula: see text] <0.03, in THF) and efficient singlet oxygen production only for zinc Pc ([Formula: see text] 0.77 in THF and 0.60 in DMF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Kociscakova
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Ak. Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, 50005, Czech Republic
| | - Merve Ipek Senipek
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Ak. Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, 50005, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Zimcik
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Ak. Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, 50005, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Novakova
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Ak. Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, 50005, Czech Republic
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Kumar A, Prajapati PK, Aathira MS, Bansiwal A, Boukherroub R, Jain SL. Highly improved photoreduction of carbon dioxide to methanol using cobalt phthalocyanine grafted to graphitic carbon nitride as photocatalyst under visible light irradiation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 543:201-213. [PMID: 30802767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.02.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A substantially improved methanol yield was achieved from the photoreduction of carbon dioxide under visible light by using a hybrid photocatalyst consisting of molecular cobalt phthalocyanine tetracarboxylic acid (CoPc-COOH) complex immobilized to the organic semiconductor graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) and triethylamine as sacrificial electron donor. The structural and morphological features of the hybrid photocatalyst determined by various techniques like FTIR, UV-Vis, Raman, XPS, TGA, BET etc. After 24 h of light irradiation, the methanol yield by using g-C3N4/CoPc-COOH photocatalyst (50 mg) was found to be 646.5 µmol g-1cat or 12.9 mmol g-1cat with conversion rate 538.75 µmol h-1 g-1cat. However, the use of homogeneous CoPc-COOH (6.5 µmol Co, equivalent to g-C3N4/CoPc-COOH) and g-C3N4 (50 mg) provided 88.5 μmol (1770 μmol g-1cat) and 59.2 μmol (1184 μmol g-1cat) yield of methanol, respectively under identical conditions. The improved photocatalytic efficiency of the hybrid was attributed to the binding ability of CoPc-COOH to CO2 that provided the higher CO2 concentration on the support. Further, the semiconductor support provided better electron mobility and charge separation with the integrated benefit of facile recovery and recycling of the material at the end of the reduction process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Kumar
- Chemical Sciences Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Prajapati
- Chemical Sciences Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110001, India
| | - M S Aathira
- Chemical Sciences Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun 248005, India
| | - Amit Bansiwal
- Environmental Materials Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur, India
| | - Rabah Boukherroub
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ISEN, Univ. Valenciennes, UMR 8520 - IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Suman L Jain
- Chemical Sciences Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun 248005, India.
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Belosludov RV, Nevonen D, Rhoda HM, Sabin JR, Nemykin VN. Simultaneous Prediction of the Energies of Qx and Qy Bands and Intramolecular Charge-Transfer Transitions in Benzoannulated and Non-Peripherally Substituted Metal-Free Phthalocyanines and Their Analogues: No Standard TDDFT Silver Bullet Yet. J Phys Chem A 2018; 123:132-152. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b07647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rodion V. Belosludov
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1,
Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Dustin Nevonen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Hannah M. Rhoda
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
| | - Jared R. Sabin
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
| | - Victor N. Nemykin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
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10
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Nar I, Atsay A, Gümrükçü S, Karazehir T, Hamuryudan E. Low‐Symmetry Phthalocyanine Cobalt Bis(dicarbollide) Conjugate for Hydrogen Reduction. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilgın Nar
- Department of Chemistry Istanbul Technical University 34469 Maslak, Istanbul Turkey
| | - Armağan Atsay
- Department of Chemistry Istanbul Technical University 34469 Maslak, Istanbul Turkey
| | - Selin Gümrükçü
- Department of Chemistry Istanbul Technical University 34469 Maslak, Istanbul Turkey
| | - Tolga Karazehir
- Department of Energy System Engineering Adana Science and Technology University 01250 Saricam, Adana Turkey
| | - Esin Hamuryudan
- Department of Chemistry Istanbul Technical University 34469 Maslak, Istanbul Turkey
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